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For #FishyFriday: examples of Ancient Greek terracotta red-figure fish plates. Can you tell by the designs which was probably made by Athenians and which by Greek settlers in southern Italy (Italiotes)? 🤔
two plates on display at Art Institute of Chicago
The answer is revealed by the label for this 3rd example…
fish plate and gallery label on display at The Walters Art Museum
Answer: the first plate is Athenian and the other two are Italiote. The design clue is in how the fish bellies are usually oriented - towards the outer rim (the original Attican design) or center (the later Italiote design).
“Pomegranates, with their many jellied seeds, their delicious refreshing taste, and their applelike appearance, were natural votives to fertility deities. They have been found in the area of Sumer and Akkad from the third millennium and became popular at Mycenae in the late Bronze Age and in Cyprus and Ionia by 900 B.C.46 No other Greek site of the early Archaic period was as rich in clay pomegranate votives as the Samian Heraion, and this fruit retained its association with Hera throughout antiquity among her votives at Argos, Delos, and Italiote Paestum. Both Hera figurines at Archaic Paestum and her Classical cult statue by Polykleitos at the Argive Heraion held pomegranates in their hands. As late as the second century A.D., the pomegranate was known as Hera's tree.”
(Philostratus Vita Apollonti 428).
- The Transformation of Hera: A Study of Ritual, Hero, and the Goddess in the Iliad
“Pomegranates, with their many jellied seeds, their delicious refreshing taste, and their applelike appearance, were natural votives to fertility deities. They have been found in the area of Sumer and Akkad from the third millennium and became popular at Mycenae in the late Bronze Age and in Cyprus and Ionia by 900 B.C. No other Greek site of the early Archaic period was as rich in clay pomegranate votives as the Samian Heraion, and this fruit retained its association with Hera throughout antiquity among her votives at Argos, Delos, and Italiote Paestum. Both Hera figurines at Archaic Paestum and her Classical cult statue by Polykleitos at the Argive Heraion held pomegranates in their hands.” As late as the second century A.D., the pomegranate was known as Hera’s tree (Philostratus Vita Apollonii 4.28).
But at the Samian Heraion, a dramatic change occurred in the votives about 600 B.C. The rich supply of pomegranates suddenly stopped, a change that has baffled scholars. The cause of this dramatic change must be found in the worshipers’ perception of the goddess. If the Panhellenic view of Hera as Zeus’ wife began to be an accepted part of Samian myth around this time, it would be natural that she would no longer receive the pomegranate, earth’s votive par excellence. With Zeus’ “arrival”, she would have become- -from a sexual perspective at least--the exclusive property of the king of the gods. . . . In later cult, the pomegranate continued to signify general fertility for Demeter but contracted into a bridal symbol for Hera. At Paestum and elsewhere, pomegranates were given to Hera and to brides. Many sixth-century B.C. figurines of Hera at Paestum and Sele hold pomegranates and sometimes also a child in their arms. The evidence suggests, therefore, that while the pomegranate continued to represent earth’s fertility for Demeter, its meaning came to be restricted to a marital context for Hera—a development probably occurring at different periods within the various Heraia of the Greek world.”
- The Transformation of Hera: A Study of Ritual, Hero, and the Goddess in the Iliad by Joan O'Brien
guys, there is a region of Apulia/Puglia on the Salento peninsula (the heel of the boot) called Grecìa Salentina (Salentine Greece), where they speak Griko (a form of Italiot Greek, which is the family of dialects of Greek spoken in Italy since Magna Graecia 🤌🏻)
In that region there is a town called Calimera 😭 which means 'good morning' in Greek 🥹❤️
In Calimera, there is a stele (in this case a funerary monument) from the fourth century BC that was donated to them in 1960 by the city of Athens 🥹 all because in 1957, the mayor of Calimera sent a letter to the mayor of Athens asking for something, anything they could have, as a symbol showing their common origin & good rapport between the two places
The stele is held in a stone shrine, with an inscription that reads "Zeni 'su en ise ettù 'sti Kalimera", meaning "You are not a stranger here in Calimera" 😭
Arbus (Sardinia). Portu Sessini beach. Wandering along the coast of Arbus, from Capo frasca to Capo pecora, the battle of toponymy becomes evident with the italiots (including the locals tzeracus) who try to supplant the historical toponyms, for which it is an alternation of original names and newly introduced, like the name of the whole coast: green. From the first settlements in the seventies to the following ones in the nineties, the situation has worsened, but we resist. On the coast, from Piscinas to Pistis, along the provincial road 4, there is a succession of beaches, coves, rocks, cliffs, each western path leads to the sea, each path holds a mystery, a surprise. This happened on a hot and windy day in late August, and the path led to Portu Sessini (cypero), a sight, and it was deserted... #beach #following #green #alternative #new #path #coast #pistis #arbus #sardinia #wandering #locals #original #name #introduction #whole #resist #surprise #travel #traveling #visiting #instatravel #travelling #tourism #instatraveling #travelgram #travelingram #massimopistis #sovVERSIvi #estremisti @monumentiaperti @GruppoInterventoGiuridico @sarduspater Information for the purchase of my new book "Estremisti!": the book at a cost of 12.00 euros (120 pages), can be ordered in bookstores (ISBN 978-88-591-5719-9 - Publisher Aletti) or Information for the purchase of my new book "Extremists!": The book at a cost of 12.00 euros (120 pages), can be ordered in the bookstore (ISBN 978-88-591-5719-9 - Editore Aletti) or requested to the e-mail [email protected] with additional postage (currently 1.28 euros - fold of books). https://www.instagram.com/p/CfhYZy_Dxgv/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
Date: between 300 and 200 BC.
Medium: gilded bronze.
Place of discovery: Ksour Essef, Tunisia.
Discovered: 20 February 1909.
Kept in the Bardo National Museum in Tunis.
The Ksour Essef cuirass is an ancient breastplate found in a Punic tomb in 1909 not far from Ksour Essef, Tunisia. This piece of armour, generally dated to the 3rd century BC, is of Italiote origin and comes from Southern Italy. Its discovery in Tunisia led researchers to link it to the expeditions of the Second Punic War led in Italy by the Carthaginian general Hannibal between 211 and 203 BC. This hypothesis, although tempting, is now widely questioned following in-depth examination, at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, of the various objects found in the tomb.
"The Italiotes (Greek: Ἰταλιῶται, Italiōtai) were the pre-Roman Greek-speaking inhabitants of the Italian Peninsula, between Naples and Sicily.
Greek colonization of the coastal areas of southern Italy and Sicily started in the 8th century BC and, by the time of the Roman ascendance, the area was so extensively Hellenized that Romans called it Magna Graecia, that is "Greater Greece".
The Latin alphabet is a derivative of the Western Greek alphabet used by these settlers, and was picked up and adopted and modified first by the Etruscans and then by the Romans."
“If, then, Samian Hera was a fertility goddess in the early stage of the cult, one would expect that she was also a kourotrophos (nurse of the young) as she was at Paestum and as Demeter was at many Italiote sites. But unless one counts the Samian female rider with child, which may represent Hera since she wears a “pectoral of affluence”, there are no Samian statues of her with a child in her arms comparable to the figurines at Paestum. Instead, male “fat-bottomed kourotrophos demons” apparently filled the role of “baby-sitter” in Hera’s place. These demons, adapted from Egyptian Bes, are now explicable as male nurses who guaranteed the well-being of youths, both in Egypt and in East Jonia. Since these Egyptian imports appeared in a Greek form in seventh-century East Ionian Samos, and only in the service of Hera and Demeter, and since they have also been found at other sanctuaries of Hera (e.g., Argos and Perachora), they attest to a kourotrophic aspect at Samos, not directly Hera’s, but belonging to demons in her service. . . . Perhaps with the arrival of the Bes in Greece came the custom of a male demon serving a female deity. After all, the Bes are linked to the Hathor, the fairy godmother of Egyptian myth. These demon nurses may have been Hera’s substitute at Samos in caring for the young, relieving the versatile goddess of one of her tasks. Later demons are attached predominantly to Sicilian shrines of Demeter and Kore, a fact that suggests Hera eventually lost her nursing role to Demeter.
An intriguing question remains. Did the Samians import these demons in the first place because Hera was already perceived as an aloof mother? She must have been a birth goddess, given her associations with Eileithyia and her action as a birth goddess in Iliad 19.114-19. She must have been a kourotrophos, given her nursing of monsters (Theogony 313-14, 328) and her boast of nursing Thetis (Il. 24.59-60). But the Iliadic stories of her relationships with her two sons, Hephaistos and Ares, and her stepson Heracles, would have done little to inspire confidence in her maternal instincts. The crippled Hephaistos finds a mother’s concern not in Iliadic Hera, but in Thetis (il. 18.369ff.). The belligerent Ares deserves his mother all too well (Il. 5.889-98). The popularity of Heracles in the eighth century must have led to a popular view of Hera not as a champion of the young but as their tormentor. Although this question is more relevant to Hera Argeia than Samian Hera, it is tempting to speculate that the fat-bottomed nurses would have filled a psychological need for the Samians much as angels later did for Hellenistic Jews at a time when their God was perceived as aloof.”
- The Transformation of Hera: A Study of Ritual, Hero, and the Goddess in the Iliad by Joan O'Brien
Hellenic Nations in the style of the Celtic Nations’ flag
I know most communities use the Greek flag, but I thought this would be fun. This is my first time so forgive me for the sloppy drawing. I also tried to make the colors the same, so some details may have been lost (aka the Calabrian COA). I wanted to include some other groups (like Romaniotes), but there wasn't enough room.
(Starting from the right-center-top) Crimean Tatar (bc the Urum community), Ukrainian Greeks, Pontic Greeks, Asia Minor Greeks and the Greek Orthodox Church, Antiochian Greeks, Jerusalemite Greeks, Cypriots, Egyptiotes (just the Egyptian flag in blue with the words "Greeks in Egypt"), Greeks, Italiotes (canton cross bc of Messina, The stripes bc of Salento, and the COA from the Reggio Calabrian flag), Northern Epirotes, and Sarakatsani
Center part: tried to make a callback to some historical Greek states in a like pottery-esque way : Minoan/Mycenaean=labrys, laurel wreath and meander=Ancient Greece, Vergina sun=Macedonia, ΡΩΜΑΝΙΑ=Roman Empire, and ΗΕΛΛΑΔΑ=Archaic Greek for Ελλάδα (Greece)
Anyway, hope you guys enjoy and feel free to give any criticism!