#Nana Sahib

[stephensmithuk]

The Sign of Four: The Strange Story of Jonathan Small (Part Two of Two)

CW for graphic discussion of war crimes.

Sepoy was a term, derived from the Persian sepāhī meaning "infantry soldier", that was used to refer to Indian soldiers, generally with muskets, in the Mughal Empire's armed forces and also Maratha Army. Europeans then used the term to refer to Indians in their colonial forces. One of the names of the rebellion was the Sepoy Mutiny.

Today, Sepoy is the equivalent of "Private" in the Indian and Pakistani armies.

Cawnpore, now Kanpur, was the scene of a siege of East India Company forces and associated civilians in 1857. The EIC surrendered in return for safe passage offered by Nana Sahib, leader of the rebellion on the area. Then, for unclear reason, the departing men, women and children were attacked - no definitive evidence that Sahib authorised this has been found. All the men were killed, with the surviving women and children taken to a villa called Bibighar. 22 days later, although some sepoys refused the order, they were nearly all massacred, with their naked bodies thrown down a well. The British arrived the next day to recapture the city and then carried out horrific summary justice against any rebels who could not prove their innocence. Space precludes me from covering it in depth.

Historically, treason, like the rajah has basically done, would result in Parliament passing an act of attainder, basically seizing your entire personal property plust titles without any judicial process. Not sure what the East India Company's rules were on that. The US constitution specifically bans Congress and the states from passing any bills of attainder.

I'd need to enquire about this, but EIC sepoys apparently swore loyalty to the salt they had eaten, hence the term "true to their salt".

A postern is a side entrance in a city or castle wall, usually concealed so it can be used for stealthy entrances and exits; it could also be used during a siege for the defenders to make an attack on their besiegers. The foundations of one from the London Wall can be seen next to the Tower of London.

A firelock is a musket where the powder is ignited by sparks, either from a lit match or friction from a piece of flint.

The wet season in India lasts from around June to September, when 80% of the annual rainfall occurs. This is vital for Indian agriculture and delays in it occuring can cause real problems. In any event, you get near-daily thunderstorms and torrential downpours. This can result in roads getting badly damaged and flooding in places with poor drainage. Bollywood is a particular fan of romantic scenes involving monsoons, because they allow for sexy wet people.

I believe a mound-heap is another term for midden, an outside dump for all sorts of domestic waste, ranging from broken pottery to animal bones to human waste. Archaelogists are particular fans of them as they provide evidence of past human habitation of a sight. Poor people in Victorian London would search through them for any items of value.

The British last executed someone by firing squad in 1941 when Josef Jakobs, a German NCO convicted of spying was shot at the Tower of London. Two American soldiers would be shot at Shepton Mallet in 1944 for murdering fellow soldiers.

Before the introduction of compulsory recording of police interviews in 1992, records of interviews were generally made from notes taken during the interview or even the officers' memory, with associated problems. The interviewee would then be asked to sign the official record, something frequently refused, especially if it looked like they were signing a confession. It was also pretty common for police to engage in "verballing" i.e. falsifying the record to make it appear there had been a confession.

"The first water" means the diamonds were of the highest quality, basically having the appearence of clear water.

Commutations of death sentences were in fact quite common, especially for lower-level offences. If you see "death recorded" in a trial transcript, it means that the judge had to pass the death sentence, but clearly intended for there to be a pardon or commutation. This often occurred for sodomy convictions.

Mount Harriet is a 383-metre high hill today called Mount Manipur.

A military officer who went bankrupt, especially for gambling debts, was going to lose his commission at best. Bankruptcy is still going to be a real concern in any armed forces today, especially for your security clearance.

It is around 375 miles as the metaphorical crow flies (crows are not sea birds) to Myanmar, then Burma and a British colony. The only place you could reasonably reach from Port Blair that was not under some form of British control was Siam (now Thailand), which remained independent throughout the imperial era, except when Japan invaded it in 1941.

Yawl has several definitions, including a sail layout commonly used for racing yachts in this period.

The belief that the Andaman indigenous people were cannibals appears to have come from the account of Marco Polo.

Hundreds of people tried to escape from the Andaman penal colony, including 288 of the initial 1858 arrivals, a third of those who survived the original journey. However, the thick jungle and "the murderous attacks of the savage aborigines", as military doctor and original governor James Pattison Walker put, led to 81 survivors limping back to Port Blair. They asked for mercy and medicine. Walker had them and seven other recaptured prisoners all hanged the same day. Many who got off the island likely drowned.

Two prisoners in 1872 managed to get all the way to London, after convincing a British vessel they were shipwrecked fishermen. However, the manager of the Strangers Home for Asiatics in London where they ended up got suspicious, took photographs of them and sent them around the empire. That led to their recapture.

The calabash fruit, also known as the gourd, can be turned into bowls or other containers. Gourd is also a slang term for "mind".

The pilgrims sailing from Singapore to Jiddah (or more usually Jeddah) would likely have been heading for Mecca to take part in the hajj. This a pilgrimage considered one of the five pillars of Islam and mandatory at least once in a lifetime for any Muslim with the physical and financial ability to do it. Modern travel has made this a lot less hazardous - past pilgrims faced dangers including piracy, with even some of the Caribbean pirates sailing around Africa to attack ships for the treasures that might be going with them. At least until they reach Mecca, when everyone dresses in the same simple clothing.

At the time of this story, Jeddah, Mecca and Medina were in the Vilayet of the Hejaz, a province of the Ottoman Empire.

The 1445/2024 Hajj, ongoing as I post this, has attracted 1.833 million pilgrims. These numbers have caused stampedes and spread of disease; this year has also seen deaths due to heat stroke in 48 degrees Celsius temperatures. The Saudi authorities have taken various measures to improve safety, including registration requirements and improvements to the site layout provide escape routes.

From Jeddah (and other places in the region), pilgrims would historically travel to Mecca in large camel caravans with military escort as protection against bandit attacks. Today, Jeddah is home to the biggest airport in Saudi Arabia with a dedicated and distinctive terminal for the pilgrimage, as the vast majority of pilgrims arrive via air today. From there, modern roads and a new high-speed railway provide easy access to the holy sites.

Performing in "freak shows" was one of the few ways that severely disabled people could earn a living in these period - it was often that, begging or the workhouse; Joseph Merrick could not hold down any other employment because of his appearance. People with microcephaly i.e. a smaller than usual head were passed off as "missing links". However, by 1888, public opinion was turning against such acts.

[hippography]

Deutsches Warmblut. 

Ostpreußische Stutbuchgesellschaft für Warmblut Trakehner Abstammung (e. V.). Verband ostpreußischer Warmblutzüchter, Königsberg, 

„Cancara.“ 

Geb.: 1917.  V.: Master Magpie xx (Ostpr. Hengstb. I S. 189) v. Gallinule xx u. d. Meddlesome xx.  M.: Cymbal (Trak. IV 152) v. Nana Sahib x u. d. Christrose (Trak. III 167) v. Elwin u. d. Christiania (Trak. II 212) v. Friponnier xx.  Züchter: Hauptgestüt Trakehnen.   1920-1922 Hptb. Trak., 1923-1927 Ldb. Gudw., ab 1927 Ldb. Braunsberg.  Vererber schöner und leistungsfähiger Pferde.  

Züchtungskunde, 1931, Band VI.

[outstationcabsindelhi]

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[onlinenotebank]

Effects of Doctrine of Lapse

Effects of Doctrine of Lapse: Many Indian states lost their sovereignty and became British territories. This led to a lot of unrest among the Indian princes. A lot of people were unhappy with the ‘illegal’ nature of this doctrine and this was one of the causes of the Indian Revolt of 1857. Nana Sahib and the Rani of Jhansi had grievances against the British because the former’s pension was…

[nikhilgulia]

Hey! Tantia Tope was a prominent figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was a general and one of the key leaders of the rebellion against British rule. Tantia Tope was born in 1814 in the Maratha-ruled state of Marwar in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India. He was well-versed in military tactics and played a crucial role in organizing and leading the rebel forces.

Tantia Tope fought alongside other rebel leaders such as Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and Nana Sahib. He was known for his bravery, strategic thinking, and ability to inspire his soldiers. Tantia Tope played a significant role in several battles during the rebellion, including the Siege of Kanpur and the Battle of Gwalior.

One of his notable achievements was the recapture of the city of Kanpur from the British forces. Tantia Tope's leadership and military skills were instrumental in the success of the rebel forces in various engagements. He used guerrilla warfare tactics and his knowledge of the local terrain to gain an advantage over the British.

In 1859, Tantia Tope was captured by the British and was subsequently tried and executed. His bravery and sacrifice during the rebellion have made him a revered figure in Indian history. Tantia Tope's contribution to the fight for independence continues to inspire generations.

[historbuff]

Expansion of the British Empire in 1856 AD :-

Lord Dalhousie :- Lord Dalhousie used many appropriate and inappropriate methods for the spread of British rule. He conquered Indian territories through war, policy of lapsing, charges of maladministration, confiscation of pension

4. ( Pension and Termination of Posts )Lord Dalhousie abolished the pensions and tenures of many states to join the British Empire. Karnataka comes first among them. After the Nawab's death in 1855 AD, Dalhousie refused to accept his successor Azam Shah as Nawab and stopped the pension due to him. After the death of the Raja of Tanjore in the same year, Dalhousie discontinued his title and pension forever. Similarly, on the death of Peshwa Bajirao II, he was getting an annual pension of Rs 8 lakh. Lord Dalhousie refused to accept his adopted son Nana Sahib as his heir and stopped pensioning him. All these princely states were later incorporated into the British Empire. Read more :-

[surya-kulshreshtha]

झाँसी The Alleged Nana Sahib, Arrested By the Maharajah Of Scindia At Gwalior'.

[affairsmastery]

Nana Sahib and Tantiya Tope(Commander) started revolt from Kanpur, UP during 4 June – 6 Dec, 1857.

[dhaliwalmanjit]

When Nana Patekar experienced Khalsa Raaj at Darbar Sahib #Panjab

[mahdithemagician]

Secrets Were His Life

"SPELLBOUND THEY GATHERED, FAR AND NEAR TO SCAN, THE WEIRD POWERS OF THIS WONDROUS MAN."

William Ellsworth Robinson greeting World War I veterans at a 1915 benefit performance. This is the only film record of Chung Ling Soo that exists today.

TO SAY CHUNG LING SOO'S DEATH OVERSHADOWED HIS LIFE IS AN UNDERSTATEMENT AND ONE OF THE GREATEST TRAGEDIES IN MAGIC HISTORY.

THE STORY OF HIS DEATH IS NOTHING WHEN COMPARED TO THE STORY HIS LIFE.

Born William Ellsworth Robinson on April 2, 1861 in New York, he was known as Billy Robinson to his intimate acquaintances, as The Man of Mystery to his first audiences, then later as Achmed Ben Ali, Nana Sahib, Abdul Khan, and Hop Sing Soo before finally settling on his greatest role, Chung Ling Soo, The Marvelous Chinese Conjurer.

William Robinson was a contemporary of Herrmann, Kellar, Thurston, Maskelyne, Devant, and Houdini. He was highly esteemed in his field for his work onstage and behind the curtains. He was also one of the most secretive men who ever lived both, personally and professionally.

SECRETS WERE HIS LIFE. 

His untimely demise cast a fog of mystery which enveloped and obscured the life of one of the greatest magicians who ever lived.

WHAT WERE HIS SECRETS?

What took place between the beginning of his career, when he invited his audiences to enjoy "little experiments, which endeavor to prove that seeing is believing" to the end where he played the most prestigious theaters and was billed as:

A GIFT FROM THE GODS

TO

MORTALS ON EARTH

TO AMUSE AND MYSTIFY

Growing up in New York, the young William Ellsworth Robinson was able to watch the great magicians who performed at Barnum's or the New York Coliseum. He witnessed Robert Heller on Broadway as well as Signor Blitz when they brought their world class shows to town.

Robinson's passion for studying secrets began when he first read Modern Magic by Professor Hoffmann. This was one of the most important books ever published in magic as it published the true secrets of professional magicians. The book also gave many detailed designs of conjuring apparatus assuming that every reader was a skilled metal or wood worker. Unable to afford the expensive conjuring apparatus revealed in Modern Magic, the young Billy Robinson took a job in a brass foundry and learned the art of shaping and crafting metal. Young Robinson started to make his own props and when he showed his handiwork to Francis and Anthony Martinka, they gave him a job at their world famous magic manufacturing company and shop, the Palace of Magic.

It was in Martinka's workshop that William Robinson continued his education and developed his skills for years as he built props, apparatus, and illusions for local and travelling professional magicians. By his early twenties, Billy Robinson was an expert in magic.

As he progressed in his art he began spending more and more away from Martinka and America and more time onstage in Europe, seeing increasing success with his Achmed Ben Ali act, which used very novel principles in deception that had been honed to a fine art by Robinson after seeing it in use by Auzinger. The act attracted the attention of some of the biggest names in magic including Alexander Herrmann and Harry Kellar who saw Robinson's devices and expertise as the future of magic.

Over dinner Kellar offered William Robinson a part in his show. Herrmann was planning a tour featuring his two new illusions: Black Art and Le Cocon. These two illusions were ones that Robinson had stolen from Auzinger and that both Herrmann and Kellar wanted so badly. After delaying Robinson finally accepted Kellar's offer to come perform in the show and work backstage for the sum of $60 a week.

Robinson worked with Kellar for some time, learning as much as he could, before departing from his show and joining Kellar's rival, Herrmann's show. As that ran it's course, Kellar realized how much he needed Robinson to succeed and lured him back to the Kellar show with brand new illusions he needed Robinson to build. Kellar correctly calculated that Robinson would eventually get bored with Herrmann's show and want to work on something the world had never seen before.

ROBINSON WOULD GO ON TO WORK ON MANY PROJECTS, ALWAYS WITH AN EYE SEARCHING FOR PIECES OF MAGIC WHICH HE COULD EVENTUALLY USE IN HIS OWN SHOW.

HE WAS RUTHLESS IN HIS PURSUIT OF MAGIC.

One of the darkest blemishes on his name was when he agreed to work with Zanzic on fleecing the public with fake séances using state of the art magic methods. One of their clients was a wealthy German businessman who wanted to spend an hour with the materialization of his wife's spirit, alone for an hour. Zanzic hired a prostitute and made the necessary arrangements to convince the client that he was being reunited with his dead wife. Unfortunately the German businessman died of a heart attack while in bed with who he believed was the spirit of his wife. When Zanzic and Robinson heard the prostitute screaming they burst into the room and tried to dress and sneak the dead body out, only to be caught by the German businessman's servant, who immediately called the police. The magicians explained the situation, bribed the police, and left town.

William Robinson would continue to acquire, develop, and shuttle secrets to and fro when the price was right. This was a man who knew magic as well as anyone and as his value grew so did his reputation for duplicity.

NO ONE REALLY TRUSTED HIM AND AT THE SAME TIME

THEY COULD NOT AFFORD TO NOT TRUST HIM.

[himachaltaxi]

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[armthearmour]

An ivory-hilted Shamshir owned by Nana Sahib, India, ca. 1824-1857, from Sotheby's Auction House.

[doonitedin]

Khoob ladi mardaani

‘Khoob ladi mardaani’: On Rani Laxmi Bai’s death anniversary, look at some lesser-known facts about Rani of JhansiRani Laxmi Bai got married to Raja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar at the early age of 7 in May 1842. In 1851, Laxmi Bai gave birth to their son. One of the greatest freedom fighters of the country, Rani Laxmi Bai, also known as ‘Jhansi ki Rani’, is an icon for women’s empowerment.…

[srbachchan]

DAY 4820

Jalsa, Mumbai                May 9/10,  2021                Sun/Mon 12:24 AM

When young suffer .. when the child suffers .. when the haunt of its bearing clouds the mind with nothing but that .. when time and again the repeat of its presence in some permanence in your life propels you to understand the environ is daunting and without consider .. then gripped in remorse and sadness you drop all else and sit with nothingness .. 

One can move mountains in belief and the weight of endless adversity, but if the insides are drenched in the assess that the paths are damaged and worn .. played out in the drama of a fine performance that seeks attention when attention is not the real cause .. then you sit up .. take stock .. work out the for and the against and come to conclude that the eventual set , should be to remove the cancerous pain , bear it for a while but live in the relief that it shall not be there in permanence once removed .. 

The ability to , despite unfavourable nature , shall ever be the halting block .. but the drama and the performance can ever be seen through, especially when you are surrounded by individuals similar in the despite .. 

Your complacency could be renowned .. as may be your penchant for harmony .. but for whom .. your own demeanour shall never be the object .. the other works arduously to be in the attention .. 

Point is .. they seek away from theirs .. we know the seek .. we see the transparent glass that you present each episode .. that glass gives it all away .. it is now no longer the gambit .. it is the humour of farce in the comedy of the bards errors .. 

Best then to ‘away away bright lite ..’ 

Give me room and space to breathe in my birth environ .. that is reason for departure from the fire tests to the charm of warmth ..

I speak in parables .. may be .. but there is a reality to the mind if nothing else .. a reality that brings and weighs you down .. puts the mountain over the head and drowns you with its booming energy of volume suppressing the tone of the need to air it ..

Air it then .. and end it ..

WORK on the conditions about, relentlessly continues .. campaigns for relief and the give .. at forums that cover the seas beyond .. one such the VaX Concert with dignitaries of the celebrity brand and more resolve to join the fight .. and WIN ..

The one immediately below 👇🏿 , be one such  ..

BUT more at home , the presence of the progeny develops into endeavours that stun you with their thinking and thought .. and our little Navya Naveli .. not so little anymore, speaks about the venture she has begun on her own, with her own and determined to build the initiative she believes in .. here be the link .. for one so young and mature in thought and word was truly a moment of great pride as a Nana as grand parents .. 👇🏿��

Link for Navya Spotify Link : https://open.spotify.com/episode/4DnVZj9kRFjrwm71r5ZVc9?si=0x5egAuDQWmXd1qYH2fkvA

... and there is more .. for some are disturbed in the Ef fraternity of the brevity in the Blog and wonder if the mind is disturbed , ill , concerned , indisposed .. 

No it is not .. 

The hesitancy comes from whether to SPEAK or not ..

But whether I show concern over it or not I find that surreptitiously some of them that are the privileged in the World of writing and inform, have through means sourced the matter that was kept under the hatter .. and now as with all matter within these modern times, nothing remains buried in silence .. it rises and volumes the announce elsewhere ..

SO .. my Nana, my grandfather , my Mother’s Father Sardar Khazan Singh Suri the affluent Bar at Law in pre partition Punjab, was married to Amar Kaur Sodhi, my Naani , my Mother’s mother .. and gave birth to my Mother Teji Kaur Suri .. 

The Sodhi’s are considered the descendents of the Guru’s of the Sikh religion .. the location of the birth of the religion being AnandPur Sahib, the  Gurudwara now in India Punjab and a most revered temple of the Sikhs .. 

The readings of the autobiography of my Father, detailing the history of his In Laws educated me .. I never had courage or the need to ask this of my Father or my Mother .. but having known ,it came to me that there has been no remembrance of Nana and Naani through the years .. so a remembrance needed to be done .. 

CovID occurred and in the months and time that has passed from the ‘20 to the ‘21 and one witnessed the hardships of those that suffered .. 

Yes I do charity , but have ever believed it to be done,  than spoken of .. it is embarrassing , in too great a self consciousness .. of one that has ever felt shy of public presence despite the profession - one that has to find its usp in public domains is relevant today for me .. 

The pressure though .. the every day abuse and the filth of distasteful comment has never been of attention to me or to the family .. we have seen it from time immemorial .. happens .. some are ridden with the wisdom that it shall happen .. so all the efforts continued in the quiet .. no divulge to the information agencies .. no talk of it either .. only the receiver knew and that was the end ..

Over 1500 farmers’ bank loans paid off by my personal fund and prevented them from suicide , as the suicides grew  .. from Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, UP et al .. calling them over after identifying with respective banks and getting them all to Janak and in the presence of the bank representatives, paying them in person and getting them to strike off the loan , giving each farmer the document that they did not owe any more , that their loan was over and completed and paid back to the bank .. some 300 odd from UP could not all be present .. a bogie in the train booked for a limited number of 30 to 50 of them , from their respective cities in UP, received them in Mumbai , put them in buses , given a drive of the city of Mumbai, brought over to Janak, fed and given the loan cancellation certificate and put back on the train to their homes .. all at my expense ..

The brave soldiers at the border of the Country who had been martyred , their lists sought and their families , young wives and their children, some wives pregnant and expectant , given succour ..

The martyr’s at Pulwama after the terrible terrorist attack , their families spread all over the land contacted and brought to Janak and given succour .. at the hands of Abhishek and Shweta  .. 

Those that suffered during the CoViD last year .. providing food for over 400,000 - 4 lakh - daily wage earners in the country for a month .. feeding almost 5000 in the city each day lunch and dinner .. 

Provided masks , PPE units to front line warriors, Police Hospitals in the thousands .. through personal funds .. donating to the Sikh Committee that was helping the migrants to travel back home in the Inter State busses , where the drivers were mostly Sikhs ..

When the migrants were walking back home, some without the benefit or affordability of shoes .. provided hundreds of chappals and shoes to them .. due to lack of travel facility, booked 30 buses to locations in UP and Bihar and supplied them food and water for the overnight travel ..

Booked an entire train from Mumbai to UP to carry 2800 migrant passengers free of cost at my expense .. and when the destination State blocked the train from coming into their State and cancelled the train .. immediately chartered 3 Indigo Airline planes and flew almost 180 migrants in each flight to UP and Bihar and some to Rajasthan and J&K .. free of cost ..

And as the virus spread, donated an entire Diagnostic Centre  .. opened at Bangla Sahib Gurudwara in Delhi through the Delhi Sikh Gurudwara Management Committee, set up in the premises of the Gurudwara for medical help for the poor and needy .. an MRI machine and other Sonographic and Scan equipments of expenses beyond my means, but set up inspite .. in the memory of my Nana , Naani and my Mother ..

A 250 to 450 bed care centre set up with further donation at the Rakabganj Sahib Gurudwara today in Delhi and soon to procure for them O2 ( Oxygen ) concentrators, not in stock or easily available , from overseas limited stock to be donated to Delhi where the need is immense and some to Mumbai .. coming in within the week .. 50 of them coming in from Poland by 15th and the rest around 150 from perhaps the US .. orders placed , some have arrived and given to the Hospital in need .. 

Ventilators of immediate need to the BMC and to the Municipal Hospitals ordered .. around 20 of them , of course within my limited means , to be in, in a few days .. some 10 have arrived today and on custom release shall be delivered ..

A 25-50 bed Hospital care centre setting up at Juhu Army location at a School Hall , the Ritambhara School, with all facilities and should be up by the 12th of May .. donated funds to set up ..

3 very important detection machines donated to Nanavati Hospital , last week to help in the detection of CoviD ..

Feeding about a 1000 in the slums and poor sections of the city .. 

Young children .. orphaned by the sudden death of the parents, left in oblivion .. have adopted 2  and shall be put in an orphanage in Hyderabad .. their study board and lodging free till they finish School .. from the 1st to the 10th .. and if they turn out bright to provide them with free upper education .. 

.. and more , as and when the means are affordable ..

AGRANDISEMENT .. !! NO .. let it be emulated .. if each were to put in not the above but even a small drop of assistance, the severity of the situation would begin to ease .. 

It is painful to see the misery around and the inability to be able to do something for them .. 

BUT we shall fight and more than that ..  shall .. WIN ! 

So help me God .. !!

Amitabh Bachchan

[blackwidowmarshal123]

Lakshmi Bai: Queen of Jhansi

Manikarnika Lakshmi Bai, or Laxmi Bai was born in November 19, 1835 in Kashi, India. She was brought in the Brahman household of Peshwa Baji Rao II.

Unlike most girl’s upbringings, she was brought up in the boy’s court and trained in the martial arts. She had a thing for being an equestrian and sword fighting.

Marriage and Children

In 1842, she married the Maharajah of Jhansi, named Gangador Rao, therefore becoming Queen of Jhansi. She took on her own name, Laxmi Bai, even after marriage. She was widowed without bearing an heir. However, before the Maharajah’s death, he adopted a boy as his heir.

The Governor- general of India in that time, was Lord Dalhousie. He refused to recognize the boy as a legitimate heir and annexed the kingdom in accordance with the Doctrine of Lapse. The Doctrine of Lapse was a formula to deal with Hindu Indian states, in terms of questioning succession. Typically, an heir that was adopted would have all rights of succession taken away due in favor of Western rule.

The 22 year old Queen refused to let her kingdom be annexed. In 1857, she ruled as regent on behalf of the heir. During the uprising against the British, she rapidly organized her troops for her own battle. Some of these troops included rebels in the Bundelkhand region.

Within a year, by 1858, due to the rebels uprising with the Queen of Jhansi, the city of Sagar was captured by General Hugh Rose, who was appointed Commander of the Central India force, who laid siege to Jhansi. The same year, the company’s forces surrounded the fort of Jhansi. From there a fierce battle raged.

Laxmi Bai never gave up no matter what. She fought like a badass Queen even if her troops were overwhelmed. One rebel leader, Tantia Tope joined her. She managed to escape from the fort with a small force of palace guards where other rebels joined her. Then Tantia Tope and Laxmi Bai finally mounted a successful assault on the city-fortress of Gwalior. A prominent leader, Nana Sahib was proclaimed as the peshwa of Gwalior. After taking Gwalior, Laxmi Bai confronted an attack on Rose’s forces in Morar. She was killed in combat, at the age of 22 in 1858.

Movies and Television

Jhansi ki Rani, 2009 to 2011 (tv series)

The Warrior Queen of Jhansi, 2019

Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi, 2019

(Featuring Kangana Ranaut)