#Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)

[raffaellopalandri]

Living the Interdependent Self: From Conceptual Realisation to Embodied Wisdom - Part 1

Having traversed the vast theoretical terrains that unravel the illusion of the autonomous, bounded self—from Enlightenment individualism to post-structural decentring, from Buddhist concept of anātman / अनात्मन् (non-self) to Stoic radical cosmopolitanism, from Indigenous relationality to ecological embeddedness, we now stand before a different kind of threshold: not epistemological, but…

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Golden Mean

The philosophy of the Golden Mean is a concept rooted in ancient Greek philosophy, particularly associated with Aristotle. It refers to the idea that virtue lies in finding the moderate, balanced path between extremes. This concept is central to Aristotle’s ethical theory, where he argues that moral virtue is achieved by maintaining a balance between excess and deficiency in our actions and emotions.

Key Themes in the Philosophy of the Golden Mean:

Definition of the Golden Mean:

Moderation: The Golden Mean is the desirable middle ground between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency. For Aristotle, virtue is not about having too much or too little of anything but about having the right amount, which is appropriate to the situation.

Moral Virtue: In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, moral virtues are seen as states of character that lie between extremes. For example, courage is a virtue that lies between the extremes of recklessness (excess) and cowardice (deficiency).

Virtue as a Mean:

Examples of Virtues: Aristotle provides various examples to illustrate the Golden Mean:

Courage: Lies between recklessness (too much fearlessness) and cowardice (too much fear).

Temperance: Lies between self-indulgence (too much pleasure) and insensibility (too little pleasure).

Generosity: Lies between prodigality (excessive giving) and stinginess (insufficient giving).

Relative to the Individual: Aristotle emphasizes that the mean is relative to the individual and the situation. What is moderate for one person might be excessive or deficient for another, depending on their circumstances and abilities.

Practical Wisdom (Phronesis):

Role of Practical Wisdom: The ability to find the Golden Mean in any situation requires practical wisdom or phronesis. This is the intellectual virtue that enables individuals to make sound moral judgments and act virtuously.

Deliberation and Choice: Practical wisdom involves careful deliberation and choosing the right course of action that achieves balance. It is not simply following a rule but requires understanding the particulars of each situation.

The Golden Mean in Ethics:

Moral Development: According to Aristotle, achieving virtue through the Golden Mean is a matter of moral development and habituation. One becomes virtuous by repeatedly practicing moderate actions until they become second nature.

Moral Responsibility: The Golden Mean implies that individuals are responsible for finding the balance in their actions. This requires self-awareness and the ability to recognize when one is veering toward excess or deficiency.

Criticisms and Interpretations:

Not a Strict Formula: Some critics argue that the Golden Mean is not always applicable, as not all virtues fit neatly into a spectrum of extremes. For instance, justice is often seen as an absolute, rather than something that exists between extremes.

Cultural and Situational Variability: The idea of what constitutes a mean can vary greatly depending on cultural norms and individual circumstances, which makes it a more complex concept in practice.

The Golden Mean in Other Philosophical Traditions:

Confucianism: Similar ideas can be found in Confucianism, where the Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) advocates for moderation and balance in all things, aiming for harmony and proper conduct.

Buddhism: The Middle Way in Buddhism also reflects a similar principle, advocating for a path of moderation between the extremes of asceticism and indulgence.

Applications of the Golden Mean:

Personal Conduct: The Golden Mean can be applied to personal conduct, encouraging individuals to seek balance in their emotions, behaviors, and lifestyle choices.

Leadership and Governance: In politics and leadership, the Golden Mean suggests that successful governance involves balancing different interests and avoiding extremes, whether in policy or behavior.

Influence and Legacy:

Impact on Western Thought: The concept of the Golden Mean has had a lasting influence on Western thought, shaping ideas about ethics, politics, and personal conduct. It has been invoked in discussions of moderation, balance, and the avoidance of extremes throughout history.

Modern Interpretations: Contemporary philosophers and ethicists continue to explore the relevance of the Golden Mean, particularly in discussions of virtue ethics, where it serves as a model for understanding the complexity of moral life.

The philosophy of the Golden Mean emphasizes the importance of balance, moderation, and the avoidance of extremes in the pursuit of a virtuous and fulfilling life. It highlights the role of practical wisdom in making moral decisions and encourages a nuanced approach to ethics, where virtue is seen as a mean relative to the individual and the situation. This concept remains a cornerstone of ethical thought, influencing both ancient and modern discussions of how best to live.

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing Notes: Character Traits (Virtues)

When describing someone, we often describe the virtues or values they exhibit, which are aligned to their character.

Virtues - positive personal strengths and behaviors that demonstrate an individual’s moral standards.

Can be considered the foundation of character and can be categorized as moral virtues, civic virtues, intellectual virtues, or performance virtues.

Types of Virtues

INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES

Can be considered habits of mind, enabling individuals to become critical thinkers who ask the right questions and seek answers from evidence-based resources.

These virtues support discernment, right action and the pursuit of knowledge while enabling problem-solving.

MORAL VIRTUES

Can be considered habits of the heart.

Moral character guides decision making from multiple perspectives allowing individuals to evaluate situations and respond in a meaningful and responsible manner that keeps the betterment of society and all stakeholders in the forefront.

These virtues guide social connections and ethical decision making.

CIVIC VIRTUES

Can be considered habits of service.

Civic character supports a collaborative approach to solving systemic problems to contribute to the well-being of others and serve the public good.

These virtues ultimately support citizenship and community.

PERFORMANCE VIRTUES

Can be considered habits of action and will, enabling us to marry the quality of our actions to the strength of our convictions.

These virtues equip and enable one to navigate life and uncertainty for success.

Performance virtues are informed by intellectual, moral, and civic virtues.

In collaboration, the virtue types allow individuals space to develop a deeper sense of virtuous behavior and growth through personal experiences and reflection when the virtues collide, known as practical wisdom, furthering our good sense.

Practical wisdom

Also known as phronesis, is the meta-virtue that guides individuals in making decisions when two or more virtues collide.

This helps us determine what is morally right in a given situation so we can discern which virtue to put into action.

Intellectual Virtues: Are my actions in pursuit of knowledge, truth and understanding?

Examples

Reflection

Resourcefulness

Communication

Critical Thinking

Curiosity

Reasoning

Moral Virtues: Do I respond ethically and with heart?

Examples

Honesty

Humility

Compassion

Integrity

Kindness

Empathy

Civic Virtues: Do I engage in responsible citizenship?

Examples

Service

Citizenship

Community Awareness

Neighborliness

Civility

Performance Virtues: Do I have the tools to navigate life and uncertainty?

Examples

Resilience

Determination

Perseverance

Leadership

Self-discipline

Motivation

Source ⚜ More: Writing Notes & References ⚜ +600 Personality Traits

[apesoformythoughts]

"Can the wisdom of the world that the Greeks knew be opposed to the wisdom of God, given that the world and the revealed book . . . have one and the same author?

The image of the two books that must be reconciled is an old one and a good one. The wisdom of the world that I try to get at, which is, in fact, Greek, shares only a name with the “wisdom of this world” that St. Paul declares God has “turned into folly” (1 Corinthians 1:20). In the first case, we are speaking of the fine order of the physical universe; in the second, of human existence, when it wants to be cut off from God and claims to act according to its own logic.

One way to render intelligible the content of the medieval image of the books would be to take the idea of providence seriously. Not as it is too often imagined these days, as God putting himself in our place in order to grasp us by the suspenders. But rather as it was conceived by people of the Middle Ages. Someday I hope to write a book on the subject, for which I already have at least a title: À chacun selon ses besoins (To each according to his needs). The medieval conception of providence supposes a God who gives. And without expecting anything in return, for what would God need? He does not give something supplementary to things that are already made. His gift coincides with the very nature of each created thing, the nature that is granted to it.

God gives to every creature, according to its own nature, what it needs in order to attain the good. He does not take the place of the creature in making its good. And the higher on the scale from the mineral to the vegetal, the animal, and the human, the more God delegates; the more he grants the creature care of itself. When his providence is granted to man, it becomes, in a conscious play on words, prudence; not the simple fact of watching out for what lies ahead, but all of the practical wisdom that Aristotle called phronesis. This is where the wisdom of God and the wisdom of man come together."

— Rémi Brague: The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (2009)

[boredtechnologist]

Resident Evil Outbreak File #2 for Sony PlayStation 2, provides a fertile ground for exploring the philosophical concept of personal sacrifice, especially in the face of catastrophic events. The game’s narrative, which involves characters such as Kevin Ryman, Alyssa Ashcroft, and David King, among others, allows for a profound exploration of this theme through the lens of utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics.

1. Utilitarianism and the Greater Good: John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian principle, which proposes that actions are right if they promote happiness and wrong if they produce the opposite, can be applied to analyze the decisions players must make in "Resident Evil Outbreak File #2." In scenarios where characters must decide whether to sacrifice themselves or others to save the group, utilitarian ethics would advocate for the choice that maximizes overall well-being, even at the cost of individual sacrifice. For example, the decision to hold back the undead to allow others time to escape reflects a utilitarian calculus of sacrificing one for the happiness and survival of many.

2. Kantian Ethics and the Respect for Persons: Immanuel Kant’s deontological ethics, which emphasize duty and respect for individuals as ends in themselves, offer a contrasting perspective to utilitarianism. Kantian ethics would challenge decisions that treat individuals merely as means to an end, even in desperate times. The personal sacrifices characters might make, such as Kevin Ryman’s potential self-sacrificial acts to protect others, can be seen as embodying Kantian morality, where actions are motivated by duty and the recognition of the inherent worth of each person.

3. Virtue Ethics and Moral Character: Aristotelian virtue ethics focus on the development of good character traits that enable individuals to live and act rightly. The characters in "Resident Evil Outbreak File #2," through their experiences and choices, have opportunities to develop virtues such as courage, compassion, and loyalty. The various scenarios that test their limits can be seen as moments of moral and character education, where the right action is the one that expresses virtuous character. For instance, Alyssa Ashcroft's decisions could demonstrate courage and practical wisdom (phronesis), as she navigates the complexities of survival while considering the welfare of others.

4. Existentialism and Authentic Existence: Jean-Paul Sartre and other existentialists assert that individuals are defined by their actions under pressure, emphasizing authenticity and the acceptance of one’s freedom and responsibility. In the dire context of "Resident Evil Outbreak File #2," characters are confronted with existential choices that test their authenticity. David King’s potential sacrifices, for instance, can be viewed through this lens—choosing to act in a manner consistent with his values and acceptance of his existential freedom, even when faced with death.

5. Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care: Feminist ethics, particularly the ethics of care as proposed by Carol Gilligan, stress the importance of context, relationships, and emotional engagement in ethical decision-making. This perspective can enrich the understanding of personal sacrifices within the game, emphasizing the relational and interconnected nature of the characters’ decisions. The care shown by one character to another, in risking their own safety, highlights the moral significance of empathy, care, and interdependence in ethical reasoning.

In conclusion, "Resident Evil Outbreak File #2" not only provides a gripping survival horror experience but also serves as a profound narrative framework for exploring complex ethical dilemmas surrounding personal sacrifice. Through the decisions and sacrifices of its characters, the game invites players to engage with and reflect on various philosophical debates concerning utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, virtue ethics, existentialism, and feminist ethics, making it a rich text for philosophical inquiry into the nature of moral decision-making in extreme situations.

[diaryofhuman]

Eudaimonia (/juːdɪˈmoʊniə/; Ancient Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː]), sometimes anglicized as Eudaemonia, Eudemonia or Eudimonia, is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of good spirit, and which is commonly translated as happiness or welfare.

In the works of Aristotle, eudaimonia was the term for the highest human good in older Greek tradition. It is the aim of practical philosophy-prudence, including ethics and political philosophy, to consider and experience what this state really is and how it can be achieved. It is thus a central concept in Aristotelian ethics and subsequent Hellenistic philosophy, along with the terms aretē (most often translated as virtue or excellence) and phronesis ('practical or ethical wisdom').[1]

Discussion of the links between ēthikē aretē (virtue of character) and eudaimonia (happiness) is one of the central concerns of ancient ethics, and a subject of disagreement. As a result, there are many varieties of eudaimonism.

[gcmyers]

The Phronesis Interview

“Phronesis is a creative act, especially when navigating the unknown…It’s not just what happens when we’re faced with dilemmas, paradoxes, and crucible moments. Of course, that’s where our strength of character shines and guides our action choices, which is why we mark it as an act of practical wisdom.” — Dr. Elena Antonacopoulou I’ve known Scott Allen for some time now. Actually, I knew of him…

[tagitables]

8 November 2024,

Above all, this ongoing journey of philosophical inquiry has, in a sense, liberated me from the confines of the matrix — at least, it feels that way. Both Hegel and Aristotle would likely appreciate this process. Aristotle's notion of eudaimonia (flourishing) suggests that through rational inquiry, we can achieve a more authentic and fulfilled life, whereas Hegel's dialectical method emphasizes the development of consciousness through contradictions and synthesis, leading to higher forms of understanding and freedom. For both philosophers, intellectual growth is seen not just as an abstract process but as one that shapes and liberates the self. Hegel would argue that the individual’s journey toward self-realization and freedom is inseparable from the development of historical consciousness. Similarly, Aristotle's phronesis (practical wisdom) is achieved through engaging deeply with the world and its complexities.

[awiseandhappylife]

Wisdom and Happiness

In the pursuit of a fulfilling life, two concepts often stand out as essential ingredients: wisdom and happiness. While they are often seen as separate pursuits, wisdom and happiness are deeply interconnected. Wisdom provides the insights and understanding that lead to happiness, and happiness nurtures the mind, allowing for greater wisdom. In this blog, we will explore the relationship between wisdom and happiness, delve into the meaning of each, and offer practical ways to cultivate both in our lives.

Understanding Wisdom

What is Wisdom?

Wisdom can be defined as the ability to make sound judgments and decisions based on knowledge, experience, and understanding. It goes beyond mere intelligence or the accumulation of facts; wisdom involves discernment, emotional intelligence, and the capacity to apply knowledge in practical and meaningful ways.

The Dimensions of Wisdom

Cognitive Wisdom: This aspect of wisdom involves knowledge and understanding. It encompasses critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the ability to learn from experiences. Cognitive wisdom enables individuals to analyze situations thoughtfully and make informed decisions.

Emotional Wisdom: Emotional wisdom refers to the ability to understand and manage one’s emotions and empathize with others. It involves emotional intelligence, which helps individuals navigate complex social interactions and build meaningful relationships.

Practical Wisdom: Practical wisdom, often referred to as "phronesis" in ancient Greek philosophy, is the application of knowledge in real-life situations. It involves knowing how to act in specific contexts, considering both short-term and long-term consequences.

Reflective Wisdom: This dimension involves self-awareness and introspection. Reflective wisdom encourages individuals to evaluate their beliefs, values, and actions critically, leading to personal growth and development.

The Sources of Wisdom

Wisdom can be acquired through various means:

Life Experiences: Personal experiences, both positive and negative, serve as powerful teachers. Reflecting on these experiences helps individuals gain insights and develop a deeper understanding of life.

Education: Formal education and continuous learning contribute to cognitive wisdom, providing individuals with knowledge and critical thinking skills.

Mentorship: Learning from wise mentors and role models can accelerate the development of wisdom. Their guidance and insights can illuminate paths that might not be immediately evident.

Mindfulness and Reflection: Practices like meditation and journaling foster self-awareness and reflection, allowing individuals to connect with their inner selves and cultivate wisdom.

The Nature of Happiness

What is Happiness?

Happiness is often defined as a state of well-being and contentment. It encompasses a range of positive emotions, including joy, satisfaction, and fulfillment. While happiness is subjective and can vary from person to person, it is a universal aspiration.

The Dimensions of Happiness

Eudaimonic Happiness: This form of happiness is associated with living a meaningful and purposeful life. It focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and contributing to the well-being of others. Eudaimonic happiness emphasizes the importance of aligning one’s actions with values and principles.

Hedonic Happiness: Hedonic happiness, on the other hand, is derived from pleasurable experiences and immediate gratification. It includes moments of joy, fun, and enjoyment. While hedonic happiness can be enjoyable, it is often fleeting and may not lead to long-term fulfillment.

The Sources of Happiness

Relationships: Strong social connections and healthy relationships are among the most significant contributors to happiness. Love, support, and shared experiences enhance our well-being.

Gratitude: Cultivating gratitude shifts our focus from what we lack to what we have. Practicing gratitude can lead to increased happiness and satisfaction in life.

Meaningful Activities: Engaging in activities that align with our values and passions fosters a sense of purpose and fulfillment, leading to lasting happiness.

Mindfulness: Being present in the moment allows us to appreciate life’s simple pleasures, contributing to overall happiness.

The Interconnection Between Wisdom and Happiness

How Wisdom Contributes to Happiness

Informed Decision-Making: Wisdom equips individuals with the ability to make sound choices, leading to outcomes that contribute to long-term happiness. By weighing options carefully and considering consequences, wise individuals are more likely to pursue paths that lead to fulfillment.

Emotional Regulation: Wisdom enhances emotional intelligence, helping individuals manage their emotions effectively. This ability to navigate emotions contributes to overall happiness by reducing stress and fostering healthier relationships.

Perspective and Resilience: Wisdom provides a broader perspective on life’s challenges, allowing individuals to approach difficulties with resilience. This adaptability promotes emotional well-being and prevents negative experiences from overshadowing happiness.

Meaningful Relationships: Wise individuals often prioritize meaningful connections and cultivate empathy, leading to deeper and more fulfilling relationships. Positive social interactions significantly contribute to happiness.

How Happiness Enhances Wisdom

Open-Mindedness: Happiness promotes an open mindset, allowing individuals to explore new ideas, perspectives, and experiences. This openness fosters learning and enhances wisdom.

Enhanced Creativity: A happy state of mind stimulates creativity and critical thinking. Creative problem-solving can lead to greater insights and wisdom in decision-making.

Positive Outlook: Happiness encourages a positive outlook on life, helping individuals to see challenges as opportunities for growth. This perspective nurtures reflective wisdom.

Motivation for Learning: When individuals are happy, they are more motivated to engage in lifelong learning and self-improvement, further enhancing their wisdom.

Cultivating Wisdom and Happiness in Daily Life

1. Embrace Lifelong Learning

Pursue knowledge and personal growth through reading, taking courses, attending workshops, or engaging in discussions with others. Cultivating curiosity and a thirst for knowledge enhances cognitive wisdom and enriches your life.

2. Practice Mindfulness

Incorporate mindfulness practices, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises, into your daily routine. Mindfulness fosters self-awareness, emotional regulation, and reflection, all of which contribute to wisdom and happiness.

3. Foster Meaningful Relationships

Invest time and energy into building and nurturing relationships with family, friends, and community. Surround yourself with positive influences and engage in open, honest communication.

4. Cultivate Gratitude

Practice gratitude daily by keeping a gratitude journal or taking a moment each day to reflect on what you are thankful for. Focusing on the positive aspects of your life fosters happiness and contentment.

5. Seek Mentorship and Guidance

Find mentors or role models who inspire you and provide guidance. Learning from their experiences and insights can accelerate your personal growth and enhance your wisdom.

6. Reflect on Experiences

Take time to reflect on your life experiences, both good and bad. Journaling or discussing your experiences with a trusted friend can lead to greater self-awareness and understanding.

7. Engage in Meaningful Activities

Identify activities that align with your values and passions. Whether volunteering, pursuing hobbies, or engaging in creative projects, find ways to contribute to the well-being of others and cultivate a sense of purpose.

8. Embrace Challenges

View challenges as opportunities for growth rather than obstacles. Cultivating resilience through difficult experiences enhances your wisdom and contributes to long-term happiness.

9. Practice Self-Compassion

Be kind to yourself in times of failure or struggle. Self-compassion fosters emotional well-being and helps you navigate setbacks with grace.

10. Balance Hedonic and Eudaimonic Happiness

Strive for a balance between enjoying life’s pleasures (hedonic happiness) and pursuing meaningful goals (eudaimonic happiness). Both forms of happiness contribute to a fulfilling life.

Conclusion

Wisdom and happiness are integral components of a fulfilling life. By understanding their interconnectedness and actively cultivating both, we can navigate life’s complexities with greater ease and joy.

Wisdom empowers us to make informed decisions, regulate our emotions, and build meaningful relationships, while happiness nurtures our minds, creativity, and motivation for growth.

As we embark on this journey of self-discovery, reflection, and growth, let us remember that the path to a wise and happy life is a continuous process. Embrace the lessons learned from experiences, cultivate positive relationships, and remain open to new possibilities.

In the words of Aristotle, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” By investing in our wisdom and happiness, we can create a life that is not only wise and happy but also rich with meaning and fulfillment.

https://www.awiseandhappylife.com/

[ikaanews]

CULTIVATING A BALANCED APPROACH TO WISDOM

True wisdom encompasses more than just knowledge or intelligence. The biblical concept of wisdom involves a harmonious integration of sophia (theoretical wisdom), sunesis (practical understanding), and phronesis (prudent judgment). To develop holistic biblical wisdom, we must strive to cultivate all three aspects in our lives. Sophia refers to the deep, contemplative understanding of the divine…

[takomafe]

phronesis: the practical wisdom to reason well about the common good

Aristotle

[shammah8]

RHAPSODY OF REALITIES

📅 WED. 19TH JUNE 2024

      PRACTICAL WISDOM

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In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace; wherein he hath abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence (Ephesians 1:7-8). 

Pastor Chris Says

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In Ephesians 1:7-8, the Apostle Paul unveils a profound truth: every kind of wisdom has been lavished upon us in Christ.

Read the 8th verse in the Amplified Classic; it says, “Which He lavished upon us in every kind of wisdom and understanding (practical insight and prudence).” Pause and let the weight of this revelation sink in.

Recall the words of Jesus in Matthew 12:42; He said, "The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: for she came from the uttermost parts of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and, behold, a greater than Solomon is here." Solomon was given practical wisdom; it’s the same word that’s translated in our theme verse as “Prudence.”

The Greek Septuagint tells us that the wisdom that God gave to Solomon was “Phronesis.” In Luke 1:17, it’s described as “the wisdom of the just”: “And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”

“Phronesis” is practical wisdom, and it’s available to us in Christ. Christ has been made unto you wisdom from God. That practical wisdom empowers you to apply, utilize and immerse yourself in various fields with divine insight. Whether in politics, law, business, medicine, or any profession, you become exceptional.

This wisdom is a spiritual elixir that locates you within the framework of God's will, beyond your natural understanding, causing you to do God's things God's way, in God's time for God's purpose. It's also a mind-set; an excellent mind-set that causes you to think in a certain way and to say the right things in the right way at the right time for the right purpose in the right place. Hallelujah!

       🙏 P R A Y E R

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Dear Father, I affirm that in Christ, I have access to practical wisdom. I walk in divine wisdom; I do and say the right things at the right time, in the right way, for God’s purpose. Christ, my wisdom, effectively works in me to produce fruits and works of righteousness to the glory of God. Hallelujah!

      📖 FURTHER STUDY :

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Proverbs 2:6;  For the LORD giveth wisdom: Out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding.

Colossians 2:2-3;  that their hearts might be comforted, being knit together in love, and unto all riches of the full assurance of understanding, to the acknowledgement of the mystery of God, and of the Father, and of Christ;

[3] in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. 

1 Corinthians 1:30;  But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption:

1 YEAR BIBLE READING PLAN: Acts 8:9-40 & 2 Chronicles 33-34

2 YEAR BIBLE READING PLAN: 2 Corinthians 6:1-10 & Isaiah 5-6

RHAPSODY OF REALITIES DAILY DEVOTIONAL

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Sapience

Sapience refers to wisdom, deep insight, or the ability to think and act with judgment, often contrasted with sentience (the capacity for sensation and feeling). In philosophy, sapience explores what it means to be capable of higher-order thinking, reflective self-awareness, and the pursuit of knowledge and understanding.

1. Definition of Sapience

Sapience is typically defined as the ability to reason, think abstractly, and apply knowledge wisely. It encompasses the intellectual faculties that allow beings to reflect, solve complex problems, and engage in self-directed learning.

It is often associated with wisdom, foresight, and a moral dimension, involving not only intellectual capacity but also ethical judgment.

2. Sapience vs. Sentience

Sentience refers to the capacity to have subjective experiences (such as pleasure or pain), while sapience is linked to the higher cognitive abilities that include reasoning, planning, and understanding abstract concepts.

Sapient beings are not only aware of their experiences but are capable of reflecting on those experiences, making decisions based on reason, and exercising judgment about complex matters. Humans are typically considered sapient, while many non-human animals are seen as sentient but not sapient.

3. Sapience and the Human Condition

Sapience is often seen as a key trait that distinguishes humans from other animals. It involves self-awareness and the ability to ask philosophical questions, reflect on one’s existence, and make moral judgments.

The ancient Greeks, especially Aristotle, viewed sapience as a fundamental characteristic of humans. Aristotle argued that humans are "rational animals" whose ability to reason sets them apart from other creatures and allows them to achieve eudaimonia (flourishing or happiness) through the exercise of virtue.

Wisdom and Practical Reasoning: Sapience is also closely related to the philosophical concept of phronesis, or practical wisdom, which refers to the ability to make good judgments in everyday life. This kind of wisdom, according to Aristotle, requires not only knowledge but also experience and moral insight.

4. Sapience and Knowledge

Epistemology, or the philosophy of knowledge, is closely related to the concept of sapience. To be sapient is not just to have knowledge, but to understand how to apply that knowledge wisely in different contexts.

Philosophers like Plato and Socrates viewed sapience as the highest form of knowledge. For Plato, wisdom was a form of insight into the eternal truths of the universe, such as the Forms, and the philosopher was the one who could access this deep knowledge.

Socratic Wisdom: Socrates famously said that true wisdom comes from knowing that one knows nothing. This humility and self-awareness are seen as core aspects of sapience—the ability to reflect critically on one’s own limitations and to pursue knowledge without assuming one already has it.

5. Sapience and Artificial Intelligence

As artificial intelligence continues to develop, the question of whether machines could ever achieve sapience arises. While many AI systems demonstrate remarkable abilities to process information and solve problems (which might mimic aspects of sapience), philosophers debate whether machines can truly possess wisdom, self-awareness, or moral judgment.

Strong AI vs. Weak AI: Weak AI refers to systems that can perform specific tasks but do not have genuine understanding or wisdom. Strong AI theorizes that machines could one day develop true sapience, becoming not just tools for human use but entities capable of reflective thought and ethical decision-making.

Ethical Implications: If machines were to become sapient, this would raise profound ethical questions about their rights, responsibilities, and their place in human society. Would sapient machines deserve the same moral consideration as humans?

6. Sapience and Moral Responsibility

Moral Agency: A key philosophical question related to sapience is whether sapience is required for moral responsibility. Beings with the capacity for reflective thought, self-awareness, and moral reasoning are often seen as responsible for their actions, as they can make choices based on reasoning and judgment.

Free Will and Sapience: The relationship between sapience and free will is another important topic. For some philosophers, sapience involves the ability to act freely, based on reasoned decisions rather than instinct or compulsion.

7. Sapience in Non-Human Animals

Philosophers and scientists debate whether certain non-human animals (such as dolphins, elephants, or great apes) might possess degrees of sapience. These animals have demonstrated behaviors that suggest problem-solving, self-awareness, and even moral behavior, leading to discussions about extending moral consideration to them.

Degrees of Sapience: Some argue that sapience exists on a continuum, with humans representing the highest degree of sapience, but other species potentially exhibiting lesser forms of wisdom and self-reflection.

8. Sapience and Existentialism

Existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre view sapience as central to the human experience. Sartre argued that humans are unique in their ability to reflect on their own existence and to make free choices in the face of an indifferent or even absurd universe.

This capacity for self-reflection and choice is both a source of freedom and a burden, as humans must create meaning and purpose in their lives without relying on external or predetermined systems of value. For existentialists, sapience is both the source of human dignity and the cause of existential anxiety.

9. Sapience and the Future

As humans develop new technologies and continue to explore the boundaries of knowledge, the concept of sapience is evolving. Philosophers consider what it means to be wise in an era of rapid technological change, where access to vast amounts of information may not always lead to wisdom or good judgment.

Transhumanism: Some thinkers speculate about the possibility of enhancing human sapience through technology. Transhumanism advocates for using science and technology to improve human intellectual and moral capacities, potentially leading to a future where humans achieve a higher form of sapience.

The philosophy of sapience examines the nature of wisdom, reflective thought, and higher-order reasoning. It encompasses questions about what distinguishes humans from other animals, the relationship between knowledge and judgment, and the moral implications of sapience. It also raises ethical concerns about the development of artificial sapience in machines and the potential for enhancing human intellectual capacities.

[aikoiya]

Many thanks! And actually, that would be very nice.

I definitely think that Nayru would probably have the most evocative bynames from those living in Lanayru due to the obvious connection & proximity to Mt. Lanayru. Something that I've been thinking about is that she'd be a goddess of all different sorts of wisdom. Meanwhile, she has 2 “apprentices” of sorts. 1 is Hylia, being her daughter, who would have a more natural tendency towards Sophia or theoretical/reflective wisdom, while the other would be Farore's eldest daughter, Karina (non-canon), who would lean more towards Phronesis or practical wisdom. Additionally, part of their initial training was that they needed to better embody the other type of wisdom: For Hylia, it was Phronesis & for Karina, it was Sophia.

Other than that, I would very much appreciate something like, “The Mistress of the Holy Mountain,” “The Mistress of the Sacred Spring,” or “The Lady of the Spring of Oracles.” Something to that effect. And anything else you can think of would definitely be nice to hear about. I'm sure you could come up with something interesting!

Though, I think a good title for Faron the dragon could be something that equates to “She Who Calls The Rain.” Like, her roar is what calls it. So, something like “La Hérautesse de la Giboulée Purificatrice” or “Hérautesse de la Giboulée Ablutionnante.” (I'm intending for, Heraldess of the Purifying Spring Shower or the Ablutionary April Shower. Or do you think it'd be best to just take out the descriptive adjectives?)

I was also thinking that I could make the water fairy of the Bank of Wishes into a Nixie, maybe one that takes more inspiration from the melusines than the other Great Fairies. Not sure if I mentioned this before. 😅

Anyway, much thanks! And so do I! It's been really fun trying to come up with names that fit in both meaning & sound.

I suppose you're right. Though, we could always just start a different conversation with me asking a different question or vise versa.

And I'm so glad to have helped! ✨️😁✨️

@aikoiya The post was getting long again so here's a new one!

I knew you were going to answer that saying "this is unfair" isn't real life logic haha (and I agree that life hasn't been fair to Sky and Sun anyway). It's just that such an ending would probably leave me feeling unsatisfied and even a bit robbed, and I think it would require a lot of other changes to be made to the story in order for it to work properly. But anyway you're right, as things are now this would just be happening behind the scenes so what I'm saying doesn't really make sense. But just thinking about it changes my perception of SS in a way I don't really enjoy, so it's not a theory I favor.

Yes in that setting I'm pretty sure that the other Sun would not make herself known to Link and Zelda and would let them have their happy ending. But I think Zelda would likely suspect her existence and know that something is wrong. I guess even Link could notice that the Temple's doors are suddenly open and would ask Impa a few questions.

I had no idea Tingle called Farore the Goddess of Wind in WW, so I went on a little quest to see if I could find the same quote in the French version of the game. Apparently it's in Tingle's description of Outset Island and I never had the chance to play with the Tingle Tuner mode. I can't find the same quote in French anywhere and I don't even know if this was included in the HD remake (I guess I'll have to wait for a Switch version to find out… if they ever release one). This has me wondering if this quote isn't something exclusive to the English version, but I can't be sure and I'd like to know what the original Japanese text says. The French wikis mention that Farore is the Goddess of Wind in WW but don't provide any quote, it just looks like the pages were translated from English but that they couldn't find the same quote in French. It's really frustrating!!

Anyway that's a bit weird because WW already establishes Zephos as the God of Wind, and he seems to be a minor deity compared to Farore. The way I see it, wind is just the element that Farore tends to be associated with, and since a lot of myths might have been lost with Hyrule in WW this could just be a mistake on Tingle's part. I mean this is the game that gave us the Golden Triumph Forks haha.

I'm not limiting Nayru/the Golden Goddesses to a singular domain, quite the opposite ^^ To me Nayru being the Goddess of Wisdom includes different concepts such as order, law, science, magic, etc., and even time (since she's introduced as the creator of the world's fondamental laws), while calling her the Goddess of Time doesn't include all of that. That's why I wrote that I found it a bit restrictive. But sure she could have both titles, the same way Farore could be known most commonly as the Goddess of Courage and also called the Goddess of Wind in some situations.

Oh I didn't think of the blocks from OoT! I would say though that they don't really use any time powers, they're just random blocks that appear or disappear for some reason when Link plays the Song of Time (it's just as absurd as playing the Song of Storms to open holes in the ground haha). But yes they were blue and associated with time, and of course Nayru is too. The difference with Hylia in my theory is that Nayru created the rules of time (if that makes sense) among other fundamental laws, while Hylia's power specifically allows her to manipulate time and foresee the future. In a way I see Hylia as Nayru's spiritual daughter who inherited some of her powers over time (and that's why the color purple she's represented with is very close to blue).

The Master Sword has also been depicted as either blue or purple though, so that asks the question of the true color of all of these things! Nayru is definitely linked to time so it makes sense that the timeshift stones are in Lanayru (and Hylia also doesn't have a province named after her).

"From the edge of time" could definitely just be a poetic way to say that Hylia kind of recorded a message for Link before dying haha. But I find it interesting that she would phrase it like that, I like to see it as a clue.

Well if Zelda simply sent Link to a point further back in time, wouldn't there be two Links existing at the same time in the Child Timeline? But sure Zelda creating a brand new timeline also raises a few questions that kind of... make my head hurt. I'm not sure what happens exactly, I've always wondered! All we know is that Link finds himself in the Master Sword's chamber with the Door of Time already open, which hints at things happening in a different way this time (because he definitely doesn't have the three spiritual stones and the Ocarina of Time yet since this is before Ganon's coup, and the ending seems to imply that this timeline's Zelda doesn't know him yet). That's why I believe Zelda might have done something a bit more complex than sending him to a point further back in time, but there's no way to be sure. The Triforce of Courage is also visible on Link's hand during the ending, and we also know thanks to TP that the Triforce is still separated in the Child Timeline despite Link and Zelda preventing Ganon from entering the Sacred Realm this time. So maybe Zelda isn't able to change everything? It's complicated haha.

Anyway, whether OoT Zelda creates a new timeline or just sends Link further back in time, that's still huge time powers and that's not something Link is able to do by playing Zelda's Lullaby.

I also believe it is more likely that Talon inherited the ranch. True, Talon might not always have been so lazy, but maybe if that was the case the game could have hinted at hit. All we know is that he leaves his daughter alone with Ingo and only comes back after Link deals with the situation, which does not make him look so great. And he only promises to work harder after that.

I'm kind of bad with names so I'm impressed you're going through all of that trouble to rename the settlements!!

I haven't gotten to developping the technology that much yet, but I'm really interested in seeing what the different races could do with it! I love the idea of using the Sheikah to infiltrate the Yiga bases. I wish TotK had done something like that and shown the Sheikah helping Link that way.

Same, I was so excited when I heard about these pirates… and then so disappointed to find nothing more than a bunch of bokos with no backstory.

Vignoble is not related to noble (though I kind of make the association in my mind, especially since vignobles are sometimes called châteaux).

Yes I thought you could maybe use clos! Aquaticlos is funny, it can work! Though maybe you could use the same logic as for the raisins (I love this Raisins de Terre idea by the way, it makes sense!) and say that what the Zoras call a clos already refers to something that's underwater, since that's probably the case for most of what they cultivate.

I don't mind helping you with French, I'm glad to do so! You put so much effort and thought into this, it's really interesting.

[chicago-geniza]

Friend took my measurements and gave me a bunch of phenomenally well-made clothes that actually fit and for possibly the first time since I was 12 years old I saw a photo of myself where I looked objectively chubby (as opposed to, like, dysmorphically so) and instead of having a meltdown about it I just kind of went. "OK, that's what I look like [shrug emoji]" then opened a new tab and started reading about whether the enkratic [strong-willed] person can possess the virtue of phronesis [practical wisdom] according to Aristotle. Getting into philosophy was the final nail in the coffin of my thrice-cursed eating disorder after HRT, surgery, and, uh, food security lol

[metaphornik]

Potemkin wisdoms, phronesis and Pixar: How wise sayings protect us from meaning

Potemkin wisdoms, phronesis and Pixar: How wise sayings protect us from meaning

Potemkin wisdoms: Epistemology according to Pixar

Potemkin wisdoms, phronesis and Pixar: How complex ideas summarised protect us from change

TL;DR

This is an exploration of the difference between wisdom and practical wisdom (phronesis) triggered by this quote from a talk by Ed Catmull:

“Once one can articulate an important idea into a concise statement, then one can use this statement, and not…