#Stephen V Cole

[oldschoolfrp]

Battle at the Ziggurat -- David Menehan's cover for Prime Directive: The Star Fleet Universe Role-Playing Game, by Task Force Games, designed by Timothy D Olsen and Mark Costello (1993).

Prime Directive obviously is a Star Trek RPG, but one that does not mention "Star Trek" by name. It was published under the same license as Star Fleet Battles, granted to Stephen V Cole's Amarillo Design Bureau in the late 1970s by Franz Joseph, creator of the 1975 Star Fleet Technical Manual.

Like Star Fleet Battles, Prime Directive is focused on military actions. Player characters are members of a Federation Prime Team, an elite special forces unit assigned to the most dangerous missions.

Prime Directive describes a United Federation of Planets, phasers, and Vulcans, but you won't find Kirk or the Enterprise in this book, even in its detailed Star Fleet Universe Timeline. For that you need Star Trek: The Role Playing Game by FASA (1982-89), based directly on the original series, animated series, and first movie.

From Prime Directive:

[cobalt-knave]

Tag game by @genxrocker! Pick a song for each letter of your URL, and then tag that many people!

Thanks for the tag @thewrongshop!

C - Crossfire by Stephen

O - Old King Cole by The Mechanisms

B - Bury Me Low by 8 Graves

A - Another Cog In The Machine by The Cog Is Dead

L - Last Saskatchewan Pirate by the Derina Harvey Band

T - Torture Tango from Spies Are Forever

K - Kids In America by Kim Wilde

N - Noel's Lament by annapantsu

A - An Unhealthy Obsession by Blake Robinson Synthetic Orchestra

V - Villains pt 1 by Emma Blackery

E - Eat Your Young by Hozier (fun fact, for some reason, this is one of the few songs that I can listen to while writing, so my "writing playlist" is just different covers of Eat Your Young)

tagging @lucymason217 @generic-internet-name @leochantisallspiders @the-poppy-outie-effect

[medievalandfantasymelee]

Hot Medieval and Fantasy Men Melee Masterpost

Qualifying Round

Day 1

Guy of Gisborne [Michael Wincott] VS. Guy of Gisburne [Robert Addie]

King Arthur [Graham Chapman] VS. Robin Hood [Richard Todd]

Antonius Block [Max von Sydow] VS. Arman [Matvey Lykov]

Edward III [Blake Ritson] VS. Ivanhoe [Anthony Andrews]

Edward the Black Prince [James Purefoy] VS. Henry Tudor [Luke Treadaway]

Pero Tovar [Pedro Pascal] VS. Sir Thomas Grey [Nigel Terry]

Richard III [Benedict Cumberbatch] VS. Edward IV [Max Irons]

Éomer [Karl Urban] VS. Gimli [John Rhys Davies]

Elrond Half-Elven [Hugo Weaving] VS. Elrond Half-Elven [Robert Aramayo]

Carlos I [Álvaro Cervantes] VS. Mr. Tumnus [James McAvoy]

Niccolò Machiavelli [Julian Bleach] VS. Niccolò Machiavelli [Thibaud Evrard]

The Sheriff of Nottingham [Alan Wheatley] VS. Finan [Mark Rowley]

Guy of Gisbourne [Basil Rathbone] VS. Nasir [Mark Ryan]

William Thatcher [Heath Ledger] VS. King Arthur [Charlie Hunnam]

Darkness [Tim Curry] VS. Zbyszko z Bogdanca [Mieczyslaw Kalenik]

King Vortigern [Jude Law] VS. Uther Pendragon [Anthony Stewart Head]

Corlys Velaryon [Steve Toussaint] VS. Simon Aumar [Justice Smith]

Asbjörn [Tom Hopper] VS. Connor MacLeod [Christopher Lambert]

Hamlet [Christopher Plummer] VS. Mat Cauthon [Donal Finn]

Ned Stark [Sean Bean] VS. Lurtz [Lawrence Makoare]

~~~

Day 2

Dong Yilong [Henry Lau] VS. Frodo Baggins [Elijah Wood]

King Ecbert [Linus Roache] VS. Bofur [James Nesbitt]

Beowulf [Gerard Butler] VS. Henry V [Kenneth Brannagh]

King Arthur [Sean Connery] VS. Robin Hood [Sean Connery]

Thorin Oakenshield [Richard Armitage] VS. Thierry of Janville [Jean-Claude Drouot]

Björn Ironside [Alexander Ludwig] VS. Hamlet [Laurence Olivier]

Martin [Rutger Hauer] VS. Criston Cole [Fabien Frankel]

Bard the Bowman [Luke Evans] VS. Perrin Aybara [Marcus Rutherford]

Leofric [Adrian Bower] VS. King Marke [Rufus Sewell]

Miles Hendon [Errol Flynn] VS. Amleth [Alexander Skarsgård]

Jorah Mormont [Iain Glen] VS. Little John [Nicol Williamson]

Odda the Elder [Simon Kunz] VS. Barristan Selmy [Ian McIlhinney]

King Arthur [Nigel Terry] VS. Nicodemus Ravens [Jakob Oftebro]

Brian de Bois-Guilbert [Sam Neill] VS. Brian de Bois-Guilbert [Ciaran Hinds]

Edward I [Stephen Dillane] VS. Robert the Bruce [Chris Pine]

Prince Charmont [Hugh Dancy] VS. Galessin [Alexis Hénon]

King Arthur [Richard Harris] VS. Ulrich von Jungingen [Stanislaw Jasiukiewicz]

Brother Cadfael [Derek Jacobi] VS. Thomas Beckett [Richard Burton]

Father Beocca [Ian Hart] VS. The Mayor of Hamelin [Claude Rains]

Bronn [Jerome Flynn] VS. Mikoláš Kozlík [František Velecký]

~~~

Day 3

Balian de Ibelin [Orlando Bloom] VS. Athelstan [George Blagden]

[brknmnds]

Muse list

Stranger things

Eddie Munson

Billy Hargrove

Steve Harrington

Chrissy Cunningham

Henry Creel

Jonathan Byers

Stephen King's IT

Henry Bowers

Patrick Hockstetter

Reginald 'Belch' Huggins

Victor 'Vic' Criss

The Lost Boys

David

Dwayne

Marko

Paul

Edgar Frog

Alan Frog

Sons of Anarchy

Happy Lowman

Alexander 'Tig' Trager

Child Play

Charles Lee Ray

Scream

Billy Loomis

Stu Macher

Crazy Fun Park

Remus

Zed - Trial

Gonzo - Trial

American Horror Story

Michael Langdon

Tate Langdon

Original Characters

Olivia Bowers - IT

Frankie Bates

Violet Bates

Hestia Wolfe || HP verse

Faustian Wolfe || HP verse

Cornelius 'CJ' Jamieson - Good Omens

Jimmy Cunningham - Stranger Things

Adelia Brooks - Crazy fun park

Maximus Grant - Crazy fun park

Colette 'Cole' Murphy

Aleksandr Volkov

Polaris Snow - The Hunger Games

Avery Hart

Ástríðr Svendottir

Hati Greyback - Harry Potter

Lucas Wesley James

Aiden Sullivan

Elijah Crane - DC Batman

Silas Hawthorne

Sophie Thatcher

Baelon Targaryen - HOTD

Amelia Beaufort - Walking Dead

Skylar Evans

Harry Potter

Tom Riddle

Regulus Black

Draco Malfoy

Lucius Malfoy

Blaise Zabini

Vikings

Ivar The Boneless

Sigurd 'Siggy' Lothbrok

Hvitserk Lothbrok

Floki

Mythology

Angrboða

Jörmungandr

Hati

Skoll

Thrúd

Iðunn

Skaði

Loki

Týr

House of the Dragons

Aegon Targaryen II

Daemon Targayen

Nettles

Alys Rivers

Laenor Velaryon

Outer Banks

Rafe Cameron

JJ Maybanks

Divergent series

Eric Coulter

The Invitation

Walter De Ville

Julie and the Phantoms

Alex Mercer

Gen V

Maverick

Sam Riordan

Jordan Li

Hunger Games: The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes

Coriolanus Snow

Tigris Snow

Batman

Jack Napier - Pre - The Joker

Jonathan Crane

Jervis Tetch

House of 1000 corpses

Otis Driftwood

Fargo

Gator Tillman

Fear the Walking Dead - Season 3 and before

Nick Clark

Troy Otto

Qaletaqa Walker

Baldurs Gate

The Dark Urge - Zion

Assassin Creed: Valhalla

Eivor Varinsdottir

Farcry 5

Joseph Seed

Jacob Seed

John Seed

[blackfemmecharacterdependency]

Black Femme Character Dependency Dark Skin Directory || Entertainers Pt.2 (O-Z)

O

Octavia Spencer | Ola Ray |  Olunike Adeliyi |  Olivia Sang |  Omono Okojie |  Oprah Winfrey |  Oyin Oladejo |  Ozioma Akagha  

P

Patina Miller | Philomena Kwao |  Phina Oruche | Phylicia Benn |  Phylicia Rashad |  Pippa Bennett Warner |  Precious Adams | Precious Mustapha |  Pretty Tye  

Q

Queen Quet |  Quiana Welch |  Quinta Brunson |  Quvenzhane Wallis  

R

Raigan Harris |  Rashida Renée | Reagan Gomez |  Regina King |  Regina Van Helvert |  Renee Elise Goldsberry |  Retta |  Riele Downs |  Ronke Adekoluejo |  Rose Jackson | Ruth (IAmBabeRuth/BabeRuthTV) |  Rutina Wesley |  Ryan Destiny

S

Saidah Arrika Ekulona |  Samantha Liana Cole |  Samantha Marie Ware | Sandra Dede (sandramabelle) | Saniyya Sidney |  Sara Martins |  Sasha Lambon |  Sasheer Zamata |  Sese Madaki Ali | Shahadi Wright Joseph |  Shanice Williams |  Shannon Thornton |  Sharon Duncan Brewster |  Sharon Ferguson |   Sharon Pierre-Louis |  Shea Couleé | Sherri Shepherd | Sheryl Lee Ralph | Shyko Amos |  Sibongile Mlambo |  Sierra McClain |  Simbi Khali |  Simona Brown |  Simone Biles |  Simone Missick |  Sindi-Dlathu |  Skai Jackson |  Skye P. Marshall |  Sokhna Cisse |  Sokhna Niane | Sonya Eddy | Sophia Walker | Stefanee Martin |  Stella Okech |  Subah Koj |  Sufe Bradshaw |  Susan Wokoma |  Symphony Sanders  

T

T’Nia Miller |  Tamara Dobson | Tamara Lawrance |  Tamera Mclaughlin (ayethatsmera) Dwarfism Community | Tanerélle |  Tanedra Howard |   Tanisha Scott |  Tanya Moodie |  Tanyell Waivers |  Taral Hicks |  Tarana Burke |  Tempestt Bledsoe |   Tenika Davis | Teresa Graves |  Terri J. Vaughn |  Teshi Thomas |  Teyonah Parris | Theresa Fractale | Thishiwe Ziqubu |  Tichina Arnold | Tiffany Mann | Tonya Pinkens |  Tracey Ifeachor |  Tricia Akello | Trina McGee |  Trina Parks |  Tyra Ferrell |

U-V

Vanessa Bell Calloway |  Vanessa Lee Chester |  Vanessa Gyimah | Vanessa Nakat |   Vanesu Samunyai (Kyo Ra) | Vanessa Estelle Williams |  Vaneza Oliveira |  Veronica S. Taylor |  Viola Davis |  Vivica Ifeoma  

W

Wakeema Hollis |  Whitney Houston |  Whoopi Goldberg |  Wunmi Mosaku  

X

Xosha Roquemore  

Y

Yaani King | Yacine Diop | Yandeh Sallah | YanjuSoFine (Yanju Stephens/Adeyanju Adeleleke) | Yanna McIntosh |  Yaya Dacosta |  Yaz |  Yetide Badaki |    Yolonda Ross    |  Yusra Warsama |  Yvonne Okoro | Yvonne Orji

Z

Zainab Johnson |  Zelda Harris |  Zenobia |  Zethu Dlomo |  Zhariah Hubbard | Ziwe Fumudoh |  Zola Williams |   Zozibini Tunzi

#to add to darkskin directory  

[mirandamckenni1]

Can a Particle Be Neither Matter Nor Force? Get NordVPN 2Y plan + 4 months extra + up to 20Gb Saily data here ➼ https://ift.tt/h52ukC8 It’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://ift.tt/W4TJPFa Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://ift.tt/cNJmpoR All particles belong to two large groups: fermions like protons and electrons make everything we consider "matter", while bosons like photons and gluons transmit the fundamental forces. And that about covers the universe: matter moving through space and time under the action of forces. But what if we could create particles in between these two possibilities. Physics says these neither matter nor force anyons can exist, and they may have some pretty incredible uses. They’re called anyons. PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:https://ift.tt/g6LFC0m Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://ift.tt/fbUeHpv Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://ift.tt/0jFs1w2 Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Fernando Franco Félix & Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Sponsors First Principles Foundation John Sronce Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Mark Rosenthal Quasar Sponsors Grace Biaelcki Glenn Sugden Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox J. Tyacke Mark Heising Hypernova Sponsors Michael Tidwell Chris Webb David Giltinan Ivari Tölp Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Alex Kern Bradley Voorhees Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков Robert Ilardi John R. Slavik Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner Chuck Zegar Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Sponsors Neil Moore Robin Sur Arko Provo Mukherjee Mike Purvis Christopher Wade Anthony Crossland Grace Seraph Parliament Stephen Saslow Robert DeChellis Tomaz Lovsin Anthony Leon Leonardo Schulthais Senna Lori Ferris Dennis Van Hoof Koen Wilde Nicolas Katsantonis Joe Pavlovic Justin Lloyd Chuck Lukaszewski Cole B Combs Andrea Galvagni Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma John Anderson Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story Teng Guo Harsh Khandhadia Matt Quinn Michael Lev Rad Antonov Terje Vold James Trimmier Jeremy Soller Paul Wood Kent Durham Jim Bartosh John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Daniel Jennings Russ Creech Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Isaac Suttell Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Frederic Simon John Robinson Jim Hudson Alex Gan John Funai Adrien Molyneux Bradley Jenkins Amy Hickman Vlad Shipulin Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Dan Warren Joseph Salomone Patrick Sutton Julien Dubois via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26ZmKqLNSZ8

[ulkaralakbarova]

A young man leaves Ireland with his landlord’s daughter after some trouble with her father, and they dream of owning land at the big giveaway in Oklahoma ca. 1893. When they get to the new land, they find jobs and begin saving money. The man becomes a local barehands boxer, and rides in glory until he is beaten, then his employers steal all the couple’s money and they must fight off starvation in the winter, and try to keep their dream of owning land alive. Meanwhile, the woman’s parents find out where she has gone and have come to America to find her and take her back. Credits: TheMovieDb. Film Cast: Joseph Donnelly: Tom Cruise Shannon Christie: Nicole Kidman Stephen Chase: Thomas Gibson Daniel Christie: Robert Prosky Nora Christie: Barbara Babcock Danty Duff: Cyril Cusack Mary Kay: Eileen Pollock Kelly: Colm Meaney Dermody: Douglas Gillison Grace: Michelle Johnson Bourke: Wayne Grace Joe Donnelly: Niall Tóibín Paddy Donnelly: Jared Harris Colm Donnelly: Steven O’Donnell McGuire: Barry McGovern Gordon: Gary Lee Davis Farmer: Peadar Lamb Peasant: Mark Mulholland Peasant: P.J. Brady Landlord: Wesley Murphy Priest: Jimmy Keogh Villager: J.G. Devlin Villager: Gerry Walsh Tavern Keeper: Brendan Cauldwell Peter: Derry Power Matthew: Noel O’Donovan John: Macdara Ó Fátharta Lady: Eileen Colgan Lady: Kate Flynn Lady: Joan O’Hara Map Vendor: Frankie McCafferty Hat Vendor: Poll Moussoulides Irish Vendor: Pat Kinevane Flag Vendor: Donncha Crowley Fruit Vendor: Tim McDonnell Thug: Todd Hallowell Thug: Ken McCluskey Rebel Leader: Brendan Ellis Flynn: Clint Howard Coniff: Jeffrey Andrews Glenna: Judith McIntyre Olive: Rynagh O’Grady Lamplighter: Martin Ewen Social Club Policeman: Brendan Gleeson Doctor: Frank Coughlan Crew Boss: Hoke Howell Old Man: Arnold Kuenning Immigrant: Rocco Sisto Immigrant: Michael Rudd Railworker: Donré Sampson Derelict: Harry Webster Officer: Mark Wheeler Tomlin: Rance Howard Blacksmith: William Preston Prostitute: Pauline McLynn Prostitute: Joanne McAteer Prostitute: Cara Wilder Prostitute: Aedin Moloney Piano Playing Prostitute: Helen Montague Boxer: John-Clay Scott Boxer: Clay M. Lilley Boxer: Cole S. McKay Boxer: James Jude Courtney Boxer: Jeff Ramsey Boxer: Anthony De Longis Boxer: Carl Ciarfalio Bigoted Man: Tim Monich Boston Maid: Alecia LaRue Turner: Ian Elliot Social Club Thug: Bobby Huber Social Club Woman: Julie Rowen Social Club Woman: Louisa Marie Henchman: Brian Munn Honest Bob: Bob Dolman I.M. Malone: Phillip V. Caruso Immigration Policeman: Tom Lucy Dancing Girl (uncredited): Kris Murphy Film Crew: Original Music Composer: John Williams Producer: Brian Grazer Costume Design: Joanna Johnston Producer: Ron Howard Editor: Daniel P. Hanley Editor: Mike Hill Animal Coordinator: Greg Powell Screenplay: Bob Dolman Stunts: Tony Brubaker Stunt Coordinator: Walter Scott Director of Photography: Mikael Salomon Stunts: Corey Michael Eubanks Stunts: Gary Powell Movie Reviews:

[sleduj-ant-man-celyfilm-czdabing]

[HD] Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania celý film (2022) cz a Zdarma dabing Online

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Kde můžeme zhlédnout film Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022) s českými titulky a českým dabingem? A také zdarma a bez registrace? S HD kvalitou 1080p, 720p, 420p a Mp4? Odpověď Nyní si zde můžete jednoduše pustit film Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022).

| 4K UHD | 1080P FULL HD | 720P HD | MKV | MP4 | DVD | Blu-Ray |

Sledujte V HD: Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022) — Celý Film Online

O filmu Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022)

Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania je připravovaný film, který natočí režisér James Cameron. Jde o první ze čtyř plánovaných sequelů Cameronova snímku Avatar (2009). Cameron již v roce 2006, tedy tři roky před premiérou prvního filmu, uvedl, že pokud bude úspěšný, natočí i sequel. Ten byl oficiálně oznámen v roce 2010. Původně bylo plánováno, že bude mít premiéru v roce 2014. Později bylo však jeho uvedení odloženo. Jeho vydání je naplánováno na 16. prosinec roku 2022.[2] Předběžné natáčení filmu začalo dne 15. srpna 2017 v kalifornském městě Manhattan Beach. Ve filmu budou hrát například Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana a Cliff Curtis.

Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania

USA Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania

Slovensko Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania

Kanada Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania

Akční / Dobrodružný / Sci-Fi

USA, 2022, 193 min

Režie: James Cameron

Scénář: James Cameron, Josh Friedman

Kamera: Russell Carpenter

Hudba: Simon Franglen

Hrají: Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldana, Sigourney Weaver, Stephen Lang, Kate Winslet, Oona Chaplin, Joel David Moore, Cliff Curtis, CCH Pounder, Matt Gerald, Bailey Bass, Scarlett Fernandez, Giovanni Ribisi, Keston John, Jamie Flatters, Jack Champion, Trinity Bliss, Jake McLean, Chloe Coleman, Britain Dalton, Edie Falco, Michelle Yeoh, Filip Geljo, Duane Evans Jr. (méně)

Produkce: James Cameron, Jon Landau

Střih: David Brenner, James Cameron, John Refoua, Stephen E. Rivkin, Ian Silverstein

Zvuk: Christopher Boyes

Scénografie: Dylan Cole, Ben Procter, Ben Milsom, Andy McLaren, Vanessa Cole

Masky: Sarah Rubano

Kostýmy: Bob Buck, Deborah Lynn Scott

Synopse Filmy Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022)

Film "Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania", odehrávající se více než deset let po událostech prvního filmu, začíná vyprávět příběh rodiny Sully (Jake, Neytiri a jejich děti), problémy, které je pronásledují, jak dlouho jdou. aby se navzájem udrželi v bezpečí, bitvy, které bojují, aby zůstali naživu, a tragédie, které snášejí.

Obsahy Filmy Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022)

Film Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania nabízí filmový zážitek na zcela nové úrovni. James Cameron vrátí diváky zpět do nádherného světa Pandory ve velkolepém a strhujícím dobrodružství plném akce. Ve filmu Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania se po více jak deseti letech znovu setkáváme s Jackem Sully, Neytiri a jejich dětmi, kteří stále bojují za to, aby se udrželi v bezpečí a naživu. (Falcon)

Jake Sully (Sam Worthington) a Neytiri (Zoe Saldana) založili rodinu a udělají cokoliv, aby spolu zůstali. Jsou však nuceni opustit svůj domov a prozkoumat různé oblasti Pandory, když se jejich stará hrozba vrátí, aby dokončila to, co začala. (TommyZR)

Datum vydání Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022)

Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022) má premiéru v kinech od 15.12.2022 a o den později je výše uvedený odkaz dostupný také na streamovacích službách.

Kde můžete zhlédnout film Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022)?

Odpověď je na našich stránkách, protože naše stránky nabízejí širokou škálu filmů, dramat a televizních seriálů, nejnovějších i starších. Existuje mnoho různých typů filmových žánrů, včetně akce, romantiky, hororu, thrilleru, sci-fi, anime, dramatu a televizních seriálů. Takže pokud máte zájem, klikněte na odkaz výše.

Děkujeme za návštěvu

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Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022) celý film Český

Ant-Man a Wasp: Quantumania (2022) Filmové premiéry

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[musemash]

CELEBRATING THE 25 DAYS OF CHRISTMAS – intro by David D. Fowler, the Canuck Crank – playlist by Aeon 999, the Lone Antifa – updated & expanded Jan 18, 2023

Most everyone in this culture has heard The Twelve Days Of Christmas way too many times. It's played to death during this season, and ain't exactly my favourite Xmas ditty; but it does serve as a good reminder that this grandest of all holidays should properly be marked by more than one paltry day. So I have evolved a perfectly logical way to extend my personal revelries to a foolhardy extreme.

It's well known that Protestants and Catholics honour 12 days, from December 25 to January 5. Less well known is the fact that Eastern Orthodox believers mark the occasion from January 7 to 18. So some years ago, I had a brain wave: Why not combine the two traditions into one big blowout, lasting 25 days? Being a non-denominational believer has its advantages!

Accordingly, if y'all wanna prolong your celebrations in like manner, MFF is here to help with links to many highly entertaining resources, designed to enhance your own private 25 Days Of Christmas – by offering access to well over 250 carefully curated festive videos. They start in this post, and continue in the newly revised and updated editions of our best previous holiday posts.

You can watch complete editions of A CHRISTMAS CAROL, HANDEL’S MESSIAH, IT’S A WONDERFUL LIFE, THE NIGHTMARE BEFORE CHRISTMAS, THE POLAR EXPRESS, THE FOURTH WISE MAN,  THE SNOW QUEEN, BACH’S CHRISTMAS ORATORIO, THE NUTCRACKER BALLET, A CHILD'S CHRISTMAS IN WALES, RUDOLPH THE REINDEER, and HOW THE GRINCH STOLE CHRISTMAS.

We also feature a wide variety of comedy, ranging from MONTY PYTHON, STEPHEN COLBERT, LAUREL & HARDY, ROWAN ATKINSON, CHARLIE CHAPLIN, SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE, and BETTY BOOP, to PORKY PIG, STEVE MARTIN, the MUPPETS, the BEATLES, DAFFY DUCK, HOME ALONE, the PEANUTS GANG, JIMMY KIMMEL, and lots of cartoon SANTAS.

As for music, you can enjoy everything from ELVIS PRESLEY, BOB DYLAN, BARBRA STREISAND, JOHNNY CASH, BJORK, LOREENA McKENNITT, FRANK SINATRA, PRINCE, and ANNIE LENNOX, to LUCIANO PAVAROTTI, BILLIE HOLIDAY, CELINE DION, KATE BUSH, EMMYLOU HARRIS, DAVID BOWIE, DOLORES O'RIORDAN, JOAN BAEZ, CAROLYN ARENDS, and NAT KING COLE.

So we cordially invite y'all to enjoy MFF's YULETIDE CORNUCOPIA. The following items provide a good cross-section of the kind of stuff we like; and the links in the bottom section go to our earlier posts. We especially draw your attention to our 2020 epic, JOYFUL CHRIST MASS AMID A CATASTROPHIC YEAR. As Elvis was fond of saying: MURRY KRIMMUS to y'all, muh friends.

Naughty Or Nice 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3mFDXl4KQE O Holy Night 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3YBq0QWmbU Mary, Did You Know? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1DZA_TdBBI God Rest Ye Merry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3b3WjMhtuNo All I Want for Xmas Is A Movie Mashup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=crMryxgCg-s Philomena Cunk's Xmas Moments Of Wonder https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNA6b66bILk Dave Cooks The Turkey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WSBcJ5LpOw The Hanukkah Song #4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFcbF4flCT4 Theme Time: Xmas Extravaganza https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXN0A_htsWY Best Christmas Superhero Movies https://www.cbr.com/best-christmas-superhero-movies-batman-returns-iron-man-3/ Neil Gaiman's Christmas Carol https://www.nypl.org/blog/2019/12/19/listen-neil-gaiman-reads-christmas-carol The Queen's Xmas Broadcast 1957 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBRP-o6Q85s Beatles Xmas Messages https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpztFevztnk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwW8KMy9Nn0 https://www.culturesonar.com/merry-christmas-from-the-beatles/ The King's First Speech 2022 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JW7PV8cfiiM 2,000 Miles https://vimeo.com/248782483 All Alone On Christmas 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfkdbGQE1xc Father Christmas & The Goblins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1kjPAiP_5M ------------------------------------------------------------------- Naughty Or Nice 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5McMPNr24g Bad Santa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQvaoRScND4 The Season's Upon Us https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTx-sdR6Yzk Father Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPPCPqDINEk The 12 Pains Of Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dB08UdIpHR8 Twisted Silver Bells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHAsw_aswlM A Very Shining Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVGnyOkQiY4 A Lehrer Christmas Carol https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtZR3lJobjw The Night Santa Went Crazy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSs3FyeThM0 Violent Night https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a53e4HHnx_s The War On Christmas 2022 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sjj4cxvLtSU Christmastime For The Jews https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGzO1ghRKp4 A Very Goldblum Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IwnMZdOBF64 Bob Dylan Sings Jingle Bells https://www.facebook.com/watch/?ref=search&v=1898663183799810 The Best Christmas Pageant Ever https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icZwm6Aact8 Christmas Movie Supercut https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhDBwy_rJTI New Year's Day 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sDr9B5sQi0g ------------------------------------------------------------------- Naughty Or Nice 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG8rYm_vuho Yes, Mary Fricken Well Knew https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqLz8nGdOn4 The Only Xmas Carols That Are Any Good http://www.blairthornburgh.com/the-only-christmas-carols-that-are-any-good-a-definitive-and-absolute-list-fight-me/ Xmas Songs Banned In The Past https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/637970/banned-christmas-songs-past Ayn Rand's Rudolph The Reindeer https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/ayn-rand-writes-rudolph-the-red-nosed-reindeer Black Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISfeVysYBYE Liberace Christmas Medley https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8HLMW5wU4M Linus & Lucy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00gXEn1ehDg The Mouse Family Christmas https://terryscotttaylor.bandcamp.com/album/a-mouse-family-christmas-the-christmas-miracle Nazareth: A Hamilton Parody https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wInPtkpjnZ8 Downey's River https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxjQfFsQKuw Christmas Lullaby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqbOCmFQkKQ Orson Welles' Christmas Carol https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gJ3jINcTR0 Best Christmas Movie Moments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBJWo_91noA Christmas Every Day https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpkAtfIkgic New Year's Day 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8QV5fa7xa4 A Year At The Movies In 30 Minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kiROS9hHrRI https://oblations.blogspot.com/2022/12/a-year-at-movies-in-half-hour.html ------------------------------------------------------------------- Naughty Or Nice 4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_oebgwJioU Merry Christmas To The World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dsx8Py3F0g8 A Nightingale Sang / Joy To The World https://www.facebook.com/perlabatallamusic/videos/1270196156882103 My First Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AR7dFVolk58 Follow The Star: The Great Invitation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uglkRXWOZak Strange Wonders https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_RLQ1LvT4c&list=OLAK5uy_mVZPB8ztABkZen-kwf6_wXuaMXi2wFZSo Magnificat: Mary's Prayer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-Hrrw_FAyU The Chosen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tZ7cg4D_z8 Is Bethlehem Too Far Away? https://www.facebook.com/watch?v=830848780811630 The Heart Of NIght (Christ Is Born) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWZzL7NlD0I The Holly And The Ivy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ck5Xw9I1FdE Hope Awakes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoaCRtrA8A8 All Alone On Christmas 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcVcshPvTzQ Praise The Lord, My Soul https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmhUPuiTpPg 12 Minutes Of Christmas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55icTnuEFNQ O Holy Night 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Sco6ndMNkY New Year's Day 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKZa4IYT-oI Auld Lang Syne https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fAG2yv-o5A

JOYFUL CHRIST MASS AMID A CATASTROPHIC YEAR https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/638702098005016576/image-gallery-1-gods-favorite-ornament-2-the GHOST OF TREASONS PAST https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/671325173472018432/xmas-2021-trilogy-part-1-ghost-of-treasons-past GHOST OF CHRISTMAS PRESENTS https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/671325487007776768/xmas-2021-trilogy-part-2-ghost-of-christmas GHOST OF SAVIOR FUTURE https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/671325758462083072/xmas-2021-trilogy-part-3-ghost-of-savior-future JESUS: THE TRUE MYTH VS ATHEIST FAN FICTION https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/154953263965/jesus-the-true-myth-vs-atheist-fan-fiction-by HAVE YOURSELF AN ORTHODOX LITTLE CHRISTMAS https://musemash.tumblr.com/post/672791046078578688/happy-new-year-friends-mff-offers-our-earnest

Credit: Image #4 JOSE Y MARIA by Everett Patterson

[tmorganart]

"Originalism’s Charade"

David Cole

Two new books make a devastating case against claims that the Constitution should be interpreted on the basis of its purported “original meaning.”

November 24, 2022 issue

https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2022/11/24/originalisms-charade-worse-than-nothing-chemerinsky/

The Supreme Court’s decision in June 2022 to overrule Roe v. Wade and erase the constitutional right to abortion was the culmination of a half-century-long campaign by activists, politicians, scholars, lawyers, and judges that began almost as soon as Roe was decided in 1973. That campaign had many components, but at its jurisprudential core was an interpretive method known as originalism. Advanced most influentially by Robert Bork and Antonin Scalia, two law professors turned judges, originalism contends that the Constitution should be interpreted and enforced on the basis of its “original meaning,” namely what it meant when it was adopted. This theory rejects the idea that constitutional norms can evolve through judicial decision-making; the only legitimate way to update constitutional law, its proponents insist, is to amend the Constitution, a process requiring supermajorities in Congress and the states that are virtually impossible to achieve.

When the Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization declared Roe “egregiously wrong,” its reasoning rested squarely on originalism. The Court in Roe had held that outlawing abortion infringed the Fourteenth Amendment’s prohibition on “depriv[ing] any person of…liberty…without due process of law.” That couldn’t be right, five justices in Dobbs concluded, because abortion was a crime in most states when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted in 1868, and there was no evidence that those who drafted or ratified it understood it to invalidate those laws. Since the amendment did not have that meaning then, it cannot have that meaning now.

There is a certain appeal to originalism. At a time when the world seems increasingly complicated, originalism, like other forms of fundamentalism, promises simple answers. At a time when distrust of institutions, including courts, is high, originalism purports to tie judges’ hands. And in a divided nation that no longer seems to have shared values, originalism directs courts to enforce the understandings of a presumably more cohesive past. Originalism accords with how judges interpret contracts, enforcing their terms as they were understood at the time they were agreed to. And any other approach, originalists insist, leaves judges free to impose their own personal views on the rest of us—“legislating from the bench.”

But the simplicity and objectivity that originalism promises are a charade. In Worse Than Nothing, Erwin Chemerinsky, the dean of the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law and one of the nation’s leading constitutional scholars, offers a concise, point-by-point refutation of the theory. He argues that it cannot deliver what it promises—and if it could, no one would want what it is selling. Many eminent scholars and jurists have previously exposed originalism’s flaws, including Ronald Dworkin, Stephen Breyer, John Hart Ely, and Bruce Ackerman, but few have done so as clearly, succinctly, and persuasively as Chemerinsky.

The problems begin with originalism’s principal claim, namely that it constrains judges more meaningfully than other modes of interpretation. Chemerinsky convincingly shows that for multiple reasons, originalism leaves as much room for judgment as other theories of constitutional interpretation.

Originalists must first decide which historical evidence counts, and as every historian knows, that requires a great deal of judgment. Early versions of originalism referred to the “original intent” of the framers, but little evidence of their intent exists. The records of the Constitutional Convention are sparse; we are left largely to rely on James Madison’s notes, but their objectivity has been questioned. As Justice Robert Jackson quipped:

Just what our forefathers did envision, or would have envisioned had they foreseen modern conditions, must be divined from materials almost as enigmatic as the dreams Joseph was called upon to interpret for Pharaoh.

Furthermore, even if we could know precisely what went on behind the closed doors of the Constitutional Convention, the framers did not have authority to bind the nation themselves. The Constitution took effect only upon the votes of the state ratifying conventions, so if any intentions are relevant, it would be theirs. But there is even less evidence available regarding the ratifying conventions. And even if we had verbatim transcripts of each state’s ratifying convention, how does one determine the intent of a collective body—or in this case, of multiple collective bodies? Original intent is a theoretical construct, not a fact in the world.

After years of criticism along these lines, scholars advocating originalism conceded the difficulty with discerning “original intent.” So the revised version of originalism directs judges instead to the “original meaning” of the Constitution, that is, what its words meant to the public when they were adopted. Original meaning is guided by dictionaries of the time, as well as contemporaneous usage and practice. But dictionaries often provide multiple definitions for a given term, legal meanings can differ from ordinary meanings, and contemporaneous practices often varied greatly, even assuming that the Constitution was meant to codify some of them. Thus, Chemerinsky argues, “for most constitutional provisions, there is no ‘original meaning’ to be discovered. Instead, there is a range of possibilities that allows for exactly the judicial discretion that originalism seeks to eliminate.”

Indeed, on many important issues, including the very question of how to interpret it, the Constitution is silent. As Chemerinsky notes, even the Supreme Court’s power to declare acts of Congress or the executive branch unconstitutional is nowhere set forth in it. How can we be guided by the “original meaning” on a subject the Constitution does not even speak to? Originalists often argue that if the Constitution does not expressly provide an individual right, the right does not exist—much as the majority argued in Dobbs. The same would presumably be true of governmental powers, yet originalists do not contend that the Constitution’s silence means the Supreme Court lacks the power to declare acts of the other branches unconstitutional. Many presidential powers, including the power to remove Cabinet officers, to assert executive privilege over working papers, or to rescind treaties, are similarly not addressed by the Constitution’s text and therefore cannot be determined by “original meaning.”

Even when the Constitution contains relevant text, its meaning is often ambiguous. Many books have been written explicating the meaning of “equal protection” and “liberty” in the Fourteenth Amendment; a dictionary from 1868 or a review of contemporaneous laws and practices will generate multiple possible definitions, thus vesting the originalist with plenty of discretion about which to choose.

If one could overcome all of these problems in discerning “original meaning,” one would still have to choose at what level of generality to interpret a constitutional provision. That choice, too, opens up substantial room for discretion. The Constitution gives Congress the power to create an army and a navy. But can Congress create an air force? Only if one reads the references to “army” and “navy” more broadly, as authorizing standing military forces.

More significantly, does the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibit racial segregation? If one reads the term “equal protection” in light of contemporaneous practices in 1868, one would conclude that segregation was permissible—as seven of eight Supreme Court justices did in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). To hold that segregation is prohibited, one must read the guarantee of equal protection at a higher level of generality and apply its principle of equality in a way that the ratifying generation would not have. The same is true for whether the clause prohibits sex discrimination. In 1868, women lacked the vote and were excluded from many professions, including the practice of law. And the immediate aim of the amendment was to protect newly freed slaves, not women. It wasn’t until the 1970s, in the midst of the women’s rights movement, that the Supreme Court interpreted it to presumptively prohibit sex discrimination.

This term, the Court is poised to decide the constitutionality of race-based affirmative action in college admissions. Challengers have argued that the equal protection clause requires “color-blindness” and therefore categorically prohibits any consideration of race in admissions. Defenders of affirmative action—which the Court has repeatedly endorsed, at least in circumscribed form, for about fifty years—argue that the Freedmen’s Bureaus created in the aftermath of the Civil War demonstrate that race-conscious action was not deemed a violation of equal protection where it was adopted to aid newly freed slaves or, depending on one’s level of generality, African Americans or disadvantaged groups. Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson made precisely that point at oral argument in a recent Voting Rights Act case. Yet it is likely that the Court’s conservative (and originalist) justices will declare affirmative action unconstitutional by reading the equal protection clause at an even higher level of generality as a ban on all consideration of race, discounting evidence of its more specific meaning when adopted.

That probable outcome highlights yet another way that originalism fails to constrain its practitioners: they pick and choose when to follow it. Even the most devout originalists are only sometimes originalists. Last term, for example, five justices invoked originalism to overturn Roe v. Wade. But the same five voted in Carson v. Makin to require Maine to fund its citizens’ attendance at private religious schools if it funded their attendance at private secular schools. Chemerinsky writes:

A focus on original meaning would have revealed that from early in American history, many states limited aid to religion, and by 1868 [when the Fourteenth Amendment applied the establishment clause to the states] most states had laws prohibiting direct or indirect aid to religion.

With the original meaning against them, the originalist justices in Carson simply ignored the original understanding and instead justified their result by the non-originalist method of extrapolating from two recent decisions that similarly defied the establishment clause’s original meaning.

Still another way in which originalism fails to constrain judicial discretion is that judges must apply the original meaning, however divined, to modern-day circumstances that the framers could never have envisioned. The Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable “searches and seizures,” but is a wiretap a search? Is obtaining someone’s cell phone location records a seizure? Even if the original meaning of the Fourth Amendment were otherwise clear, answers to those questions require reasoning by analogy, asking what the provision’s purpose was, in order to decide whether the Fourth Amendment encompasses government actions that no one could have foreseen.

Perhaps most fatally, originalism fails its own test. There simply is no evidence that the Constitution’s original meaning was that it should be interpreted according to its original meaning. There is substantial reason to believe the contrary. The fact that the framers used general terms, such as “liberty,” “due process,” “equal protection,” and “cruel and unusual punishment,” strongly suggests that they understood they were drafting a charter meant to long outlive them, one that could guide unforeseeable resolutions to unforeseen problems. If you want to bind people to your specific intentions, you write with specificity. The framers chose not a stringent straitjacket but a set of enduring core principles whose meaning and applicability would unfold over time to meet the evolving needs of a growing nation.

To be sure, there are specific provisions in the Constitution with fixed meanings and concrete, limited applications. The requirements that every state have two senators and that every representative must be at least twenty-five years old do not change over time. But no one argues about the meaning of those provisions. The ones that generate dispute and require interpretation are much more open-ended. The commerce clause, for example, gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce…among the several states.” It was initially understood to leave to the states—to the exclusion of Congress—the regulation of business within their respective borders. But since the late 1930s, as it became increasingly evident that we have an integrated national economy in which virtually all commercial transactions have interstate effects, the Court has interpreted the commerce clause to empower Congress to regulate any business matter, no matter how local. Justice Clarence Thomas has expressed doubts about that interpretation, but no other originalist justice has.

Thomas is the Court’s most extreme originalist. Scalia called himself, by contrast, a “faint-hearted originalist” because he was unwilling to accept some of the theory’s most radical consequences. In Dobbs, Thomas wrote separately to argue that the Court should reconsider—on the same originalist grounds it invoked to eliminate the right to abortion—the rights to use contraception, to engage in sexual intimacy with a consenting adult partner, and to marry someone of the same sex. The four justices who joined Thomas in the majority insisted that their decision did not place these other rights in peril, but without explaining how, from an originalist vantage point, they are any different.

Thomas has also advocated abandoning fundamental First Amendment protections for the press and any constitutional rights at all for children, because these rights were not recognized in 1791 or 1868. And he maintains that the establishment clause should apply only to the federal government, leaving states free to fund or even endorse specific religious denominations. The fact that he stands alone on almost all these positions only underscores the illegitimacy of originalism. If a theory cannot be applied consistently without consequences that are untenable even to most of its proponents, it’s an untenable theory. And if those consequences lead its practitioners to abandon the theory on a regular basis, it hardly constrains judicial discretion in a meaningful way.

The case against originalism is, in short, devastating. But what is the alternative? What theory appropriately constrains judicial power if not originalism? It doesn’t help that two of the most common names for competing theories are “non-originalism” and, worse yet, “non-interpretivism,” neither of which trips off the tongue or offers any affirmative sense of what it means. “Living constitutionalism” is not much better; the notion that a document is “living” is counterintuitive at best (even if fundamentally correct). Scalia and other originalists have routinely charged that this failure to spell out with specificity an alternative theory of constitutional interpretation means that judges using these methods are free to impose their own personal value judgments.

But there is a familiar and sensible alternative—familiar because every judge and justice in the history of the United States has employed it most of the time, even the few who profess on occasion to be originalists. This method starts with the text of the Constitution but recognizes that the ways its broad and open-ended provisions apply will be elucidated gradually over time as judges confront particular cases and seek to make sense of what has gone before, analogize from precedent to contemporary circumstances, and explain their reasoning to provide guidance for the future. The University of Chicago law professor David Strauss has called this method “common law constitutional interpretation.” It’s what judges at every level have always done when they confront new cases not fully covered by past decisions. When the Supreme Court takes up, for example, whether the Constitution precludes regulation of content on the Internet or whether Congress can require individuals to purchase health insurance, it does not simply try to divine what the founding generation would have understood about something they never thought about, but instead looks to its own precedents on the relevant provision, identifies the principles that unite them, and explains how it understands them to apply to the new circumstance. Those explanations are then subject to the test of public scrutiny, academic critique, and subsequent review.

For this reason, when law professors teach constitutional law, we assign casebooks, composed of hundreds of significant decisions handed down over more than two centuries, not eighteenth-century dictionaries. It is the Court’s evolving decisions, much more than the “original meaning,” that define what the Constitution means today. While interpretation of the First Amendment may start with the words “Congress shall make no law,” the meaning of free speech is not to be found in those words’ “original meaning,” but in the hundreds of cases that the Supreme Court has decided over the years, employing an incremental common law method that has resulted in a far more robust First Amendment today than the framers envisioned.

Constructing Basic Liberties, by the Boston University law professor James Fleming, is a useful companion to Chemerinsky’s critique of originalism. It offers a nuanced and comprehensive defense of common law constitutional interpretation as it has been applied to one of the Constitution’s most general and far-reaching provisions: the due process clause. Precisely because that clause’s terms are so open-ended, it is a test case for modes of interpretation.

Over more than one hundred years, the Supreme Court has interpreted the due process clause to require the strongest justification for governmental intrusions on bodily integrity and on significant decisions about one’s personal life, family, and intimate relations with loved ones. Just as with the First Amendment, neither the Court’s reasoning nor its results in this area can be squared with originalism. Rather, the Court’s decisions reflect the incremental accretion of precedent developed through common law constitutional interpretation. Some of the Court’s earliest due process decisions invalidated forced sterilization and protected parents’ rights to send their children to private schools. Later rulings recognized that the same principles encompassed the right—first of married and then of unmarried couples—to use contraception, the right of same-sex adult couples to have consensual sex, the right to have an abortion, the right to refuse unwanted medical treatment, and the right of interracial and same-sex couples to marry.

How did the Court generate all those specific rights from “due process”? Probably the best encapsulation comes from Justice John Marshall Harlan II (the grandson of the first Justice John Marshall Harlan), who wrote in 1961:

Due process has not been reduced to any formula; its content cannot be determined by reference to any code. The best that can be said is that through the course of this Court’s decisions it has represented the balance which our Nation, built upon postulates of respect for the liberty of the individual, has struck between that liberty and the demands of organized society. If the supplying of content to this Constitutional concept has of necessity been a rational process, it certainly has not been one where judges have felt free to roam where unguided speculation might take them. The balance of which I speak is the balance struck by this country, having regard to what history teaches are the traditions from which it developed as well as the traditions from which it broke. That tradition is a living thing. A decision of this Court which radically departs from it could not long survive, while a decision which builds on what has survived is likely to be sound. No formula could serve as a substitute, in this area, for judgment and restraint.

To an originalist, this is apostasy. It eschews any formula and conceives of tradition as a “living thing.” But Fleming features the quote in his epigraph and devotes the rest of his book to explicating Harlan’s approach and ably defending it from its critics.

Does this common law approach, reasoning by analogy from one case to the next, leave room for judicial discretion? Of course it does. But no more so than originalism. Judges applying it are constrained by the demand that they apply precedent and defend their judgment with reasoning that makes sense of all that has preceded that decision. And where originalism purports to tie us to the mythical understandings of long-dead white men, Harlan and Fleming’s approach looks to the accumulated wisdom of preceding generations of jurists who have used legal reasoning to understand, apply, and thereby elucidate the Constitution’s open-ended provisions from generation to generation, ensuring that they reflect the nation’s most fundamental principles today.

Harlan’s approach, Fleming writes, conceives of the Constitution as a “‘basic charter’ of abstract principles promising liberty, not a code of specific, enumerated rights or a deposit of concrete historical practices.” It understands the task of interpretation as a process of reasoned judgment, “not a quest for a ‘formula,’ code, or bright-line framework.” And it looks to tradition to identify “the principles to which we as a people aspire, and for which we as a people stand, whether or not we have always realized them in our historical practices.”

One of the advantages of this approach is its humility. It treats the framers and ratifiers not as “authoritarian fathers who decided our questions for us and ordered us to follow their specific understandings and expectations,” but as creators of “a framework of constitutional self-government to be built out over time on the basis of experience, new insights, and moral progress.” Or as Justice Anthony Kennedy put it in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the case recognizing same-sex marriage:

The generations that wrote and ratified the Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment did not presume to know the extent of freedom in all of its dimensions, and so they entrusted to future generations a charter protecting the right of all persons to enjoy liberty as we learn its meaning.

Another advantage of the common law approach is its acknowledgment of the necessity of evolution. Like human beings, if legal systems are to survive, they must be capable of adapting to changed circumstances. One of the strengths of the Constitution, at least when interpreted as common law, is that it accommodates that adaptation. The size and complexity of the United States today would have been unthinkable in 1787. A stringent commitment to be bound by what we understand that generation to have envisioned would render the Constitution an artifact of historical interest, not a working framework for a nation of 330 million people.

The benefits of a common law over an originalist method are particularly evident with respect to questions about the constitutional validity of the federal administrative state. The many agencies that do the hard work of governing in such areas as energy, commerce, the environment, telecommunications, and labor relations are necessitated by our nation’s exponential growth, yet originalists point to their absence in the Constitution as grounds for imposing restrictions that just happen to accord with the Republican Party’s deregulatory agenda. Strictly and consistently applied, originalism would deem much of the administrative state unconstitutional and would render the government unable to protect and guide us in our increasingly complex world.

At bottom, judging requires judgment. That’s why we ask human beings, not machines, to undertake the task. Given the ineluctability of human judgment, there is no way to eliminate discretion. Originalism claims to rein in that discretion, but it does not.

More importantly, why would we want to be bound in 2022 by the specific understandings of a subset of our forefathers who were not representative of the nation’s population even at the time, and who had no conception of the world we now inhabit? Surely it is better to ask judges to consider all the sources that inform what our Constitution means today, including doctrinal evolution, and to look to tradition for the ideals it professes, not the actual practices that often fall short of those ideals. Judges applying common law constitutional interpretation are not free to impose their own value judgments; they are constrained by what went before them, by the future implications of their decisions, and by the obligation to spell out the legal reasoning on which they rely. That is all we can realistically ask.

[gettothestabbing]

The case, Johnson v. Guzman Chavez, pertains to those who have faced previous deportation and have been caught again, claiming that they would be harmed if returned to their home country. Immigration officers may establish whether those attempting to stay have a “reasonable fear,” before either sending them back to their place of origin or introducing their claims to the legal system, Justice Alito explained.

What was debated, however, was whether these immigrants can be held in abeyance without seeing an immigration judge, potentially indefinitely.

Alito argued that the Trump administration’s position, that the relevant immigration provision does not necessitate a bond hearing, was more compelling.

“But why would Congress want to deny a bond hearing to individuals who reasonably fear persecution or torture, and, as a result, face proceedings that may last for many months or years…? I can find no satisfactory answer to this question,” Breyer wrote in his dissent from the ruling.

The Associated Press reported that Tuesday’s decision sets a nationwide rule which will affect some lawyers and a small subset of noncitizens.

[octaviasdread]

any girls! dark academia movie recs? i really struggle to find anything not about a group of boys (as much as I love them)

SO MANY!!! This is probably a far more detailed answer than you were expecting but this is a popular question and I want to keep a list for myself and others.

Feel free to add to it/give opinions. I've tried to give a tw for anything I can remember

Girls! Dark Academia Movies/TV Shows

Mona Lisa Smile (2003)

1950s Women’s college

Art professor! Julia Roberts

She’s legit the female Mr Keating of the art & college world

Feminism vs. Tradition

Maggie Gyllenhall x Ginnifer Goodwin; their characters were more than friends. Fight me.

Does not end how you expect

Strike!/All I Wanna Do/The Hairy Bird (1998)

MY FAVOURITE!!!

Free on YouTube under one of its various names

Comedy

1960s all girls boarding school

Young Kirsten Dunst

Group of girls plot to sabotage a merger with a boys school less prestigious than their own

Secret attic clubhouse meetings of the D.A.R aka Daughters of the American Ravioli (eaten cold, ew)

girls get political & advocate for their rights using ANY elaborate and chaotic scheme

TW: eating disorder, vomiting & creepy male teacher but the girls plot against him too

The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969)

based on a short book I read for uni by Muriel Spark

1930s girls school in Edinburgh

Scottish teacher! Maggie Smith, controversial with a focus on romantic ideals

Spoiler alert, the liberal teacher is actually a fascist

Her group of fave students has cult- vibes and it’s fascinating

Picnic at Hanging Rock

1970s movie or 2018 mini series

Never watched either but I plan to

Wild Child (2008)

00s romcom every UK teen girl loves

Emma Roberts as the spoiled rich American teenager sent to a strict English boarding school

Plots to get herself expelled but oh no she’s making friends with the girls who help her

And the headmistress has a hot son, and he’s nice??? Double oh no

ICONIC SCENES

Everything! Goes! Wrong!

omg she burns the school down

Feel good, comfort, nostalgia

St Trinians (2007)

English girls boarding school

The kids are all criminals, no joke

So are the teachers

CHAOTIC

gay awakening for british girls

Art heist pulled off by school girls

Government tries to shut them down but oh no, the education minister & the headmistress are ex-lovers

Colin Firth x Rupert Everett in drag

Superior cast: Jodie Whittaker, Gemma Arterton, Juno Temple, Stephen Fry, Colin Firth, etc...

embodies the phrase 'problematic fave'

St Trinians 2: The Legend of Fritton’s Gold (2009)

Mystery, pirate ancestors, hidden treasure

omg Shakespeare was a woman

girls disguised as boys to infiltrate and rob the posh boys school

Villain! David Tennant in that ICONIC boat scene

Teen girls vs. ancient misogynist brotherhood

like the first film but MORE chaotic and BETTER!???

The Falling (2014)

1960s all girls school

best friends! but its unrequited love

Agoraphobic + distant mother aka mommy issues

Sudden death and the school suppresses/ignores the students grief, sparking mass hysteria & a fainting epidemic in the girls

Cast: Maisie Williams (GoT) & Florence Pugh (Little Women) & Joe Cole (Peaky Blinders)

TW: teen pregnancy, death, vomiting, underage s*x, sibling inc*st, past s*xual assault

READ THE PLOT SUMMARY FIRST

The Book Thief (2013)

Based on an amazing book by Markus Zusak

set in 1940s Nazi Germany

Daughter of a communist whose family were taken by the Nazis/died is fostered by an older couple who teach her to read & she paints a dictionary on the basement walls

Coming of age story about a compulsive book thief. No joke, this kid steals books from banned book burnings and breaks into the mayor's library through the window

Family hides the Jewish son of an old friend in their basement and he helps her to start writing about her experiences in the war

TW: death, bombings, WW2 anti-semitism

Mary Shelley (2017)

Overall good & roughly biographical

Pretty costumes and aesthetic

Modern feminist take on Mary Shelly in her own time period

So many INACCURACIES for the drama so don’t take it as truth

Percy Shelley slander and not all of it is justified

Cast: Elle Fanning, Douglas Booth, and Maisie Williams

The Secret Garden (1993)

Based on a fave childhood book

1901 colonial India & Yorkshire, England

Orphaned, spoilt & neglected girl sent to live with her reclusive Uncle in the English countryside

Gothic elements, mysteries, secret doors/passages/locked gardens

local boy with a flock of animals, magic, kids chanting around a fire and all around immaculate vibes

Happy ending!!!

Hidden Figures (2016)

African-American women as mathematicians for NASA

1960s space project

Women balancing a career and family obligations

Deals with racial & gender discrimination

Loosely based on the lives of Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson, and Dorothy Vaughan who worked for NASA as engineers & mathematicians

Anne of Green Gables (1985) & sequel (1987)

Adaptation L.M. Montgomery’s ‘Anne of Green Gables’ books

Canada (late 1890s/early 1900s)

Highly imaginative & bookworm orphan is adopted by a reclusive elderly brother and sister duo

Small town & school years comedic drama

Unrequited Enemies -> Friends -> lovers

Inspiring new woman teacher

Girls re-enact Tennyson’s poem and nearly drown for the aesthetic™

Dramatic poetry reading with INTENSE 👀eye contact👀

Writer! Anne & English teacher! Anne dealing with unruly girls school antics

Collette (2018)

biographical drama on french writer Sidonie-Gabrielle Collette

Victorian & Edwardian era France

More talented than her husband so she ghostwrites for him

Fight for creative ownership of her wildly successful novels

Affairs with a woman called Georgie and also with Missy, born female but masculine presenting

Cast: Keira Knightly, Dominic West, Eleanor Tomlinson (Poldark)

Enola Holmes (2020)

Netflix book adaptation

Younger sister of Sherlock Holmes

Victorian era! feminism/suffragettes

Mother-daughter focus

Mystery, adventure, secret codes, teens running away & escaping from (and eventually fighting) assassins

Cast: Helena Bonham Carter, Henry Cavill, Sam Claflin, Fiona Shaw, Millie Bobby Brown

Ginger & Rosa (2012)

1960s England

best friends since literal birth navigating troubled teen years

poet & anti-nuclear activist! Ginger

off the rails but also catholic! Rosa

Shout out to Mark & Mark the gay godfathers we all want

family troubles 

TW: older man has an affair with a 17 yr old

Testament of Youth (2014)

based on WW1 memoir by Vera Brittain

young woman (writer & poetry lover) escapes traditional family & goes to study at Oxford University

abandons to become a war nurse

romance, tragedy and war trauma

Cast: Alicia Vikander, Kit Harrington (GoT), Taron Edgerton (Rocketman), Colin Morgan (Merlin)

Little Women (2019)

Writer! Jo & Artist! Amy

Mother/daughter focus and sister dynamics

the March sisters’ theatre club is *chefs kiss*

champagne problems edits of Jo x Laurie are a mood

Ambivalent ending perfectly captures Louisa May Alcott’s dilemma with the book the movie is based on

set in 1860s America

ALL STAR CAST and a Greta Gerwig masterpeice

Lady Bird (2017)

coming of age in early 2002/2003 Sacramento, California

all girls catholic school

writer! Christine aka Lady Bird wants to get outta town and start her life again at college 'in a city with culture'

Mother/daughter dynamics - so realistic!

I live for that Jesus car stunt & the nun's reaction

school theatre program

Cast: Saoirse Ronan, Timothee Chalamet, Beanie Feldstein

Another Greta Gerwig gem

Beguiled (2017)

Virginia, civil war era

Girls school with only five students and two teachers left

Find an injured Union army soldier & bring him inside

Women & teenagers want his attention (v. problematic) before uniting against him

(tbh you'll either love it, hate it, or watch once & forget it)

Sofia Coppola film so its very feminine gaze

TW: violence, death, underage

Legally Blonde (2001)

No questions will be taken

Elle Woods was the blue print

TV series:

House of Anubis (2011-2013)

I know it’s a kids/young teen show but I still unironically love it

ANCIENT EGYPT!!!!

Modern day with Victorian era links to treasure hunters & Egyptian research expeditions (stealing from tombs)

Chosen one plot lines, curses, kidnapping, mysteries, secret tunnels under the school, elixir of life

Teens have investigate & protect themselves cus oh no the TEACHERS are involved in some shady stuff

new American kid at British boarding school is the actual premise not just a fanfic au

Nostalgic, light-hearted, funny, and kinda cheesy but I will accept no criticism

The Alienist (2018 -now)

Mid 1890s, New York

Woman’s private detective agency (Season 2)

Serial killer mystery

Woman secretary turns detective and teams up with a criminal psychiatrist and a newspaper editor to solve crime

TW: violence, child pr*stit*tion

Cast: Dakota Fanning, Luke Evans, Daniel Bruhl

The Queen’s Gambit (2020)

Woman chess prodigy

1950s & 1960s

TW: drug & alcohol abuse

Gentleman Jack (2019 - now)

Based on the diaries of Anne Lister

Victorian Yorkshire, England

Upper-class lesbians

Confident, suit wearing! Anne Lister x shy! Ann Walker

Business woman! Anne running the family mines

Cast: Suranne Jones (Doctor Foster) & Sophie Rundle (Peaky Blinders)

TW: violence

Gilmore Girls (2000-2007)

bubbly/ambitious single mom + intelligent daughter

bookworm! Rory Gilmore gets into a prestigious private school and then an Ivy League college

Small town drama is comedic gold

Fast dialogue packed with pop culture and literary references

Comforting & nostalgic

TEAM JESS

Anne with an E (2017-2019)

Loose adaptation of L.M. Montgomery’s ‘Anne of Green Gables’ books

they completely change the plot lines but it’s still very good content!

Orphan girl with trauma and a love of books/poetry is adopted by an elderly brother & sister duo, bringing light and fresh ideas to a rural community

Feminism, girls writing club, lgbtq safe spaces, girls eduction, black/indigenous representation

Miss Stacy as THAT inspiring teacher

Aunt Josephine’s lavish gay parties have my heart

TW: creepy male teacher tries to marry a student, racial discrimination, indigenous assimilation school

Victoria (2016-2019)

Adaption of Queen Victoria’s life

Victoria navigating her political, royal, and personal life

Albert’s involvement with The Great Exhibition, 1851 (on cultural + industrial innovations)

Alfred Paget x Edward Drummond is exquisite

Gorgeous costumes and aesthetics

TW: bury your gays trope

Derry Girls (2018-now)

1990s Northern Ireland during the troubles

Comedy, episodes 20-25 mins long

English boy sent to an all girls Catholic school with his cousin

✨Dead Poets Society parody episode ✨with a free-spirited female teacher

Sister Michael, the sarcastic nun who hates her job & reads the exorcist for giggles

Wee anxious lesbian! Clare Devlin (plus her friends wearing rainbow pins)

Badass with bad ideas! Michelle Mallon

Main Character! Erin Quinn

Lovable weirdo who would fight a polar bear! Orla McCool

Wee English fella & honorary Derry girl! James Maguire

Dickinson (2019-now)

Loose adaption of the poet Emily Dickinson’s life

Set in 19th century Massachusetts, US

Historical drama with modern dialogue & music that works SEAMLESSLY

gives a great understanding of Emily Dickinson’s poems

💕Vintage gays! Emily x Sue💕

Theatre club, writing, poetry, dressing as men to sneak into lectures, love letters, teen drama, feminism, and an underground abolitionist journal as a brief side plot in season 2

Wiz Khalifa plays death in a horse drawn carriage

TW: opium use

A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017-2019)

Based on great childhood books

Bookworm! brother, Inventor! sister, and baby sister with sharp teeth

Mystery, secret organisations, orphaned siblings figuring things out & fending for themselves against the villain after their fortune

Adults either cartoon evil, comedically incompetent, or SPIES

Boarding school, library owner, scientific researcher, and theatre episodes

Ambiguous time period which is really fun to try and pin point

Killing Eve (2018-now)

Classic detective who has homoerotic tension with the assassin she is tracking down

British Detective! Eve Polastri figures out the notorious assassin MI5 are investigating is a woman, is fired & then put on a secret MI6 case with a small team

Assassin! Villanelle, a psychopath with a tragic past and a mastery of both accents & fashion

Woman MI6 boss! Carolyn Martens, head of Russian section

Travel Europe following Villanelle’s killings and escaping the assassins sent by Villanelle’s organisation

‘You’re supposed to be my enemy and moral opposite but omg you’re the only one smart enough to get me and why am I obsessed with you????'

🚨 GO IN FOR A KISS AND THEN STAB YOUR ENEMY 🚨

Cable Girls/Las chicas del cable (2017-2020)

Spanish drama set in 1920s Madrid

Four young women at a telecommunications company form a group of friends and help navigate the difficult situations they are all in

Secret identities, dangerous pasts, murder, crime, lgbtq couple & throuple, trans man character, feminism/suffragists

girls commit crimes for humanitarian reasons and cover! it! up!

UNDERRATED SHOW!!!!

Gorgeous costumes and set

Haven’t finished it yet and I’m catching up

TW: abuse, violence, death

Outlander (2014 - now)

haven’t watched yet but plan to

Woman time travels to Scotland, 1743

Rebel highlanders, pirates, British colonies, American revolutionary war

Time jumps between 18th & 20th century

[medievalandfantasymelee]

Hot Medieval & Fantasy Men Melee Masterpost

Qualifying Round: Day 2

Dong Yilong [Henry Lau] VS. Frodo Baggins [Elijah Wood]

King Ecbert [Linus Roache] VS. Bofur [James Nesbitt]

Beowulf [Gerard Butler] VS. Henry V [Kenneth Brannagh]

King Arthur [Sean Connery] VS. Robin Hood [Sean Connery]

Thorin Oakenshield [Richard Armitage] VS. Thierry of Janville [Jean-Claude Drouot]

Björn Ironside [Alexander Ludwig] VS. Hamlet [Laurence Olivier]

Martin [Rutger Hauer] VS. Criston Cole [Fabien Frankel]

Bard the Bowman [Luke Evans] VS. Perrin Aybara [Marcus Rutherford]

Leofric [Adrian Bower] VS. King Marke [Rufus Sewell]

Miles Hendon [Errol Flynn] VS. Amleth [Alexander Skarsgård]

Jorah Mormont [Iain Glen] VS. Little John [Nicol Williamson]

Odda the Elder [Simon Kunz] VS. Barristan Selmy [Ian McIlhinney]

King Arthur [Nigel Terry] VS. Nicodemus Ravens [Jakob Oftebro]

Brian de Bois-Guilbert [Sam Neill] VS. Brian de Bois-Guilbert [Ciaran Hinds]

Edward I [Stephen Dillane] VS. Robert the Bruce [Chris Pine]

Prince Charmont [Hugh Dancy] VS. Galessin [Alexis Hénon]

King Arthur [Richard Harris] VS. Ulrich von Jungingen [Stanislaw Jasiukiewicz]

Brother Cadfael [Derek Jacobi] VS. Thomas Beckett [Richard Burton]

Father Beocca [Ian Hart] VS. The Mayor of Hamelin [Claude Rains]

Bronn [Jerome Flynn] VS. Mikoláš Kozlík [František Velecký]

[rose-tinted-juls]

juliana's fav tv shows updated: 26.07.2021.

la casa de papel / money heist (2017-) nationality: spanish created by: álex pina main actors: úrsula corberó, álvaro morte, itziar ituño, pedro alonso, miguel herrán, jaime lorente, esther acebo, alba flores short summary (imdb): "an unusual group of robbers attempt to carry out the most perfect robbery in spanish history - stealing 2.4 billion euros from the royal mint of spain." seasons: 4 - (season 5 is coming in september + december 2021) why i love it (in a few words): it's thrilling, all the characters are perfectly written, i love listening to spanish speech, the actors are awesome, SO INCREDIBLE PLOT, uncountable twists, i got attached so fast, i binge watched it, it never feels forced

band of brothers (2001) nationality: american created by: tom hanks, steven spielberg main actors: damian lewis, ron livingston, ross mccall, rick gomez, james madio, kirk acevedo, neal mcdonough, scott grimes, dexter fletcher, donnie wahlberg short summary (imdb): "the story of easy company of the u.s. army 101st airborne division, and their mission in world war ii europe, from operation overlord, through v-j day." - based on the book band of brothers by stephen e. ambrose seasons: 1 why i love it (in a few words): it's ww2 and i'm a huge ww2 enthusiast, i love hbo war, it shows the good and the bad, we follow the whole journey of these soldiers and it's amazing, the actors are absolutely incredible, their friendships are 100/10, the cinematography is beautiful, it's based on a true story

downton abbey (2010-) nationality: english created by: julian fellowes main actors: hugh bonneville, maggie smith, michelle dockery, dan stevens, robert james-collier, allen leech, penelope wilton, matthew goode, lily james short summary (imdb): "a chronicle of the lives of the british aristocratic crawley family and their servants in the early twentieth century." seasons: 6 + 1 movie (the second movie comes in december 2021) why i love it (in a few words): it has phenomenal actors, the plot is exciting-thrilling, there are twists you don't expect, so many love stories and i love them, fantastic characters, it's often so funny i can't stop laughing, dame maggie smith and her performance as the dowager is just incredible and i love her, costumes on point, tom branson o.o

broadchurch (2013-2017) nationality: british created by: chris chibnall main actors: david tennant, olivia colman, jodie whittaker, arthur darvill short summary (imdb): "the murder of a young boy in a small coastal town brings a media frenzy, which threatens to tear the community apart." seasons: 3 why i love it (in a few words): david tennant, his scottish accent i can't-, olivia colman, their duo oh my god these two together are something extraordinary, it's such a thrilling show wow, SO MANY PLOT TWISTS, cinematography is phenomenal and gorgeous, it's so funny at times oh lord (especially david), it's impossible to stop watching

the pacific (2010) nationality: american created by: tom hanks, steven spielberg main actors: joe mazzello, jon seda, james badge dale, rami malek, ashton holmes short summary (imdb): "the pacific theatre of world war ii, as seen through the eyes of several young marines." seasons: 1 why i love it (in a few words): hbo war, it's ww2 and i'm such an enthusiast of it, joe mazzello is incredible oh my, it's a bit graphic (for some people it's too graphic and i can see why) but i love it, it makes you feel you're there fighting and like wow, actually all the actors are amazing in it, we see three different story lines so we get to know different aspects of the whole thing

the crown (2016-) nationality: british created by: peter morgan main actors: claire foy, matt smith, olivia colman, tobias menzies, vanessa kirby, helena bonham carter, josh o'connor, emma corrin short summary (imdb): "follows the political rivalries and romance of queen elizabeth ii's reign and the events that shaped the second half of the twentieth century." seasons: 4 - (season 5 and 6 are in the making) why i love it (in a few words): i've always been interested in queen elizabeth's life, this is a look inside the royal family that you don't often have, the actors are SO AMAZING, honestly sometimes it's so funny and then the next minute it's heartbreaking, it teaches me more about them than anything else, i guess it gives you their point of view so you can understand them a lil bit better, as a child i loved the british royal family so baby me is happy inside when i watch it

the falcon and the winter soldier (2021) nationality: american created by: malcolm spellman - stan lee main actors: anthony mackie, sebastian stan, wyatt russell, daniel brühl short summary (imdb): "following the events of 'avengers: endgame', sam wilson / falcon and bucky barnes / winter soldier team up in a global adventure that tests their abilities - and their patience." seasons: 1 why i love it (in a few words): i'm a huge marvel fan, my fav characters are sam and bucky, SEBASTIAN STAN, it's funny (honestly which marvel movie/series isn't?), the cinematography is gorgeous, the plot is great, fight scenes on point

biohackers (2020-) nationality: german created by: christian ditter main actors: luna wedler, jessica schwarz, adrian julius tillmann short summary (imdb): "a fast-paced thriller following medical student mia akerlund who discovers the use of highly advanced biohacking technology in her university town." seasons: 2 why i love it (in a few words): exciting, plays in a city i know, plot twists, the cinematography is amazing, a beautiful show honestly, the plot is interesting and one of a kind imo, the actors are pretty great

the mandalorian (2019-) nationality: american created by: jon favreau main actors: pedro pascal short summary (imdb): "the travels of a lone bounty hunter in the outer reaches of the galaxy, far from the authority of the new republic." seasons: 2 - (season 3 is coming) why i love it (in a few words): i love star wars and the star wars universe, pedro pascal is amazing, honestly i fell in love with pedro just by his voice literally without even knowing his face, BABY YODA, the character development, exciting plot, pretty awesome fight scenes, great actors

the queen's gambit (2020) nationality: american created by: scott frank, allan scott main actors: anya taylor joy, thomas brodie-sangster, harry melling, jacob fortune-lloyd short summary (imdb): "orphaned at the tender age of nine, prodigious introvert beth harmon discovers and masters the game of chess in 1960s usa. but child stardom comes at a price." seasons: 1 why i love it (in a few words): cinematography is beautiful, anya taylor joy is gorgeous, and she's such a talent oh my, i love chess, the plot, TBS is in it, it's a show you can't not binge watch it just pulls you in

( +1 )

peaky blinders (2013-) nationality: british created by: steven knight main actors: cillian murphy, paul anderson, helen mccrory, joe cole, finn cole short summary (imdb): "a gangster family epic set in 1900s england, centering on a gang who sew razor blades in the peaks of their caps, and their fierce boss tommy shelby." seasons: 5 - (season 6 is coming) why i love it (in a few words): i love mob stuff in general, so amazing actors oh my, cillian murphy, helen mccrory, it's so dark i love it, plot plot plot, the soundtrack is phenomenal (especially when it's arctic monkeys shhh), it's british (yay)

[shouta-edits]

"May I have a playlist with slow romantic songs that's easy to slow dance to?" -anon requested

[mirandamckenni1]

Is It IMPOSSIBLE To Cross The Event Horizon? | Black Hole Firewall Paradox Check out the Space Time Merch Store https://ift.tt/Zgj3Oq6 Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord! https://ift.tt/hWMY40A So you’ve decided to jump into a black hole. Good news: as long as the black hole is big enough you can sail through the event horizon without harm and get to experience the interior of the black hole before you’re annihilated by the central singularity. Or so we once thought. These days, quite a few physicists believe that the only way to avoid horrible contradictions in fundamental physics generated by black holes is for all them to be surrounded by screens of extreme energy that prevent anything from ever entering the event horizon. Sounds outlandish? Welcome to black holes. So let’s find out why many of our most brilliant physicists take these black hole firewalls deadly seriously. PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:https://ift.tt/fbzZ7Y9 Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements! https://ift.tt/BjNl1TC Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://ift.tt/3CMOIrG Hosted by Matt O'Dowd Written by Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria Directed by Andrew Kornhaber Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios. This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content. © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved. End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka Space Time Was Made Possible In Part By: Big Bang Sponsors First Principles Foundation John Sronce Bryce Fort Peter Barrett David Neumann Alexander Tamas Morgan Hough Juan Benet Vinnie Falco Mark Rosenthal Quasar Sponsors Grace Biaelcki Glenn Sugden Ethan Cohen Stephen Wilcox J Tyacke Mark Heising Hypernova Sponsors Michael Tidwell Chris Webb David Giltinan Ivari Tölp Kenneth See Gregory Forfa Alex Kern Bradley Voorhees Scott Gorlick Paul Stehr-Green Ben Delo Scott Gray Антон Кочков Robert Ilardi John R. Slavik Donal Botkin Edmund Fokschaner chuck zegar Daniel Muzquiz Gamma Ray Burst Sponsors Neil Moore Robin Sur Arko Provo Mukherjee Mike Purvis Christopher Wade Anthony Crossland treborg777 Grace Seraph Parliament Stephen Saslow Robert DeChellis Tomaz Lovsin Anthony Leon Leonardo Schulthais Senna Lori Ferris Dennis Van Hoof Koen Wilde Nicolas Katsantonis gmmiddleton Joe Pavlovic Justin Lloyd Chuck Lukaszewski Cole B Combs Andrea Galvagni Jerry Thomas Nikhil Sharma John Anderson Bradley Ulis Craig Falls Kane Holbrook Ross Story teng guo Harsh Khandhadia Jammer Matt Quinn Michael Lev Rad Antonov Terje Vold James Trimmier Jeremy Soller Paul Wood Joe Moreira Kent Durham jim bartosh John H. Austin, Jr. Diana S Poljar Faraz Khan Almog Cohen Daniel Jennings Russ Creech Jeremy Reed David Johnston Michael Barton Isaac Suttell Oliver Flanagan Bleys Goodson Mark Delagasse Mark Daniel Cohen Shane Calimlim Tybie Fitzhugh Eric Kiebler Craig Stonaha Frederic Simon John Robinson Jim Hudson Alex Gan John Funai Adrien Molyneux Bradley Jenkins Amy Hickman Vlad Shipulin Thomas Dougherty King Zeckendorff Dan Warren Joseph Salomone Patrick Sutton Julien Dubois via YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uQF9Egc-fM