#alphabet patterns in java

[innovativeroutinesinternational]

Mastering Data Organization: An In-Depth Look at Sorting Tools and Sorting Utilities

In the age of information, data is the new gold. The ability to organize, sort, and retrieve data efficiently is crucial for individuals and organizations alike. Whether you're managing a small personal project or handling massive datasets for a business, sorting tools and sorting utilities play a pivotal role in making sense of your data. In this blog, we will delve into the world of sorting tools and sorting utilities, exploring their importance, types, and how to choose the right ones for your needs.

 Understanding the Importance of Sorting Tools and Sorting Utilities

Sorting is a fundamental operation in data processing. It involves arranging data in a particular order, which can be ascending, descending, alphabetical, or based on other criteria. This organization makes it easier to analyze, visualize, and extract meaningful insights from the data.

Efficiency and Performance: Properly sorted data can significantly enhance the efficiency of search operations. For instance, a sorted list allows for faster binary searches, which is much more efficient than linear searches.

Data Analysis: Sorting is often a preliminary step in data analysis. It helps in identifying patterns, trends, and outliers, which are critical for making informed decisions.

Data Presentation: In many cases, sorted data is more presentable and easier to understand. For example, financial reports often sort transactions by date or amount to provide a clearer picture of financial activities.

 Types of Sorting Tools and Sorting Utilities

There is a wide range of sorting tools and sorting utilities available, each designed to cater to different types of data and user needs. These can be broadly categorized into:

1. Built-in Sorting Functions in Software Applications

Most software applications, such as spreadsheets (Excel, Google Sheets) and database management systems (MySQL, PostgreSQL), come with built-in sorting functions. These tools are user-friendly and sufficient for basic sorting tasks.

- Excel and Google Sheets: Both offer simple sorting options that allow you to sort data in columns or rows with just a few clicks. You can sort alphabetically, numerically, or by custom criteria.

- SQL Databases: SQL provides powerful sorting capabilities using the `ORDER BY` clause. This is especially useful for sorting large datasets stored in databases.

2. Programming Language Libraries

For more complex sorting tasks, especially when dealing with large datasets or custom sorting logic, programming languages provide robust libraries and functions.

- Python: The `sorted()` function and the `sort()` method in Python’s standard library are versatile and efficient. Libraries like Pandas offer even more powerful sorting capabilities for data frames.

- JavaScript: The `sort()` method in JavaScript is commonly used for sorting arrays. It can handle basic alphanumeric sorting as well as more complex custom sorting functions.

- Java: Java’s Collections Framework includes the `Collections.sort()` method and the `Arrays.sort()` method for sorting lists and arrays, respectively.

3. Specialized Sorting Utilities

There are also specialized sorting utilities designed for specific tasks or industries. These tools often offer advanced features not available in general-purpose applications or libraries.

- GNU Sort: Part of the GNU Core Utilities, this command-line utility is extremely powerful for sorting text files and can handle very large files efficiently.

- Apache Hadoop: For big data applications, Hadoop’s MapReduce framework includes sorting as a key step in the data processing pipeline. It’s designed to handle vast amounts of data distributed across many machines.

- Excel Add-ins: Various add-ins extend Excel’s sorting capabilities, offering more advanced and customizable sorting options.

 Choosing the Right Sorting Tools and Sorting Utilities

The choice of sorting tools and sorting utilities depends on several factors, including the size of the dataset, the complexity of the sorting criteria, and the specific requirements of the task at hand.

1. Dataset Size

- Small to Medium Datasets: For datasets that fit comfortably into memory, built-in functions in applications like Excel or basic sorting functions in programming languages are usually sufficient.

- Large Datasets: For very large datasets, especially those that don’t fit into memory, specialized tools like GNU Sort or distributed systems like Hadoop are more appropriate.

2. Sorting Complexity

- Simple Sorting: If you need to sort data by a single criterion (e.g., alphabetical order), built-in functions in software applications or simple programming language methods will do the job.

- Complex Sorting: For multi-criteria sorting or custom sorting logic, programming libraries offer greater flexibility. Python’s Pandas library, for instance, allows sorting by multiple columns with different sorting orders for each.

3. Specific Requirements

- Real-time Sorting: If you need real-time or interactive sorting, such as in a web application, JavaScript’s `sort()` method is ideal.

- Batch Sorting: For batch processing of large files, command-line utilities like GNU Sort are highly efficient.

 Best Practices for Using Sorting Tools and Sorting Utilities

To make the most of sorting tools and sorting utilities, consider the following best practices:

1. Understand Your Data: Before sorting, ensure you understand the structure and characteristics of your data. This helps in choosing the right sorting criteria and tools.

2. Optimize for Performance: For large datasets, consider the time complexity of the sorting algorithm. Efficient algorithms like QuickSort, MergeSort, and TimSort can make a significant difference in performance.

3. Handle Special Cases: Be aware of special cases such as duplicate values, null values, and different data types. Ensure your sorting logic can handle these appropriately.

4. Leverage Advanced Features: Explore advanced features of sorting utilities. For example, GNU Sort offers options for numerical sorting, reverse sorting, and specifying delimiters.

5. Test Thoroughly: Always test your sorting operations with different subsets of your data to ensure they work correctly under various conditions.

 Conclusion

Sorting tools and sorting utilities are indispensable in the world of data management. From simple built-in functions in software applications to powerful specialized utilities and programming libraries, there’s a wide range of options available to suit different needs. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these tools, you can choose the right ones to efficiently organize and make sense of your data. Whether you’re dealing with a small spreadsheet or a massive big data project, mastering sorting tools and sorting utilities will enhance your data processing capabilities and help you unlock valuable insights.

[sartorialadventure]

As a new book is published on African wax print textiles, Vogue speaks to its author about the complex origins and stories behind eight of the most vibrant prints. Once a craze confined to Africa’s Gold Coast; now, African wax prints have gone global. Take Beyoncé, who rocked the printed cotton fabric for her baby shower last year, asking her guests to wear African-centred gelées, kufis and wax-printed pieces. “It is everywhere but at the same time people don’t know really the story and the meanings of this textile,” says Anne Grosfilley, author of a new book, African Wax Print Textiles, published by Prestel this month (£45, available here). The book is a detailed exploration of the fabric’s origins, techniques and cultural currency as well as a showcase of vibrant, eye-popping designs. “There are colours you would not see in other types of textiles,” Grosfilley says, citing deep blue with orange. These are also clothes with deep meaning: often, fabrics have hidden messages. African wax prints actually came from the Netherlands. In the second half of the 19th century, fuelled by the industrial revolution and colonial expansion, new markets opened in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) as well as Africa. With the Netherlands securing its presence in Java, its textile companies began competing with the local artisanal batik techniques, producing their own cotton prints. These Dutch wax prints, however, bombed as the Dutch dyes created cracks, so new markets had to be found. In 1893 the first Dutch wax prints landed in the African Gold Coast (now Ghana), where they became style and status symbols. During the 1950s, their appeal spread across west Africa, when the Mercedes-Benz driving female entrepreneurs (known as the Nana Benz) bought the fabrics into Togo and gave them names to add mystique. Africa’s fight for independence in the 1960s led to wax prints being made locally. More recently, cheap Chinese copies have made wax prints more accessible to the rest of the world. Now, wax prints are worn with denim and other Western styles with men donning the print too. Here, a selection of the most intriguing wax prints and the unusual stories and meanings behind them.

Alphabet, 1920

Created in 1920, this alphabet design was worn mainly by people who went to the colonial school, and could read, write and count with the new mathematics. “People were very proud of it and they would wear this wax print to say, 'look, I’m literate and an educated person’”, says Grosfilley. Today, the design still retains this symbolism, even used by political parties for propaganda, "as if to say, 'look, this is a good value design and I am a good value president, so you should support me because I am as good as education,’” she says. Modern motifs have updated the design with computers replacing blackboards.

© Original HKM Design, 1920. Holland, Netherlands © Vlisco Group

Elizabeth II, 1956

Designed for Queen Elizabeth II’s first visit to Nigeria in 1956, Grosfilley believes this wax print was given away to ensure a crowd gave her a warm welcome - as the visit was shortly before the country gained independence. It’s an African tradition for people to wear the same fabric for a specific occasion, whether it's close family and friends at a wedding, or at a political rally where the crowd wears a print with the president’s face, or to show solidarity with a group or community. "In Africa, we are less individualistic than in the western cultures,” argues Grosfilley, though explains that each person wears print in their own way. “So you are part of a group but at the same time you are unique." Don't miss the imperfections of the wax process that appear as cracks in her fur and the early wax print colours, brown and indigo, on the original white of the fabric.

© Elizabeth II, first visit to Nigeria in 1956. Elson & Neill Wax Print A13922 Flag and Crown, United Kingdom © Cha Textiles Ltd

Fly-Whisk, 1950

A fly swatter may seem like an everyday symbol, but actually it symbolises power and prestige. Why? These are the brooms used to swat away the mosquitoes and other flies from the kings and traditional chiefs of the Akan people who live across the Ivory Coast and Ghana. Once wielding great economic power selling gold and ivory to the British and other countries, today these kings and chiefs are more symbolic. Designed in 1950, the pattern is set in big squares à la Adinkra, Adire and other African handmade textiles and has a decorative background to prevent any cracks caused by the batik process being seen.

© “Fly-Whisk” Vlisco 12188. 1950 © Vlisco Group

Darling, Don't Turn Your Back On Me, 1980s

This abstract pattern from the 1980s was inspired by paper used to wrap meat in a French butcher. According to Grosfilley: “This is the magic of wax print, as you see a design and you project something which may be completely different from the original meaning.” For women in Toga, it's known as, “darling, don’t turn your back on me,” when they think their man is not looking at them anymore, but another woman. “In real life, the men don’t understand or don’t care as they don’t pay attention to the meaning of wax print. So although the message is to the man, really it is to the other woman,” she says.

© Vlisco 11728, called “Darling, don’t turn your back on me” © Vlisco Group

[I am suddenly visualizing women wearing clothing with the boyfriend meme printed on it!]

Shell

One of the earliest wax print designs, produced in Ivory Coast, this is now a classic. Depicting the wings of the Garuda bird, Indonesia’s national emblem, this print symbolises how Indonesian designs have been re-interpreted in Africa. Take the Ghanaians, who see the design as a bunch of bananas, as “it’s part of their basic food as you’d eat it as a fruit or in a stew,” says Grosfilley. Or the Togans, who call the print, “the snail coming out of its shell,” after the snails they eat (and local phrase meaning "busybody"). Wearing the design, according to Grosfilley, means that “you should look at your own business instead of looking at what other people are doing,” she says.

© Uniwax wax print 12003, Painted in Ivory Coast © Vlisco Group

Michelle Obama's Handbag, 2008

Some designs take on famous names. There’s Kofi Annan’s brain, the heart of Barack Obama and this one, named after Michelle Obama when her husband first became the president of the United States, in 2008. The basic appeal translates as: “You cannot afford to be Michelle Obama or buy the same bag as she carries, but because you can buy the pattern on wax print it’s like you’re part of it,” says Grosfilley. Yet, the connection to Obama is accidental. “Vlisco just designed a nice bag but then it’s the African market who said, 'Wow, we should make a connection between Michelle Obama and the bag',” she says. Made from Super Wax, which is softer, thinner and has an extra colour, wearing this more expensive fabric symbolises prestige.

© Vlisco A1106, called “Michelle Obama’s Handbag”, 2008. Holland, Netherlands © Vlisco Group

Violent Eyes, The Mouth Says Nothing, 2011

The surrealist shoe with its tongue-like heel and multiple red-varnished toes is a detail of a larger design, created in 2011, in the Netherlands. Called "the eyes see, but the mouth does not speak,” the print is dominated by a huge mouth with a finger against it to say "shush, don’t speak" in the centre with little mouths in the background which also say nothing. “It’s about being an elegant woman and at the same time full of humour,” says Grosfilley. “We are saying, wear something just to see the good side of things.” The quirky design is accentuated by a bright red outline instead of the classic indigo, showing new ways of using the batik technique.

© Vlisco A1315, called “Eyes see, but the mouth does not speak", 2011. Holland Netherlands © Vlisco Group

Reproduction Fan Print, 2000s

When electrical fans were introduced to Africa in the 1980s, they appeared on wax print as signs of modernity (as did mobile phones). Now, as fans are only bought by those without air-conditioning, the meaning has changed. “It is casual. You’ve got chairs, table, so what, there’s no point,” the author says. Printed on polycotton from China rather than cotton, bright new colours have been added, like the maroon and yellow and green combo since the original design debuted.

© Wax Mitex 12033307. China.

[bodenkbpb539]

Thinking Any Of These 10  Misconceptions  Concerning Moviebox.Apk  Maintains You From  Expanding

Application Facility.

- Czas trwania: 68 sekund.

He left Google in August 2013 to sign up with Chinese phone manufacturer Xiaomi. Much less than six months earlier, Google's then-CEO Larry Page revealed in a post that Andy Rubin had relocated from the Android department to tackle new projects at Google, which Sundar Pichai would end up being the brand-new Android lead. Pichai himself would at some point change positions, ending up being the new Chief Executive Officer of Google in August 2015 complying with the firm's restructure right into the Alphabet corporation, making Hiroshi Lockheimer the brand-new head of Android. Considering that 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally enhanced the operating system, adding brand-new functions and dealing with pests in previous launches. Each significant launch is called in indexed order after a treat or sugary reward, with the initial few Android versions being called "Cupcake", "Donut", "Eclair", as well as "Froyo", in that order.

Android comes preinstalled on a couple of laptops (a comparable capability of running Android applications is likewise offered in Google's Chrome OS) as well as can additionally be installed on computers by end individuals. On those systems Android supplies added capability for physical keyboards as well as computer mice, together with the "Alt-Tab" key mix for switching applications swiftly with a keyboard.

Android (operating system).

In addition, Google announced a new "target API degree requirement" (targetSdkVersion in show) at the very least Android 8.0 (API degree 26) for all brand-new apps as well as app updates. The API degree need could battle practice of app designers bypassing some consent displays by specifying very early Android variations that had much more rugged authorization version.

Previous Crucial worker discloses designs for unreleased PH-2 and PH-3 phonesEssential's 2nd Android phone seemed to be virtually total.

Although your phone could claim it's encrypted, practically it isn't completely secured till you establish your own PIN/password/pattern at startup via your phone's settings. Encrypting with your very own password is the most protected choice. To see which version of Duo Mobile is installed on your device, most likely to the Android Settings food selection, tap Applications, after that scroll down as well as tap Duo Mobile.

Czech Republic

In May 2012, the court in this instance discovered that Google did not infringe on Oracle's licenses, and the test judge ruled that the framework of the Java APIs made use of by Google was not copyrightable. The parties consented to absolutely no dollars in statutory problems for a small amount of duplicated code.

Android at Google I/O Odtwórz wszystkie.

By the 4th quarter of 2010, its worldwide share had actually grown to 33% of the marketplace coming to be the top-selling smartphone system, surpassing Symbian. In the United States it became the top-selling platform in April 2011, overtaking BlackBerry OS with a 31.2% mobile phone share, according to comScore.

In many cases it might not be feasible to refute specific permissions to pre-installed applications, neither be feasible to disable them. The Google Play Services app can not be uninstalled, nor handicapped.

OEMs will certainly no longer be prevented from offering any type of gadget running incompatible versions of Android in Europe. Android has an expanding selection of third-party applications, which can be acquired by customers by downloading and install and also installing the application's APK (Android application plan) documents, or by downloading them using an application shop program that moviebox pro apk mirror allows customers to mount, update, as well as eliminate applications from their devices. Google Play Shop is the key application store set up on Android gadgets that comply with Google's compatibility requirements and certify the Google Mobile Providers software program. Google Play Shop allows individuals to search, download as well as update applications released by Google and also third-party designers; as of July 2013 [update], there are greater than one million applications offered for Android in Play Shop. Since July 2013 [update], 50 billion applications have actually been set up.

Duo Mobile's dark theme relies on your Android system settings. If your gadget has the system-wide dark setting allowed, Duo Mobile immediately changes to dark style. Fingerprint VerificationDuo Mobile 3.10 and up additionally sustains fingerprint verification for Duo Push-based logins as an extra layer of safety to validate your individual identification.

Review It with the Google Assistant: Listen to website - Czas trwania: 2 minuty i 47 sekund.

In January 2014, Google revealed a framework based on Apache Cordova for porting Chrome HTML 5 internet applications to Android, wrapped in an indigenous application covering. Applications (" applications"), which extend the capability of gadgets, are created using the Android software application advancement set (SDK) and, often, the Java shows language. Java may be incorporated with C/C++, along with a selection of non-default runtimes that permit far better C++ support. The Go shows language is also supported, although with a minimal set of application shows user interfaces (API). In May 2017, Google introduced support for Android application development in the Kotlin programming language.

[loststargrazer-blog]

Is AI & Science stuck in an unhelpful reductionist paradigm and we just don't know it?

One thing that can be said about AI is that there have been a lot of claims about how close we are to its discovery, also how many people are working on it.  So University Departments, Individuals, and commercial organisations are working on AI, and they represent a significant percentage of all human investigative and intellectual bandwidth in the last 50 years - and to what end?  We have seen some significant improvements in AI, like playing chess, but on the whole the results were not as expected.  Why is this?  I suggest that one of the reasons for this is that Computing is in a heavily reductionist paradigm.  What does this mean?

When Computing is taught, there are a few areas of focus, some theory like different logics and Set Theory, programming of algorithms, design features like Unified Modelling Language & Requirements Engineering, a break down of hardware components functions, and the specifics of technologies like web, database, & data visualisation.  However, pretty much all of this involves breaking a system down into manageable pieces that do what you want.  An example of this is the Bubble Sort.  This is an algorithm and a fairly simple piece of code that is rather inefficient, but is generally taught as the first example in an introduction to implementing algorithms in computer code.  The way Bubble Sort works is that it sorts a list (or array) alphanumerically into alphabetic order by starting at the beginning of the list and checking whether the first two items are in order and swapping them if they are not.  It continues along the list repeatedly until there is nothing left to swap.  This is interesting because it suggests the following mechanism: You want the list sorted, so break the list into the smallest arrangement and then sort that, then repeat across the list.  The underlying reason why this is interesting is that I don't think high level conscious intelligence can necessarily be reduced to smaller pieces of conscious intelligence because it is an emergent property; so while reductionist analysis will help you get a computer to carry out many tasks, it may be blocking progress on building emergent, chaotic, or complex properties like intelligent thought.  I think it is consistent and sensible to assume that conscious thought is both on a scale and emergent (see my previous blogs for why).

Computer experts may not like this, but it is clear, even to the tinkerer, that using popular commercial software like Java you can program network models with parallel code objects being created and linked into complex structures and layers.  This should (and does) give program activity that is complex and emergent.  Probably the most famous examples of this are neural nets, as I mentioned in my last blog, however there are other examples like boids which simulate a flying flock of birds.  So there is no compelling reason why Computing should be so heavily reductionist.

The reductionist paradigm is rather universal and also applies to another similarly not entirely successful subject: Neuroscience.  It seems that there is really a lot of data on neurons, nerves, brain anatomy, brain waves, brain areas, and conscious experience; however there is not much of a theory tying it all together.  A 'brain' theory in the present paradigm would reduce conscious experience to neuron firing and compile neuron firing into conscious experience.  While this is still an interesting if rather naive aim, perhaps there is a hole in the mechanics in our present paradigm where emergent properties activate, and activate in a non-reductionist manner?

There is often a big gap between levels or layers of knowledge; so it seems to me that even Quantum Mechanics is possibly an emergent and complex system, and even if it is not then the levels of knowledge above it certainly are like wave patterns on a beach, coastal erosion patterns, with geographical, ecological, and biological impacts being far removed from the spin on an original atom.  Given this, it is likely that Artificial Thinking will need to be analysed at a higher level, the level of a complex model or above.  So to me now, it is unsurprising that so little grasp of the core problems has been made by reductionist approaches in Computing and Neuroscience and beyond.

One area which has been relatively successful is in the Alphabet group of companies: It is the application of 'learning' algorithms.  Unlike traditional Computing problems that are analysed and built, these algorithms are evolved mechanically by change (often random) to layered neural nets, followed by undergoing selection (often by playing other versions in a knockout) within a repeated process.  This had some biological inspiration and was very effective: For example conquering the gaming world of Go.  What these networks know and experience is mysterious, but can be observed in action when they can be significantly better than any human at specific tasks, even after only four hours of learning.  Actually, this approach is so effective that one wonders why they don't employ a driving simulation 'game' at the Waymo subsidiary rather than have a fleet of autonomous vehicles clock up so many road miles; but anyway, this is probably just another example of training neural nets inefficiently (as discussed in my last blog).

One thing we should not forget is why the reductionist approach is so prevalent in our minds and the minds of many scientists.  This is probably because it seems on the surface so rigorous as it has parallels and examples, for example in techniques like Mathematical Induction.  Mathematical Induction is a specific type of logical proof that shows something (say 'P') is true of an infinite series of natural numbers when it is true of the first term, (say 0), and when it is true of x+1 if it is true of x.  For example, you can see that all whole numbers greater than 0 are positive (all the impossible infinity of them).  Of course much of Science (and beyond) is regularly guilty of treating phenomena as a mathematical construct with equations applying like some supposed virtues of the general universe.  It really seems to be true that many scientists want to prove the next calculus of their subject area by a reductionist mathematical proof like Sir Isaac Newton.  However, we still need to support vigour in Science; so the matter of scale needs to be attached to the formula - and not just as a small print appendix footnote that the described behaviour broke down below x ys under observation.  Also, you might like to include the scale when described behaviours sink into the background environmental noise, but this is less important.  Again, there is no good reason to exclusively promote a reductionist approach in Science beyond its historical success during the Scientific Revolution.

This is a Philosophical blog, so what implications can we imply generally and for Artificial Thought by moving away from a reductionist paradigm?  It would be nice if there was a neat theory of emergent properties that could be applied, but I guess the limits of this would be a Physics of Systems remit.  As far as I am aware, Physics is still suffering from 'Unified Theory Syndrome', again looking for universal virtues in the universe rather than focusing on its divergent expressions at different scales.  I suspect this to be a hangover of early 20th Century monotheistic thinking, and it is evident from the teaching of Newton's 'Laws' to teens to the rather abysmal discussions of Pansychism in the Common Room bar.  As with my other blogs, I specifically blame Descartes for this.

Given the lack of theory on the topic of non-reductive properties, I suggest we have a go at envisaging what a theory would entail. I suspect that one thing that would be useful is a definition for non-reductive or emergent properties - so in my language, being complicated to a level of not being obvious, is not enough to be emergent.  For example, hitting a group of pool balls is too complicated for me personally to predict accurately, especially given my level of accuracy of direction and force, but mostly this is a reducible set of behaviours.  However, if fairly random smacking of groups of balls had certain outcomes, like a consistent percentage chance of potting the black, then this, for me, would be an emergent property not directly based on the rules programming the system and not ascertainable without either running a complex model of the system or observing the system in reality itself.

With our definition of emergence in place, we can also suggest that non-reductive properties have an asymmetry.  The number of times I prematurely pot the black contributes to the likelihood of the game ending in a quick loss, and therefore reduces my chances of winning any tournament, but it does not impact on the Physics of the ball collisions below it.  Suppose I improved my game somehow, this would have an asymmetric impact, no impact on the physics of collision, but a significant impact on how often I lost quickly.  This is noticeably different from the Bubble Sort program and could explain why computing and even Science often has an other worldlyness about it as they have reduced out the important details rather than investigating them and missed the key point of many systems, ie. what it can do and contribute to at a macro level, rather than just what it can be reduced to.

Obviously a Philosophy blog can make definitions, but can it really predict how many non-reductive layers there are, or when a single new layer will occur?  The answer to this is probably a definite no as the answer may depend heavily on what you are looking at and how you define and measure it.  Does this sound familiar to you?  It sounds familiar to me as it is very much the kind of thing Quantum Physicists have been saying about Quantum Phenomena.  The excruciatingly painstaking experiments with single waves and particles have probably pointed out something quite obvious in the normal world that we have mostly missed as we had the worldview of a devout medieval Catholic mathematician like Descartes.  This is that to describe the world you need to talk about the interaction of non-reductive properties.  It may help to reduce the reducible, but actually the level most things (without massive self-censorship) can be reduced to is significantly complex and large scale.

It is true there are differences between say history and geology, or economics and ecology, but there are also similarities, and these similarities are the search for properties beyond the atomic.  So a scientifically rigorous approach can apply to most subjects, but really only if it is not purely reductive.  What makes Science is observation, experimentation, modelling, and the search for non-reducible truths.  Yes, non-reducible truths are the backbone of good and interesting Science, not the opposite.  Yes if you want to know what sorting is, you only need to consider the relation of a pair and extrapolate, however almost all scientific and technological endeavour is based around finding out real questions about real complex systems.  You may be able to reduce a phenomena to a sub-system, but eventually due to the asymmetry you would have to stop, map out the property, and see how it fits into the multiple layers above it where most of the meaning is.

I have discussed the nature of identifying universal statements in a couple of previous blogs, and these universals, combined with a systematic scope, give a usable definition of scientific statements in terms of emerging properties, whether the language is mathematical, philosophical, or every day.  In terms of artificial thought, I expect you would need to process thought-like content to have higher artificial thought; and, making the combination and manipulation of those thought contents would be necessary for building AI.  This is rather different to calculating probabilities, or counting links, as you might find in a present piece of 'high' technology IT like a search engine.

I feel I should have a brief conclusion now, and that is that an exclusively reductionist approach is generally a bad idea, but you can still do a non-reductive mathematically described Science of irreducible properties, and this should still lead to good progress and good approaches.  Also in Science, in Computing, in artificial thought, we should not be afraid of building up our layers of understanding, technology, and even Philosophy.  I also declare the division of investigation between Physics and stamp collecting to be dead; long live Science (& Philosophy)!

[btechgeeks]

Java Program to Print Alphabet Y Star Pattern

User input character. Static star character.

These are the methods for java program to print alphabet Y star pattern.

#Java Program to Print Alphabet Y Star Pattern

[inlarn]

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[stepphase]

Spanish Computer Olympiad winners 17 years and younger

Darío Martínez is a 15-year-old boy from Valencia. In fact, a year ago, I didn't know how to program. As well as, he is the winner of the last Spanish Computer Olympiad. Also, a contest promoted by the Aula Escola Europea Foundation in Barcelona. Of course, it have held since 1997 in search of the promising heads of computer programming focused on algorithmic resolution.

"I started programming last summer, after confinement. Also, a little because of its possible use to do things related to mathematics and a little out of boredom. In fact, some friends who already knew how to program also encouraged me. Also, they helped me a little to learn Python", tells us.

Dario Martinez

After all, the fact that Darío did not know how to program until relatively recently is a common pattern in candidates. Who to the OIE. Hundreds of the nation's high school, high school, and middle school students participate in it each year. Who are screen through statement problems that bring any Muggle from programming and algorithm into the Matrix.

After all, the final phase was complet by 24 participants who have to solve five of these problems in three and a half hours. Also, there are four winners or gold medalists this year. Who will represent Spain in the International Olympiad? Of course, this year online for obvious reasons. In Engadget, we have spoken with these top four classifieds so that they can tell us how they see the future of programming, development. And how they have been formed from their pre-university eyes.

Learn program with internet resources is possible - Spanish Computer Olympiad

Bernat Pagès was the runner-up in this edition. Also, a 17-year-old from Girona, Bernat did start playing with the Scratch from a young age. After all, "My parents both studied engineering also that encouraged me to start it such a young age". After all, it is with regard to competitive programming.

In which the focus is on solving problems, with specific languages. Also, parameters such as memory use and execution time are also value. As well as, it is also start less ago. Then a year of resorting to websites promoted by the OIE itself to train. Of course, as Codeforces or Jutge.org, which they recommend in their training manuals.

Bernat Pages

A pattern similar to that of Óscar Garries, 17, from Barcelona; third classified. Garries tells us that he started programming two and a half years ago "because he wanted to make some money. " In fact, he affirms that what he values ​​most about programming is "being able to create whatever you want whenever you have the desire and the time."

C++

In his case, he resorted to courses on low-cost payment platforms such as Coursera or Udemy. But most of the things I have learned in the end by watching YouTube or the documentation of the languages.

After all, Joan Cintas is the fourth classified and precocious genius. Whom we have spoken and aged 17 also trained in the Aula Escuela Europea. As well as, an Promoter of the Olympiad where he did take programming courses from (still) younger. "In the second year of ESO, we started programming with C ++.

I immediately liked the idea of ​​programming and being able to solve these complex problems and I began to work more on my own. Either with websites or with face-to-face classes. Also, my school gave with so as to prepare the different programming contests that we find in Spain. Says Joan, who nevertheless affirms that she has gone to websites to learn extra in a self-taught way.

Teens in love with how algorithms solve problems - Spanish Computer Olympiad

Oscar Garries

As well as, a common pattern that we have found when chatting with them is that in the necessary interconnection. Between mathematics and programming for children, the former has an even more central weight.

The clearest case is that of Darío, who tells us that what motivates him most about programming is "his relationship with mathematics and the 'challenge' of making efficient algorithms to solve problems related to them. You can Learn new languages ​​or know how they work internally. Also, i really like algorithms and problem-solving. "

After all, this passion for algorithms is also shown by Bernat. "Personally, what I like most about programming is the mathematical part behind it. Also, the fact of thinking of an algorithm that solves the problem in the most optimal way possible".

Joan also alludes to how programming solves vast problems in a short time. And remarks that, from his point of view. With a computer we can always find a method to solve them efficiently.

Ditch Python or Rust: C ++ wins among the programming Olympians - Spanish Computer Olympiad

Joan Cintas

One condition that the Olympiad in Spain has is that the languages ​​allowed to solve the problems are limited to C ++, Python, and Java. Also, a trio that in the main Olympiad is reduced to only the first. Which is specifically promoted by the organization.

This inclination towards C ++ is also clearly marked among the Olympiad medalists. They all mark it as their reference syntax. Also, the language created by Bjarne Stroustrup. As well as, an evolution of the mythical C continues to maintain an important quota and importance. After all, each time Python itself or newer alternatives such as Rust are gaining weight.

Only Java, Python and C ++ are allowed in the OIE

Dario: I learned with Python and I liked it a lot. Also, I think it is a very good language to start with, but the fact that it is much slower and the lack of data structures such as asset or priority_queue makes me prefer C ++".

Joan: "Currently I know 3 programming languages: C ++, Python, and Java. Java is the one I like the least by far, it is very long to write and is not as good at computing time as C ++. Although I like Python a lot for its simplicity and the speed at which one can write the code, C ++ is the first language I learned and the one I use in competitions, since it is the one I have the most fluency and, although it is long to write, it has a lot of ready-made structures and ready for you to use.

And the future? This is how they see themselves and technology in a few years - Spanish Computer Olympiad

Asking someone who still has everything ahead of him about the future is like rolling a dice. Logically, most have in their sights studying mathematics and programming but considering that they still have time to choose a career, their options are open.

Óscar Garries, the third classified, is the most pragmatic: "I would like to study math or data, but I doubt that the note will reach me. What motivates me the most, in any case, is the field of deep learning.

I think everything related to AI is going to be the one that evolves the most in the future, and what I'd like most would be to work on a project like Google's DeepMind, "Alphabet's division that explores deep AI and made headlines a few years ago after its AlphaGo program will defeat a professional human Go player for the first time.

Bernat Pagès, the second classified, is one of those who point directly to mathematics. "I am very clearly sharp that I wanted to study mathematics at the university if the cut-off marks allow me. Here in Catalonia, there is a program called CFIS that allows you to study two degrees simultaneously, where I could study Mathematics and Data Engineering.

Mathematics and its deep research are what most attract the attention of the medalists, along with fields such as deep learning

I believe that the Big Data, or in other words massive data analysis, is going to be a key element in computer development, "he says. Among his aspirations are to dedicate himself fully to mathematical research or, failing that, to work for a BigTech.

It is less clear to Joan, who confesses that she has not yet decided what to study, but that she would like to dedicate herself to the world of technology. After all, the fields such as AI or Augmented Reality are some of the most striking.

"In the case that I dedicate myself to computing and technology, I would like to work on specific hardware and software development issues, since I think it is a very interesting field and teamwork allows interactions and transmission of very important ideas, and starting from an idea to a defined final product seems very entertaining to me, "he says when we ask him to imagine a few years from now.

Darío, this year's winner, is also heading towards mathematics and specifically the development of algorithms. "In a few years I hope to have finished my studies and to be able to work at a University investigating in some field of mathematics that I like, probably something related to graphs or combinatorics.

I suppose that I will not be clear until I have studied more advanced things of different fields ", he says, although he remarks that he is not very clear about it …" Because I still have two years to choose what to study at the University.

And there is no girl?

The quartet of seasoned young people perhaps also represents how in programming there is still ground to be gained in order to achieve a greater female presence. But it is already on its way.

After a first female medalist last year, this course the OIE had 4 girls in its final

At last year's Olympics, one of the winners was Blanca Huergo, the first woman to achieve one of the four gold medals.

Blanca is already studying Mathematics and Computer Science at Oxford and, in the meantime, has promoted the celebration of a Women's Computer Olympiad with which to encourage the participation of the youngest. In this year's edition, among the 24 finalists, there were 4 girls, the largest presence in the history of the contest.

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Research Paper Then a natural question is whether or not Google is enough for medical info looking without needing to examine other search engines like google. , Bing, and Ask.com are by and enormous effective search engines like google and yahoo for helping lay users get well being and medical information. Nevertheless, the current rating strategies have some pitfalls and there may be room for improvement to assist users get extra accurate and helpful data. We also used five key phrases associated with breast most cancers defined in the latest launch of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms and analyzed their incidence within the websites. To evaluate major Internet search engines in their usability of obtaining medical and well being info. The Internet has turn into one of the important means to obtain health and medical info. This pilot examine confirmed that usability testing may be very helpful for evaluating Internet searches in obtaining medical information. It also confirmed that the specificity of Google in looking for medical data is usually passable. However, the examine focused just one search engine, Google. The present research extended our early work by including Yahoo! For this purpose, we searched the keyword breast cancer in Google, Yahoo! , Bing, and Ask.com and saved the results of the top 200 hyperlinks from each search engine. We mixed nonredundant hyperlinks from the four search engines and gave them to volunteer customers in an alphabetical order. The volunteer users evaluated the websites and scored every website from 0 to 10 based mostly on the usefulness of the content material relevant to breast most cancers. A medical professional recognized six properly-identified web sites related to breast cancer upfront as requirements. Each search engine offered wealthy info associated to breast most cancers within the search outcomes. All six commonplace websites had been among the many high 30 in search outcomes of all four search engines like google. Google had the most effective search validity , adopted by Bing, Ask.com, and Yahoo!. The search results highly overlapped between the major search engines, and the overlap between any two search engines like google was about half or more. On the other hand, each search engine emphasized numerous types of content material differently. In phrases of consumer satisfaction evaluation, volunteer users scored Bing the best for its usefulness, followed by Yahoo! Seventh, use Java.internet to retrieve the textual content of all nonredundant web sites, and use the subpages to review the pattern of usage of the keyword breast most cancers and its associated SNOMED CT phrases. Eighth, analyze the info and evaluate the effectiveness of Google, Yahoo! , Bing, and Ask.com in obtaining medical and health information. Among all the medical search queries on the Internet, most cancers-associated info is among the most popular matters. In specific, breast most cancers, as the most common cancer and the second-leading explanation for cancer deaths among American women, draws much of the general public’s attention, especially on the Internet . While a number of main search engines like google are available, most customers restrict their Internet search to at least one search engine. This search behavior raises a number of questions concerning the search for medical info. Does a single search engine provide dependable medical data? Are search results from totally different engines similar when using multiple search engines like google and yahoo? Does looking a number of search engines like google and yahoo for the same queries add value? , Bing, and Ask.com, which allowed us to conduct a comparative study. Among the four search engines, Bing is a brand new one inbuilt 2009 by Microsoft. Is any search engine significantly better than the others? These questions turn out to be extra related because the market shares of Internet search engines like google are evolving. According to comScore, Google has about two-thirds of the US market share in Internet looking, and its share is growing. We nonetheless selected breast most cancers as a keyword and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms as a regular reference in our validation course of. We used Java Vector knowledge structure to learn and report the rating, website name, and URL of webpages in the search end result record.

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Java Program to Print Alphabet Z Star Pattern

Print Z Star Pattern In Java Number Z = 5 & 4 | 6; Print(Z); Number Z=2^3 Print(Z) Number Z = 5 & 4 6 Print(Z) Number Z=5&4 6 Print(Z) Z Pattern Code Print A To Z In Java etc.

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300+ TOP TALEND Interview Questions and Answers

TALEND Interview Questions for freshers and experienced :-

1.What Talend stands for? Talend stands for Talend Open Studio. 2.What do you mean by Talend? Talend open studio is the open source data integration product produced by Talend and it is designed to convert, combine and update data in various areas across a business. 3.When was Talend open studio launched? Talend launched in October 2006 4.Talend is written in which language? It is written in Java language. 5.Tell the latest version of Talend open studio. The latest version is 5.6.0 6.Differentiate between ETL and ELT. ETL stands for Extract, Transform and Load which is a process that involves gaining data from exterior source, converting it to get fit into operational requirement, then load it into the end target database. ELT stands for Extract, Load and Transform which is the process in which data is get, then loaded into the staging table in the database and then data is converted according to the need. 7.What is the significance of tLoqateAddressRow component in Talend? It is a component for mailing correct address belongs to the respective customer data to make sure a single customer view and good delivery for their respective customer mailing 8.Could we change the background color of the job designer ? Yes, we can change the background color of job designer 9.How we can change the background color of job designer? We can change the background of job designer by clicking on the preferences of the window menus, after the talend, appearance,designer then click on color menu. 10.Can we define a variable which can be accessed by many jobs? Yes, we can declare a static variable in the rountine and add the setter method for the respective variable in the routine. Then this variable can be accessed from various jobs.

TALEND Interview Questions 11.Can we save our personal settings in the DQ Portal? No, we can not save our personal setting in the DQ Portal. 12.Can we change the generated code directly? No, this is not possible we cannot generate code directly for Talend. 13.Which method we should use to include our own Java code in a Job? We can use tJava, tJavaFlex component, tJavaRow, etc to include our own Java code in a Job. 14.Can we use Binary Transfer mode in SFTP ? No, in SFTP we cannot use the binary transfer mode because SFTP is not like the FTP. Hence, we cannot apply the concept like ‘current mode directory’ and ‘transfer mode’. 15.For sorting data which component we generally use? We can use tExternal SortRow and tSortRow. 16.In talend what is the fixed pattern of date? By default the date pattern is dd-MM-yyyy. 17.What do you mean by component? Component is simply a functional piece which is used for a single operation. It is a bundle of file kept within a folder named followed by component name. 18.Differentiate between ‘insert or update’ and ‘update or insert’. Insert or update means first we insert a record, but if a record is matching with the primary key then the record is updated. Update or insert means first we update the record with same primary and if the record doesn’t exists then we insert the record. 19.Differentiate between Repository and Built-In ? In Built-In we can manually edit the data as data is kept locally in the job whereas in repository all the data is stored there only. We can extract only Read-only-information into the job from repository. 20.Which option is better Built-in or Repository? It simply depends on the way we use it. We should use Built-in for the data which we use rarely and use the Repository for the data which we use repeatedly. 21.Differentiate between On Component Ok and On Subject Ok ? They both are trigger links which can connect to another subject job. The major difference between both of them is that they both lies in the execution order of the connected subjobs. 22.In talend how the delimited data be normalized? We can normalized the delimited data by clicking on the tNormalized component. 23.Define tMap ? tMap is the latest component which simply converts and routes data from one or many sources to one or many destinations. 24.Tmap component support which types of joins? tMap supports inner,unique,outer, and all joins. 25.Define tDenormalize Sorted Row? tDenormalize Sorted Row is bundled in a group of all input sorted rows. It helps in saving the memory by synthesizing sorted input flow. 26.For data transform using built in .Net classes which Talend component is used? For transforming the data by utilizing custom we can use tDotNETRow component. 27.What do you mean by tJoin? By exact matching the several columns of tables the tJoin joins the two tables. 28.Define MDM in talend ? It is a management by which an organization makes and manage a single, consistent and correct view of key enterprise data. 29.In 5.6 version of Talend what is new? The new feature in talend 5.6 is that it have more technical notes. It also have enterprise and open studio solution. 30.Write the advantages of talend ? It is highly versatile, cost effective, user friendly and readily adaptable. 31.Define project ? It is the bundle of technical resources and their respective metadata. All the jobs and business items which we designe is known as project only. 32. What do you understand by the term workspace? It is kind of repository where we can store our folders. It is mandatory to have one workspace repository per connection. 33.Define an item? An item is a fundamental technical part in a project. They are bundled according to their types as code,metadata,contex, etc. 34.What do you understand by the term Migration Task in Talend? It is done to ensure the worth fullness of a project which we have developed with the previous version of Talend. 35.What is the use of Palette setting in talend? It allow us to launch the studio more fastly because by using this only the current component is loaded in the project. 36.Define Talend data generator routine? it is a function which allow us to create group of set data. They are based on the entry of first name, address,town, etc. 37.What are the steps to replace an element in a string? We can replace one element with another in a string by using Change routine along with tJava components. 38.How we can store a string in an alphabetical order? We can store a string in an alphabetical order by using ALPHA routine with tJava component. 39.What is the use of String Handling Routines? It allow us to take out many operations and test on alphanumeric expressions relay on Java methods. 40.What is the use of Numeric Routine? It allow us to revisit whole or decimal numbers in order to use them as setting in one or more job mechanism. 41.What is the use of Job view? It shows many information belongs to the open job on the design workspace. 42.Define scheduler ? This view is used to arrange a task in a sequence that will launch one by one the job which we select through the crontab program. 43.Define configuration tabs ? It is situated in the bottom half of the design workspace. Every tab open a view which shows the properties of the selected elements in the design workspace. 44.What do you understand by the term Routines? they are the somewhat complicated Java functions, mostly used to factorize code. It recover Job capacities and optimized data procedure. 45.What is the use of tXML map operation? With using this we are able to add various input and output flow as needed into the visual map editor to execute. 46.How we can access global and contex variable? By clicking Cntrl+ Space key we can access global and contex variable. 47.How we can use inner join? This join is a specific type of join which differentiate itself by the way refusal is performed. 48.What are the operations which tMap allows? data transformation on any type of fields data multiplexing and demultiplexing, fields concatenation and interchange, data rejecting field filtering using constraints 49. What is Talend Open Studio? Talend Open Studio for Data Integration is an open source data integration product developed by Talend and designed to combine, convert and update data in various locations across a business. 50. What is the difference between the ETL and ELT? ETL: Extract, Transform, and load(ETL) is a process that involves extracting data from outside source, transforming it to fit operational needs (sometimes using staging tables), then loading it into the end target database or data warehouse. This approach is reasonable as long as many different databases are involved in your data warehouse landscape. In this scenario you have to transport data from one place to another anyway, so it’s a legitimate way to do the transformation work in a separate specialized engine. ELT: Extract, Load, Transform(ELT) is a process where data is extracted, then loaded into staging table in the database, transforming it. Where it sits in the database and then loading it into the target database or data warehouse. 51. What is thew use of tLoqateAddressRow component in Talend? This Component is used to correct mailing addresses associated with customer data to ensure a single customer view and better delivery for their customer mailings. 52. What do you understand by MDM in Talend? Master Data Management, through which an organization builds and manages a single, consistent, accurate view of key enterprise data, has demonstrated substantial business value including improvements to operational efficiency, marketing effectiveness, strategic planning and regulatory compliance. To data, however, MDM has been the privilege of a relatively small number of large, resource-rich organizations. Thwarted by the prohibitive costs of proprietary MDM software and the great difficulty of building and maintaining an in-house MDM solution, most organization have had to forego MDM despite its clear value. 53. What’s new in v5.6? This technical note highlights the important new features and capabilities of version 5.6 of Talend’s comprehensive suite of Platform, Enterprise and Open Studio solutions. With version 5.6 Talend: Extends it big data leadership position enabling firms to move beyond batch processing and into real-time big data by providing technical previews of the Apache Spark, Apache Spark Streaming and Apache Storm frameworks. Enhances its support for the Internet of Things (loT) by introducing support for key loT protocols (MQTT, AMQP) to gather and collect information from machines, sensors, or other devices. Improves Big Dta performance: Map Reduce executes on average 24% faster in v5.6 and 53% faster than in v5.4, while Big Data profiling performance is typically 20 times faster in v5.6 compared to v5.5. Enables faster updates to MDM data models and provides deeper control of data lineage, more visibility and control. Offers further enterprise application connectivity and support by continuing to add to its extensive list of over 800 connectors and components with enhanced support for enterprise applications such as SAP BAPI and Tables, Oracle 12 GoldenGate CDC, Microsoft HDInsight, Marketo and Salesforce.com 54. What is the advantage of Talend? Talend is cost-effective, easy to use, readily adaptable and extremely versatile. With the help of the graphical user interface we can easily and quickly link up a large number of source systems using the standard connectors. 55. Describe the ETL process? Extraction, Transformation and Loading (ETL) processes are critical components for feeding a data warehouse, a business intelligence system, or a big data platform. While mostly invisible to users of a business intelligence platform, an ETL process retrieves data from operational systems and pre-processes it for further analysis by reporting and analytics tools. The accuracy and timeliness of the entire business intelligence platform rely on ETL processes, specifically: Extraction of the data from production applications and databases (ERP, CRM, RDBMS, files, etc.) Transformation of this data to reconcile it across source systems, perform calculations or string parsing, enrich it with external lookup information, and also match the format required by the target system (third normal form, star schema, slowly changing dimensions, etc.) Loading of the resulting data into various business intelligence (BI) applications: Data Warehouse or Enterprise Data Warehouse, Data Marts, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) applications or “cubes”, etc. 56. What is tJoin? tJoin joins two tables by doing an exact match on several columns. It compares columns from the main flow with reference columns from the lookup flows and outputs the main flow data and/or the rejected data. TALEND Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

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IBPS RRB EXAMINATION 2020,IBPS RRB MOCK TEST SERIES,IBPS RRB ASSISTANT ,OFFICER EXAM SYLLABUS,NOTIFICATION,ELIGIBILITY,RECRUITMENT - APPLY ONLINE NOW

The recruitment notification for IBPS RRB 2020 exam has been released by IBPS on last day of June 2020. You can download the Official Notification by clicking on the link mentioned below. With release of IBPS RRB Notification 2020, IBPS has also released the exam dates, eligibility criteria, online application link, vacancies, selection procees, exam centers, pattern and syllabus etc. and thenew exam dates has alse been released by RRB along with its official notification.

IBPS RRB Vacancies

The total number of vacancies for IBPS RRB 2020 exam has been published along with its official notification. IBPS introduced 9698 vacancies for IBPS RRB 2020 examination. The table for Post-wise vacancies is mentioned below. The number of vacancies for IBPS RRB 2020 are 4682 for Office Assistant and 3800 for Officer Grade-I. Let's have a look at the table of IBPS RRB Vacancy for 2020 Office Assistant & Officer Scale-I, II & III exam.

Posts

Vacancies

IBPS RRB Office Assistant (Multipurpose)

4682

IBPS RRB Officer Scale -I

3800

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (Agriculture Officer)

100

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (Marketing Officer)

08

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (Treasury Officer)

03

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (Law)

26

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (CA)

26

IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II (IT)

59

Officer Scale-II (General Banking Officer)

838

Officer Scale – III

156

Total

9,698

Last year, the total number of vacancies for IBPS RRB Exam was 8354.

 IBPS RRB 2020 Exam Pattern

The exam pattern for the selection to the post of Office Assistant is quite different to that of exam pattern for the selection to the post of Officer Grade. For IBPS RRB Assistant 2020, Exam will be conducted in two phases:

• Preliminary     Exam

• Mains Exam

No interview process will be conducted for selecting candidates to the post of Office Assistant. Selection will be made purely on the marks obtained by candidate in his/her Mains Examination.

IBPS Assistant Preliminary Exam Pattern

S. No.

Section

Question

Marks

Duration

1.

Reasoning

40

40

A cumulative time of 45 mins

2.

Numerical Ability

40

40

Total

80

80

IBPS Assistant Mains Exam Exam Pattern

S. No.

Section

Question

Marks

Duration

1

Reasoning Paper

40

50

A cumulative time of 2 hours  is provided

2

General Awareness Paper

40

40

3

Numerical Ability Paper

40

50

4

English/Hindi Language Paper

40

40

5

Computer Knowledge

40

20

Total

200

200

No interview is required after the Mains Exam to get selected for the post of Office Assistant.

IBPS RRB Officer 2020 Exam Pattern

For IBPS RRB Officer 2020, exam will be conducted in three phases:

• Preliminary     Exam

• Mains Exam

• Interview     Process

The final selection will be made on the cumulative score obtained by candidate in both Mains Exam and Interview Process

.

IBPS RRB 2020 Officer Grade Preliminary Examination

S. No.

Section

Question

Marks

Duration

1.

Reasoning

40

40

A cumulative

2.

Numerical Ability

40

40

time of 45 mins

Total

80

80

-

IBPS RRB 2020 Mains Exam (Officer Scale-I)

S. No.

Section

Question

Marks

Duration

1

Reasoning

40

50

A cumulative

2

General Awareness

40

40

time of

3

Numerical Ability

40

50

2 hours is

4

English/Hindi Language

40

40

provided

5

Computer Knowledge

40

20

Total

200

200

A common exam (single exam) will be conducted for IBPS RRB Officer Scale-II & III this year to select candidates on the basis of their professional knowledge.

 IBPS RRB 2020 Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for IBPS RRB 2020 Exam, a candidate is required to fulfil the given eligibility criteria:

Eligibility Criteria

Requirement

Nationality / Citizenship

  a Citizen of India or a subject of Nepal or

  a subject of Bhutan or

  a Tibetan Refugee who came over to India before       1st January 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or

  a person of Indian origin who has migrated from       Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the       United Republic of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika and Zanzibar), Zambia,       Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnam with the intention of permanently       settling in India, provided that a candidate belonging to categories       (ii), (iii), (iv) & (v) above shall be a person in whose favour a       certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

 Age Limit (As on 01.07.2020)

For Office Assistant (Multipurpose)-  Between 18 years and 28 years i.e. candidates should have not been born  earlier than 02.07.1992 and later than 01.07.2002 (both dates inclusive).  For Officer Scale- I  (Assistant Manager)- Above 18 years - Below 30 years i.e.  candidates should not have been born earlier than 03.07.1990 and later than  30.06.2002 (both dates inclusive).  For Officer Scale- II  (Manager)- Above 21 years - Below 32 years i.e. candidates  should not have been born earlier than 03.07.1990 and later than 30.06.2002  (both dates inclusive).  For Officer Scale- III  (Senior Manager)- Above 21 years - Below 40 years i.e.  candidates should not have been born earlier than 03.07.1980 and later than  30.06.1999 (both dates inclusive).

Language Proficiency

  Candidates applying for the posts of Office       Assistant in any particular RRB are required to possess proficiency in       the local language of the State/ UT in which the RRB is situated to be       eligible for interview.

    Educational Qualification    

Post

Educational Qualification

Experience

Office Assistant (Multipurpose)

Bachelor’s degree in any  discipline from a recognized University or its equivalent  (a) Proficiency in local language as prescribed by the participating RRB/s*  (b) Desirable: Working knowledge of Computer.

----

Officer Scale-I (Assistant Manager)

i. Bachelor’s degree in any  discipline from a recognized University or its equivalent Preference will be  given to the candidates having degree in Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry,  Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering, Pisciculture,  Agricultural Marketing and Cooperation, Information Technology, Management,  Law, Economics or Accountancy;  ii. Proficiency in local language as prescribed by the participating RRB/s*  iii. Desirable: working knowledge of Computer.

----

Officer Scale-II General Banking Officer  (Manager)

Bachelor’s degree in any  discipline from a recognized University or its equivalent with a minimum of  50% marks in aggregate. Preference will be given to the candidates having degree  in Banking, Finance, Marketing, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Animal  Husbandry, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering, Pisciculture,  Agricultural Marketing and Cooperation, Information Technology, Management,  Law, Economics and Accountancy.

Two years as an officer in a  Bank or Financial Institution.

Officer Scale-II Specialist Officers  (Manager)

Information  Technology Officer  Bachelor’s degree from a recognised University in Electronics / Communication  / Computer Science / Information Technology or its equivalent with a minimum  of 50% marks in aggregate. Desirable:  Certificate in ASP, PHP, C++, Java, VB, VC, OCP etc.

One year (in the relevant  field)

Chartered  Accountant  Certified Associate (CA) from Institute of Chartered Accountants of of India.

One Year as a Chartered  Accountant.

Law  Officer  Degree from a recognised University in Law or its equivalent with a minimum  of 50% marks in aggregate.

Two years as an advocate or  should have worked as Law Officer in Banks or Financial Institutions for a  period of not less than two years

Treasury  Manager  Chartered Accountant or MBA in Finance from a recognized university/  institution

One Year (in the relevant  field)

Marketing  Officer  MBA in Marketing from a recognized university

One Year (in the relevant  field)

Agricultural  Officer  Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture/ Horticulture/ Dairy/ Animal Husbandry/  Forestry/ Veterinary Science/ Agricultural Engineering/ Pisciculture from a  recognized university or its equivalent with a minimum of 50% marks in  aggregate

Two Years (in therelevant  field)

Officer Scale-III (Senior Manager)

Bachelor’s degree in any  discipline from a recognized University or its equivalent with a minimum of  50% marks in aggregate. Preference will be given to the candidates having  Degree/ Diploma in Banking, Finance, Marketing, Agriculture, Horticulture,  Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Veterinary Science, Agricultural Engineering,  Pisciculture, Agricultural Marketing and Co-operation, Information  Technology, Management, Law, Economics and Accountancy.

Minimum 5 years experience as  an Officer in a Bank or Financial Institutions

  Category Wise Age Relaxation:    

Category

Age Relaxation

SC/ST

5 years

OBC

3 years

PWD

10 years

Ex-Servicemen/Disabled  Ex-Servicemen

Actual period of service  rendered in the defence forces + 3 years (8 years for Disabled Ex-Servicemen  belonging to SC/ST) subject to a maximum age limit of 50 years

Widows, Divorced women and  women legally separated from their husbands who have not remarried

9 years

 BPS RRB 2020 Syllabus

The syllabus for IBPS RRB 2020 is almost same for IBPS RRB Assistant 2020 and IBPS RRB Officer 2020. Apart from the below mentioned sections, an additional section of professional knowledge section is asked for the Specialist Officer Grade-II.

Reasoning Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Odd man out

Analogy

Syllogism

Coding-Decoding

Blood Relation

Alphabet Test

Series Test

Number

Ranking and Time

Causes and Effects

Direction Sense Test

Sitting Arrangements

Decision Making

Statement and Assumption

Figure Series

Assertion and Reason

Statement and Conclusion

Word Formation

Statement and Arguments

Statements and Action Courses

Figure Series Test

Miscellaneous Tests

  Quantitative Aptitude Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Number System

HCF and LCM

Decimal Fraction

Profit and Loss

Simple Interest

Compound Interest

Time and Work

Time and Distance

Averages

Simplification

Partnership

Percentages

Ratio and Proportion

Averages

Case Studies

Charts and Graphs

Permutation and Combination

Probability

  English Language Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Spotting Errors

Commonly Misspelled Words

Jumbled Words

Phrase Substitution

Fill in the Blanks

Jumbled up sentences

Idioms and Phrases

Cloze Tests

Comprehension

One word Substitution

  Hindi Language Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Vyakaran

Fill in the Blanks

Mistakes

Paragraphs

  Computer Knowledge Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Computer Fundamentals

Computer Abbreviations

Software and Hardware  Fundamentals

Shortcut Keys

Networking

Basic Knowledge of Internet

MS Office

History of Computers

Database

Security Tools

History and Future of  Computers

Virus, Hacking

  General Awareness Syllabus for IBPS RRB Exam    

Current Affairs

Social Function of Banks

Countries/Currencies

UNO

Indian and International  Economy

Marketing

Banking Terms

Awards and Honors

RBI

Sports

Books and Authors

Finance

Fiscal Monetary Policies

Agriculture

Repo and Reverse Repo Rate

History of Banking

 To know more about IBPS RRB and take practice test visit:  http://www.bankachievers.com/ibps-rrb-exam-2020.php

[jeeteshsurana]

Check Floating value

  conditions:-> 1. should be a dot or float value [. necessary ] 2. should not enter zero or double zero after dot [ .00 not allow] 3. [.001] is allowed solution:- //checking decimal value after the Dot     private fun checkDecimal(userBidPrice: String): Boolean {         return if (!Pattern.matches("[+-]?([0-9]+([.][0]*)?|[.][0]+)", userBidPrice)) {             if (Pattern.matches("[+-]?([0-9]+([.][1-9]*)?|[.][1-9]+)", userBidPrice)) {                 true             } else Pattern.matches("[+-]?([0-9]+([.][0-9]*)?|[.][1-9]+)", userBidPrice)         } else {             false         }     } ___________________________________________________________________ Description About Regular Expression : -  Regular Expression Syntax

Problem

You need to learn the syntax of Java regular expressions.

Solution

Consult Table 4-1 for a list of the regular expression characters.

Discussion

These pattern characters let you specify regexes of considerable power. In building patterns, you can use any combination of ordinary text and the metacharacters, or special characters, in Table 4-1. These can all be used in any combination that makes sense. For example, a+ means any number of occurrences of the letter a, from one up to a million or a gazillion. The pattern Mrs?\. matches Mr. or Mrs. And .* means “any character, any number of times,” and is similar in meaning to most command-line interpreters’ meaning of the \* alone. The pattern \d+ means any number of numeric digits. \d{2,3}means a two- or three-digit number.

Table 4-1. Regular expression metacharacter syntax

Subexpression Matches Notes

General

\^

Start of line/string

$

End of line/string

\b

Word boundary

\B

Not a word boundary

\A

Beginning of entire string

\z

End of entire string

\Z

End of entire string (except allowable final line terminator)

See Matching Newlines in Text

.

Any one character (except line terminator)

[…]

“Character class”; any one character from those listed

[\^…]

Any one character not from those listed

See Using regexes in Java: Test for a Pattern

Alternation and Grouping

(…)

Grouping (capture groups)

See Finding the Matching Text

|

Alternation

(?:_re_ )

Noncapturing parenthesis

\G

End of the previous match

\ n

Back-reference to capture group number "n"

Normal (greedy) quantifiers

{ m,n }

quantifiers for “from m to nrepetitions”

See Replacing the Matched Text

{ m ,}

quantifiers for "m or more repetitions”

{ m }

quantifiers for “exactly mrepetitions”

See Program: Apache Logfile Parsing

{,n }

quantifiers for 0 up to nrepetitions

\*

quantifiers for 0 or more repetitions

Short for {0,}

+

quantifiers for 1 or more repetitions

Short for {1,}; see Using regexes in Java: Test for a Pattern

?

quantifiers for 0 or 1 repetitions (i.e, present exactly once, or not at all)

Short for {0,1}

Reluctant (non-greedy) quantifiers

{ m,n }?

Reluctant quantifiers for “from m to nrepetitions”

{ m ,}?

Reluctant quantifiers for "m or more repetitions”

{,n }?

Reluctant quantifiers for 0 up to nrepetitions

\*?

Reluctant quantifiers: 0 or more

+?

Reluctant quantifiers: 1 or more

See Program: Apache Logfile Parsing

??

Reluctant quantifiers: 0 or 1 times

Possessive (very greedy) quantifiers

{ m,n }+

Possessive quantifiers for “from m to nrepetitions”

{ m ,}+

Possessive quantifiers for "m or more repetitions”

{,n }+

Possessive quantifiers for 0 up to nrepetitions

\*+

Possessive quantifiers: 0 or more

++

Possessive quantifiers: 1 or more

?+

Possessive quantifiers: 0 or 1 times

Escapes and shorthands

\

Escape (quote) character: turns most metacharacters off; turns subsequent alphabetic into metacharacters

\Q

Escape (quote) all characters up to \E

\E

Ends quoting begun with \Q

\t

Tab character

\r

Return (carriage return) character

\n

Newline character

See Matching Newlines in Text

\f

Form feed

\w

Character in a word

Use \w+ for a word; see Program: Apache Logfile Parsing

\W

A non-word character

\d

Numeric digit

Use \d+ for an integer; see Using regexes in Java: Test for a Pattern

\D

A non-digit character

\s

Whitespace

Space, tab, etc., as determined by java.lang.Character.isWhitespace( )

\S

A nonwhitespace character

See Program: Apache Logfile Parsing

Unicode blocks (representative samples)

\p{InGreek}

A character in the Greek block

(simple block)

\P{InGreek}

Any character not in the Greek block

\p{Lu}

An uppercase letter

(simple category)

\p{Sc}

A currency symbol

POSIX-style character classes (defined only for US-ASCII)

\p{Alnum}

Alphanumeric characters

[A-Za-z0-9]

\p{Alpha}

Alphabetic characters

[A-Za-z]

\p{ASCII}

Any ASCII character

[\x00-\x7F]

\p{Blank}

Space and tab characters

\p{Space}

Space characters

[ \t\n\x0B\f\r]

\p{Cntrl}

Control characters

[\x00-\x1F\x7F]

\p{Digit}

Numeric digit characters

[0-9]

\p{Graph}

Printable and visible characters (not spaces or control characters)

\p{Print}

Printable characters

\p{Punct}

Punctuation characters

One of !"#$%&'()\*+,-./:;<=>?@[]\^_`{|}\~

\p{Lower}

Lowercase characters

[a-z]

\p{Upper}

Uppercase characters

[A-Z]

\p{XDigit}

Hexadecimal digit characters

[0-9a-fA-F]

[file-formats-programming]

Convert Equation XML to Office Math & Animated GIF Bookmarks inside Java Apps

What's New in this Release?

Aspose development team is happy to announce the monthly release of Aspose.Words for Java 18.9. Starting from Aspose.Words 18.9, the bookmarks are allowed on block, cell and row levels. It has added AnnotationsAtBlockLevel and AnnotationsAtBlockLevelAsDefault properties in LoadOptions class to work with block level bookmarks. A new proeprty LoadOptions.ConvertShapeToOfficeMath has been added in this version of Aspose.Words to convert shapes with EquationXML to Office Math objects. It has added new property UnconditionalMergeFieldsAndRegions in MailMerge class to merge fields and merge regions regardless of the parent IF field’s condition. Previously Aspose.Words used to create random owner password in the produced PDF document when PdfEncryptionDetails.OwnerPassword was not set by the user. There are 85 improvements and fixes in this regular monthly release. such as Animated GIF is fully supported now, MANIFEST.MF updated to support new OSGI versions, TIFF colors accuracy improved, Java 10 and Java 11 compatibility improved: reflection for safe using of optional external libraries is removed, Bookmarks are allowed on block, cell, row level, Added load option to treat Shapes with math XML as Shapes in the model, Provided option to choose between Old and New Mail Merge behaviors, Improved PDF encryption in case when owner password is not specified, Metafile rendering improved: fixed drawing records processing when path bracket is opened, fixed processing of EMR_SETBKMODE record when incorrect values specified, Improved output image quality when rendering metafiles with raster operations set, Fixed handling of glyphs without outlines when parsing glyph data while rendering, Improved rendering of the mathematical element “Apostrophe” of the MathML object, Improved justification of Asian texts, Improved rendering of revisions in balloons, Improved text placement around floating shapes and many more. The list of most notable new and improved features added in this release are given below

Aspose.Words conversion throw error in Docker

Add load option to treat Shapes with math XML as Shapes in the model

Support insertion of Bookmarks at Block, Row and Cell levels

Investigate Aspose.Words for .NET containerization

Provide option to choose between Old and New Mail Merge behaviors

Significant decrease of performance getting bookmark

Table Bookmark gets deleted when importing Table

Incorrect wrapping around a table because of WrapGap issue.

Create tests for API 18.06

AW doesn't move text to the new line for tables with thick borders

Aspose.Words sets owner password when only user password is specified during conversion to PDF

Add unit tests code coverage analysis to development process

Improve table bookmarks

Improve through wrapping of text boxes

Update Manifest generation according to changed packages and new OSGI versions    

Ampersand changes alphabetical sort order for INDEX field

Right-aligned tab-stops conversion issue in resultant MHTML

Image sometimes do not render in exported HTML

Math symbols are being read incorrectly

Animated GIF rendered to PDF with a bottom gray band

ReportingEngine.buildReport throws "Multiple decimal separators in pattern "yyyy.MM.dd"

DOCX to PDF conversion issue with image's color

RtfLoadOptions.setRecognizeUtf8Text() does not work

Wrong export declaration in MANIFEST.MF

Docx to Png/Pdf conversion issue with table's autofit behavior

Tables misaligned in rendered PDF

Text at the end of page flows to the next page when saving Word as PDF

Shape's text and color is lost in output PDF/DOC

DOCX to PDF conversion issue with table rendering

Extra lines are rendered after conversion from DOCX to PDF

Size of picture changes after re-saving DOC

Format revisions and comments are not rendered correctly in PDF

Shape's position is changed in output PDF

Empty pages are rendered in output PDF

MACROBUTTON HTMLDirect is not rendered in output PDF

Paragraph floats towards left page margin in PDF

DOCX to PDF conversion issue with shape's position

Trendlines in graphs on word documents not displaying

Formula breaks when document is resaved

MailMergeCleanupOptions.RemoveUnusedFields removes REF field from the footer

Asian text is justified incorrectly

The EQ field does not render in output Jpeg when Document.GetPageInfo is called

Image's content is lost after using Document.AppendDocument

Hidden bookmarks are not correct after re-saving DOCX

The EQ field does not render in output Jpeg

Font name and size is changed after appending one document into another

Vertical spacing not preserved in PDF

Open Save a DOCX causes Tabs to become Underlined

Endnotes becoming corrupted when saving DOC to DOCX

Endnotes becoming corrupted when saving DOC to DOCX

Endnotes becoming corrupted when saving DOC to DOCX

Endnotes Footnotes becoming corrupted when saving DOC

TOC isn't rendered properly in PDF output

Fopc Strict can be written, but reading fails

Chart axis is wrong in Aspose.Words generated .pdf

An error raises while using ComHelper class.

Picture does not render correctly

Picture does not render correctly

Equation is not rendered correctly in PDF

DOCX to PDF conversion issue with cell borders

DOCX to PDF conversion issue with textbox shape glow

Incorrect color of the axis after converting to PDF

Color shade inside the shape is missing in output PDF

Irregular shapes, Missing colors, Incomplete shapes in output PDF

Fill color in shapes is missing in output PDF

Irregular shapes, Missing colors, Incomplete shapes in output PDF

Bookmark position is not preserved during open/save

Table in Shape overlaps the other Page content in fixed page formats

Newly added documentation pages and articles

Some new tips and articles have now been added into Aspose.Words for .NET documentation that may guide users briefly how to use Aspose.Words for performing different tasks like the followings.

Working with Bookmark on Block, Cell, Row Levels

Import Shapes with Math XML as Shapes into DOM

Overview: Aspose.Words

Aspose.Words is a word processing component that enables .NET, Java & Android applications to read, write and modify Word documents without using Microsoft Word. Other useful features include document creation, content and formatting manipulation, mail merge abilities, reporting features, TOC updated/rebuilt, Embedded OOXML, Footnotes rendering and support of DOCX, DOC, WordprocessingML, HTML, XHTML, TXT and PDF formats (requires Aspose.Pdf). It supports both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems. You can even use Aspose.Words for .NET to build applications with Mono.

More about Aspose.Words

Homepage Java Word Library

Download Aspose.Words for Java

Online documentation of Aspose.Words

Post your technical questions/queries to Aspose.Words Forum

Receive notifications about latest news and supported features by subscribing to Aspose.Words Blog

[techgroup-sixwares-blog]

AngularJS Interview Questions & Answers

AngularJS Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is AngularJS?

AngularJS is a javascript framework used for creating single web page applications.  It allows you to use HTML as your template language and enables you to extend HTML’s syntax to express your application’s components clearly.

2. Explain what are the key features of AngularJS?

The key features of AngularJS are

Scope Controller View Model Services Data Binding Directives Testable Filters 3. What is scope in AngularJS?

Scopes are objects that refer to the model. They act as glue between controller and view.

4. What are the controllers in AngularJS?

Controllers are JavaScript functions that are bound to a particular scope. They are the prime actors in AngularJS framework and carry functions to operate on data and decide which view is to be updated to show the updated model based data.

5. What are the services in AngularJS?

AngularJS come with several built-in services. For example $https: service is used to make XMLHttpRequests (Ajax calls). Services are singleton objects which are instantiated only once in app.

6.What Are Filters? Explain Different Filters Provided By AngularJS?

An AngularJS Filter changes or transforms the data before passing it to the view. These Filters work in combination with AngularJS expressions or directives. AngularJS uses pipe character (“|”) to add filters to the expressions or directives. For example:

<p> {{ bid | currency }} </p> The above example is an expression enclosed in the curly braces. The filter used in this expression is currency. Also important to note that filters are case-sensitive.

AngularJS provides following filters to transform data.

currency – It is used to format a number to a currency format. date – It is required to format a date to a specified format. filter – It chooses a subset of items from an array. json – It formats an object to a JSON string. limitTo – Its purpose is to create an array or string containing a specified number of elements/characters. The elements are selected, either from the beginning or the end of the source array or string. This depends on the value and sign (positive or negative) of the limit. lowercase – This filter converts a string to lower case. number – It formats a number as text. orderBy – It enables to sort an array. By default, sorting of strings happens alphabetically. And sorting of numbers is done numerically. It also supports a comparator function where we can define what will be counted as a match or not. uppercase – This filter converts a string to upper case. 7.Explain What Directives Are? Mention Some Of The Most Commonly Used Directives In AngularJS Application?

AngularJS extends the behavior of HTML and DOM elements with new attributes called Directives. It directs the AngularJS’s HTML compiler ($compile) to attach a unique action to that DOM element. This AngularJS component starts with the prefix “ng.”

Following is the list of AngularJS built-in directives.

ng-bind – The ng-bind directive tells AngularJS to replace the content of an HTML element with the value of a given variable, or expression. If there is any change in the value of the given variable or expression, then the content of the specified HTML element will also be updated accordingly. It supports one-way binding only. ng-model – This directive is used to bind the value of HTML controls (input, select, text area) to application data. It is responsible for linking the view into the model. Directives such as ‘input’, ‘text area’, and ‘select’ require it. It supports two-way data binding. ng-class – This directive dynamically binds one or more CSS classes to an HTML element. The value of the ng-class directive can be a string, an object, or an array. ng-app – Just like the “Main()” function of Java language, this directive marks the beginning of the application to AngularJS’s HTML compiler ($compile). If we do not use this directive first, an error gets generated. ng-init – This is used to initialize the application data so that we can use it in the block where it is declared. If an application requires local data like a single value or an array of values, this can be achieved using the ng-init directive. ng-repeat – This repeats a set of HTML statements for the defined number of times. The set of HTML statements will be repeated once per item in a collection. This collection must be an array or an object. We can even create custom directives and use them in our AngularJS Application.

8. Why AngularJS?

AngularJS lets us extend HTML vocabulary for our application resulting in an expressive, readable, and quick to develop environment . Some of the advantages are:

   MVC implementation is done right.    It extends HTML using directives, expression and data binding techniques to define a powerful HTML template.    Two way data-binding, form validations, routing supports, inbuilt services.    REST friendly.    Dependency injection support.    It helps you to structure and test your JavaScript code. 9. Is AngularJS compatible with all browsers?

Yes AngularJS is compatible with the following browsers: Safari, Chrome, Firefox, Opera 15, IE9 and mobile browsers (Android, Chrome Mobile, iOS Safari).

10. How to implement routing in AngularJS?

It is a five-step process:

Step 1: – Add the “Angular-route.js” file to your view. Step 2: – Inject “ngroute” functionality while creating Angular app object. Step 3: – Configure the route provider. Step 4: – Define hyperlinks. Step 5: – Define sections where to load the view. 11. List Down The Popular AngularJS IDE Plugins/Extensions For Web Development?

Here is a list of IDE Plugins and Extensions which can enhance the way you code with AngularJS:

Sublime Text WebStorm Eclipse Netbeans Visual Studio 2012/2013 Express or higher TextMate Brackets ATOM 12. Mention what are the advantages of using AngularJS ?

AngularJS has several advantages in web development.

AngularJS supports MVC pattern Can do two ways data binding using AngularJS It has per-defined form validations It supports both client server communication It supports animations 13. Who created Angular JS ?

Intially it was developed by Misko Hevery and Adam Abrons. Currently it is being developed by Google.

14. What Is The Difference Between One-Way Binding And Two-Way Binding?

The main difference between one-way binding and two-way binding is as follows.

In one-way binding, the scope variable in the HTML gets initialized with the first value its model specifies. In two-way binding, the scope variable will change its value whenever the model gets a different value.