#client server architecture

[mamtarajshree]

Client Server Database Architecture

Client Server Database Architecture Client server database architecture consists of two logical components. One is “Client” and the other one is “Server”. Clients are those who send the request to perform a specific task to the server. Servers are normally receive the command sent by the clients, perform the task and send the appropriate result back to the client. Example of client is PC where as…

[blank-potato]

Savour It

Pairing: Antonin Carême x Reader

Summary:

“Someone will hear us.” You’d keep making excuses until there were none left to hide behind. “If you’re so worried, then we can keep you quiet,” Antonin says, taking a vanilla éclair and gently placing it in your mouth. “Perfect.” “You’re lucky, you know? I make the best vanilla éclairs in Paris,” Antonin adds with a wicked little grin. “Oh really?” you say, or at least try to say, muffled by the pastry. But from what you can taste, he’s not wrong—the cream is rich and silky, the choux pastry light, melting in your mouth like a secret. Or After your encounter at your private dinner, Antonin finally returns, and you are finally satisfied.

Tags/Warnings: 18+ Explicit Content, food and sex, p in v, oral sex (female and male receiving), public sex, kissing but with vanilla éclairs, inappropriate use of éclairs, chocolate cake and whipped cream

WC: 3.3k

A/N: This is part 2 of Take A Bite, which is linked below. I saw him lick whipped cream off Henriette, and I knew I needed to write something. Also the line "want you to feed me and fuck me," from Lust by Shreea Kaul felt especially inspiring (I write all my best smut listening to this song fr)

Part 1

🫧🫧🫧

“You want him?” Talleyrand asks with a hint of amusement. 

It had been two weeks now since Antonin had cooked for you, and it was two weeks too long. Your taste buds longed for his food just as much as the rest of your body longed for him. 

“For a party I’m throwing. I need the elegance, the precision… and the kind of culinary brilliance only he can deliver. So, therefore, I must have the best chef, no?” you say, your tone light, but your gaze flickers.

Your composed look falters as you step forward, coming as close as you can to begging without actually falling to your knees.

“Whatever it is you require, I will be at your disposal. I just… I would like to have him again.”

Talleyrand smirks, as if he’s caught something in your voice. You know you’re showing a crack in your armour — a longing, a weakness for Antonin — but in this moment, you don’t care.

“I’ll see what I can do,” he replies.

🫧🫧🫧

It took some convincing, and no small amount of money and favours, to get Talleyrand to lend him to you, but it was money well spent. The lengths you’d go to for Antonin Carême had to be studied.

The morning of the party, your servant quietly allows him into your bedchamber.

Subconsciously, your fingers grip the sheets. It felt too intimate to have him see you like this. Half-draped in linen, hair unruly, face still softened by sleep.

But then he's there, and you find yourself smiling just from the comfort of his presence.

“I’m here to show you the menu I have planned for tonight,” he says, unfolding a parchment with neat, looping script. You catch sight of it, and even his handwriting was attractive, you were well and truly done for.

He goes through the courses, and you’re barely listening. You're watching his lips as he talks, tracing the curve of his mouth with your eyes. You're in a state of disarray, still curled beneath your covers, but there's no shame, only the strange vulnerability of wanting.

“And for dessert?” you ask softly.

“An assortment of your favourites,” he replies without hesitation.

“How do you…?”

“A chef must know his clients,” he says, looking at you in a way that makes your breath catch.

He finishes, offers you the faintest of bows, and disappears out of your room just as quickly as he arrived.

You stare at the door for a long moment, already wanting him back the moment he left.

🫧🫧🫧

The party is a success. Laughter, music, and the clinking of crystal glasses floated through the air, paired with warm conversation and exquisite food.

Everything Antonin served was genius, as always, and you would expect no less. Now the servers begin bringing in dessert, and he presents it himself. There was chocolate cake that was close to being an architectural marvel, vanilla éclairs, macarons, everything you loved; he delivered. 

Just as you reach for your spoon, his hand wraps gently around yours, loosening your grip.

“May I?” he asks, voice low and intimate, as he takes a spoonful of the chocolate cake and brings it to your lips. 

You take a bite and it’s like magic. 

This time, you’re transported—not just by the taste, but by the look in his eyes. It’s like you’re now in a bedroom, the curtains drawn, the soft scent of jasmine in the air, and Antonin under you. The dining room, the guests, the world—they all fall away.

It’s just you and Antonin. As the chocolate danced on your tongue, you imagined his hands on your body. 

Teasing, licking, kissing.

Exploring every inch of you, making you his next masterpiece. 

You can almost imagine his soft voice in your ear, pushing you towards the edge, pushing you to the point of madness. 

As the sweet taste of sugar settles in your mouth, you feel almost weightless. Like he had given you a kiss not just on your lips, but somewhere deeper, somewhere that lingered in your chest and made your bones feel like air.

You open your eyes, your lisp leaving the spoon as he pulls it out of your mouth. It’s completely licked clean of the chocolate; every part of it had to be savoured after all. 

Soon enough, they all finish their food, and you watch as the dining room empties, guests filing out as they head off to enjoy the rest of the festivities you had in store. You sit at the head of the dining room table, and the door opens to reveal your favourite chef.

“What are you doing hiding away in here?” he asks, stepping into the soft candlelight with that familiar glint in his eye.

“Taking a breath,” you reply, and you weren’t lying, you needed one.

“And here I thought you were waiting for me.”

“Maybe that too.”

He approaches slowly, coming closer to you, and you feel the tension settle over the room. 

“Did I do a good job?” he asks, his voice dipping lower as he leans a bit closer, looking at you with those pretty eyes of his, the kind that always seem to see too much.

“It was wonderful, truly. I’ve never seen my friends so impressed…”

“And what about you?” he presses, voice now barely above a whisper. “Did I impress you?”

You nod, now not trusting whatever would come out of your mouth. He always impressed. It was unfair, really, the way he could make you fall apart with a little food.

“Do you want me to keep impressing you?” Antonin asks, and you want to scream. It’s all you had been wanting since you first saw him. 

“Here?” you ask, looking around. The party was still in full swing just outside those doors. The chatter of diplomats, artists, and the finest names in French society is just a few feet away.

“Here,” He says firmly, holding your hips through your dress, tracing small patterns that melt you melt. 

His sultry gaze made you like the finest thing he had ever seen.  He backs you up against a wall, and you’re suddenly very conscious of what’s happening. 

“It’s been quite some time since I…” You look away, almost ashamed. But to be desired by him was all you wanted; it was pathetic. 

“We can go slow— ”Antonin starts to reassure you.

“No, I… I don’t want you to hold back. I want you, completely.”

He smiles, agreeing, and starts to caress your body. His touches are sweet as sugar, lingering on your body long after they’ve left. 

“It’s so cruel,” You lament, your head resting on the wall as his hand slides underneath your dress and up your thigh.

“What is?”

“That I cannot have you for myself,” you say, voice low, eyes locked with his.

“You wish to trap me here, do you?” he replies, a crooked smile playing on his lips. “Spend hours and hours…”

A kiss on your cheek.

“Tending to your every need…”

A kiss against your collarbone.

“Both culinary and otherwise, of course.”

A final kiss behind your ear.

Antonin’s tone is teasing, but there’s heat beneath it, and you feel it. It coils low in your stomach, dangerously easy to surrender to. 

He smirks as he starts mouthing at your neck with sloppy open open-mouthed kisses, sending tingles through your body. His touch was like nothing else, he handles you with such care, such deliverance. Just like with his cooking. 

He lays you back down on the table where the feast he prepared was, pushing aside any remaining plates from dessert.

“We’ll make a mess,” you whisper, breath catching in your throat.

“I doubt you mind,” he counters, his lips brushing against your skin, and to be honest, you wouldn’t.

“Someone will hear us.” You’d keep making excuses until there were none left to hide behind.

“If you’re so worried, then we can keep you quiet,” Antonin says, taking a vanilla éclair and gently placing it in your mouth. “Perfect.”

“You’re lucky, you know? I make the best vanilla éclairs in Paris,” Antonin adds with a wicked little grin.

“Oh really?” you say, or at least try to say, muffled by the pastry. But from what you can taste, he’s not wrong—the cream is rich and silky, the choux pastry light, melting in your mouth like a secret. Letting out a light laugh at you’re obviously blissed out expression, he starts to get into position. He pulls up your dress, and you shiver a little in the cold air. 

And he gets down on his knees, looking like sin itself. Hair an eccentric mess like always, charming little smirk that you dreamed of more than you should like to admit.

He teases you, taking his sweet time in touching you. Fingers gliding up and down your thighs, but without giving you what you really wanted. 

“So beautiful,” He praises, laying sweet kisses on your legs, and you feel yourself starting to relax into it. But the moment you let your guard down, he lays a kiss against your aching pussy. Gripping at your thighs as they jump to close, his lips sucking on your clit as your toes curl. Without thinking, you bite down, cream filling your mouth, and it really is delicious. Having sex with Antonin Carême was overwhelming. Delicious mouth-watering dessert on one hand and mind-breaking oral sex on the other. 

As you shiver and shake, legs wrapping around his head like a snake…the door opens. Your servants enter to start clearing away plates, but they’re met with the sight of you, spread out like the next course by the chef. Lovely.  

“Not now,” You mumble as you finish eating your éclair, and they rush out, trying to erase what they just saw. 

“So embarrassing,” You say from behind your hands. He chuckles, against your core, before standing up to face you.

“Oh, I’m sure they enjoyed the view.” He pulls your hands away from your face and kisses them so gently, anyone else would think that you were two lovers caught in the throes of passion.  Pulling you to your feet, his fingers find the back of your dress. “May I?”

“You may.”

He undresses you, working at the buttons until your dress is pooling at your feet. You feel terribly exposed to him, but you feel excited. More excited than you’ve felt in weeks, if not months.  In the corner of his eye, he spots some leftover chocolate from one of his desserts and seeks to use it to his advantage.

“Still alright with making a mess?” He asks, and you nod curiously. 

Dripping it on your stomach and cleaning it up with his tongue. It feels ticklish, but he smiles as he looks you in the eyes, his fingers brushing yours with deliberate care.

“It’s hazelnut chocolate, imported from Belgium,” he says, glancing up at your form with that infuriatingly calm confidence.

“Sounds expensive,” you gasp out, as if you weren’t currently losing your mind over the way his voice dipped just slightly on you.

“Only the best for you,” he replies, like it's the most obvious thing in the world.

His lips climb back up your body, and his left hand grabs more chocolate, spreading it on your breasts. 

“What a pretty sight,” He remarks before leaning back down, his tongue licking it up in a way you can only describe as obscene. You’re dripping with the feeling of his lips caressing your nipples. 

“Antonin…” You whine out, his hair now between your fingers. The sensations had become too much to bear, your hips bucking as you fight to get more friction.

Getting on your knees, you pull down his trousers, letting his half hard cock flop out. 

He pulls back, your drool dripping down between your boobs in a most undignified way. 

Without hesitation, you take him into your mouth, sucking as best as you can. Your mouth stretching around his cock as you struggle to take it all.

He looks at you, and you know he finds it endearing how eager you are. His fingers curl into your hair, guiding you up and down on his cock. It feels sweet. Each time you gag only get more excited. 

He offers you his hand and helps you stand, taking a slice of chocolate cake and feeding it to you. It’s light and almost fluffy but dark and velvety, a complete juxtaposition. It’s no surprise that you moan in pleasure at the taste. 

“That good?”

You nod, saying, “You should taste it.”

He doesn’t get a moment to quip back as you pull him in, kissing him. The decadent chocolate slipping between your lips as you take control of the kiss, your hand finding his throat. You feel him gulp as he lets out a surprised moan, but from the way he holds your waist tighter, you can tell he wanted more. Squeezing down on his throat just a little, and he’s following you like a dog on a leash. 

Suddenly, your hand leaves his throat, much to his chagrin, and trails down his body. You take the opportunity to discard more of his clothes until he is shirtless in front of you. He really is beautiful. 

“Turn around,” he orders, and you follow suit, turning around, and he leans you over the table, the left side of your face getting coated in some stray whipped cream. You don’t even get to complain to Antonin, as he starts pushing into you slowly. You feel more full than you have in far too long, and you know you can’t keep it inside. “Antonin!” You yell out as you feel his cock stretching you out. 

“And I thought you wanted to be quiet,” He says against your ear, before pulling back and pounding into you. He didn’t start too fast, rocking into you, his touch leaving you yearning for more. He was a tease, evidently in all aspects. He wanted to bring you to the edge just to let you go and bring you back up again. 

“Antonin…” You let out, half drooling on the table already, as you mess up the table arrangements.

“Want more?” He asks, ruffling your hair, before he slowly picks up the pace. You have a thought, though you are unsure as to how you are able due to the sensation of each thrust he gives you. But nevertheless, you think that it didn’t just feel like sex, maybe it’s just in his nature, but it was making love. Despite the teeth on your neck and his relentless pace, he was still tender, still and deliberate. Making love to you like he was constructing one of his dishes.

You’re barely on this plane of existence when he lifts you in his arms. The two of you end up at the head of the table, and he settles you effortlessly into his lap.  Your head rests in the crook of his neck as he sits down in the chair at the head of the table, where you once were, moments ago.

Looking back up at him, he looks like a king, a boyish one, but a king nonetheless. With that smug, knowing smile on his face. It’s intoxicating. 

“Something tells me you like being told what to do,” He says as he brushes and caresses your hair, almost absentmindedly. 

There’s a glint in his eye, the subtle quirk of his eyebrow. It challenges you.

And you take the bait.

“Perhaps I do…”Shifting in his lap just enough to feel the tension rise, you lean in, your lips hovering near his ear. “So command me,” you whisper, matching his game.

His fingers tighten slightly on your waist. “Alright then, mademoiselle. Ride me.”

You were more than happy to follow his instructions, in but a few seconds you were lowering yourself onto his cock, the stretch making you bite your lip. Slowly, you bounce yourself onto top of him, his lips now attached to your chest, licking and nipping at your nipples. It’s impossible not to squeal at the feeling, your fingers pressing into his back muscles as you tremble. 

You only get to enjoy it for a few moments when you hear murmurs outside the door. 

“Wait, Antonin. There are people—”

“It’s okay, let me take care of you.”

In some fucked up attempt to placate you, he shoves another éclair into your mouth and starts fucking you faster. The rhythmic sound of his thrusts was only matched by the clattering of the leftover plates and glasses. You whine, mouth still occupied by pastry. And it’s almost as if you’re begging the way you grip at his shoulders but he doesn’t let up, content in fucking you silly and not caring if anyone hears it. 

The door handle buckles, but it doesn’t open. Your servants must’ve locked it after they left, and you’ve never been more grateful.

But you’re still in a state of want as you’re desperately needing to scream his name, trying to get the pastry out of your mouth as you slobber all over it. 

“Don’t spit it out, you have to savour it. For me,” Antonin says before he kisses your forehead, “But don’t worry, I’ll help you.”

He slows his pace, his hands pinning your arms behind your back as he leans in, biting around the other end of the éclair. He moves slowly, eating his way closer to your lips. Each bite you both take leads you closer together until they meet. Your lips moving in a dance, cream swirling between your tongues. Your fingers dig into the back of his, but he doesn’t pull away; the kiss only gets deeper and deeper.

He lets go of your arms, gently guiding his fingers towards your clit. He rubs lightly, bringing you closer to orgasm as he pushes against your sensitive spot with his cock.

Both of you swallow what is left of the vanilla éclair, cream and spit dripping down your chin. 

“I want you to finish with me. Can you do that?” He asks, and at this point, you’d do anything he told you to. 

“Yes….”

You’re so close to just rutting against his hand, but you hold back, somehow through all of this you had the tiniest sliver of self-restraint. 

“How obedient,” He says, still rubbing your clit, relishing in every little reaction you give him. 

Then, after he’s worked you up so close to an orgasm, he pulls away. You don’t miss his touch for too long, as a few seconds later, he’s pushing you back up onto the table, facing him as he lines himself back up with your hole.

“Antonin, I’m gonna—” You don’t get to finish your sentence, as your orgasm hits you like a crashing wave. It’s intense and otherworldly, like your soul had been stolen for a few moments. 

He fucks you through your orgasm as he chases his own, you feel it coming as soon as he does. Leaning his forehead against yours, he rocks into you even faster, making you grip his back, definitely leaving scratches. 

With a final thrust, he finishes inside of you. His orgasm pulsing through you as your walls continue to flutter from your own orgasm.

You lay on the table, completely and truly debauched. 

There was chocolate in your hair, cream on your thighs and of course Antonin’s cum was still dripping out of you but you hadn’t felt this alive in a long time.

A few feet away from you, Antonin’s starting to get himself cleaned up, and you sit up to observe him. There was cream in his hair, all over him actually, clinging to the hair on his chest and the curve of his jawline. 

He looked so delicious, you found yourself wanting another taste. 

“Antonin.”

He turns to you, shirt half on, all smiles as always, “Yes?”

You walk up to him on shaky legs but with a determined look in your eye, “Don’t make me throw another party to have sex with you.”

Like a true gentleman, he takes your hand and kisses it tenderly, “I wouldn’t dare.”

Masterlist

[multidimensionalsock]

REST APIs

REST (Representational State Transfer) is a type of API where all the information needed to perform an action is passed to the API at the time the request needs fulfilling. The server does not need previous knowledge of the clients session in order to fulfill their request.

The alternative to this is that the client having a 'session' with the server, where the server keeps information on the client while it's active, which can take up a lot of server processing power and memory. For large services handling possible hundreds of thousands of clients at a time, keeping a 'connection' can take up a lot of server processing and memory.

REST speeds up processing time for both the server and client. With sessions, they can end up split over multiple servers, meaning servers have to communicate to get data which can slow down response time. Because the server needs no prior knowledge of a client, any client can handle any client's request easily, which also makes load balancing easier, a request can be sent to any server that can handle it which is currently the least busy.

All REST APIs use HTTP methods. A client sends a request via HTTP to a specific endpoint (location on the web), along with all of the information needed to complete that request. The server will then process it and send back a response.

Core features of REST:

Client-Server Architecture - a client that sends requests to a server, or set of servers via HTTP methods.

Stateless - client information is not stored between requests and each request is handled as separate and unconnected.

Cacheability - data that is expected to be accessed often can be cached (saved for a set amount of time) on the client or server side to make client and server interactions quicker.

Uniform interface - no matter where an endpoint is accessed from, its requests have a standard format. Information returned to a client should have enough information and self description that the client knows how to process it.

Layered system architecture - calls and responses can go through multiple intermediate layers, but both the client and server will assume they're communicating directly.

Code on demand (optional) - the server can send executable code to the client when requested to extend client functionality.

[sublimepizzastarfish]

Pirate Software's "rearchitecture" for Stop Killing Games

There's been a lot of fascinating drama around Stop Killing Games. Go read the initiative here:

It is a good initiative, and anyone who is a consumer that can, should absolutely go support it.

Jason "Thor" Hall, CEO of Pirate Software, recently had a few, let's say, "takes" on the matter (I'm trying and failing to remain neutral), which began on a stream. The stream's VOD has since deleted on his YouTube channel.

Louis Rossmann, who you might know as the largest Right to Repair activist in the US, made a response to a section of the releevant stream here:

Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, made two videos to clarify his points:

There is an argument in the video at the 2:08 mark that I will reference later.

(I recommend watching all these videos on 2x speed. You will get the same info out of them all, because especially video 2 is a lot of repetition)

Now, as mentioned above, there is one particular technical argument that bugs me about what Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, is making. Here is the full quote:

How would you keep League of Legends in a functional, playable state? You'd have to rearchitect the entire game. The game is what is called "client-server". So, in client-server models, there's a server, there's a client, and all of the math, all of the game, everything happens on the server. The client just displays it. And the reason we want to do it that way is so that you can't teleport around and do a billion damage. You don't trust the client. You trust the server. The client just displays what it's told. Right? So, if we wanted to rearchitect this, we would have to take all of that server logic, push it back out into the client, and somehow make that playable in a multiplayer-only video game. That doesn't make sense to me. So this doesn't work for all games. Why is [the initiative] calling out all games?

So, first off, yes, most games do client-server architecture for multiplayer logic, because you do trust the servers. It is an important step to curbing an entire class of cheats. It doesn't necessarily mean the client isn't malicious (for example, there are cheats for League of Legends that show a growing circle when an enemy leaves the fog of war in the minimap). However, it does mean the client doesn't know 100% of the game at any time when information is selectively fed to each client based on something like the fog of war. That's awesome.

Some games, like PlanetSide (rest in peace) and Overwatch (2) use what's called client-side hit detection. Some games, like Halo 1, employ more selective hit detection models, where only certain weapons use client-side hit detection (see https://c20.reclaimers.net/h1/engine/netcode/). Client-side versus server-side hit detection can change the overall feel of a game, and it's one of the things game developers decide on in multiplayer-only games that require it. In the case of an massively multiplayer online first person shooter (MMOFPS) like PlanetSide (2), the server simply can't calculate thousands of people's math in a reasonable amount of time, because otherwise the hit detection would otherwise feel very crappy to play, and so the math is offloaded to the client and the client says "hit" when they hit.

However, there are a few counterexamples to the specific technical argument that keeping the game playable after end-of-lifing it requires rearchitecting:

Games with dedicated servers exist - Command & Conquer: Renegade, Starsiege: TRIBES

Games where one client also hosts the multiplayer server exist - Half Life 2, Warhammer 40k: Space Marine

Private server hosting exists - World of Warcraft

Some of these games, particularly the examples with dedicated servers that can be run on user hardware, can also run as the second example.

To say keeping a multiplayer-only online game requires rearchitecting a game like League of Legends means a lack of imagination. More relevantly, it means a lack of systems thinking.

To me, it is very strange for someone such as Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, who is self-described as being a 20 year veteran of the games industry to say. I won't say skill issue, because I think there is an ulterior motive at play.

Just to hammer the point home, I drew up some crappy diagrams in Inkscape because this extremely wrong technical argument bugged me so, so much.

Here is what a client-server model looks like:

Here, you have 10 clients, each being a player of the game. Then, you have the server, run by Riot, the developer and maintainer of League of Legends.

Here is the imagination of Thor, CEO of Pirate Software, had to say on the matter on the required way rearchitect it:

Those who know their network models would understand this looks very much like a mesh network, or a peer-to-peer model. And, to be fair, some games might attempt it.

However, this isn't *usually* how games described using a peer-to-peer (P2P) model work. Most peer-to-peer models, like the architecture used in Space Marines, are often used for matchmaking. Once you are in a game, one of the clients also serves as the host (selecting by some algorithm, like randomly or whoever has the best hardware).

P2P is nice, because the company doesn't have to run servers for matchmaking at all during their lifespan (and sometimes a matchmaking server might be spun up to serve as a relay to help with network issues or help other clients find clients quickly). As we'll get into later, a client machine will also serve as the host machine. It is a perfectly fair and valid, although it comes with it's frustrations (mainly in the realm of network address translation (NAT) traversal, because your computer behind a router is not usually exposed to the wider Internet, though sometimes routers have universal plug-and-play (UPnP) set up, which makes NAT traversal much easier here).

If you've ever seen a message in the game "migrating host" because the host left, they likely use P2P matchmaking, but still use a client-server model. They can just migrate the game data to a new host using the data on the other clients as a seed for the data.

This is likely their setup for actual gameplay:

One of the clients now has a server on the same machine. Sometimes, this could be the game itself that would serve in singleplayer. However, most often, this is just a server that's lightweight enough for the client to connect to and they play that way (it's also really nice to develop and QA this way, because many server bugs will also be seen by the client).

Now, one of the disadvantages here is: Can all remote clients connect to the host that the server (and one of the clients) is running on? Again, NAT traversal issues usually play a role here. In the first few days of any game that uses this, and only this, there will likely be a lot of issues with connectivity.

Another disadvantage: The host won't have latency issues. This is why in the case of, for example, Among Us, the client host can see certain things happening (like someone is dead the moment they hit a button or reported a body), but remote player hosts might not.

Okay, so, maybe it's not possible to rearchitect something like League of Legends like this. It could reasonably be a lot of work. Here is another solution:

Looks very similar to the first architecture, doesn't it? It is! The difference is that the text "Riot" was changed to "not Riot".

This is how World of Warcraft and Pokemon Go private servers work.

The vast majority of games that would not run without private servers simply do not require rearchitecting to keep in a reasonably playable state when the servers shut down.

[mlembug]

@canonkalluzeb It's an attempt in mirroring terminology of IRC, which does not necessarily makes sense in context of Discord, and Discord knows this perfectly well because they're both internally, and also among programmers who make Discord bots, called "guilds", not "servers".

Some background: when two computer applications on two separate computers have to communicate, one of them has to first set up the connection, and so the program which listens to connections is often called "server", and the program which attempts to connect is called "client", which is an analogy of how restaurants work.

And of course it's not like two arbitrary programs can understand each other, so when one needs to make two programs communicate with each other, one designs a "protocol", which is a description of the exact rules these two programs are supposed to interact on.

Back in The Old Days (90s to early 00s) the most common protocol for chat-like applications was called IRC (Internet Relay Chat), which does follow the "client-server architecture", where someone (could be anyone, but usually it was universities or ISPs) runs the IRC server application on their computers, and people who want to chat, run IRC client applications which connect to these servers.

(it is still possible to use IRC today, but a lot of people don't because the newer alternatives provide features which people are used to, like... file upload/storage, persistent chat history, or transport encryption)

On the most basic level, a person that uses an IRC client first makes it connect to an IRC server by typing an address to connect to, and then picks the channels to join there, of which each functions as an independent conversation, in that

your IRC client usually displays the chat messages grouped together by the channel

the clients which joined a channel can send a message to this channel, which server receives...

...and then sends it to every other client which joined such channel

the clients which did not join a channel do not receive messages that are sent to the channel

if your client did not receive a message (due to lost connection, or maybe you were not in the channel in the first place), you will not see this message ever again, as IRC has no mechanisms of providing you a message history, nor retransmission of earlier messages

it may be possible for a regular user to create a channel, depending on how the IRC server is configured

Now here's how Discord works:

you are not supposed to run a Discord server application. Discord (the company) made one, and it is running on their computers (the ones they manage at least), but you can't run it on your computer (for whatever reason you wanted to do so), because they won't give it to you in the first place

the only thing you are supposed to run, is the Discord client application, which they offer to you for free

since no one outside of Discord (the company) is supposed to run Discord servers, the fact you're connecting to them specifically is not supposed to be relevant to the end user

your Discord client maintains a connection to a Discord server, which sends real-time information on stuff like "there is an unread message on guild number 253958353" or "you got pinged in a direct message by user with number 34235936984" to the client

any user can create a "guild", of which the person who created it is marked as a "guild owner", which is highest possible rank and everyone else on the server can only be a granted permission to do a subset of actions a server owner can do.

a guild has a list of channels, a list of users joined it, and a list of roles

roles can be assigned to the user, and apply within a guild only

a role controls the list of possible actions a user can do in the context of the server

a channel functions as a chronologically-sorted list of messages, of which you can retrieve a part of it by clicking on it, and other parts - by scrolling

Now take this into account that what I've just called "Discord server" is usually not something the end user needs to worry about, so it's typically not mentioned at all, and "guild" is called "server" literally everywhere else outside of developer documentation, and you can see why this feels a bit confusing.

[priya-joshi]

The Roadmap to Full Stack Developer Proficiency: A Comprehensive Guide

Embarking on the journey to becoming a full stack developer is an exhilarating endeavor filled with growth and challenges. Whether you're taking your first steps or seeking to elevate your skills, understanding the path ahead is crucial. In this detailed roadmap, we'll outline the stages of mastering full stack development, exploring essential milestones, competencies, and strategies to guide you through this enriching career journey.

Beginning the Journey: Novice Phase (0-6 Months)

As a novice, you're entering the realm of programming with a fresh perspective and eagerness to learn. This initial phase sets the groundwork for your progression as a full stack developer.

Grasping Programming Fundamentals:

Your journey commences with grasping the foundational elements of programming languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. These are the cornerstone of web development and are essential for crafting dynamic and interactive web applications.

Familiarizing with Basic Data Structures and Algorithms:

To develop proficiency in programming, understanding fundamental data structures such as arrays, objects, and linked lists, along with algorithms like sorting and searching, is imperative. These concepts form the backbone of problem-solving in software development.

Exploring Essential Web Development Concepts:

During this phase, you'll delve into crucial web development concepts like client-server architecture, HTTP protocol, and the Document Object Model (DOM). Acquiring insights into the underlying mechanisms of web applications lays a strong foundation for tackling more intricate projects.

Advancing Forward: Intermediate Stage (6 Months - 2 Years)

As you progress beyond the basics, you'll transition into the intermediate stage, where you'll deepen your understanding and skills across various facets of full stack development.

Venturing into Backend Development:

In the intermediate stage, you'll venture into backend development, honing your proficiency in server-side languages like Node.js, Python, or Java. Here, you'll learn to construct robust server-side applications, manage data storage and retrieval, and implement authentication and authorization mechanisms.

Mastering Database Management:

A pivotal aspect of backend development is comprehending databases. You'll delve into relational databases like MySQL and PostgreSQL, as well as NoSQL databases like MongoDB. Proficiency in database management systems and design principles enables the creation of scalable and efficient applications.

Exploring Frontend Frameworks and Libraries:

In addition to backend development, you'll deepen your expertise in frontend technologies. You'll explore prominent frameworks and libraries such as React, Angular, or Vue.js, streamlining the creation of interactive and responsive user interfaces.

Learning Version Control with Git:

Version control is indispensable for collaborative software development. During this phase, you'll familiarize yourself with Git, a distributed version control system, to manage your codebase, track changes, and collaborate effectively with fellow developers.

Achieving Mastery: Advanced Phase (2+ Years)

As you ascend in your journey, you'll enter the advanced phase of full stack development, where you'll refine your skills, tackle intricate challenges, and delve into specialized domains of interest.

Designing Scalable Systems:

In the advanced stage, focus shifts to designing scalable systems capable of managing substantial volumes of traffic and data. You'll explore design patterns, scalability methodologies, and cloud computing platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.

Embracing DevOps Practices:

DevOps practices play a pivotal role in contemporary software development. You'll delve into continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, infrastructure as code (IaC), and containerization technologies such as Docker and Kubernetes.

Specializing in Niche Areas:

With experience, you may opt to specialize in specific domains of full stack development, whether it's frontend or backend development, mobile app development, or DevOps. Specialization enables you to deepen your expertise and pursue career avenues aligned with your passions and strengths.

Conclusion:

Becoming a proficient full stack developer is a transformative journey that demands dedication, resilience, and perpetual learning. By following the roadmap outlined in this guide and maintaining a curious and adaptable mindset, you'll navigate the complexities and opportunities inherent in the realm of full stack development. Remember, mastery isn't merely about acquiring technical skills but also about fostering collaboration, embracing innovation, and contributing meaningfully to the ever-evolving landscape of technology.

[sqlinjection]

SQLi Potential Mitigation Measures

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that prevents this weakness or makes it easier to avoid. For example, persistence layers like Hibernate or Enterprise Java Beans can offer protection against SQL injection when used correctly.

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

Use structured mechanisms that enforce separation between data and code, such as prepared statements, parameterized queries, or stored procedures. Avoid constructing and executing query strings with "exec" to prevent SQL injection [REF-867].

Phases: Architecture and Design; Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code with the minimum privileges necessary for the task [REF-76]. Limit user privileges to prevent unauthorized access if an attack occurs, such as by ensuring database applications don’t run as an administrator.

Phase: Architecture and Design

Duplicate client-side security checks on the server to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass client checks by altering values or removing checks entirely, making server-side validation essential.

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Avoid dynamically generating query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data. If unavoidable, use strict allowlists, escape/filter characters, and quote arguments to mitigate risks like SQL injection (CWE-88).

Phase: Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use strict input validation with allowlists for specifications and reject non-conforming inputs. For SQL queries, limit characters based on parameter expectations for attack prevention.

Phase: Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

For limited sets of acceptable inputs, map fixed values like numeric IDs to filenames or URLs, rejecting anything outside the known set.

Phase: Implementation

Ensure error messages reveal only necessary details, avoiding cryptic language or excessive information. Store sensitive error details in logs but be cautious with content visible to users to prevent revealing internal states.

Phase: Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall to detect attacks against weaknesses in cases where the code can’t be fixed. Firewalls offer defense in depth, though they may require customization and won’t cover all input vectors.

Phases: Operation; Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

In PHP, avoid using register_globals to prevent weaknesses like CWE-95 and CWE-621. Avoid emulating this feature to reduce risks. source

[m2-commerce]

Top Magento Hosting Cloud Providers: Choosing the Ideal Provider

Choosing the correct hosting cloud provider is crucial while running a successful e-commerce site in Magento. Magento is a highly effective e-commerce solution that has all the potential of taking your internet-based business venture to the next level, though largely determined by the hosting site. This brings the question; what should I do to be certain that I am making the right decision on whom to consult? This blog post is devoted to ranking the most suitable Magento hosting cloud services and show how you can wisely choose one.

Why Magento Hosting Matters

Magento is a versatile e-commerce platform designed for versatility and scalability of the platform. However, to fully unleash the potential of Content Delivery Network it is essential to find a hosting provider that will be able to support this service. Magento users can benefit from cloud hosting in several ways such as; fast speed, expandability and the ability to handle large traffic. Unlike conventional approaches to hosting, cloud hosting resources are delivered on demand by a network of virtual servers which is important for expanding companies.

Best Magento Hosting Cloud Solutions

1. M2 Commerce

Now, talking about the leaders among the Magento hosting cloud providers, one should mention M2 Commerce that is a company operating from the United Kingdom with expertise in providing Magento hosting that aims at being fast, secure and reliable. Their cloud hosting offering is dedicated exclusively to Magento to provide the best conditions for your Magento shop.

Why Choose M2 Commerce?

Expertise in Magento: In addition, staying specialised in Magento means that all their solutions are especially tailored to the platform’s requirements.

Performance Optimisation: Their cloud architecture can take much traffic and many transactions per day, and it remains fast.

Enhanced Security: M2 Commerce gives your web site enough security so that it would not be vulnerable to various threats.

2. SiteGround

Magento hosting is also served by SiteGround. Award-winning for its outstanding customer service and fast servers, SiteGround hosts cloud websites that work optimally for Magento shops.

Why Choose SiteGround?

Managed Cloud Hosting: SiteGround’s managed cloud hosting eliminates all of the issues with server management, so that you can focus on your business. Free Daily Backups: Backups are created on a fixed schedule so that data can be recovered in case of necessity.

Scalability: The SiteGround cloud hosting plan enables an organisation to expand resources as the firm expands.

3. Cloudways

Cloudways is a cloud hosting company that can be used for Magento and it has a variety of hosting services for it. They are also good performers but are designed to be user-friendly, so they can be used effectively by site owners with small to large e-commerce sites.

Why Choose Cloudways?

Managed Services: Magento site does not require the hosting user to take care of the server, that is Cloudways responsibility, thus, your site will run smoothly.

Flexible Pricing: It comes with the most preferred pricing policy where a client by use the Cloudways shall be charged according to the resources consumed.

Performance Optimisation: It’s fast, reliable and user friendly, and the experience it offers your customers is unequalled.

4. AWS (Amazon Web Services)

Amazon Web Service is one of the most famous cloud companies that offer a huge number of services and are spread across the world. Other cloud hosting services you can get from AWS are reliable and can be optimised for Magento.

Why Choose AWS?

Scalability: One of the main strengths of AWS is its extraordinary scaling system where people can modify the resources concerning the website’s traffic and utilisation.

High Availability: AWS makes sure that there are many data centres in the world, which ensures that customer’s applications will be available most of the time.

Comprehensive Tools: Magento being the open-source platform for launching and managing a successful eCommerce business, AWS provides tools and services to boost the features and effectiveness of the Magento store.

5. Google Cloud Platform

Another cloud provider to consider for Magento hosting is Google Cloud Platform or GCP for short. As technology advances, GCP is famous for its performance, reliability, and first technologies that shape the new world.

Why Choose Google Cloud Platform?

Performance and Speed: The infrastructures provided by GCP are very efficient, our sites and applications will run at tremendous speed for the users.

Data Security: In the area of security, Google Cloud has many features, such as data encryption or an advanced threat protection system.

Integration with Google Tools: Integration with other Google products can make improvements to the experience of your Magento store.

Things to Consider When Considering a Magento Host

Performance

The way your Magento site performs impacts on the consumer and their purchasing decisions. It would be advisable to ensure that the provider of your preference avails your website with short response times and a high uptime. Search for providers that focus on Magento and have an efficient cloud environment in their plan.

Scalability

The web hosting requirements that your business will require in the future will not be the same current ones. Select a relative provider that can accommodate for scalability, meaning in case you need for more resources these can be easily added without having to contract an entirely new service while at the same time not necessarily having to downsize your current resources.

Security

Security is however very important to have especially having an e-commerce site. For your hosting provider to enhance the safety of your website from any attacks, there should be a firewall, a secure socket layer, and you should be updated often on security challenges.

Support

It also entails reliable customer support and there have been improvements in this area as well. Confirm that the hosting provider is prompt in their customer support service so that you can be well assisted if you have any problems.

Cost

Cost is a consideration but it cannot be the only consideration. To save your money compare the facilities and services offered by the different providers by going through the motivation factor.

Conclusion

Selecting the proper Magento hosting cloud is extremely important to create an impact on the success of any e-business. If you are choosing M2 Commerce due to its specialisation in the Magento services or you are aiming to choose a global provider such as AWS or Google Cloud Platform, then, make sure that the provider fulfils your performance requirement, scalability needs, security requirements, and support service requirements. But, once you consider all the aspects, you or your team could find a hosting solution that will effectively propel your Magento store in the competitive market.

[orbitwebtech]

NodeJS excels in web development with its event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, making it ideal for handling concurrent connections and real-time applications like chat apps and live streaming. Its single-threaded architecture and use of JavaScript, both on the server and client side, allow for seamless development across the entire stack. NodeJS is especially suitable for startups and projects that require fast, scalable, and high-performance solutions.

Java, on the other hand, is renowned for its robustness, security, and platform independence. It is a mature technology with a vast ecosystem and a wealth of libraries and frameworks, such as Spring and Hibernate, which facilitate the development of large-scale, enterprise-grade applications. Java's multithreading capabilities and strong memory management make it well-suited for complex, resource-intensive applications where stability and reliability are paramount.

Choosing between NodeJS and Java ultimately depends on the specific needs of your project. For real-time, scalable applications with a need for rapid development, NodeJS is a compelling choice. For enterprise-level applications requiring high stability, security, and comprehensive tool support, Java is often the preferred technology.

[mulemasters]

React JS

Component-Based Architecture:

React applications are built using components, which are reusable, self-contained pieces of the UI. Components can be nested, managed, and handled independently, leading to better maintainability and scalability.

JSX (JavaScript XML):

React uses JSX, a syntax extension that allows HTML to be written within JavaScript. This makes the code more readable and easier to write.

Virtual DOM:

React maintains a virtual DOM, an in-memory representation of the actual DOM. When the state of an object changes, React updates the virtual DOM and efficiently determines the minimal set of changes needed to update the real DOM, leading to performance improvements.

One-Way Data Binding:

Data flows in one direction, from parent to child components, which makes the data flow and logic easier to understand and debug.

State Management:

React components can maintain internal state, making it easy to build dynamic and interactive UIs. For more complex state management, libraries like Redux or Context API can be used.

Advantages of Using React

Performance:

Due to the virtual DOM, React minimizes direct manipulation of the DOM, resulting in better performance for dynamic applications.

Reusable Components:

Components can be reused across different parts of an application, reducing the amount of code and enhancing consistency.

Strong Community and Ecosystem:

A large community and a rich ecosystem of tools and libraries support React, making it easier to find solutions, get support, and integrate with other technologies.

SEO Friendly:

React can be rendered on the server using Node.js, making web pages more SEO-friendly compared to traditional client-side rendering.

Getting Started with React

To start building applications with React, you need to have Node.js and npm (Node Package Manager) installed. Here’s a basic setup to create a new React application:

Install Node.js and npm:

Download and install from Node.js website.

Create a New React Application:

You can use Create React App, an officially supported way to create single-page React applications with no configuration required:

npx create-react-app my-app cd my-app npm start

import React from 'react';

function Welcome(props) { return

Hello, {props.name}

; }

export default Welcome;

[3v-hosting]

What is the Difference Between VPS and Dedicated Server Hosting?

Introduction

When it comes to hosting websites or applications, businesses and individuals face a crucial decision: choosing the right type of hosting that meets their needs in terms of performance, security, and cost. Among the most popular options are Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting and Dedicated Server hosting. This article aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of VPS and Dedicated Server hosting, discussing their features, advantages, and use cases to help you make an informed decision.

Understanding VPS Hosting

Definition and Architecture

A Virtual Private Server (VPS) is a virtualized server that mimics a dedicated server environment within a shared hosting environment. The key technology behind VPS is virtualization, which uses a hypervisor to divide a physical server into multiple virtual servers. Each VPS operates independently, with its own operating system, resources, and isolated file system.

Features of VPS Hosting

Isolation and Security: Despite being on a shared physical server, each VPS instance is isolated from others, providing a secure environment. This isolation ensures that the actions of one VPS do not affect the performance or security of others.

Resource Allocation: VPS hosting allocates specific amounts of CPU, RAM, and storage to each VPS instance. These resources are dedicated to the VPS, ensuring consistent performance.

Customization and Control: Users have root access to their VPS, allowing them to install and configure software and settings as needed. This level of control is akin to having a dedicated server.

Scalability: VPS hosting offers flexibility in scaling resources. Users can easily upgrade or downgrade their resource allocation based on their needs without significant downtime.

Cost-Effectiveness: VPS hosting is generally more affordable than dedicated hosting, making it an attractive option for small to medium-sized businesses and developers.

Use Cases for VPS Hosting

Small to Medium-Sized Businesses (SMBs): Businesses that require reliable hosting with dedicated resources but cannot justify the cost of a dedicated server.

Developers and Programmers: Ideal for testing environments, development projects, and hosting applications that need specific configurations.

E-Commerce Websites: Online stores that need a balance of performance, security, and cost-efficiency.

Growing Websites: Websites experiencing increased traffic that outgrow shared hosting plans but do not yet require the power of a dedicated server.

Understanding Dedicated Server Hosting

Definition and Architecture

A Dedicated Server is a physical server exclusively rented by a single client. Unlike VPS hosting, where multiple users share the same physical hardware, a dedicated server provides full access to all of the server's resources. This setup eliminates the need for a hypervisor, allowing direct hardware access.

Features of Dedicated Server Hosting

Exclusive Resource Use: All the server's CPU, RAM, storage, and bandwidth are exclusively available to the client, providing maximum performance and reliability.

Enhanced Performance: Dedicated servers can handle high-traffic websites and resource-intensive applications due to their powerful hardware and dedicated resources.

Customization and Control: Clients have complete control over the server's hardware and software configuration. This includes choosing the operating system, hardware components, and installing custom software.

Security and Compliance: Dedicated servers offer higher security levels, making them suitable for industries requiring strict compliance with data protection regulations. Clients can implement advanced security measures tailored to their needs.

Reliability and Stability: With no other users on the server, dedicated hosting provides consistent performance without the risk of resource contention.

Use Cases for Dedicated Server Hosting

Large Enterprises: Companies with substantial online presence, requiring robust performance and high security.

High-Traffic Websites: Websites with significant daily traffic, such as news portals, social media platforms, and popular blogs.

Resource-Intensive Applications: Applications that demand extensive computational power, storage, and memory, such as gaming servers, data analytics, and large databases.

Compliance-Sensitive Businesses: Organizations in finance, healthcare, and other sectors with strict regulatory requirements for data handling and security.

Key Differences Between VPS and Dedicated Server Hosting

Performance and Resources

VPS Hosting: Provides allocated resources within a shared environment. Performance is generally good but can be affected by the physical server's overall load.

Dedicated Hosting: Offers exclusive access to the entire server's resources, ensuring maximum performance and stability.

Cost

VPS Hosting: More affordable due to shared physical hardware. Ideal for smaller budgets.

Dedicated Hosting: Higher cost reflects the exclusive use of physical hardware. Suitable for larger budgets and businesses needing top performance.

Scalability

VPS Hosting: Easily scalable by upgrading resources within the virtual environment. Ideal for growing businesses.

Dedicated Hosting: Scaling can be more complex and costly, often requiring physical upgrades or migration to a new server.

Control and Customization

VPS Hosting: Offers significant control with root access, but some limitations due to shared physical resources.

Dedicated Hosting: Provides complete control over hardware and software configurations, with no restrictions.

Security

VPS Hosting: Isolated environment provides good security, but shared physical server can introduce risks.

Dedicated Hosting: Higher security due to exclusive use of hardware, with the ability to implement advanced security measures.

Reliability and Stability

VPS Hosting: Generally reliable, but performance can fluctuate based on the physical server's load.

Dedicated Hosting: Offers unmatched reliability with no risk of performance being impacted by other users.

Choosing Between VPS and Dedicated Server Hosting

Assessing Your Needs

When choosing between VPS and Dedicated Server hosting, consider the following factors:

Budget: Determine how much you are willing to spend on hosting. VPS is cost-effective, while dedicated hosting offers premium performance at a higher cost.

Resource Requirements: Evaluate your website or application's resource needs, including CPU, RAM, storage, and bandwidth. High-demand applications may require dedicated hosting.

Traffic Volume: Consider your current and projected traffic. High-traffic websites benefit from the stability and performance of dedicated servers.

Security and Compliance: Assess the level of security required for your data. Industries with strict compliance standards may need the enhanced security of dedicated hosting.

Scalability: Plan for future growth. VPS hosting offers flexible scalability, while dedicated hosting may require more planning and investment for scaling.

Technical Expertise: Determine your ability to manage and configure the server. VPS hosting is easier to manage, while dedicated hosting offers greater control but may require advanced technical skills.

Practical Scenarios

Small Business Launching an E-Commerce Site: A VPS can provide a cost-effective solution with sufficient resources and security to start and grow.

Established Enterprise with High Traffic: A dedicated server ensures consistent performance, security, and control over the hosting environment.

Growing Blog with Increasing Traffic: Starting with a VPS allows scalability without high initial costs. Transitioning to a dedicated server can be considered as traffic continues to grow.

Developer Testing and Staging Environment: A VPS offers an isolated environment to test and develop applications without the overhead of a dedicated server.

Conclusion

Choosing between VPS and Dedicated Server hosting involves understanding the unique features and benefits of each. VPS hosting offers a balanced solution with good performance, scalability, and affordability, making it ideal for small to medium-sized businesses and developers. In contrast, Dedicated Server hosting provides unparalleled performance, control, and security, suitable for large enterprises, high-traffic websites, and resource-intensive applications.

Carefully assessing your needs, budget, and future growth plans will help you determine the best hosting option for your specific requirements. Whether you choose VPS or Dedicated Server hosting, both options provide robust solutions to ensure your website or application runs smoothly and efficiently.

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 544

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Updates from Rust Community

Foundation

Guest Blog: Attending CISA’s Open Source Software Security Summit

Newsletters

This Month in Rust OSDev: March 2024

Project/Tooling Updates

lilos v1.0 released

medium-to-markdown v0.1.1 : Convert your medium blogs easily into markdown files

Fluvio v0.11.6 release and project updates

venndb 0.4.0 - custom validators

Tantivy 0.22: Performance improvements, new aggregations and stability fixes

Announcing r3bl_terminal_async - build async interactive CLIs in Rust

[video] Demo + architecture overview of Ferrostar, a cross-platform turn-by-turn navigation SDK with a Rust core

Observations/Thoughts

The Rust Calling Convention We Deserve

Sized, DynSized, and Unsized

Coroutines and effects

Porting a cross-platform GUI application to Rust

Adventures In Rust: Bringing Exchange Support To Thunderbird

Rust Walkthroughs

Why SQLite Performance Tuning made Bencher 1200x Faster

drop, the destructor of Rust structs

Building with AWS S3 using Rust

Rust tokio task cancellation patterns

[video] Build with Naz - Published crate r3bl_terminal_async for building async interactive CLIs in Rust

[video] Trent Billington - Bevy ECS - Power tool for data oriented applications

[video] Building a procedural art generator

[audio] Isograph with Robert Balicki

Research

A Study of Undefined Behavior Across Foreign Function Boundaries in Rust Libraries

Rust Digger: Does size matter? The biggest crate is 450MB; More than 100 crates are over 50MB

Miscellaneous

GitHub Sponsor Rust developer David Tolnay

Learn how to write TCP servers using Rust's std::net module

RustFest Zürich 🇨 Talks announced

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is scandir, a high-performance file tree scanner.

Thanks to Marty B. for the self-suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No calls for testing were issued this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Call for Participation; projects and speakers

CFP - Projects

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

awesome-alternatives-in-rust - Add dqy alternative to dig

fluvio - When a topic is deleted, connected clients should have their connection closed

fluvio - MQTT Connector: Prefix auto generated Client ID to prevent connection drops

fluvio - Remove localhost from fluvio in favor of 127.0.0.1

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

CFP - Speakers

Are you a new or experienced speaker looking for a place to share something cool? This section highlights events that are being planned and are accepting submissions to join their event as a speaker.

RustConf 2024 | Closes 2024-04-25 | Montreal, Canada | Event date: 2024-09-10

RustLab 2024 | Closes 2024-05-01 | Florence, Italy | Event date: 2024-11-09 - 2024-11-11

EuroRust 2024| Closes 2024-06-03 | Vienna, Austria & online | Event date: 2024-10-10

Scientific Computing in Rust 2024| Closes 2024-06-14 | online | Event date: 2024-07-17 - 2024-07-19

Conf42 Rustlang 2024 | Closes 2024-07-22 | online | Event date: 2024-08-22

If you are an event organizer hoping to expand the reach of your event, please submit a link to the submission website through a PR to TWiR.

Updates from the Rust Project

432 pull requests were merged in the last week

add simple async drop glue generation

llvm backend: Prevent creating the same Instance::mono multiple times

static_mut_refs: use raw pointers to remove the remaining FIXME

add a lower bound check to unicode-table-generator output

add an opt-in to store incoming edges in VecGraph + misc

add llvm-bitcode-linker to build manifest

allow workproducts without object files

at debuginfo=0, don't inline debuginfo when inlining

correctly change type when adding adjustments on top of NeverToAny

coverage: branch coverage tests for lazy boolean operators

coverage: prepare for improved branch coverage

delay interning errors to after validation

delay span bug when Self kw resolves to DefKind::{Mod,Trait}

don't ICE for kind mismatches during error rendering

don't ascend into parent bodies when collecting stmts for possible return suggestion

don't error on subtyping of equal types

don't inline integer literals when they overflow - new attempt

don't repeatedly duplicate TAIT lifetimes for each subsequently nested TAIT

fix ICE in eval_body_using_ecx

fix ICE when there is a non-Unicode entry in the incremental crate directory

fix capturing duplicated lifetimes via parent in precise_captures (impl use<'...>)

fix normalizing in different ParamEnvs with the same InferCtxt

fix trait solver overflow with non_local_definitions lint

flip spans for precise capturing syntax not capturing a ty/const param, and for implicit captures of lifetime params

give a name to each distinct manipulation of pretty-printer FixupContext

ignore -C strip on MSVC

implement Modified Condition/Decision Coverage

implement PROBLEMATIC_CONSTS generalization

implement syntax for impl Trait to specify its captures explicitly (feature(precise_capturing))

improve ICE message for forbidden dep-graph reads

interpret: pass MemoryKind to adjust_alloc_base_pointer

interpret: pass MemoryKind to before_memory_deallocation

interpret: use ScalarInt for bin-ops; avoid PartialOrd for ScalarInt

introduce perma-unstable wasm-c-abi flag

let inherent associated types constrain opaque types during projection

make suggest_deref_closure_return more idiomatic/easier to understand

make thir_tree and thir_flat into hooks

make the comments for ReturnDest variants doc comments

match ergonomics 2024: Implement eat-one-layer

match ergonomics 2024: mut doesn't reset binding mode

match hyphen in multi-revision comment matchers

opaque types have no namespace

outline default query and hook provider function implementations

prefer identity equality over equating types during coercion

print note with closure signature on type mismatch

properly handle emojis as literal prefix in macros

remove default_hidden_visibility: false from wasm targets

remove uneeded clones now that TrustedStep implies Copy

silence some follow-up errors on trait impls in case the trait has conflicting or otherwise incoherent impls

simplify shallow resolver to just fold ty/consts

stop taking ParamTy/ParamConst/EarlyParamRegion/AliasTy by ref

subtype predicates only exist on inference types, so we can allow them to register opaque types within them

tell LLVM Vec::len is invariant across growth

use raw-dylib for Windows synchronization functions

refactor clippy in bootstrap

when suggesting RUST_BACKTRACE=1, add a special note for Miri's env var isolation

miri: data_race: make the release/acquire API more clear

miri: no_std works on Windows now

miri: add localtime_r shim

miri: address reuse improvements and fixes

miri: deadlock: show backtrace for all threads

miri: directly call handle_alloc_error

miri: implement support for __rust_alloc_error_handler

miri: make realloc with a size of zero fail

miri: move read_byte_slice to general helpers file, next to read_c_str

miri: threads: keep track of why we are blocked, and sanity-check that when waking up

Box::into_raw: make Miri understand that this is a box-to-raw cast

PatRangeBoundary::compare_with: also add a fast-path for signed integers

codegen ZSTs without an allocation

stabilize Wasm target features that are in phase 4 and 5

stabilize const_io_structs

stabilize checking of cfgs at compile-time: --check-cfg option

stabilize generic NonZero

make checked ops emit unchecked LLVM operations where feasible

improve std::fs::Metadata Debug representation

fix negating f16 and f128 constants

force exhaustion in iter::ArrayChunks::into_remainder

checked_ilog: improve performance

add an intrinsic for ptr::from_raw_parts(_mut)

fix: make str::from_raw_parts_mut mut

use queue-based RwLock on more platforms

add support for Arm64EC to the standard library

codegen_gcc: fix PassMode::Indirect with params

codegen_gcc: fix check for main function already declared

codegen_gcc: fix panic when calling get_fn for a variable

codegen_gcc: fix passing custom CG_RUSTFLAGS when building sysroot

codegen_gcc: implement more type kinds

cargo install: including Locking message

cargo resolver: add default Edition2024 to resolver v3

cargo resolver: add v3 resolver for MSRV-aware resolving

cargo credential: trim newlines in tokens from stdin

cargo msrv: error, rather than panic, on rust-version 'x'

cargo msrv: put MSRV-aware resolver behind a config

cargo toml: don't crash on parse errors that point to multi-byte character

cargo toml: disallow source-less dependencies

cargo toml: error on [project] in Edition 2024

cargo toml: report _fied variants (e.g. dev_dependencies) as deprecated

cargo: fix 'cargo build' fails when list_files() with gix is triggered

rustdoc: always display stability version even if it's the same as the containing item

rustdoc: fix copy path button

rustdoc: support type '/' to search

rustdoc-search: fix description on aliases in results

rustdoc-search: single result for items with multiple paths

clippy: threadlocal_initializer_can_be_made_const will not trigger for unreachable initializers

clippy: arithmetic_side_effects fix false negative on +=

clippy: ptr_as_ptr: fix duplicate diagnostics

clippy: emit the needless_pass_by_ref_mut lint on self arguments as well

clippy: fix is_test_module_or_function

clippy: reduce single_char_pattern to only lint on ascii chars

clippy: rework interior mutability detection

clippy: the multiple_unsafe_ops_per_block test needs asm!

rust-analyzer: cargo script mvp

rust-analyzer: add convert From to TryFrom assist

rust-analyzer: allow rust files to be used linkedProjects

rust-analyzer: VFS should not walk circular symlinks

rust-analyzer: handle escaped chars in doc comments

rust-analyzer: replace Just the variable name in Unused Variable Diagnostic Fix

rust-analyzer: implement BeginPanic handling in const eval

rust-analyzer: make test harness arguments configurable and not --nocapture

rust-analyzer: render matched macro arm on hover of macro calls

rust-analyzer: try to generate more meaningful names in json converter

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

A week dominated by small mixed changes to perf with improvements slightly outweighing regressions. There were no pure regressions, and many of the mixed perf results were deemed worth it for their potential improvements to runtime performance through further optimization from LLVM.

Triage done by @rylev. Revision range: ccfcd950..a77f76e2

Summary:

(instructions:u) mean range count Regressions ❌ (primary) 0.4% [0.2%, 1.8%] 57 Regressions ❌ (secondary) 0.4% [0.2%, 1.9%] 26 Improvements ✅ (primary) -0.8% [-3.4%, -0.2%] 50 Improvements ✅ (secondary) -0.6% [-1.9%, -0.1%] 32 All ❌✅ (primary) -0.2% [-3.4%, 1.8%] 107

0 Regressions, 5 Improvements, 6 Mixed; 2 of them in rollups 62 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No calls for testing were issued this week.

RFCs

Rust

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

[disposition: merge] experimental project goal program for 2024 H2

Tracking Issues & PRs

Rust

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for std::path::absolute

[disposition: merge] Tracking Issue for convenience methods on NonNull

[disposition: merge] Inline more svg images into CSS

[disposition: merge] Edition 2024: Make ! fall back to !

[disposition: merge] static_mut_refs: Should the lint cover hidden references?

Cargo

[disposition: merge] fix(toml): Warn, rather than fail publish, if a target is excluded

New and Updated RFCs

[new] experimental project goal program for 2024 H2

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2024-04-24 - 2024-05-22 🦀

Virtual

2024-04-24 | Virtual + In Person (Prague, CZ) | Rust Czech Republic

#2: Making Safe Rust Safer (Pavel Šimerda)

2024-04-25 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup

2024-04-30 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Last Tuesday

2024-05-01 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Rust for Rustaceans Book Club: Chapter 5 - Project Structure

2024-05-01 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - with Social Distancing

2024-05-02 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-05-07 | Virtual (Buffalo, NY) | Buffalo Rust Meetup

Buffalo Rust User Group

2024-05-09 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn Meetup

2024-05-09 | Virtual (Israel) | Rust in Israel

Rust at Microsoft, Tel Aviv - Are we embedded yet?

2024-05-09 | Virtual (Nuremberg/Nürnberg, DE) | Rust Nuremberg

Rust Nürnberg online

2024-05-14 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2024-05-14 | Virtual (Halifax, NS, CA) | Rust Halifax

Rust&Tell - Halifax

2024-05-14 | Virtual + In-Person (München/Munich, DE) | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2024 / 1 - hybrid (Rescheduled)

2024-05-15 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2024-05-16 | Virtual (Charlottesville, VA, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-05-21 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC

Mid-month Rustful—forensic parsing via Artemis

Africa

2024-05-04 | Kampala, UG | Rust Circle Kampala

Rust Circle Meetup

Asia

2024-05-11 | Bangalore, IN | Rust Bangalore

May 2024 Rustacean meetup

Europe

2024-04-24 | Virtual + In Person (Prague, CZ) | Rust Czech Republic

#2: Making Safe Rust Safer (Pavel Šimerda)

2024-04-25 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Talk Night at MFT Energy

2024-04-25 | Berlin, DE | Rust Berlin

Rust and Tell - TBD

2024-04-25 | København/Copenhagen, DK | Copenhagen Rust Community

Rust meetup #46 sponsored by Nine A/S

2024-04-25 | Vienna, AT | Rust Vienna

Rust Vienna x Python User Group - April

2024-04-27 | Basel, CH | Rust Basel

Fullstack Rust - Workshop #2 (Register by 23 April)

2024-04-27 | Stockholm, SE | Stockholm Rust

Ferris' Fika Forum #2

2024-04-30 | Budapest, HU | Budapest Rust Meetup Group

Rust Meetup Budapest 2

2024-04-30 | Salzburg, AT | Rust Salzburg

[Rust Salzburg meetup]: 6:30pm - CCC Salzburg, 1. OG, ArgeKultur, Ulrike-Gschwandtner-Straße 5, 5020 Salzburg

2024-05-01 | Köln/Cologne, DE | Rust Cologne

This Month in Rust, May

2024-05-01 | Utrecht, NL | NL-RSE Community

NL-RSE RUST meetup

2024-05-06 | Delft, NL | GOSIM

GOSIM Europe 2024

2024-05-07 & 2024-05-08 | Delft, NL | RustNL

RustNL 2024

2024-05-08 | Cambridge, UK | Cambridge Rust Meetup

Monthly Rust Meetup

2024-05-09 | Gdańsk, PL | Rust Gdansk

Rust Gdansk Meetup #2

2024-05-14 | Virtual + In-Person (München/Munich, DE) | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2024 / 1 - hybrid (Rescheduled)

2024-05-14 | Prague, CZ | Rust Prague

Rust Meetup Prague (May 2024)

2024-05-21 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Hack Night

2024-05-21 | Zurich, CH | Rust Zurich

Save the date - Mai Meetup

North America

2024-04-24 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

2024-04-25 | Nashville, TN, US | Music City Rust Developers

Music City Rust Developers - Async Rust on Embedded

2024-04-26 | Boston, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

North End Rust Lunch, Apr 26

2024-05-04 | Cambridge, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Kendall Rust Lunch, May 4

2024-05-09 | Spokane, WA, US | Spokane Rust

Monthly Meetup: Topic TBD!

2024-05-12 | Brookline, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Coolidge Corner Brookline Rust Lunch, May 12

2024-05-16 | Seattle, WA, US | Seattle Rust User Group

Seattle Rust User Group Meetup

2024-05-20 | Somerville, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Ball Square Rust Lunch, May 20

2024-05-21 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group

Rust Hacking in Person

2024-05-22 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

Oceania

2024-04-30 | Auckland, NZ | Rust AKL

Rust AKL: Why Rust? Convince Me!

2024-04-30 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Canberra Rust User Group

CRUG April Meetup: Generics and Traits

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

The learning curve for Rust is relatively steep compared to other languages, but once you climb it you'll never look down.

– BD103 on Mastodon

Thanks to BD103 for the self-suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[koshekdev]

Backend update

Had the most horrible time working with Sequelize today! As I usually do whenever I work with Sequelize! Sequelize is an SQL ORM - instead of writing raw SQL, ORM gives you an option to code it in a way that looks much more like an OOP, which is arguably simpler if you are used to programming that way. So to explain my project a little bit, it's a full stack web app - an online photo editor for dragging and dropping stickers onto canvas/picture. Here is the diagram.

I'm doing it with Next which I've never used before, I only did vanilla js, React and a lil bit of Angular before. The architecture of a next project immediately messed me up so much, it's way different from the ones I've used before and I often got lost in the folders and where to put stuff properly (this is a huge thing to me because I always want it to be organized by the industry standard and I had no reference Next projects from any previous jobs/college so it got really overwhelming really soon :/) . The next problem was setting up my MySQL database with Sequelize because I know from my past experience that Sequelize is very sensitive to where you position certain files/functions and in which order are they. I made all the models (Sequelize equivalent of tables) and when it was time to sync, it would sync only two models out of nine. I figured it was because the other ones weren't called anywhere. Btw a fun fact

So I imported them to my index.js file I made in my database folder. It was reporting an db.define() is not a function error now. That was weird because it didn't report that for the first two tables that went through. To make a really long story short - because I was used to an server/client architecture, I didn't properly run the index.js file, but just did an "npm run dev" and was counting on all of the files to run in an order I am used to, that was not the case tho. After about an hour, I figured I just needed to run index.js solo first. The only reasons those first two tables went through in the beginning is because of the test api calls I made to them in a separate file :I I cannot wait to finish this project, it is for my bachelors thesis or whatever it's called...wish me luck to finish this by 1.9. XD

Also if you have any questions about any of the technologies I used here, feel free to message me c: <3 Bye!

[web-design-firm]

Difference between Web Design and Development: Build Your Site with Buzzz Booster

Web design and development are two closely related but distinct disciplines that involve creating and maintaining websites.

Web Design:

Web design focuses on the aesthetic and user experience aspects of a website. It involves creating the layout, visual elements, typography, and overall look and feel of the site.

Web designers use tools like Adobe Photoshop, Sketch, or Adobe XD to create mock-ups and prototypes of websites. They also consider factors such as user interface (UI) design, colour schemes, branding, and accessibility.

Key skills for web designers include graphic design, typography, colour theory, and understanding of user experience (UX) principles.

Web Development:

Web development refers to the process of building and maintaining the functionality of a website. It involves writing code that powers the website and makes it interactive and dynamic.

Web developers use languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for front-end development (what users see and interact with in their browsers) and languages like PHP, Python, Ruby, or Node.js for back-end development (server-side scripting and database management).

Web developers may also work with frameworks and libraries like React.js, AngularJS, or Vue.js for front-end development and frameworks like Django, Ruby on Rails, or Express.js for back-end development.

Key skills for web developers include proficiency in programming languages, understanding of web architecture, databases, APIs, and knowledge of web security best practices.

Buzzz Booster is a trusted web design and development agency dedicated to building innovative and user-friendly websites. With a focus on both design and functionality, Buzzz Booster combines creative expertise with technical proficiency to deliver outstanding web solutions. Their commitment to crafting engaging user experiences and implementing cutting-edge technologies sets them apart in the industry. Whether it's designing captivating visuals or developing robust functionalities, Buzzz Booster ensures that every aspect of their websites aligns with the client's goals and exceeds expectations. Clients can rely on Buzzz Booster for reliable, scalable, and visually stunning web solutions that leave a lasting impression on users.

Contact Details:

Website: BuzzzBooster.com

Phone: +91 88262 14661/ +91 77019 29228/ +1 727 239 7957

[nividawebsolutions]

The Debate of the Decade: What to choose as the backend framework Node.Js or Ruby on Rails?

New, cutting-edge web development frameworks and tools have been made available in recent years.  While this variety is great for developers and company owners alike, it does come with certain drawbacks.  This not only creates a lot of confusion but also slows down development at a time when quick and effective answers are essential.  This is why discussions about whether Ruby on Rails or Noe.js is superior continue to rage.  What framework is best for what kind of project is a hotly contested question.  Nivida Web Solutions is a top-tier web development company in Vadodara.  Nivida Web Solutions is the place to go if you want to make a beautiful website that gets people talking.

Identifying the optimal option for your work is challenging.  This piece breaks things down for you.  Two widely used web development frameworks, RoR and Node.js, are compared and contrasted in this article.  We'll also get deep into contrasting RoR and Node.js.  Let's get started with a quick overview of Ruby on Rails and Node.js. 

NodeJS: 

This method makes it possible to convert client-side software to server-side ones.  At the node, JavaScript is usually converted into machine code that the hardware can process with a single click.  Node.js is a very efficient server-side web framework built on the Chrome V8 Engine.  It makes a sizable contribution to the maximum conversion rate achievable under normal operating conditions. 

There are several open-source libraries available through the Node Package Manager that make the Node.js ecosystem special.  Node.js's built-in modules make it suitable for managing everything from computer resources to security information.  Are you prepared to make your mark in the online world? If you want to improve your online reputation, team up with Nivida Web Solutions, the best web development company in Gujarat. 

Key Features:

·         Cross-Platforms Interoperability

·         V8 Engine

·         Microservice Development and Swift Deployment

·         Easy to Scale

·         Dependable Technology 

Ruby on Rails: 

The back-end framework Ruby on Rails (RoR) is commonly used for both web and desktop applications.  Developers appreciate the Ruby framework because it provides a solid foundation upon which other website elements may be built.  A custom-made website can greatly enhance your visibility on the web.  If you're looking for a trustworthy web development company in India, go no further than Nivida Web Solutions.

Ruby on Rails' cutting-edge features, such as automatic table generation, database migrations, and view scaffolding, are a big reason for the framework's widespread adoption. 

Key Features:

·         MVC Structure

·         Current Record

·         Convention Over Configuration (CoC)

·         Automatic Deployment

·         The Boom of Mobile Apps

·         Sharing Data in Databases 

Node.js v/s RoR: 

·         Libraries:

The Rails package library is called the Ruby Gems.  However, the Node.Js Node Package Manager (NPM) provides libraries and packages to help programmers avoid duplicating their work. Ruby Gems and NPM work together to make it easy to generate NPM packages with strict version control and straightforward installation. 

·         Performance:

Node.js' performance has been lauded for its speed. Node.js is the go-to framework for resource-intensive projects because of its ability to run asynchronous code and the fact that it is powered by Google's V8 engine.  Ruby on Rails is 20 times less efficient than Node.js. 

·         Scalability:

Ruby's scalability is constrained by comparison to Node.js due to the latter's cluster module.  In an abstraction-based cluster, the number of CPUs a process uses is based on the demands of the application. 

·         Architecture:

The Node.js ecosystem has a wealth of useful components, but JavaScript was never designed to handle backend activities and has significant constraints when it comes to cutting-edge construction strategies.  Ruby on Rails, in contrast to Node.js, is a framework that aims to streamline the process of building out a website's infrastructure by eliminating frequent installation problems. 

·         The learning curve:

Ruby has a low barrier to entry since it is an easy language to learn.  The learning curve with Node.js is considerably lower.  JavaScript veterans will have the easiest time learning the language, but developers acquainted with various languages should have no trouble. 

Final Thoughts: 

Both Node.JS and RoR have been tried and tested in real-world scenarios.  Ruby on Rails is great for fast-paced development teams, whereas Node.js excels at building real-time web apps and single-page applications. 

If you are in need of a back-end developer, Nivida Web Solutions, a unique web development agency in Gujarat, can assist you in creating a product that will both meet and exceed the needs of your target audience.

[quantuminnovationit]

Future Trends in Ruby on Rails Web Development

In the ever-evolving landscape of web development, Ruby on Rails (RoR) continues to be a popular and powerful framework for building robust, scalable, and efficient web applications. As technology advances and market demands evolve, the future of Ruby on Rails web development holds exciting possibilities and trends that promise to shape the way developers approach projects. In this article, we delve into the emerging trends and innovations in ruby on rails development company, highlighting the role of leading ruby on rails development companies, particularly those in the USA, in driving innovation and pushing the boundaries of what is possible in web development.

Embracing Modern JavaScript Frameworks:

As JavaScript frameworks like React, Vue.js, and AngularJS gain prominence in the web development landscape, Ruby on Rails developers are increasingly integrating these technologies into their projects. By leveraging the strengths of both Ruby on Rails and modern JavaScript frameworks, developers can create dynamic and interactive user interfaces that enhance the overall user experience. Ruby on Rails development companies in the USA are at the forefront of this trend, leveraging their expertise to seamlessly integrate JavaScript frameworks into RoR applications and deliver cutting-edge solutions to clients.

Microservices Architecture and Scalability:

With the growing complexity of web applications and the need for scalability and flexibility, the adoption of microservices architecture is becoming increasingly prevalent in Ruby on Rails web development. By breaking down monolithic applications into smaller, independent services, developers can achieve greater scalability, fault isolation, and agility. Leading ruby on rails web development companies in the USA are embracing microservices architecture to build scalable and resilient applications that can easily adapt to changing business requirements and user demands.

Progressive Web Applications (PWAs):

Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) represent a significant trend in web development, offering the benefits of both web and mobile applications. By leveraging modern web technologies, including service workers, web app manifests, and responsive design principles, developers can create PWAs that deliver a fast, reliable, and engaging user experience across devices and platforms. Ruby on Rails development companies in the USA are leveraging the flexibility and power of RoR to build PWAs that combine the best features of native mobile apps with the reach and accessibility of the web.

AI-Powered Applications and Chatbots:

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies are increasingly being integrated into web applications to enhance functionality and user experience. In Ruby on Rails web development, AI-powered applications and chatbots are becoming more prevalent, providing personalized recommendations, automated customer support, and intelligent decision-making capabilities. ruby on rails development company usa  are leveraging AI and ML technologies to build sophisticated and intelligent web applications that anticipate user needs and deliver tailored experiences.

Serverless Architecture and Function as a Service (FaaS):

Serverless architecture is revolutionizing the way web applications are built and deployed, offering greater scalability, cost-efficiency, and flexibility. With the rise of Function as a Service (FaaS) platforms like AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Functions, developers can focus on writing code without worrying about managing servers or infrastructure. Leading ruby on rails development companies in the USA are embracing serverless architecture to build lightweight, event-driven applications that can scale seamlessly in response to fluctuating workloads and user demand.

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) Experiences:

The integration of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies into web applications is opening up new possibilities for immersive and interactive user experiences. In Ruby on Rails web development, developers are exploring ways to incorporate AR and VR features into e-commerce platforms, educational portals, and entertainment websites. Ruby on Rails web development companies in the USA are at the forefront of this trend, leveraging RoR's flexibility and versatility to build immersive AR and VR experiences that push the boundaries of traditional web development.

Conclusion:

As technology continues to evolve and market demands shift, the future of Ruby on Rails web development holds immense potential for innovation and growth. By embracing emerging trends such as modern JavaScript frameworks, microservices architecture, progressive web applications, AI-powered applications, serverless architecture, and AR/VR experiences, ruby on rails web development company usa are poised to lead the way in shaping the next generation of web applications. With their expertise, creativity, and commitment to excellence, these companies are driving innovation and pushing the boundaries of what is possible in Ruby on Rails web development.