#methane (ch4)

[envirosolutionstechnology]

Methane( CH4) Analyzer

The Methane (CH4) Analyzer by Enviro Solutions Technology is a cutting-edge device designed for highly accurate and reliable trace CH4 gas measurements, boasting minimal detection limits of 5ppb. Employing advanced technology, this methane CH4 analyzer enables healthcare professionals to detect remarkably low concentrations of methane in patient samples, ensuring unparalleled levels of accuracy and safety in healthcare settings.

[llewelynpritch]

DEMAND AN END TO ALL FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES Antonio Guterres  People power is change https://chuffed.org/donate/extinction-rebellion-2023  Pledge monthly and drive change Extinction Rebellion 3 August 2023

[talk2move-fundraising]

Kühe pupsen und rülpsen – und produzieren dabei klimaschädliches Methan. Forscher:innen der Washington State University haben ein neues Mittel dagegen: Kot von Baby-Kängurus. Daraus wurde eine mikrobielle Kultur entwickelt, die zu weniger Methan führte. Das zeigen die Forscher:innen mit Hilfe eines Kuhmagen-Simulators. Wenn dem Kuhmagen die Känguru-Kultur und ein bekannter Methan-Hemmer gegeben wurde, dann erzeugte der Simulator Essigsäure anstelle von Methan. Das könnte die Kühe dann sogar beim Muskelwachstum unterstützen. Das Team hofft, die Mikroben-Kultur bald an echten Kühen testen zu können.

Quelle: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten/klimagase-kaenguru-kot-hilft-dem-kuh-magen

[sidewalkchemistry]

"Despite the belief that leaving leaves will suffocate the lawn and leave them patchy, this isn’t the case.

According to The Farmer’s Almanac blogger Robin Sweetser, “pound for pound, leaves contain twice the mineral content of manure,” making it more powerful than the normal fertilizer and mulch that homeowners purchase each year.

By using leaves, homeowners are saving money on fertilizer and mulching that leaves will naturally do for free.

Environmentally, rotten leaves also act as food, shelter, and nesting or bedding throughout the winter for wildlife, bugs, and microorganisms. Moths and butterflies are known to winter in leaf litter, with birds and toads hiding beneath the leaves or picking through them in search of food.

This far and away beats the alternative of placing leaves in landfills, which FoodCycler warns can produce methane gas (CH4), which is 25 times worse for the environment compared to CO2 and traps atmospheric heat."

[tiredguyswag]

penis mundane penis insane

penis is CH4 call that penis methane

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Study investigates impact of Ni particle size on CO₂ activation and CO formation during reforming process

The pressing need for effective greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies has intensified the focus on converting CO2 and methane (CH4) into useful chemicals like syngas. The dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction is a promising avenue for this conversion. However, the efficiency of this process is heavily dependent on the catalyst used, with Ni-based catalysts being of particular interest due to their comparable activity to precious metals and their economic viability. The size of the active metal particles in these catalysts is known to influence their performance, but the detailed mechanisms behind this size-dependency have been elusive. A research group of Juntian Niu from Taiyuan University of Technology studied the impact of metal particle size on CO2 activation and CO formation within the DRM reaction.

Read more.

[globalwarmingupdates]

How to explore Global warming

Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a "greenhouse effect," which causes the planet to warm over time.

Causes of Global Warming:

Burning of Fossil Fuels: The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation releases large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Deforestation: Trees absorb CO2, and cutting them down reduces this capacity, while burning or decaying trees releases stored carbon.

Industrial Activities: Factories and other industrial processes emit various greenhouse gases.

Agriculture: Farming, particularly livestock production, produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Waste Management: Decomposition of organic waste in landfills also releases methane.

Effects of Global Warming:

Rising Temperatures: Global average temperatures have increased by approximately 1.1°C (2°F) since the late 19th century, with significant consequences for ecosystems and weather patterns.

Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Ice caps and glaciers are melting, contributing to rising sea levels, which threaten coastal communities.

Extreme Weather Events: Global warming increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts, and heavy rainfall.

Impact on Ecosystems: Warmer temperatures affect biodiversity, with species migrating or going extinct, altering ecosystems.

Health Impacts: Heatwaves, air pollution, and changing disease patterns (e.g., the spread of tropical diseases) are increasing due to warmer conditions.

Mitigation and Adaptation:

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Shifting to renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydropower, as well as improving energy efficiency, can help reduce emissions.

Carbon Sequestration: Reforestation and afforestation, as well as emerging technologies like carbon capture and storage (CCS), can remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

Climate Adaptation: Communities are developing strategies to cope with the impacts of global warming, such as building sea walls to protect against rising sea levels or altering agricultural practices to cope with changing climate conditions.

International Cooperation: Agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to limit global warming to well below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C, to avoid catastrophic climate change.to wellbeing threats.

[notbeingnoticed]

Study finds we must stop breathing to stop climate change.

[niceinchnails]

ethane is the ethan twins c2h6 and they make me laugh. I see two hahahahahaha

methane is ch4 cause i have methane in chapter 4 in the story of my life

[o-craven-canto]

Ea: Our Second Chance (8)

8. Fuscophyta: Ea’s black plants

(Index) (< 6b. The Commander) (> 9. The Descent)

(original image)

« We are able to think of nature as a mossy serenity only because we have done the hard work of taming the earth. We owe our kindly view of nature to an accumulation of technology and the efforts of civilization... We often forget this, and take both gardens and civilization for granted. » - Simon Sarris, Nature, Substack, 2020

« It's still not known how the association between Eucytobionts and methanogens first occurred. It seems analogous to the process of endosymbiosis by which oxygen-breathing bacteria and blue-green algae were incorporated by eukaryotic cells as mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Apparently, though, the methanosome of Fuscophytes does not require to be exposed to oxygen, but to be isolated from it. (Methanosomes are in fact extracellular, but always located inside masses or bladders impermeable to air.)

The function of this association has long been a mystery. The most basal Fuscophytes have the appearance of black moss covered in blisters. It was once said that their photosynthesis is very far from the efficiency found in Hematophytes, to the point that cultured isolated cells are net producers of carbon dioxide. This is however a misunderstanding. Fuscophytes are in fact photoheterotrophs: they are very efficient in deriving energy from sunlight to survive, but unlike Hematophytes and Terran plants they cannot use it to incorporate (fix) inorganic carbon into organic macromolecules.

Methanogens reduce carbon dioxide to methane (CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O) by using a variety of metal complexes as electron donors, especially cuproproteins. The association may be an attempt by the Fuscophytes to "outsource" carbon fixation to the symbiotes, as methane is probably easier to assimilate for the hosts compared to carbon dioxide. The details of these chemical operations are still very poorly understood. Methanosomes are also involved with a variety of biosynthesis processes.

The main benefit for modern Fuscophytes, however, might not be metabolic at all. Last year's work by Huang & Van Rijk proposes that it might be mechanical. Fuscophytes completely lack most means of support available to other organisms, whether bones or shells or structural polysaccharides. But they do have methane. As the gas is much less dense than Ea's atmosphere, large bladders help keep the organism upright without expending resources into sturdy trunks or metabolically inactive shells.

The most primitive moss-like forms seem to use methanosomes only for their metabolic benefits, and the "bubbles" kept in tension by the inner gas pressure are probably meant only to increase the surface available for photosynthesis (the leaves of Fuscophytes are never very developed, probably because of relatively inefficient circulation). However, we can see a clear progression in the mechanic role of methane from bubblemoss, through blistertrees (which use large bladders to lighten their structure, and visibly sag when they are punctured), to land kelp (which uses a group of bladders at the top to keep itself upright with minimal solid support, effectively as kelp did in Earth's oceans), to rootblimps (which are effectively clusters of photosynthetic bladders floating about, dragging adhesive tendrils on the ground to gather mineral and organic matter).

The danger posed by methane-concentrating organisms has been known since the earliest years of human presence on Ea. In warm and humid conditions, any thunderstorm brings the danger of rootblimps being blown by the wind near a settlement and exploding from a lightning strike. Fuscophytes also almost never form pure forests outside of the wettest climates because wildfires strongly limit their population density.

It has not escaped our attention, however, the potential industrial application of Fuscophyte symbiosis. A culture of Melanomyxa foetida (Van Rijk, 162) can be grown under pressure and in absence of oxygen, producing large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons (up to 15 ml per kg of culture per day under ideal conditions), which can be fractionated and refined to produce an acceptable substitute of gasoline. Given the virtual absence of natural fossil fuels on Ea, this has obvious economic implications. Because of the inherent minimal size of nuclear reactors, the inconstancy of solar power, and the high cost of compact bacteries, liquid fuels remain a necessity for light aircraft and other such vehicles. Water drawn from the wetlands in the mid-course of the Shuang Jiang rivers – the most accessible source for our company – appears an adequate medium when purified of competing organisms and metal pollutants. »

– Update Briefing internal memo, InterChem, 190 AL

« Rootblimps were our worst nightmare in the early years. Every time wind blew from the north they'd come swarming from the jungle like spaceships or something. Blotting out the sun, throwing this brown shadow everywhere at full noon. They'd shadow the crops, they'd make it a pain to fly scouting drones, they'd drag their disgusting sticky roots around the camp – I swear I saw them drag away a rover for half a mile, once – and they'd make this creepy drumbeat noise when they bumped into each other. And every time there was a thunderstorm – when wet wind from the sea met cold wind from the Ninurtas, I suppose – well, then they really became trouble.

What do you get when you take a huge bag full of methane, very flammable methane, connect it to the ground with a wet cable, and add lightning? Yeah. We had to shoot them down before they got too close to a pod or a camp. Thank God there aren't so many left these days. Let them burn in Hell, they'd enjoy it so much anyway. Have you heard those loons at Galapagos want to make them a protected species? I'll make you a protected species. I had to jump out of a burning rover when one of the damn things blew up. »

– Will Maddox, interview in Small Steps for Men: Earthborn Accounts of Ea's Early Years, Nisaba Press, 79 AL

« Rootblimp (Nepheloecia mirabilis; Fuscophyta : Cystopsida). [...] The name, literally meaning "cloud-dweller", is of course a misnomer, as the rootblimp generally remains in direct contact with the ground... The tendrils contain water-filled vessels with large ciliate cells that incorporate minerals at the ground level and actively carry them to the photosynthetic tissue in the floating bags. Considering the relative inefficiency of this method, it does not surprise that a rootblimp can take several decades to start casting spores, and more than two centuries to attain its full size. »

– fragment of encyclopedia, recovered from ruins in Toumai, circa 290 AL

[spacenutspod]

Whether or not you agree that Pluto isn’t a planet, in many ways, Pluto is quite different from the classical planets. It’s smaller than the Moon, has an elliptical orbit that brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune at times, and is part of a collection of icy bodies on the edge of our solar system. It was also thought to be a cold dead world until the flyby of New Horizons proved otherwise. The plucky little spacecraft showed us that Pluto was geologically active, with a thin atmosphere and mountains that rise above icy plains. Geologically, Pluto is more similar to Earth than the Moon, a fact that has led some to reconsider Pluto’s designation as a dwarf planet. Astronomers still aren’t sure how Pluto has remained geologically active. Perhaps the gravitational interactions with its moon Charon, or perhaps interior radioactive decay. But regardless of the cause, the general thought has been that Pluto is an exception, not a rule. Other outer worlds of similar size and composition are likely dead worlds. But a new study shows that isn’t the case for at least two dwarf planets, Eris and Makemake. This new study doesn’t rely on high-resolution images like we have for Pluto. Our current observations of Eris and Makemake show them only as small, blurry dots. But we do have spectral observations of these worlds, which is where this study comes in. The team looked at the spectral lines of molecules on the surface of these worlds, most specifically that of methane. Methane, or CH4 has two important variants. One is composed of standard hydrogen atoms, while the other contains one or more atoms of a type of hydrogen known as deuterium. Deuterium has a nucleus containing a proton and neutron rather than just a proton, and this skews the spectrum of methane a bit. From the spectral observations, the team could measure the D/H ratio for methane on both worlds. How D/H ratios compare to possible origins. Credit: Glein, et al This ratio is determined by the source of the methane. If Eris and Makemake are dead worlds, then the methane they have stems from their origin more than 4 billion years ago, and the D/H level should be on the higher end. On the other hand, if the surface methane was generated through an interior process and vented through active geological processes, then the D/H ratio should be lower. The team found that the ratio is most consistent with thermogenic and abiotic mechanisms, suggesting that both Eris and Makemake are active worlds, or at least were active in geologically recent times. Eris is about the same size as Pluto, so it isn’t too surprising that it’s a geologically active world given what we now know about Pluto. But Makemake is much smaller, about 60% the size of Pluto. If Makemake is an active world, then it is likely that other dwarf planets such as Haumea are as well. If that’s the case, then most if not all dwarf planets are geologically active. As the authors suggest, it might be worth sending a probe or two to the outer worlds for more study. Reference: Glein, Christopher R., et al. “Moderate D/H ratios in methane ice on Eris and Makemake as evidence of hydrothermal or metamorphic processes in their interiors: Geochemical analysis.” Icarus (2024): 115999. The post Even Eris and Makemake Could Have Geothermal Activity appeared first on Universe Today.

[llewelynpritch]

https://lnkd.in/e7fJkt-Y

https://lnkd.in/e96rw6tr EVERYBODY ACT NOW! XR HUMANITY’S EMERGENCY SERVICES SOCIAL, CLIMATE JUSTICE LOCAL, STOP THE ROT - FREE RESOURCES UPDATED 4 August 2023

[nomadicflowers]

Environmental impact documents conclude that if the oil produced by Willow is burned, it would create 260 million metric tons (260,000,000,000 kg ) of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. The noise, traffic, and pollution the project brings will disrupt ecosystems that Indigenous Alaskans have relied on for millennia. And the project threatens the already vulnerable caribou population — a vital resource many native communities rely on.

What happens when you drill in Alaska? Seismic vibrations can disrupt plants' growth patterns. In addition, the infrastructure from oil drilling can cause drainage issues for plants. Infrastructure, particularly road-building, can also lead to alkaline dust spreading across and settling on topsoil. Expansion of oil and gas drilling in their habitat could be extremely damaging. Direct contact with spilled oil would kill polar bears but an invisible threat could persist for years, as toxic substances lingering in ice or water may impact the entire food web of the Arctic ecosystem for years to come.

Offshore oil and gas drilling threatens our beaches, rivers, creeks, salt marshes and Sea Islands. It threatens wildlife like brown pelicans, bottlenose dolphins, sea turtles and endangered North Atlantic right whales. Offshore oil and gas drilling threatens our coastal way of life.

The production and use of oil and gas are inextricably linked to water. The extraction and processing of oil and gas consume large volumes of water, produce wastewater and may accidentally pollute water supplies. These effects have an impact on water supplies, human health and natural resources.

Is oil drilling help cause global warming?Not only that, the oil and gas industry releases massive amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas that is 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide. All told, the industry is responsible for 38% of all methane emissions in the United States, or 3.8% of all greenhouse gases.

Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is a primary component of natural gas. Methane is also a greenhouse gas (GHG), so its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth's temperature and climate system. Methane is emitted from a variety of anthropogenic (human-influenced) and natural sources.

Why is the Willow Project bad?

*

* The proposed project is a climate disaster in waiting.

* The analysis for the project covers only a sliver of ConocoPhillips’ plans for the area.

* New information on the risk of gas leaks has not been properly assessed.

* ConocoPhillips has played an influential role in the environmental review.

Oil destroys the insulating ability of fur-bearing mammals, such as sea otters, and the water repellency of a bird's feathers, thus exposing these creatures to the harsh elements. Without the ability to repel water and insulate from the cold water, birds and mammals will die from hypothermia.

The impact of an oil spill.

* harms animals and insects.

* prevents photosynthesis in plants.

* disrupts the food chain.

* takes a long time to recover.

[irradiate-space]

Shower thoughts on power generation

Starting assumptions:

The current generation of Small Modular Reactors has never been small enough to containerize, but there are small thermoelectric containerizable power plants without proliferation concerns: see the Mars rovers

Gigascale nuclear is still cheaper per MWh than SMR

But solar and wind are cheaper than gigascale nuclear

But solar and wind aren't 100% availability

Batteries are somewhat expensive

Flywheels are already containerized (see Kodiak, Alaska)

Terraform Industries would be stupid if their plants weren't containerized, and they don't seem stupid. Their rollout starts in 2024.

Carbon-neutral and carbon-negative don't mean "no carbon-based fuels"; just "no fossil fuels".

How do I see the near future playing out, say by 2050?

Containerized nuclear thermoelectric batteries are used for low-load low-sunlight high-impact postings, as a form of set-and-forget critical infrastructure. This is the most-wishful item on my list.

Maybe there's some geothermal in the mix, but it remains high cost to site and construct relative to other forms of power, and has limited geographic availability.

Gigascale nuclear gets built when your consumption density is higher than available solar/wind generation density, so long as it remains infeasible to build new long-distance power transmission lines.

Solar/wind fields power containerized electricity-to-CH4 plants as a source of carbon for carboniferous fuels. This fuels non-electrified mobile sources and, directly fuels demand-responsive gas turbines for The Grid when the sun don't shine/the wind don't blow. Your renewables overproduce electricity, beyond what The Grid needs? Make CH4. Don't want to deal with permitting for a thousand-mile-long transmission pipeline? Don't. Colocate CH4 generation with CH4 use.

Need a microgrid for a Burning Man, a FEMA camp, or Palestine? Unload a containerized 1MWh solar/flywheel/battery/CH4 setup, with 5 acres' worth of containerized solar panels to back it up. Knock out the temporary panels on the containers and convert them to modular buildings. Need more MWh? More containers, more acres. Or just truck in a couple tankers of methane and a generator.

Applications requiring high energy density switch to CH4, or use the cheapest solar/wind electricity to turn CH4 to propane/kerosene/gasoline as needed. Aircraft and many ground vehicles will still emit CO2, but it's CO2 that was sucked from the sky: Net Zero is achieved.

Net CO2 reduction comes from diverting air-sourced carbon to fixation: plastics, paints, asphalt, concrete, diamonds.

The Haber-Bosch process uses air-sourced hydrogen or desalination-sourced hydrogen instead of fossil hydrogen to make ammonia.

[alexnoel]

Climate Change: A Global Crisis Requiring Urgent Action

Introduction

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing issues of our time, impacting every corner of the globe and threatening the delicate balance of our planet's ecosystems. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching, affecting not only the environment but also human health, economies, and social stability. In this blog, we will explore the causes and effects of climate change, its implications for the world, and the urgent need for collective action to combat this global crisis.

Understanding Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature patterns and weather conditions on Earth. While natural climate variations have occurred throughout history, human activities since the Industrial Revolution have significantly accelerated the pace of change. The primary driver of climate change is the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to the greenhouse effect and a rise in global temperatures.

Causes of Climate Change

Burning of Fossil Fuels: The burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production and transportation releases large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere, contributing to the rise in GHG levels.

Deforestation: Trees play a crucial role in absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis. Deforestation for agriculture, urbanization, and logging reduces the planet's capacity to absorb GHGs, leading to increased atmospheric concentrations.

Industrial Processes: Industrial activities produce GHGs through various processes, including manufacturing, cement production, and chemical reactions.

Agricultural Practices: Farming methods, particularly intensive livestock production and rice cultivation, release significant amounts of methane and nitrous oxide, both potent GHGs.

Impacts of Climate Change

Rising Temperatures: Global average temperatures have been steadily increasing, resulting in heatwaves, extreme weather events, and shifts in precipitation patterns.

Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Higher temperatures are causing the polar ice caps and glaciers to melt, contributing to rising sea levels. This poses a significant threat to coastal communities, ecosystems, and low-lying countries.

Changes in Ecosystems: Climate change disrupts ecosystems, causing shifts in plant and animal species' distributions, loss of biodiversity, and increased risk of species extinction.

Water Scarcity and Droughts: Changing precipitation patterns lead to water scarcity in some regions, affecting agriculture, freshwater availability, and human livelihoods.

Increased Frequency of Extreme Weather Events: Hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and droughts are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, causing significant human suffering and economic losses.

The Urgent Need for Action

Addressing climate change requires immediate and concerted action on a global scale. Here are some key steps that individuals, communities, governments, and businesses can take:

Transition to Renewable Energy: Governments should invest in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower, while individuals can support clean energy initiatives and reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.

Reduce Emissions: Governments and industries should implement stricter regulations to reduce GHG emissions. Individuals can contribute by adopting energy-efficient practices, using public transportation, and minimizing waste.

Preserve and Restore Ecosystems: Protecting and restoring forests, wetlands, and other ecosystems helps absorb CO2 and preserve biodiversity.

Promote Sustainable Agriculture: Encouraging sustainable farming practices, such as organic farming and agroforestry, can reduce agricultural emissions and improve soil health.

Educate and Raise Awareness: Public education and awareness campaigns are crucial in promoting a collective understanding of climate change and its consequences.

Conclusion

Climate change is an existential threat that demands immediate action from all sectors of society. The consequences of inaction are severe and will be felt by future generations. By adopting sustainable practices, reducing emissions, and transitioning to renewable energy sources, we can mitigate the worst effects of climate change and build a more resilient and sustainable future. It is our collective responsibility to act now and preserve our planet for generations to come.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Single-atom catalysis: In search of 'holy grails' in catalysis

In the field of catalysis, the term "holy grail" reactions refers to those reactions that hold significant scientific, economic, and environmental sustainability value for the future of humanity. These reactions harness abundant and readily available resources on Earth, such as methane (CH4), water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), to produce various valuable chemical products. Despite their significance, these reactions often suffer from low conversion rates and poor selectivity due to the chemical inertness of reactants and the relatively high reactivity of the products. Developing new catalysts to lower the activation energy barrier remains a grand challenge. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), which contain partially-charged, single metal atoms with well-defined and tunable structures, represent a promising class of heterogeneous catalysts. Developing novel SACs can not only improve atomic utilization efficiency in active metals, but also promote a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms and structure-activity relationships.

Read more.