#photon absorption

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Science Notebooks of S. Sunkavally, p409.

[oh-dear-so-queer]

Absorption of light allows 11-cis-retinal to relax from a bent shape (arising from the cis double bond) to a lower energy, all-trans arrangement. The straighter all-trans-retinal can no longer fit in the receptor designed for 11-cis-retinal and is ejected. This change leads to differences in cell membrane potential and, as ions are pumped into the cell, this response turns into a nerve impulse that travels to the brain. That is not the end of the matter; the all-trans-retinal generated by this process is reconverted to 11-cis-retinal by specific enzymes, which can re-bind into the receptor, ready to interact with another photon of light.

FIGURE 16.21 The chemistry of colour detection in the eye following absorption of a particular wavelength of light by rhodopsin.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The UV portion of the radiation that is emitted by the Sun is down as the solid line in Fig. 3.3. (...) Ozone is the species responsible for intercepting these UV photons but, as shown in Fig. 3.3, it has a relatively small absorption cross-section in the UV-B wavelength range and almost no ability to absorb UV-A radiation. (...) As we have seen, ozone absorbs radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 315 nm (Fig. 3.3) with maximum absorbance near 255 nm. (...) If the curve for ozone in Fig. 3.3 was extrapolated to 1123 nm, it would be seen that the absorption cross-section is very small at that wavelength.

"Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective", 4e - Gary W. VanLoon & Stephen J. Duffy

[elodieunderglass]

you said Charlie is an academic but either I missed something or you never specified what kind of academic what kind of academic is he?

(and of course academic is what he is of course he'd trade one form of precarious, high-stress, high-pressure environment for another) (at least this one invoves less falling off horses at 40mph) (presumably)

(In reference to OC Killie the Jockey and his twin Charlie, who is so emphatically Not a Jockey that he went to grad school out of principle)

Charlie has a PhD in astrophysics, but not in anything especially sexy or exciting; I wave my hand over him doing something with the dynamics of space dust. Charged particles in a vacuum, or the differential absorption of photons, or maybe the reaction dynamics of extremely tiny particles that are so small they behave especially stupidly and with unpredictable mannerisms.

Actually, that last one might be too on-the-nose.

Anyway, there’s a lot of dust out there (because Nature abhors a vacuum. lol. Lmao) and THEY pay YOU to do a PhD in it. They do not expect you to become employable; they just need a grad student to sit overnight with the big laser, and so on. Charlie was especially good at that sort of thing.

[mysticstronomy]

GRAVITY MAY NOT BE A FUNDAMENTAL FORCE??

Blog#500

Welcome back,

Saturday, April 26th, 2025

A fresh look at gravity challenges long-held assumptions about one of nature’s most familiar yet puzzling forces. In a new study, two researchers argue that gravitational attraction is not a basic force at all, but an effect that emerges from deeper quantum processes tied to electromagnetism. If confirmed, the theory could help explain mysteries that have long resisted standard models — including the origins of dark matter and the energy accelerating the universe’s expansion.

The work, published in Journal of Physics Communications, reimagines gravity not as a force stitched into the fabric of spacetime, but as something that arises from the quantum-level behavior of ordinary matter. Ruth Kastner of the University of Maryland and Andreas Schlatter at the Quantum Institute in New York developed a framework in which space and time themselves are not fundamental but result from electromagnetic interactions between charged systems like atoms and molecules.

Spacetime from photon exchanges

“The creation of a real photon creates ‘the fabric of spacetime’ by giving rise to spacetime events and their structural connection; namely the emission event, the absorption event, and the real photon which links these,” said Kastner. “In short, spacetime events, along with their structural connections, emerge from these transactions.”

They occur when atoms or molecules emit and absorb photons — the particles of light that carry the electromagnetic force.

According to the theory, each transaction gives rise to a pair of events in spacetime, effectively stitching together a network of relationships that form what we perceive as space and time.

The idea builds on earlier efforts to rethink gravity as an emergent phenomenon — an effect that arises from more basic physical processes, rather than a force on its own. In this picture, the apparent curvature of spacetime described by Einstein’s general relativity is not a fundamental feature of the universe but a large-scale result of underlying interactions between matter and the electromagnetic field.

Originally published on https://www.advancedsciencenews.com

COMING UP!!

(Wednesday, April 30th, 2025)

"IS THE UNIVERSE THE INTERIOR OF A BLACK HOLE??"

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Scientists uncover light absorbing properties of achiral materials

Researchers at the University of Ottawa have made a discovery that changes what we know about light and materials. They found that engineered achiral (symmetric) materials, called achiral plasmonic metasurfaces, can absorb light differently depending on the handedness of the wavefront of light. This was surprising because, for years, such materials were found to be indifferent to any optical probes and do not show such selective absorption. The research, conducted over the past year at uOttawa's Advanced Research Complex (ARC), was led by Ravi Bhardwaj, Professor, Department of Physics at the University of Ottawa and Ph.D. student Ashish Jain. Collaborators include Howard Northfield, Research Engineer, and colleagues Ebrahim Karimi, Canada Research Chair in Structured Light and Associate Professor of Physics, and Pierre Berini, University Research Chair in Surface Plasmon Photonics and Professor of Electrical Engineering.

Read more.

[lexithequeenofgay]

Ninjago OC Dump

All of them are part of Ras' Team along with Arin

Name: Mkali

Nickname(s): Elemental Master of Fracture

Gender: Non-Binary

Pronouns: She/Her/They/Them

Age: 17

Species: Human

Relatives: None

Allies: Arin, Ras, Hana, Solana, Ace, Tihana, Yami, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Dragonians, Forbidden Five, Jay

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Elemental Fracture Power (ability to shatter any material and use the shrapnel as projectiles)

Gear:

Home Kingdom: Unknown

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Mkali is often quiet and reserved, preferring to be by themselves rather than with others. Not much is known about her, since she doesn't like to talk about her past. But she did say she lost control of her powers when she first got them, accidentally shattering a nearby home.

Other: Her name means ‘Sharp' in Swahili

Name: Hana

Nickname(s): Elemental Master of Nature

Gender: Female

Pronouns: She/Her

Age: 16

Species: Human

Relatives: Bolobo (Birth Father), Unnamed Mother

Allies: Arin, Ras, Mkali, Solana, Ace, Tihana, Yami, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Dragonians, Forbidden Five, Jay

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Elemental Nature Power (control/summon/manipulate plants/fungi, control animals), Gardening

Gear: Driftwood Bo Staff

Home Kingdom: Ninjago

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Her parents divorced when she was really young, and she has been living with her mother since. When The Merge occurred, she got separated from her mother, and met Mkali in the Crossroads. When The Tournament of The Sources came around, she and Mkali were invited, but they chose to not show up as they were dealing with their own problems at the time. She and Mkali met Arin and Ras shortly after The Source Tournament, and Ras manipulated them into joining him after he promised that they'd find Hana's mother.

Other: Her name means “grace”, “work”, “glow”, and “flower”, and is of Hebrew, Hawaiian, Maori, and Japanese origin

Name: Solana

Nickname(s): Sol, Lana, Elemental Master of Photon

Gender: Female

Pronouns: She/Her

Age: 15

Species: Human

Relatives: N/A

Allies: Mkali, Hana, Arin, Ras, Ace, Tihana, Yami, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Jay, Dragonians, Forbidden Five

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Elemental Photon Powers (Hands glow yellow and give give her the ability to Bend Light, create Light Constructs, cause a Flashbang-like power, have Invisibility (via light-bending), and absorb Light Absorption)

Gear:

Home Kingdom: Unknown

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Solana was one of the kids scouted by Ras after the Tournament of the Sources, along with Mkali and Hana. In her homeland, she was considered a freak for gaining Elemental Powers after the Merge. The white mark on her face was a result of accidentally harming herself after gaining her powers. After this, she became aggressive towards strangers. She usually keeps to herself, but she’s usually seen around Arin, as she sees him as an older brother.

Other: Her name means “Sunshine,” or “sunny place” in Spanish

Name: Ace

Nickname(s): Elemental Master of Portals

Gender: Male

Pronouns: He/Him

Age: 17

Species: Human

Relatives: N/A

Allies: Hana, Mkali, Solana, Ras, Arin, Tihana, Yami, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Jay, Forbidden Five, Dragonians

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Elemental Portal Powers (Hands glow light purple and give him the ability to create portals that allow for travel between different places)

Gear: N/A

Home Kingdom: N/A

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Ace is arrogant, and will often disobey Ras, much to his annoyance. Ace was scouted by Ras after the former had started using his newfound powers to cause crime around Ninjago City and the Crossroads. Ace’s role on Ras’ team is to help them escape from and ambush their enemies. However, he tends to do his own thing.

Name: Tihana

Nickname(s): Elemental Master of Absorption

Gender: Female

Pronouns: She/Her

Age: 15

Species: Human

Relatives:

Allies: Hana, Mkali, Ace, Solana, Ras, Arin, Yami, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Jay, Dragonians, Forbidden Five

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Sign Language, Elemental Absorption Power (Hands glow a bright white and give her the ability to (temporarily) absorb Elemental Powers (similar to Chronosteel), as well as other things like fire from torches, or electricity from tech)

Gear: Headphones

Home Kingdom: N/A

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Being born mute, Tihana has always been a bit of an outcast and considered weak. She prefers to listen to her music. She is much more observant than the rest of her teammates, which makes her an asset to Ras (despite her disability). Ras is understanding of her disability, and cuts her a bit more slack for lack of communication as opposed to the rest of the team. Ras recruited her due to her ability to absorb Elemental Powers. She and Ace have a bit of a rivalry since while she obeys Ras, Ace likes to do his own thing.

Name: Yami

Nickname(s):

Gender: Female

Pronouns: She/Her

Age: 16 (in human years), Unknown (in Oni years)

Species: Oni

Relatives: Mystake (relation unknown, deceased)

Allies: Ras, Arin, Mkali, Ace, Hana, Solana, Tihana, Fortuna

Enemies: Ninja, Forbidden Five, Jay, Dragonians

Affiliation: Ras’ Team

Skills/Abilities: Destruction Powers, Flight (with Oni Form), Sharp Claws (with Oni Form), Shapeshifting

Gear: N/A

Home Kingdom: The Realm of Oni & Dragon

Status: Alive

Personality/Background: Yami, unlike most Oni, is actually pretty friendly. She’s protective of her friends and teammates, and will often defend them if Ras gets angry at them for failing a mission. She blames Lloyd for the death of Mystake, so she joined Ras to get revenge on him.

[here-there-were-dragons]

while i'm thinking about the logistics of the fire flight, i propose that in the ashfall wastes, where the sky is constantly choked black with volcanic ash day and night and many live and die without ever knowing the sight of the sun and stars, that photosynthetic plants are extremely rare.

the sole exception to this general rule being some of the outer edges of the territory, further from the volcanic activity and thus much of the smoke-these areas are rolling fertile volcanic soils hills, on which nearly all of the ashfall waste's only photosythetic plants have evolved to be solidly, light-drinkingly black.

to oversimplify (partly because i don't really understand the deeper complexities of it either) photosynthetic plants under normal earthlike circumstances appear green from the chlorophyll they use to both block and absorb wavelenghts of radiation and light-different colors have different levels of protection and absorption. in the ashfall wastes, where the sun is already blocked by endless ash even at it's farthest sunniest reaches, a photosynthesizer must forego protection in order to drink up every last stray photon of light that it can. hence, absolute pitch blackness.

this, of course, means one genuinely clear day in the fertile hills could spell an ecological disaster as all of the fragile, unshielded black plants get fucking fried.

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Science Research Manuscripts of S. Sunkavally, p 738.

[cm-shorts]

Living in a Quantum World

Many people – including many physicists ��� silently assume that the "world out there" has already become classical. That things like trees, cups, or planets have definite properties, regardless of whether we observe them or not. Our observation appears as a purely passive act: we see what was already there. But this idea is not supported by physics. On the contrary, quantum mechanics shows that the fundamental description of the world is a continuously unfolding, highly complex quantum flow – a web of superpositions, entanglements, and evolving possibilities.

There is still no physical theory that convincingly explains how a classical world “emerges” from this quantum stream. Even decoherence theory, often cited for this purpose, merely shows how a quantum superposition splits into a set of classical alternatives, each assigned a certain probability. But it does not explain the selection – it does not tell us which of these alternatives becomes real for us.

In what follows, we deliberately adopt a different perspective: that the world out there always remains a quantum field of possibilities – even during and after our observation. Our conscious perception does not encounter an already fixed world, but reaches into an open quantum process.

Even the light supposedly “coming from a tree to us” is not just a stream of tiny particles sent out one after another. In truth, there are no definite photons that fly from the tree through the air into the eye. Instead, there is a finely entangled quantum field – the electromagnetic field – interacting with the atoms and surfaces of the tree and spreading out through space. This field contains many possible paths, many possible emissions, many possible points of absorption – but none of them are fixed in advance. Even when molecules in the retina later respond and trigger a chain of biochemical processes, the whole situation initially remains part of an unresolved, flowing quantum process.

But at the latest with the conscious visual impression – when the tree actually appears – a selection must have occurred. At this point, a concrete experience has emerged from a field of possibilities. And we must admit: we still do not understand how or why this happens. Where exactly the boundary lies between quantum openness and lived reality remains unknown. Perhaps it lies within consciousness itself – perhaps there is a deeper level at which reality and experience bring each other forth. All we can say with certainty is that in our conscious experience, we definitely see a classical world – with colors, shapes, objects, space, and causal structures. From the overwhelming variety of possible physical developments, we are presented with a coherent world – as if it had always been there. But perhaps it only became so – in the moment of its appearance.

And even afterward, the world does not remain fixed. The quantum process – this open, entangled field of possible developments – continues to unfold, even during and after our observation. Yet through our conscious act of perception, it has been slightly altered. A particular path was selected, certain alternatives excluded, others preferred. The world has not been fully narrowed, but it has been oriented – shaped by what was consciously experienced.

Here we are assuming that the wave function of the universe truly exists – as an objective, dynamic structure of the world, and not merely as a subjective tool of knowledge held by individual agents, as proposed in interpretations like QBism. If the wave function really does describe a field of real possibilities, then it has been subtly modulated by our observation.

And perhaps it is precisely this modified stream of possibilities that other observers will now encounter when they, in turn, look. Their experiences will arise from a field that has already been gently shaped by earlier acts of observation – like a river whose course shifts slightly with each encounter, without ever losing its openness. And so, what we call a shared world may come into being: a quantum stream that finds its form through many individual glances.

[minotaurmerkaba]

View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Peaceful Mind Peaceful Life (@peacefulmindpeacefullife)

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Electronic transitions in atoms can be represented using an energy level diagram such as the one shown in figure 4.21b. (...) As illustrated in figure 4.21, a ball may sit on the steps.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[sabia-spencer-answers]

Age: 18 years old

Sexuality: Biromantic/bisexual

This blog will tend to be pic heavy.

I’m Sabia Spencer. My siblings and friends call me Bia.

I was the surprise baby of the family.

My third oldest sister is also on here as @dalia-spencer-answers.

I have five older sisters and one older brother and also seventeen doppelgängers.

I’m the second one of my doppelgängers on here.

We aren’t fully telepathic to each other but do sense some strong emotions and can end up sharing nightmares/dreams and feel each other's pain, though this is sporadic.

I’m a Witch and KEEPER of light/electricity/fire.

Light Powers

Dark Light Manipulation - create the darkest light in existence.

White Light Manipulation- create sacred light from the divine.

Photokinesis - create and manipulate pure light.

Force-Field Generation - create protective shields of solid photons.

Invisibility - be unseen.

Laser Emission - bend light wavelengths to create lasers.

Light Absorption -absorb the light around you.

Light Generation - emit blinding light or glow in the dark.

Light Mimicry - take on the traits of light.

Photoportation - Teleport by using photons.

Evil Banish - Rid and banish all spirits of evil and black magic.

Light Manipulation

Fire Powers

Pyrokinesis - create, control and manipulate fire, flame and heat.

Atmokinesis - control and manipulate the weather by mixing water, fire, earth, air, and lightning/electricity

Fire Breath - breathe out flames.

Geo-Thermokinesis - manipulate lava, magma and volcanoes

Heliokinesis - manipulate and control the sun and sunlight.

Hell-Fire Manipulation - Generate and control flames of hell.

Holy Fire Manipulation - Generate and control flames of Heaven.

Inflammation - burn things.

Melting - heat molecules to melt things.

Plasmakinesis - can control plasma.

Pyrotechnics - create fireworks.

Self-Detonation - explode self and reform.

Thermokinesis - create, control and manipulate heat.

Electricity/Lightning Powers

Aether Manipulation

Quintessence Force -Can generate whitish-blue lightning that also contains pure life energy.

Electrokinesis - control, generate or absorb electric fields and shoot lightning bolts.

Activation & Deactivation - turn stuff on and off.

Positron Manipulation - control positrons, the antimatter counterpart to electrons.

Electrical Absorption - absorb electricity.

Electric Mimicry -transform entire body into a lightning-like being of pure electrical energy

Electrical Transportation - teleport with lightning.

Divine Lightning Manipulation - create and control the brightest lightning

Black Lightning Manipulation - create and control the darkest lightning.

Energy Powers

Dynamokinesis - manipulate existing energy .

Energy Blast - create blasts of energy.

Energy Emission - release energy.

Quintessence Force - create and manipulate unique form of electrical and life energy.

Mana Manipulation

Chi Manipulation

Electricity Manipulation

Energy Manipulation

[sunita-sterling-answers]

Age: 18 years old

Sexuality: Biromantic/bisexual

I’m Sunita Sterling. My siblings and friends call me Suni.

I was the surprise baby of the family.

My third oldest sister is also on here as @dia-sterling-answers.

I have five older sisters and one older brother and also seventeen doppelgängers.

I’m the only one of my doppelgängers on here. So far anyway.

We aren’t fully telepathic to each other but do sense some strong emotions and can end up sharing nightmares/dreams and feel each other's pain, though this is sporadic.

I’m a Witch and KEEPER of light and fire.

Light Powers

Dark Light Manipulation - create the darkest light in existence.

White Light Manipulation- create sacred light from the divine.

Photokinesis - create and manipulate pure light.

Force-Field Generation - create protective shields of solid photons.

Invisibility - be unseen.

Laser Emission - bend light wavelengths to create lasers.

Light Absorption -absorb the light around you.

Light Generation - emit blinding light or glow in the dark.

Light Mimicry - take on the traits of light.

Photoportation - Teleport by using photons.

Evil Banish - Rid and banish all spirits of evil and black magic.

Light Manipulation

Fire Powers

Pyrokinesis - create, control and manipulate fire, flame and heat.

Atmokinesis - control and manipulate the weather by mixing water, fire, earth, air, and lightning/electricity

Fire Breath - breathe out flames.

Geo-Thermokinesis - manipulate lava, magma and volcanoes

Heliokinesis - manipulate and control the sun and sunlight.

Hell-Fire Manipulation - Generate and control flames of hell.

Holy Fire Manipulation - Generate and control flames of Heaven.

Inflammation - burn things.

Melting - heat molecules to melt things.

Plasmakinesis - can control plasma.

Pyrotechnics - create fireworks.

Self-Detonation - explode self and reform.

Thermokinesis - create, control and manipulate heat.

Electricity/Lightning Powers

Aether Manipulation

Quintessence Force -Can generate whitish-blue lightning that also contains pure life energy.

Electrokinesis - control, generate or absorb electric fields and shoot lightning bolts.

Activation & Deactivation - turn stuff on and off.

Positron Manipulation - control positrons, the antimatter counterpart to electrons.

Electrical Absorption - absorb electricity.

Electric Mimicry -transform entire body into a lightning-like being of pure electrical energy

Electrical Transportation - teleport with lightning.

Divine Lightning Manipulation - create and control the brightest lightning

Black Lightning Manipulation - create and control the darkest lightning.

Energy Powers

Dynamokinesis - manipulate existing energy .

Energy Blast - create blasts of energy.

Energy Emission - release energy.

Quintessence Force - create and manipulate unique form of electrical and life energy.

Mana Manipulation

Chi Manipulation

Electricity Manipulation

Energy Manipulation

Family: Alison (mother), unknown father, Elora (oldest sister), Kefira (older sister), Dalita (older sister) Amos (older brother), Ronia (older sister), Carmel (older sister)

Dalita and her husband Wes who I currently live who both also have blogs.

Dia is @dia-sterling-answers

And

Wes is @wes-russo-answers

And yes he is Billy russo’s twin brother.

[solarpunkbusiness]

Since its development in the 1970s, the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) has been designed to improve solar energy capture by utilizing luminescent materials to convert and focus sunlight onto photovoltaic (PV) cells. Unlike traditional concentrators that depend on mirrors and lenses, LSCs can harness diffuse light and are often employed in building-integrated photovoltaics, where their semitransparent and colorful properties provide aesthetic advantages. However, scaling up LSCs to cover large areas has been challenging due to issues like self-absorption of photoluminescent (PL) photons within the waveguide. Researchers at Ritsumeikan University (Japan) have proposed an innovative “leaf LSC” model that promises to overcome such limitations by enhancing the collection and transfer of light to photovoltaic cells.

The leaf LSC design addresses the scalability problem by using smaller, interconnected luminescent components that function like leaves on a tree. As reported in the Journal of Photonics for Energy (JPE), this innovative setup involves placing luminescent plates around a central luminescent fiber, with the plates’ sides facing the fiber. This arrangement allows incident photons to be converted into PL photons by the plates, which then travel through the fiber and are collected at its tip by a PV cell. To enhance efficiency, clear lightguides connect multiple fibers to a single PV cell, effectively increasing the incident area of the LSC while reducing photon losses due to self-absorption and scattering.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Decades-old mystery solved: X-ray techniques reveal sulfur hexafluoride dissociation dynamics

An international team of scientists has unveiled new insights into the dissociation dynamics of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) under high-energy X-ray excitation. The study, conducted using advanced synchrotron radiation techniques, sheds light on the formation of neutral sulfur atoms during the decay of deep core holes in SF6. The work is published in Physical Review Letters. Understanding the interaction of X-rays with matter is fundamental to both scientific research and practical applications, including medical and technological advancements. These interactions involve complex processes including absorption, ionization, scattering, and the decay of excited states, which emit electrons or photons.

Read more.