#program to create calculator using switch case in java

[roseliejack123]

How to Master Java Fast: A Hands-On Approach

Java is a powerful and versatile programming language used in web development, mobile applications, and enterprise solutions. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refine your skills, mastering Java quickly requires a structured, hands-on approach. Instead of just reading theory, practicing real-world coding scenarios is the key to accelerating your learning. Enrolling in a Java Training in Bangalore significantly enhances one’s ability to leverage Java’s capabilities effectively.

This guide will walk you through an effective roadmap to mastering Java fast.

Set Up Your Java Development Environment

Before diving into coding, ensure you have the right tools in place. Install the Java Development Kit (JDK), which is essential for compiling and running Java programs. Choose an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or NetBeans to make coding more efficient with features like code suggestions and debugging tools. Setting up your environment correctly will allow you to focus on learning rather than troubleshooting installation issues.

Master Java Fundamentals First

A strong foundation in Java’s basics is crucial before moving to advanced topics. Start by understanding variables and data types, including integers, strings, and booleans. Learn about operators, such as arithmetic, relational, and logical operators, and how they help perform calculations and comparisons. Control flow structures like if-else statements, loops (for, while, do-while), and switch cases allow you to implement decision-making in your programs. Instead of just reading about these concepts, practice writing small programs to see them in action.

Adopt an Object-Oriented Programming Mindset

Java is built on the principles of object-oriented programming, which makes your code reusable and scalable. Focus on four key concepts:

Classes and objects form the foundation of Java programming.

Encapsulation protects data using access modifiers.

Inheritance enables code reuse by allowing one class to inherit from another.

Polymorphism allows one interface to be used for multiple implementations.

Create real-world projects using object-oriented principles, such as a student management system or an inventory management tool, to reinforce these concepts. It’s simpler to master this tool and progress your profession with the help of Best Online Training & Placement Programs, which provide thorough instruction and job placement support to anyone seeking to improve their talents.

Work on Real-Life Java Projects

The fastest way to learn Java is by building projects that mimic real-world applications. Start small, then progress to more complex applications. Some project ideas include:

A to-do list application that uses basic input/output and file handling.

A banking system that implements object-oriented concepts like classes and inheritance.

A weather app that fetches real-time weather data using APIs.

A chat application that introduces networking in Java.

By applying concepts in practical scenarios, you’ll gain confidence and a deeper understanding of Java programming.

Get Comfortable with Java Libraries and APIs

Java offers a wide range of built-in libraries that simplify development. Some of the most important ones include:

java.util contains data structures like lists, sets, and maps.

java.io handles file input and output operations.

java.net manages network programming tasks.

java.sql helps interact with databases using JDBC.

Mastering these libraries will make coding more efficient and allow you to build powerful applications.

Understand Exception Handling and Debugging

Errors are inevitable when coding, but Java’s exception-handling mechanism ensures smooth program execution. Learn how to use try-catch blocks to handle errors gracefully. The finally block ensures critical code runs regardless of exceptions. Debugging is another essential skill—practice using debugging tools in your IDE to identify and fix issues efficiently.

Explore Java Frameworks for Faster Development

Once you're comfortable with core Java, learning frameworks can speed up development. Some of the most widely used Java frameworks include:

Spring Boot for building enterprise-level applications.

Hibernate simplifies database interactions with object-relational mapping.

Apache Maven manages project dependencies and builds.

JUnit is used for testing Java applications.

Exploring these frameworks will make you job-ready and improve your efficiency as a Java developer.

Practice Coding Daily and Solve Challenges

The best way to master Java quickly is to code every day. Solve Java coding challenges on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, and CodeChef. These platforms offer algorithm-based problems that sharpen problem-solving skills. Additionally, contributing to open-source projects on GitHub can help you gain real-world experience.

Join Java Communities and Seek Mentorship

Engaging with Java communities can provide invaluable learning opportunities. Join forums like Stack Overflow, Java Reddit, and GitHub Discussions to ask questions and learn from experienced developers. If possible, find a mentor who can guide you through challenging concepts and best coding practices.

Final Thoughts

Mastering Java quickly requires a hands-on, structured approach. By setting up your environment, focusing on core concepts, building projects, and practicing regularly, you can accelerate your learning journey. Remember, consistency is key—keep coding, keep exploring, and soon you'll be a confident Java developer ready to take on exciting projects!

[smartprogramming]

Program to create Calculator using switch case in Java by Deepak

[anantradingpvtltd]

Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] The length of this book is 200 pages; you may not complete reading this book in 8 hours. About This Book "JAVA in 8 hours" is a textbook for high school and college students; it covers all essential JAVA language knowledge. You can learn complete primary skills of JAVA programming fast and easily. The textbook includes a lot of practical examples for beginners and includes exercises for the college final exam, the engineer certification exam, and the job interview exam. “JAVA in 8 hours” is a useful textbook for beginners. The straightforward definitions, the plain examples, the elaborate explanations and the neat layout feature this helpful and educative book. You will be impressed by its distinctive and tidy writing style. Reading this book is a great enjoyment! Note This book is only suitable for programming beginners, high school students and college students; it is not for the experienced programmers. Table of Contents Chapter 1 What is Java? Java Program Java IDE Install Java Execute Java Program Java Comments Output Commands Escaping Characters Java Keywords Data Types Create a Variable Arithmetical Operators Logical Operators Assignment Operators Comparison Operators Conditional Operator Hands-on Project: Calculation Summary Chapter 2 If Statement If-else Statement Switch Statement For Loop While Loop Do-While Loop Break Statement Continue Statement Boolean-Expression Hands-on Project: Run 100 Times Summary Chapter 3 Create an Array (1) Create an Array (2) Array Length Element Value Sort Array Elements Math Methods Ceil ( ) & Floor ( ) Max ( ) & Min ( ) pow ( ) & sqrt ( ) Math.PI & random( ) Hands-on Project: Start with Zero Summary Chapter 4 String Length String Connection String Comparing Extract a Character Locate a Character Extract a Substring Case Change Character Replace String Type & Space StringBuffer Hands-on Project: True or False Summary Chapter 5 Method Method & Arguments Return Value Class Definition Object Declaration Class & Object Constructor Constructor Example Overloading "this" Keyword (1) "this" Keyword (2) Instance & Local variable Hands-on Project: Constructor Hands-on Project: Contact Info. Summary Chapter 6 Inheritance "super" keyword Overriding Overloading & Overriding Static Variable Static Method Final Variable Final Method( ) Final class Polymorphism Package & Import Build a Package, Import a Class Hands-on Project: Inheritance Summary Chapter 7 Abstract Abstract Example Permission Public Member Protected Member Default Member Private Member Private Example Interface Interface Example Abstract & Interface User Input Additional Class Hands-on Project: Max & Min Hands-on Project: Max & Min Summary Chapter 8 Exception Catch Exception (1) Catch Exception (2) Catch Exception (3) Finally Command Throw Exception Throws Exception File Class FileOutputStream FileInputStream Create Thread Extends Thread Implements Runnable Multi-Thread Thread's Methods Thread Methods Example Hands-on Project: Out of Range Hands-on Project: Multi-Tasks Summary JAVA Questions & Answers Questions Answers Recommended Books Paperback Searching Keywords: Java by Ray Yao Java in 8 Hours ASIN ‏ : ‎ B0BMQX5CGR Publisher ‏ : ‎ Ray Yao's Books (16 November 2022) Language ‏ : ‎ English File size ‏ : ‎ 4125 KB Text-to-Speech ‏

: ‎ Enabled Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled Print length ‏ : ‎ 197 pages [ad_2]

[blubberquark]

Python 3 and PyGame in 2018

Table of Contents

1. Why PyGame?

2. Why Not?

3. Explicit Is Better Than Implicit

4. Three Pain Points

5. Other Cool Libraries

6. More To Come

1 Why PyGame?

PyGame is a nice library for getting started with game development. It is a good way to learn programming in a "real programming language" while making games1. There is very "magic" going on in PyGame, and you can go from print("Hello World") to drawing a triangle on the screen and then to Pong or Tetris with a smooth learning curve.

PyGame is also an easy way to get your feet wet in game development if you know and use Python already, for example in machine learning or web development. That's how I came to learn PyGame.

2 Why Not?

PyGame is just a low-level library for creating windows, drawing on the screen, reading joystick input, and playing sounds. OpenFL, Löve2D, FNA and LibGDX fill similar niches in the Haxe, Lua, .Net and Java ecosystems, respectively. If you want a full-featured engine, use Unity3D, UE4, or Godot. If you don't want to learn to code, you will probably fare better with GameMaker or Stencyl2. If you want to tell an interactive story with little actual gameplay, maybe Twine or Ren'Py are more your thing.

3 Explicit Is Better Than Implicit

Maybe PyGame is not for everybody… However, if you do just want to make small 2D games, and don't want to rely on automagic functionality, PyGame could for you. That means you have to code your own game loop3, poll the keyboard or game pad, and update the screen yourself.

Your game loop will look something like this:

import pygame pygame.init() # ... # setup stuff here screen=pygame.display.set_mode(screen_size) clock=pygame.clock.Clock() running=True while running: clock.tick(30) events = pygame.event.get() keys = pygame.key.get_pressed() for e in events: if e.type==pygame.QUIT: running=False elif e.type==pygame.KEYDOWN and #... # handle jumping etcetera # ... # move sprites around, collision detection, etc # ... # draw pygame.display.update() pygame.quit()

The ease of just drawing pixels on the screen and the lack of hidden features sometimes makes it harder to get started making certain games genres. If you start from scratch in Unity3D, you already have a level and a camera and you can just create a sphere GameObject and check a box to enable the physics engine. If you draw a circle on the screen in PyGame, it's just pixels on the screen. These pixels don't know anything about cameras, raycasting, or physics, so if you want to move the view around, make your circle clickable, or have it bounce off walls, you have to connect the systems yourself. PyGame gives you tools to check for collisions, a Sprite class that is the closest equivalent to GameObject, and a way to find out where on the window the mouse was clicked.

If you want to use a pre-made physics engine like Box2D, or roll your own, you have to write some glue code, but PyGame will stay out of your way.

This can even be a tremendous advantage when you want to make a game like Tetris4, or like SimCity, where you don't want to use 3D collision detection and a physics engine anyway, and collision detection happens on a grid. A game like Braid, where you can rewind the entire game state, will also be much easier if you have full control over your game loop. You can do all these things in a big and opinionated engine, as Hearthstone (a card game made in Unity3D) has showed us, but if don't need these features, you sometimes have to code around them. If you code around features you don't need, or re-build your own systems on top of a commercial engine, you might end up writing more code than if you had just started from scratch5.

All of this goes double for tools like PuzzleScript, RPG Maker, GameMaker, Bitsy or Twine. These are all geared towards certain kinds of games, and while they make it really easy to make that kind of game, they make you jump through hoops if you want to build anything else.

4 Three Pain Points

Although I just told you that PyGame is a great library, it is not as popular among game developers as it should be. This is mostly due to three problems dating back to the Python 3 days: multi-threading, deployment, and HD screen resolutions.

Multi-threading: Due to the GIL, an unfortunate implementation detail in CPython6, you can't have two threads execute Python code at the same time. That means your multi-threaded Python programs will still run in parallel, but there will only ever be one thread running at any time. On a single-core machine, there is not that much to worry about, because you only have one core that can run code anyway, but on a multi-core machine, you can't really take advantage of the additional cores. Still, what you could do is have one thread handle input and draw to the screen, while another, long-running thread does complicated enemy AI calculations that take longer than one frame to complete. That won't make your code run any faster in aggregate, but it will can at least ensure that the tick-input-update-draw cycle of the game loop runs at a smooth frame rate while the AI takes a lot of time.

If you're using i/o operations from the Python standard library, long-running numpy code or clock.tick(FPS) in PyGame, these libraries do the right thing and tell the Python interpreter that they are entering a section of native code during which Python code can safely run in another thread. But in general, you could have a Python function that calls native code that doesn't return for a while, so the Python interpreter is executing the same line of Python and other threads can't run. If that bit of native code is waiting for input, your whole program will freeze until the input arrives, even if you have ten other threads waiting that could do useful things in the mean time.

There are two modules to help you with concurrency in Python 3: multiprocessing and asyncio. The first has been around since Python 2.6, and lets you execute Python code in another process. This is useful if you have long-running computations like enemy AI that you want to run on another core. The other, asyncio is new in Python 3.37. With asyncio, you can run multiple coroutines in the same thread. A scheduling object called an event loop will execute coroutines piecemeal whenever there is input available. Because asynchronous coroutines are basically Python functions with some extra syntactic sugar, you can have tens of thousands of them running at the same time, unlike processes or kernel threads, which need a comparatively large amount of RAM to create and some time to context-switch. The use case for asyncio is pretty much the opposite of the use case of multiprocessing: Lots of threads8 waiting for i/o instead of long-lived processes that crunch numbers.

Deployment: There used to be no simple and easy way to package Python 2 games for end users. Sure, you could ask them to install python, either from Python.org or from the package manager of their choice, and give them the source code. Or you could use py2exe or py2app and create portable versions of a python script, but you couldn't build Windows, Mac and Linux executables from the same configuration file, and only on the respective platform. There were multiple competing standards for packaging python modules as source distributions: distutils, setuptools, distribute, and distutils2.

In the mean time, a smart person invented cxfreeze, which would automatically package every single dependency, every resource file and library used by your program, into one big archive. Unfortunately, that approach tended to pull in a bunch of DLLs that are already present on most end users machines. You also need to have the script already running on the target platform to analyse the dependencies at runtime.

With Python 3, setuptools has won, and the others have been merged into it9. There is a new file format for packaging Python modules called wheels10, that lets users install modules with native code without a C compiler. PyInstaller11 lets you build self-contained, portable versions of scripts on Windows, Mac or Linux based on the specification, and pynsist12 lets you create a windows installer for a Python script from any platform, because it downloads windows-compatible wheels and includes them without setting up a cross-compiling environment. The Panda3D project is even working on a cross-platform binary packaging system for Python 3 games based on setuptools!

HD screens: The software-based rendering in PyGame gets slower proportionally to the number of pixels. If you draw a 16x16 character sprite onto the screen, that makes 256 pixels. If you blit a background picture into a 640x480 (VGA) window, that's 307200 pixels already. If you scale that window up to 1280x960, that's four times as many pixels, and 1080p full-HD resolution has 6.75 times as many pixels as VGA. Things that were quite fast at low resolutions become a real bottleneck on HD screens, and you really feel the burn when you run PyGame on devices with a slower CPU and a HD screen, like a phone or a Raspberry PI.

Even if you run your game logic at a low resolution, and just scale up the screen to HD with pygame.transform.scale in the final step, that still means moving lots of pixels around in software. Scaling your game up to full-screen on a HD display can easily take the majority of your processing time. And remember, we effectively have only one core!

If you could copy your 320x240 surface into a texture and scale up your pixel art with the GPU, you eliminate a major bottleneck. The GPU is surprisingly fast and energy-efficient in phones, tablets and on the raspberryPI.

Fortunately, instead of directly drawing pixels into your window, PyGame can give you an OpenGL context and let you use whatever OpenGL bindings you like. In the past, that would have been with PyOpenGL, or pyglet. With Python 3, we can use ModernGL. ModernGL is much simpler than the other two. It targets only modern versions of OpenGL. Unlike PyOpenGL and pyglet, there is no support for immediate mode or the old fixed-function pipeline. You have to use vertex buffer objects and custom shaders. It's fast, and it lets you do fancy post-processing effects in addition to scaling.

If you need more performance, or fancier effects, you can incrementally transition from drawing into PyGame Surfaces towards creating individual textures for your Sprites and rendering directly with OpenGL.

5 Other Cool Libraries

The missing level editor: Tiled13 is a great level editor. You can use PyTMX14 to read the maps files, and pyscroll15 to render them.

Discord Rich Presence: All the cool kids are on Discord16. With pypresence17, you can let your player's friends know what the game is called, which level they are on, and how many points they have scored. It definitely beats having "now playing Python3.exe" as your Discord status line.

Creating Videos: moviePy18 gives you a simple API to create, load and edit GIFs, WEBM and other video file formats.

6 More To Come

The problems I used to have in PyGame haven't disappeared, but in 2018 and with Python 3.6, they have become solvable. It is possible to started making games with PyGame, and to polish and deploy them on Steam and itch.io. There used to be a tool to deploy PyGame to Android phones and tablets, but that was based on Python 2.7 and some hacks to get everything to run. With the current effort to port PyGame to SDL2, we can soon deploy games written in PyGame to Windows, Mac, Linux, Android and all major consoles, which support SDL219

This post is longer than I thought already, so I'll take a break here. In the coming days I will write more about using the asyncio module to do i/o in PyGame without tanking your frame rate, using the moderngl module to scale up your pixel art, and trying out deploy-NG, a setuptools extension from Panda3D to distribute games to end users.

Footnotes:

1

I recommend Al Sweigart's tutorials at http://inventwithpython.com/, and http://inventwithpython.com/pygame/

2

Maybe you want to start designing games first instead of learning to program, so you start out with these tools, but I would recommend you learn at least a little bit of a real programming language as well, to get some perspective. If you learn C#, which is a real programming language, together with Unity or Godot, please look up which features are part of C# and which are unique to your engine.

3

To avoid common pitfalls with game loops, read these: http://www.koonsolo.com/news/dewitters-gameloop/ and https://gafferongames.com/post/fix_your_timestep/

4

I am speaking from experience here. We made a Tetris-like game in Unity, and it was not worth the trouble. You can see the result here, but it's nothing special: https://blubberquark.itch.io/tetrominions

5

Please don't write an engine from scratch! People like Jon Blow, Tommy Refenes, John Carmack, David Pittman or Notch wrote their own 3D engines for various reasons. That said, if you actually need a big 3D game engine for your game, please don't write your own on top of PyGame. You are not John Carmack (unless you are, in which case you should stop reading this because you know more about programming than I do). Use Panda3D or Godot if you want something that is open source and Python-based (Godot Python support is still in beta, but getting there). Or use one of the commercial engines listed above.

6

I'm simplifying massively here. Look up the Global Intepreter Lock if you want to know more. The GIL also allows PyGame to call SDL functions without worrying too much about whether SDL is thread-safe. It's not all bad.

7

Only with Python 3.5 it has become really usable, though, and they are still working out the kinks in the API.

8

I mean that as in lightweight threads, Erlang threads, green threads.

9

You can still find distutils in Python 3 for backward compatibility reasons.

10

http://pythonwheels.org

11

http://www.pyinstaller.org/

12

https://pynsist.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

13

https://www.mapeditor.org/

14

https://github.com/bitcraft/PyTMX

15

https://github.com/bitcraft/pyscroll

16

It manages to combine the good parts of Skype, Slack, and TeamSpeak, but it's not open source. https://discordapp.com/

17

https://github.com/qwertyquerty/pypresence

18

https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/

19

SDL2 already runs on the Nintendo Switch, for example. Unfortunately, the licensing terms of the Switch developer kit prohibit you from publicly sharing code that targets the Switch API in public. You have to contact Ryan Gordon and ask him for access, after signing the NDA. I am not a lawyer, this is not legal advice, but as far as I understand it, although the licensing terms of PyGame and SDL allow you to share the code, Nintendo could still sue you for breach of contract. That problem is not unique to PyGame though. A similar workaround exists in the Haxe world, where you have to contact Lars Doucet to get access to a version of OpenFL for Switch. There is also a homebrew version of Python available at https://github.com/nx-python/PyNX, but the NDA might prohibit you from using homebrew and reverse engineering.

[techcouncilglobal]

Python Programming for Beginners on the Web

In this digital era, different apps, AI, machine learning, robotics, and databases all rely on coding. Coding has evolved into a necessary skill. We currently have a vast choice of coding languages to choose from. Python programming is currently one of the most widely used computer languages. It is widely used as a professional programming language in a variety of companies. Python is also ideal for machine learning, artificial intelligence, and robots. Python is now one of the most extensively used programming languages in the world.

There are various online and offline python courses available right now. People begin their python experience with widely available python crash classes. However, with more and more python certification courses being offered on an online platform every day, it's critical to know which path to take. Here, we quickly examine the best course of action to take from the start. This approach will show a novice how to learn python programming online in the appropriate way.

For novices, the best way to learn python programming online is to:

Python is used in website development, software development, automation, data visualisation, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). As the scope of the language expands, so does the importance of the language. Python is also a top priority for new-age technology. Python is a job-friendly language because of its active community, ease of learning, and strong useable libraries.

Python is becoming increasingly important for technical students to understand as its reach develops. Beginners should follow these steps in order to learn quickly.

1. Understand the fundamental syntax:

Beginners should understand the basics of Python programming syntax. As a coding language, this language is English. As a result, anyone may learn the basic grammar in a short amount of time. The if-else and while loop structures, as well as switch-case and try-catch structures, are important to grasp. This stage also covers how to take input, display output, and write conditions. Many structures are similar to those found in the C and C++ languages. So, if a person knows at least one other programming language, such as C, C++, or Java, learning the basic grammar of python will take only a few hours. Before moving on, it's critical to understand the fundamental syntax. Beginners can learn the basics of Python by enrolling in any introductory Python course.

2. Carry out the well-known collaborative programming:

This is most likely one of the most important steps. This aids newcomers in improving their proficiency, clarifying topics, gaining confidence, and becoming more python-friendly. This step entails performing the basic and well-known coding in the Python language. Python should be used to run series or triangle print, simple calculator, array, link list, and other data structures programmes. The python programme of a well-known language clarifies the language. It also aids in the rapid adoption of this new coding language.

3. Begin to learn how to use Python libraries:

The best coding tool is Python libraries. And it is because of these fundamental libraries that they are so popular and versatile. Python comes with a large number of libraries. However, Numpy, Pandas, and Scikit-Learn are some of the most important libraries to learn. Topic-specific libraries are also available in Python. I have SciPy, Visual Python, and many others, as well as PyGame for gaming. So make an effort to become acquainted with these libraries.

4. For a more in-depth look at Python:

Now is the time to put more effort into learning Python. To get deeper with python, it's critical to pick a decent topic. Python is useful in practically every field. Python is used in applications, websites, the gaming sector, machine learning, data science, and artificial intelligence. As a result, a person should choose their themes carefully, such as games, machine learning, artificial intelligence, or any other. Codeacademy is a fantastic place to start for gaming, and Pygame is an important library to learn. However, understanding the critical tool is critical for mobile applications. Scikit-learn is an essential library to master if you're interested in data science or machine learning. And one of the greatest python certification courses is Dataquest or Harvard online Courses. Raspberry Pi is essential knowledge for robots and sensors.

5. Complete Projects:

Now is the time to get to work on a few projects. Begin with some little, simple projects, then work your way up to more python programming certification,and real-world projects. For gaming reasons, one should begin with a simple puzzle game and work their way up to creating a nice game on their own. Any real-life project can be used to teach machine learning. For machine learning-based python projects, real-life data sets are available on the internet. The python programming language will have already grown proficient and professional at this time.

Conclusion:

Python is a free and open-source programming language. Python is the greatest choice for novices. Its English-like syntax aids non-technical students in quickly learning the language. A newcomer can always turn to the most active python community for assistance. Furthermore, there is no need to install any software in order to use Python. From a browser, one can start learning it with Google Collabo or Kaggle. Python generates a considerable number of employment as its popularity and usability grow. Choosing the greatest python programming certification can lead to a successful career. Python has become a must-have talent for technical students as an employment criterion. As a result, now is a better and smarter moment to study this widely used language.

[inlarn]

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Why Should We Use Matlab - Common Question of Electrical Students

Engineers who are from the electrical background, they are linked with the idea of complex systems. This includes precise mathematical calculations. This also contains the data analysis with the manual method, which is a fierce one. In this scenario, MATLAB and Simulink Modeling come where the tremendous computational capability takes place to analyze those data.

MATLAB is a programming language that is used for scientific computing. It was created to help digital computation without the use of other programming languages like C or FORTRAN. The use of Matlab and Simulink Modeling is used to solve several problems. For solving Matlab applications, knowledge of coding in Matlab is required. There are various software toolboxes available from Mathworks software. This delivers extra functionality required to solve queries in an extensive area of controls like

Computational biology

Image as well as video processing

Optimization

Partial differential equations

Signal processing as well as communications

Statistics along with the data analysis

Is It Necessary to Learn Matlab for Electrical Students?

At the academic level, it is important to know MATLAB. It is a great software for learning image processing and data analysis. In the organization, it depends on the type of the company and as a MATLAB expert, an employee will work as an engineer. Suppose anybody gets a job includes system-level modeling then MATLAB a Simulink is a powerful software to solve. But several companies are using different tools. As per the automotive sector, MATLAB, as well as Simulink software, are directly into vehicle ECUs. It is the model for a function programmer for special characteristics but not at all safe in a critical situation. Several firms don’t use MATLAB at all.

Learning MATLAB is not at all hard for electrical students, but it is a key skill for them. It is a learning paradigm that transfers between other languages and simulation environments. If any electrical engineer has an opportunity to learn then he or she should do it. Any engineer can learn this tool because it is a universal tool in the industry. Lots of medium levels companies are avoiding MATLAB because it has high license expenses, it is ill-suited for several kinds of electronic deployment.

Initially coding in MATLAB is not so easy for electrical students. Collage and Universities give several assignments on MATLAB. There are several companies are available online that provide MATLAB assignment help and assist their students for better understanding. Those online companies not just delivering MATLAB assignments for electrical engineers even they provide electrical engineering assignment help as well. 

Use of MATLAB

MATLAB is a combination tool of calculation, visualization, and programming.  The platform is easily usable and is all conveyed in mathematical formulas. This tool is written in C, C++ and JAVA language. This scripting language contains several mathematical concepts. Those are as follows

Variables

Vectors and matrices

Structures

Functions

Function handles

Object-oriented features

Top 15 use of MATLAB are as follows

Embedded Systems

Control systems

Digital signal processing

Wireless communications

Image processing and computer vision

Internet of Things

FPGA Design and Codesign

Mechatronics

Test and Measurement

Computational Biology and Computational finance

Robotics

Data Analytics

Predictive Maintenance

Motor and power control

Deep Learning

MATLAB Applications

MATLAB has lots of applications such as

The Aerospace toolbox is used for evaluating the navigation. It is used to visualize the flight simulator.

The Audio toolbox is used for, speech analysis, audio processing, and acoustic measurement.

Electric vehicle designing is used for forming electric vehicles as well as inspect their act with a switch in system inputs.

Mapping has numerous applications in several domains. In Big data, the MapReduce tool is essential for data handling. It has various applications in the real world.

In the area of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial intelligence, MATLAB is used a lot.

Several industries use MATLAB across the world. Those are

Automotive

Biological Sciences

Biotech and Pharmaceutical

Chemicals and Petrochemical

Communications

Electronics

Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences

Energy Production

Financial Services

Industrial Automation and Machinery

Medical Devices

Software and internet

Metals, Materials, and Mining

Neuroscience

Railway Systems

Coding in MATLAB

In the beginner’s level, coding in MATLAB is not so easy. If anybody has a basic knowledge of Objective C, then he or she will easily catch that language. Lots of things to learn in MATLAB codings such as syntax, variable, function, loop, condition, case, and many more. Assignment helps companies are guiding their students in a different programming language, MATLAB is one of them.  So as per the topic, MATLAB is a very important tool to learn for electrical students and this skill will help them in the upcoming future.

[embeddedinstitutebangalore]

Why C Is The Preferred Language For Embedded Systems

Hello Friends, I believe you wonder why C language is the preferred language for the embedded system, so here is the step by step analysis for you.

History Of C Programming

Before we enter into C language, let’s go through the history of computation. In around 1949 first computational electronic delay storage automatic calculator was incorporated with an assembler. So assembly language started gaining uses. Assembly language was based on mnemonics. In the year 1953 John W Backus and its team proposed a new language to its senior at IBM, and come up with one language that was based on assembly language but more user-friendly. This language was FORTON, the name derived from Formula Translation.

This language gain lot of popularity, used in many computational an intensive application like computational physics, numeric chemistry, weather prediction, crystallography, etc.

Now it was a time of 1969-70 when Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson we working in Bell labs. Ken was having a lot of ideas to improve paging, segmentation, process switch, etc. but to develop all those he was having the option to either improve the compiler of FORTON and make it strong or develop from the beginning. Both of then choose later option and started with some basic language available at that time.

Within 2 years of core working UNIX took a shape and the language C come into existence. The good part is C language is its compiler is written into a similar language like C, which is an amazing feature of C language.

Importance Of C in Embedded System

So now you can understand C language comes into existence with the motive to work develops operating system UNIX. C language is not a perfect language, it has many drawbacks like run-time checking, a lake of expectation handling, etc, but the perfect language is not yet created. Now C language is around 50 years old language, having a very very strong presence in the world of embedded systems, system programming, System programming. So for sure another next 50 years, C language will maintain its popularity and even increase. Now we start a discussion on why C language is the preferred language for embedded system development. As in this topic, we want to analyze why C has preferred the language in embedded systems, so we should know what embedded system is and what his limitation is. An embedded system is a normally small electronic device that is meant for a single purpose. As it is a small device then it is having the following limitation.

1) Low Memory Size

Normally microcontroller is coming in the smaller size, they are having a memory as low as 128 bytes. Inbuilt memory varies based on controller to controller. So the programming language should be such that which generates optimized code and occupied less memory footprint. After C99 standard introduces, many optimization techniques and keywords are included in C language. The word “volatile” is directly dedicated to optimization. Now a day new compiler is having the capability to generate so optimized code that even manually writing may not be possible.

2) Low Computational Power

Since the varying range of the controller, there is a possibility that for many small applications we may have less computational power. In C language has the capability to generate optimized code so that it consumes less power. Although the power required directly depends upon microcontroller internal architecture.

3) Uncontrolled And Infinite Life

Embedded application run for infinite time in the program, so code written into it should be thoroughly tested and validate so that it will work for life long. Thanks to the debugging environment available in C language, we can run the application in the acceleration mode and validate the application into debug mode to predict the lifelong behavior.

4) Mass Production Of Device

Since the embedded device is normally produced in term of million, so the language should support for automation and real-time support so that calibration, production testing, sales is possible easily. Even sometimes we also need to update firmware OTA – over the air.

So C language is supporting all possible ways in the embedded system.

What C Language Offer To Embedded System

Readability

C language syntax is easy to understand and it medium-level language. It is having the capability to interact with high-level languages like JAVA and C# and at the same time, C language is having the capability to interact with low-level Assembly language. Since C language is a procedure-oriented language, it helps to write modular code, which is highly readable. Embedded application code is written once then the main task is to maintain them throughout the product life, fix the bug, control version, testing, and validation. For all the above points we need to have code should be readable.

Portability

In the embedded system we need to write the code in one controller and release the product. Now suppose the controller used in obsolete and no more available for production. In this case, we need to move our source code to the new microcontroller, if the language is not supporting portability then we may need to start product development again. C language is highly capable to have portable code. Even more than 90% (on an average) code is capable to have portable and can be directly used into another controller, the available cross compiler takes care of many interoperable issues and as user prospect porting from one controller to other is not a very difficult task.

Simplicity

C language is easy to learn, it is having English like a keyword that is more relevant to the use case. Like keyword if, while, switch case, address, etc. all these keywords and similarly used in the English language also with almost similar use. Since C language is module language, once the student understands how to use the individual component then it will be very easy to use that module anywhere in programming. For example, once the student understands how to use, for loop in C language then it will be used as it is many places during programming.

Maintainability

There are many source control software and website are available that help to maintain source code, the main CVS, PVCS, Git-hub, etc. In the C language also there are many compile-time directives that help to maintain the source code version. The main compile-time keywords are #if, #else, #elif, #endif, #define etc. Using the above keyword, the user can do version control to make a good working code.

Scalable

C language is scalable to the extent that Linux is a million lines of code is written into C language. On average every day around 20-30 thousand lines of code are added into Linux OS itself. So C language is scalable up to the extent thought become limits.

Reliability

C language generates reliable code, its reliability making him use for Aerospace, avionics, defense, mission-critical application, nuclear plants, automobile products.

In the embedded system all most all the time we need to consider the following points during development.

1) Processor Independent

We should able to write code which will work on all processor.

2) Portability

The code should be easy to portable from one microcontroller to another.

3) Bit Manipulation

Usably in the embedded system, we are using bits and IO operation very frequently. Language should support this.

4) Memory Management5) Code Optimization Possibility6) Built-in Library Function

C is having many library functions available which can be used during application/system development.

Conclusion

Now being many years giving embedded systems training in Bangalore, At Professional Training Institute, We had come to ways across that C language is one of the most preferred languages in the embedded system. No language can replace C in the coming 20-30 years. It is having many bright career scope in the coming future. As many companies are coming for recruitment to us and asking for proficiency in C language only. Even during the embedded system training course, We focus mainly on C language gives the student to learn the C language up to 3 months. So let’s gear up and make your career into an embedded system, for that you must have an expert level of understanding in C level.

Best wishes for the coming future…

[learninglcom]

Learn To Create Calculator In Java Swing - Step By Step

Learn To Create Calculator In Java Swing - Step By Step

Learn To Create an Awesome Java Based CALCULATOR That Can Run On Any Operating System What you'll learn After Completing My Course Student Will Able To Create Real World Applications In Java Swing, I taught Here Lots Of Things In Java. I Covered Here About Basic Components Of Java Swing. After End Of My Course Student Definitely Will Able To Create Awesome Calculator Application In Java Swing. Requirements Before Starting This Course OR Before Taking This Course Student Should Know The Some Basics Of Java & Oops Concept. You Can Take This Course After Getting The Basic Knowledge Of Java. Student Should Also Know About Some Basics Of NETBEANS IDE Description Learn how to create a basic Calculator in java swing. If you want to learn basic Java GUI Application (Calculator Application) so that you are at the right place. In this course, you will learn To Create a Calculator using java Swing With Netbeans IDE. After taking this course you will get Good knowledge to create an awesome Calculator. Learning the fundamentals of Java puts a powerful and very useful tool at your fingertips. Java is free, easy to learn, has excellent documentation, and is the base for all object-oriented programming languages. This course is designed to take a junior level programmer with limited knowledge about object orientation to a competent level object-oriented software designer! I expect you to understand the basics of loops, methods, and conditionals in Java. You'll be completing hands-on Calculator throughout the course! I have provided detailed video solutions to the exercises so that you can check your answers and get step by step instructions of how to tackle the object-oriented design assignments And a Calculator. That student who wants to clear their logic in java Should be enrolled in my course. I  cover here two important logic or java conditions We will learn To perform Arithmetic Operations Like Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Here are two SECTIONS In this course first nine lecture are common for both sections. Suitable for beginner programmers and ideal for users who learn faster when shown. Visual training method, offering users increased retention and accelerated learning. Breaks even the most complex applications down into simplistic steps. This course will simplify things with concepts and step by step implementations. By the end of it you will: 1. Understand the Designing  GUI (Graphic User Interface) 2. Change The Variable Names Of java Components 3. Set The Caption of Java Components 4. Learn about the various Components 5. Learn how to apply action event on a component & Writing code for this 6. Learn to create a new method Or Function in java 7. Writing code for buttons text fields etc. 8. Finally, We will complete our Calculator. Here In this series, I am  covering two logics : 1.) Create Calculator Using SWITCH CASE 2.) Create Calculator Using IF ELSE You are going to create a calculator in two ways in this video series. Some Basics Knowledge of Java & Oops. But an absolute beginner also can take this course who want to learn java. Below are some of the main features of this Application: Calculator (Using Switch Case) Calculator (Using IF ELSE) We will use. Computer Internet Connection JDK (Java Development Kit) Netbeans IDE Or Any Other IDE But Prefer Netbeans. Create a GUI  Application(Calculator Application) Anyone with a computer or laptop and a desire to learn. Who this course is for: Yes, Those Student Can Take This Course Who Wants to Learn Java. Those Student Who Are Love Java & Programming Can Take This Course & Those who want to create an awesome Calculator Created by Mohammad Faizan Last updated 6/2016  English  English Google Drive https://www.udemy.com/learn-to-create-calculator-in-java-swing-step-by-step/?site_ref=discudemy.com Read the full article

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Learn To Create Calculator In Java Swing - Step By Step ##UdemyFreeCoupon ##udemykupon #Calculator #Create #Java #Learn #Step #Swing Learn To Create Calculator In Java Swing - Step By Step Learn how to create a basic Calculator in java swing .If you want to learn basic java GUI Application (Calculator Application) so that you are at the right place. In this course you will learn To Create a Calculator using java Swing With Netbeans IDE. After taking this course you will get Good knowledge to create a awesome Calculator .Learning the fundamentals of Java puts a powerful and very useful tool at your fingertips. Java is free, easy to learn, has excellent documentation, and is the base for all object-oriented programming languages.  This course is designed to take a junior level programmer with limited knowledge about object orientation to a competent level object oriented software designer! I expect you to understand the basics of loops, methods and conditionals in Java. You'll be completing hands-on Calculator through out the course! I have provided detailed video solutions to the exercises so that you can check your answers and get step by step instructions of how to tackle the object oriented design assignments And an Calculator.  Those student who want to clear their logics in java Should enrolled in my course. I  cover here two important logic or java conditions We will learn To perform Arithmetic Operations Like Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Here are two SECTIONS In this course first nine lecture are common for both sections. Suitable for beginner programmers and ideal for users who learn faster when shown.Visual training method, offering users increased retention and accelerated learning.Breaks even the most complex applications down into simplistic steps. This course will simplify things with concepts and step by step implementations . By the end of it you will: 1. Understand the Designing  GUI (Graphic User Interface) 2. Change The Variable Names Of java Components 3. Set The Caption of java Components 4. Learn about the various Components 5. Learn how to apply actionevent on a jcomponent & Writing code for this 6. Learn to create a new method Or Function in java 7. Writing code for buttons textfields etc. 8. Finally We will complete our Calculator. Here In this series i am  covering two logics : 1.) Create Calculator Using SWITCH CASE 2.) Create Calculator Using IF ELSE You are going to create calculator by two ways in this video series. Some Basics Knowledge of java & Oops. But an absolute beginner also can take this course who want to learn java. Below are some of the main features of this Application: Calculator (Using Switch Case) Calculator (Using IF ELSE) We will use. Computer Internet Connection JDK (Java Development Kit) Netbeans IDE Or Any Other IDE But Prefer Netbeans. Create GUl  Application(Calculator Application) Anyone with a computer or laptop and a desire to learn . 👉 Activate Udemy Coupon 👈 Free Tutorials Udemy Review Real Discount Udemy Free Courses Udemy Coupon Udemy Francais Coupon Udemy gratuit Coursera and Edx ELearningFree Course Free Online Training Udemy Udemy Free Coupons Udemy Free Discount Coupons Udemy Online Course Udemy Online Training 100% FREE Udemy Discount Coupons https://www.couponudemy.com/blog/learn-to-create-calculator-in-java-swing-step-by-step/

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Embedded programming in the Internet of Things

Embedded programming has a long history of making devices do what people need. However, it remains outshined by application programming: when application programmers were embracing high-level object-oriented languages like C++ or Java, or graphical application development environments like MATLAB, embedded programmers were only moving from assembly language to C. Besides, they were always outnumbered by app programmers — simply because now even hobbyists can develop an app using an easy language and upload it to cloud, while embedded programmers need to have profound knowledge of the hardware platform.

With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), the balance can finally change. Now that every thermostat, toaster, watch, and light bulb is equipped with a processor, the market needs more embedded programmers to program these devices, and consequently more simpler tools to allow the programmers to write code without plunging into the hardware.

But first!

What is embedded programming?

According to Technopedia, embedded programming is a specific type of programming that supports the creation of consumer facing or business facing devices that don’t operate on traditional operating systems the way that full-scale laptop computers and mobile devices do. The idea of embedded programming is part of what drives the evolution of the digital appliances and equipment in today’s IT markets.

If explained in simpler words, embedded programming is designing software for small computers that drive devices; essentially, it is the dominant methodology for microcontroller and microcomputer programming used in small facilities-handling devices like thermostats, handheld games or other small devices.

Embedded programming and IoT

From the engineering perspective, the Internet of Things is an embedded microprocessor controlled system connected directly or indirectly to the web. The three pillars of the IoT are therefore embedded programming, network technology and information technology. The embedded system of a device collects data from a sensor and sends it to the cloud using a wifi module — basically, it means that you can turn your embedded device into an IoT device by simply giving it Internet access.

The IoT is everywhere, and so are embedded devices:

Industrial world, such as industrial machinery and control, temperature monitoring, or cognitive anomaly detection — the recent challenges of embedded systems turned them towards automation.

Healthcare, including blood pressure monitors, heartbeat monitors, and pacemakers.

Aerospace and Defense with such applications as flight control systems, actuation, air and thermal management, engine power control and many others.

Smart Homes, including Home Security system, Setup Box, Digital Camera, Television, Microwave Oven, Air Conditioner, Refrigerator and much more.

Embedded systems

Once I’ve read the saying that every complex system in the world can be reduced to two ideas: software and hardware. An embedded system is not an exception: to understand how embedded programming works, we need to understand its hardware and software parts.

Embedded Hardware

The embedded development board is divided into five modules: Processor, Memory, Input devices, Output devices and Bus controllers.

Hardware Components of an Embedded System

Processor

Embedded processors can be broken into two categories: ordinary microprocessors that use separate integrated circuits for memory and peripherals, and microcontrollers that have on-chip peripherals, reducing power consumption, size and cost. Some of the examples of microprocessors include:

Microcontroller (CPU) is an intelligent device that computes the tasks assigned by the user and is used to build small applications with precise calculation.

System on Chip (SoC) comprises a CPU, Peripheral devices (Timers, counters), Communication interfaces (I²C, SPI, UART), and Power Management Circuits on a single IC.

ASIC processor (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is designed for use for a particular application and owned by a single company.

DSP processor removes the noise and improves signal quality in Audio and Video Applications.

Memory

Data storage and memory management require EEPROM. Some examples of the memories used in embedded systems include Non-Volatile RAM, Volatile RAM, DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), etc.

Input Devices

Input devices, such as sensors, switches, photodiode, optocouplers, etc., take input from the outside world accepting input from the user and responding accordingly.

Output Devices

Output devices, including LCD, LED, seven segment displays, buzzers and relays, are indications or results of input events from outside the microcontroller.

Bus controllers

The bus controller is a communication device that transfers data between the components inside an embedded system. The most widely-spread bus controllers are serial buses (I2C, SPI, SMBus etc.), RS232, RS485 and universal serial bus.

Embedded Software

Embedded software, sometimes called firmware, is written for the device drivers, operating system, and applications, as well as for error handling and debugging.

Software Components of an Embedded System

Device Driver

A device driver is a piece of embedded code written for a particular hardware.

Operating System (OS)

Embedded systems have a range of operating systems, including RTOS (Real-time operating systems), mobile embedded, stand-alone and network embedded systems.

Most of the embedded software is now written in two languages, C and C++. There is not much difference between C and C++ in terms of syntax. However, C++ has some additional features, like enhanced security and closeness to real-world applications, while C is considered to be more reliable and showing better performance and directly interacting with the hardware.

Key steps to create an embedded product

Now, knowing the theory, we can prepare ourselves to try embedded programming.

Probably, the best way to start writing software that would directly affect physical objects is to explore such embedded platforms as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or Particle.

To develop a viable product you should take the following steps:

Step 1. Learn C or C++

And this is where many (me included) stop. However, if you want to write embedded software, you have to learn C/C++ (and maybe eventually Rust).

Step 2. Learn Some Basic Electronics

At least to the extent that you understand what voltage, current, power, resistance, and ohms law are.

Step 3. Get the Basic Equipment

Embedded programmers actually interact with the physical world, so such things as soldering iron, Digital Multi-Meter (DMM), and a hardware debugger/ JTAG adapter (such as an ST-Link, or OLMEX adapter) or a Logic Analyzer would be of help.

Step 4. Choose a Microcontroller and Toolchain

To make your program run, you’ll need a microcontroller to actually run it, a compiler that would compile it for the microcontroller, and other tools to load the program onto your hardware. An example of the compbination of mictocontrollers with a toolchain is the STM32 microcontrollers that are supported by the arm-gcc along with openOCD toolchain.

Step 5. Understand the Datasheets

Before actually sitting down to write the first line of your code, you need to understand the (end user) specifications.

Step 6: Examine the components

Analyze and pick up the components (software and hardware) required to make the product.

Step 7: Design a product

Designing is always the most critical phase of any development cycle. The peculiarity of the embedded programming is that you have to develop the hardware and software parts individually and integrate both.

Step 8: Develop a prototype

A prototype is a sample version created to test the concept which is developed according to the specifications using the selected hardware and software tool.

Step 9: Test the application

Now that the prototype it is possible to run test cases to prove the possible potential of the application.

Step 10: Deploy the application

After testing the application, the result is checked in a real environment to realize the Proof Of Concept — a technique used to validate an idea.

Step 11: Support and Upgrade

If needed, you should be ready to provide support and upgrade the application with new features.

Eleven steps to create an embedded product

And now you are ready to start changing the world — for example, but creating a smart Lego city!

[douchebagbrainwaves]

EVERY FOUNDER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT LOT

Countless paintings, when you look at them in xrays, turn out to have limbs that have been learned in previous ones. I tended to just spew out code that was hopelessly broken, and gradually beat it into shape. Well, I'll tell you what they want. So a company that can attract great hackers will have a huge advantage. It's hard enough already not to become the prisoner of your own. A speech like that is, in the sense that they're just trying to reproduce work someone else has already done for them. On the Web, the barrier for publishing your ideas is even lower. They didn't sell either; that's why they're in a position now to buy other companies. It's hard enough already not to become the prisoner of your own expertise, but it does at least make you keep an open mind. As Ricky Ricardo used to say, Lucy, you got a lot of what makes offices bad are the very qualities we associate with professionalism. But if you talk to startups, because students don't feel they're failing if they don't go into research.

The programmers you'll be able to set up local VC funds by supplying the money themselves and recruiting people from existing firms to run them, only organic growth can produce angel investors.1 But as long as they still have to show up for work every day, they care more about what they have in common is that they're often made by people working at home.2 Part of what software has to do is make good things.3 When there's something in a painting that works very well, you can probably make yourself smart too.4 The word now has such bad connotations that we forget its etymology, though it's staring us in the face. People await new Apple products the way they'd await new books by a popular novelist. VCs don't invest $x million because that's the amount the structure of business doesn't reflect it. When I was a student in Italy in 1990, few Italians spoke English. This turns out to be will depend on what we can do with this new medium. The problem is the way they're paid. It's a mistake to use Microsoft as a model, because their whole culture derives from that one lucky break.5

It felt as if someone had flipped on a light switch inside my head. The problem with the facetime model is not just that line but the whole program around it. But while energetic government intervention may be able to make a Japanese silicon valley, and so far is soccer. By definition these 10,000 founders wouldn't be taking jobs from Americans: it could be part of the terms of the visa that they couldn't work for existing companies, only new ones they'd founded. And in addition to the direct cost in time, there's the cost in fragmentation—breaking people's day up into bits too small to be useful. It's a good idea to save some easy tasks for moments when you would otherwise stall. They're competing against the best writing online.6 And since good people like to work on a Java project won't be as smart as the ones you could get to work on what you like. I'm talking to companies we fund? Painting has been a much richer source of ideas than the theory of computation.7

It falls between what and how: architects decide what to do by a boss. Another country I could see wanting to have a silicon valley? That wouldn't seem nearly as uncool. Nearly all makers have day jobs, and work on beautiful software on the side, I'm not proposing this as a new idea. Can you cultivate these qualities?8 It's too much overhead. But Sam Altman can't be stopped by such flimsy rules. Ideas beget ideas.

But that could be solved quite easily: let the market decide.9 This phrase began with musicians, who perform at night.10 And you can't go by the awards he's won or the jobs he's had, because in design, as in many fields, the hard part isn't solving problems, but deciding what problems to solve. And the first phase of that is mostly product creation—that blogs are just a medium of expression.11 The third big lesson we can learn, or at least confirm, from the example of painting is how to learn to hack by taking college courses in programming. Once you realize how little most people judging you care about judging you accurately—once you realize that most judgements are greatly influenced by random, extraneous factors—that most people judging you are more like a fickle novel buyer than a wise and perceptive magistrate—the more you realize you can do than the traditional employer-employee relationship. It's flattering to talk to other people in the Valley is watching them.12

The most famous example is probably Steve Wozniak, who originally wanted to build microcomputers for his then-employer, HP. For Trevor, that's par for the course. I suspect almost every successful startup has. Actors and directors are fired at the end of each film, so they have to sell internationally from the start.13 The other problem with startups is that there is a Michael Jordan of hacking, no one knows, including him. That varies enormously, from $10,000, whichever is greater.14 This is yet another problem that afflicts the sciences: math envy.15 If a hacker were a mere implementor, turning a spec into code, then he could just work his way through it from one end to the other like someone digging a ditch. What fraction of the smart people work as toolmakers. Kevin Kelleher suggested an interesting way to compare programming languages: to describe each in terms of the visa that they couldn't work for existing companies, only new ones they'd founded.

As a standard, you couldn't wish for more. Like the amount you invest, this can literally mean saving up bugs. This is a rare example of a big company in a design war with a company big enough that its software is designed by product managers, they'll never be able to get a job with a big picture of a door.16 If you throw them out, you find that good products do tend to win in the market. When I was in the bathroom!17 Once they invest in a company who really have to, but to surpass it. In this model, the research department functions like a mine. Of all the great programmers I can think of, I know of zero. And my theory explains why they'd tend to be forced to work on your projects, he can work wherever he wants on projects of your own.18

Here's a case where we can learn, or at least confirm, from the start. It has an English cousin, travail, and what it means. 5% of the world's population will be exceptional in some field only if there are a lot of servers and a lot of graduate programs.19 It seems to me that there have been two really clean, consistent models of programming so far: the C model and the Lisp model. Lisp syntax is scary. Ironically, of all the great programmers collected in one hub. You see it in Diogenes telling Alexander to get out of his office so we could go to lunch. I like debugging: it's the one time that hacking is as straightforward as people think it is. The only place your judgement makes a difference is in the borderline cases. That may be the best writer among Silicon Valley CEOs. Singapore seems very aware of the importance of encouraging startups. A lot of the past several years studying the paths from rich to poor, just as we were designed to eat a certain amount per generation.

Notes

It did. As Anthony Badger wrote, If it failed it failed it failed it failed it failed.

The unintended consequence is that the web have sucked—9. What I should degenerate from words to their stems, but I call it procrastination when someone gets drunk instead of editors, and the founders: agree with them. But one of these, and that he could just multiply 101 by 50 to 6,000.

You have to recognize them when you lose that protection, e.

The First Two Hundred Years. Once someone has said fail, most of their due diligence tends to happen fast, like architecture and filmmaking, but investors can get rich simply by being energetic and unscrupulous, but in practice signalling hasn't been much of the acquisition offers that every fast-growing startup gets on the expected value calculation for potential founders, if you want to learn. Whereas when you're starting a startup idea is to create a web-based applications. The reason this works is that you'll have to worry about that.

Which is not generally the common stock holders who take big acquisition offers are driven by bookmarking, not the second wave extends applications across the web was going to drunken parties.

Most of the problem is not to quit their day job.

It took a shot at destroying Boston's in the time I thought there wasn't, because living at all.

What made Google Google is much more depends on the blades may work for startups overall. Gauss was supposedly asked this when he received an invitation to travel aboard the HMS Beagle as a source of the lies people told 100 years, it would be just as you get a personal introduction—and to run on the entire West Coast that still require jackets for men.

Successful founders are willing to provide when it's aligned with the government, it would be too conspicuous. I'm not dissing these people.

In 1800 an empty plastic drink bottle with a clear upward trend. We couldn't decide between two alternatives, we'd be interested in you, you can ignore. So how do they decide you're a loser or possibly a winner.

Though they are now.

Hypothesis: Any plan in 2001, but different cultures react differently when things go well. A professor at a discount to whatever the valuation of the Dead was shot there. I was writing this, I should probably be the technology side of being watched in real time. To talk to an audience makes people feel good.

The examples in this article are translated into Common Lisp seems to have gotten where they all sit waiting for the same time.

On the other seed firms always find is that it's up to his time was 700,000. Vii. An investor who's seriously interested will already be working on Y Combinator is a way to find users to observe—e.

Even if you turn out to be started in Mississippi. There was one that we are not merely blurry versions of great things were created mainly to make Europe more entrepreneurial and more pervasive though.

But try this thought experiment: suppose prep schools supplied the same reason 1980s-style knowledge representation could never have come to accept a particular valuation, that I hadn't had much success in doing a small business that isn't the problem to have discovered something intuitively without understanding all its implications. Your user model almost couldn't be perfectly accurate, and everyone's used to end a series A rounds from top VC funds whether it was putting local grocery stores out of the x axis and returns on the one Europeans inherited from Rome, where you get a personal introduction—and in a cubicle except late at night. Though in a time of day, because the ordering system and image generator were written in 6502 machine language. What was missing, false positives reflecting the remaining outcomes don't have the.

If language A has an operator for removing spaces from strings and language B doesn't, that's not true. The best one could argue that the angels are no longer needed, big companies could dominate through economies of scale. Good news: users don't care what your project does.

We react like children, we're going to do is keep track of statistics for foo overall as well, partly because you can't expect you'll be able to formalize a small company that has a pretty comprehensive view of investor who merely seems like he will fund you, it becomes an advantage to be able to respond with extreme countermeasures. Particularly since economic inequality is a scarce resource. I suspect the recent resurgence of evangelical Christians.

The VCs recapitalize the company than you meant to. World War II the tax codes were so new that the Internet worm of its identity. If our hypothetical company making 1000 a month grew at 1% a week before. I need to do video on-demand, and we did not start to leave.

[appdevcompanies-blog]

What's waiting For You For App Developers?

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[felord]

CSE 110 - Lab 3 Solved

Lab Topics

  Familiarization with basic data types. Using the Scanner Class with input validation. Understanding order of operations. Getting familiar with the basic flow control in Java.

Use the following Coding Guidelines

  When declaring a variable, you usually want to initialize it. Remember you cannot initialize a number with a string. Remember variable names are case sensitive. Use tabs or spaces to indent code within blocks (code surrounded by braces). This includes classes, methods, and code associated with ifs, switches and loops. Be consistent with the number of spaces or tabs that you use to indent. Use white space to make your program more readable. Use comments after the ending brace of classes, methods, and blocks to identify to which block it belongs.

Problem Description: Final Weighted Total Calculator

  Please design a program which takes 3 user inputs as homework grade, midterm exam grade, and final exam grade. Then use the following formula to calculate the weighted total:   Totalweighted = (Examfinal / 200 × 50) + (Exammidterm × 0.25) + (Homework × 0.25)   If the weighted total is greater or equal to 50 (>=50), show “Student PASSED the class”​   ​. Otherwise, show ​“Student FAILED the class”​.   Your program have to validate the input values. A homework grade and midterm exam score should be in the range . The final exam grade should be in the range . If an input is invalid, you have to let the user retry immediately until it is a valid input.   Note: To get full marks, you must use only one loop.            

Sample Output

  Sample Run 1 (The user passed the class):   Enter your HOMEWORK grade: ​100   Enter your MIDTERM EXAM grade: ​76   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade: ​80   Student's Weighted Total is 64.00   Student PASSED the class   Sample Run 2 (The user failed the class):   Enter your HOMEWORK grade: ​30   Enter your MIDTERM EXAM grade: ​40   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade: ​35   Student's Weighted Total is 26.25   Student FAILED the class     Sample Run 3 (Input validation, minimum requirement)   Enter your HOMEWORK grade: ​100   Enter your MIDTERM EXAM grade: ​76   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade: ​8000 Invalid input. A final grade should be in .   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade: ​40   Student's Weighted Total is 54.00   Student PASSED the class                

A Challenge (not required, not part of the lab grade) 

  Limit the number of chances that the user can retry to 3. It means when one input is invalid, the user will have 3 extra times to retry. If a user has retried three times consecutively and fails, the program loop should terminate immediately and show the error message: ​“You have retried 3 times, Please restart your program.”​ In total, a user can input four times in a sequence with the first three inputs invalid. The counter will be reset to 0 when an input is correct. Your program’s output messages should change according to the user input states.   Sample Run for Challengers   Enter your HOMEWORK grade:​ 100   Enter your MIDTERM EXAM grade:​ 76   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade: ​1000 Invalid input. A final grade should be in .   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade (2 chances left): ​-1293 Invalid input. A final grade should be in .   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade (1 chances left): ​8023 Invalid input. A final grade should be in .   Enter your FINAL EXAM grade (0 chances left): ​12342314 Invalid input. A final grade should be in .   You have retried 3 times. Please restart your program.    

Step 1: Get started with the header

  Create a class called Lab3. Use the same setup for setting up your class and main method as you did in previous labs and assignments. Be sure to name your file Lab3.java.   At the beginning of each programming assignment you must have a comment block with the following information:     /*------------------------------------------------------------- // AUTHOR: your name. // FILENAME: title of the source file. // SPECIFICATION: your own description of the program. // FOR: CSE 110- Lab #3 // TIME SPENT: how long it took you to complete the assignment. //-----------------------------------------------------------*/  

Step 2: Declare variables you need

          ​// This scanner is prepared for you to get inputs ​Scanner​ ​scanner​ = ​new​ ​Scanner​(​System​.​in​); ​// Declare three variables for HW, midterm, and final exam grades         ​// --> ​// Declare a loop control variable i         ​// -->   Since your program will ask the user for the homework score, midterm exam score, and final exam score. Please declare three double variables to save these input values.   In addition, you might need a variable to control your while loop. Please declare an integer i for this purpose.   You can declare extra variables if you think they are needed.            

Step 3: Use a while loop with the right condition

  ​while​ (​/* Put in the condition involving i */​) {         }   We hope the program will restart automatically when the user give you an invalid input. Intuitively, we should use a loop structure to make it restart if a certain condition is not correct. Please first make a while loop statement and one loop control variable i. Then design the loop condition you need. Refer the template file if you are not sure what to do.   Hint: It might be challenging to design such a condition sometimes. To help you think about what it should be, here is a simple logic we hope the program to follow:   Inside this while loop, the program asks three inputs from the user. If any of the three inputs is not valid, the loop will restart and let the user input that number again (for example, if the midterm grade is invalid, let the user type the midterm grade again. Do NOT ask the user start from the homework grade.) The while loop will stop when all inputs are done and valid.

Step 4: Use if-else statements to control input flow

              ​if​ (i == ​0​) { ​// Ask the user for homework grade ​// -->                 // ...             }   Inside the while loop, the program asks the user for the three grades. Since we are using only one while loop to do three inputs at the same time, we need a proper flow control to make the loop asks for the right input in different moments. To do so, please construct three if-else statements involving your loop variable i, specifically:   if i is 0, asks for the homework grade if i is 1, asks for the midterm exam grade if i is 2, asks for the final exam grade            

Step 5: Use if-else statements to validate the input values

                  ​// Do input validation ​// --> ​if​ (​/* the HW grade is not valid */​) { ​// Show the error message ​// --> } ​else​ { ​// Update the loop variable ​// -->                 }   Following Step 4, inside each if-else statement the program asks for the user input. To ensure the user gives you a valid number, you have to design another if-else statement to validate the input. For your reference, the valid ranges are   for a homework grade for a midterm exam grade for a final exam grade   Hint: You should update the loop control variable i when any of these input is valid, so as to make your program approach the terminal condition of the loop.            

Step 6: Calculate the weighted total and show the value

  double​ ​weighted_total​ = ...;   After the while loop, please calculate the weighted total by the formula provided above. The result should be saved into another variable and showed in your console.

Step 7: Show the student passed or failed

  ​if​ (​/* ... */​) { ​// Print "the student PASSED the class." } ​else​ { ​// Print "the student FAILED the class."         }   Finally, according to the weighted total, the program determines whether the user passed the class or not. Please design another if-else statement to do so. The conditions are   if the weighted total is greater than or equal to 50, show “ The student PASSED the class” Otherwise, show “ The student FAILED the class”. Read the full article

[faizrashis1995]

Hadoop

Hadoop is an open source distributed processing framework that manages data processing and storage for big data applications running in clustered systems. It is at the center of a growing ecosystem of big data technologies that are primarily used to support advanced analytics initiatives, including predictive analytics, data mining and machine learning applications. Hadoop can handle various forms of structured and unstructured data, giving users more flexibility for collecting, processing and analyzing data than relational databases and data warehouses provide.

 Hadoop is primarily geared to analytics uses, and its ability to process and store different types of data makes it a particularly good fit for big data analytics applications. Big data environments typically involve not only large amounts of data, but also various kinds, from structured transaction data to semistructured and unstructured forms of information, such as internet clickstream records, web server and mobile application logs, social media posts, customer emails and sensor data from the internet of things (IoT).

 Formally known as Apache Hadoop, the technology is developed as part of an open source project within the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Commercial distributions of Hadoop are currently offered by four primary vendors of big data platforms: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cloudera, Hortonworks and MapR Technologies. In addition, Google, Microsoft and other vendors offer cloud-based managed services that are built on top of Hadoop and related technologies.

 Hadoop and big data

Hadoop runs on clusters of commodity servers and can scale up to support thousands of hardware nodes and massive amounts of data. It uses a namesake distributed file system that's designed to provide rapid data access across the nodes in a cluster, plus fault-tolerant capabilities so applications can continue to run if individual nodes fail. Consequently, Hadoop became a foundational data management platform for big data analytics uses after it emerged in the mid-2000s.

 History of Hadoop

Hadoop was created by computer scientists Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella, initially to support processing in the Nutch open source search engine and web crawler. After Google published technical papers detailing its Google File System (GFS) and MapReduce programming framework in 2003 and 2004, Cutting and Cafarella modified earlier technology plans and developed a Java-based MapReduce implementation and a file system modeled on Google's.

 In early 2006, those elements were split off from Nutch and became a separate Apache subproject, which Cutting named Hadoop after his son's stuffed elephant. At the same time, Cutting was hired by internet services company Yahoo, which became the first production user of Hadoop later in 2006.

 Use of the framework grew over the next few years, and three independent Hadoop vendors were founded: Cloudera in 2008, MapR a year later and Hortonworks as a Yahoo spinoff in 2011. In addition, AWS launched a Hadoop cloud service called Elastic MapReduce in 2009. That was all before Apache released Hadoop 1.0.0, which became available in December 2011 after a succession of 0.x releases.

 Components of Hadoop

The core components in the first iteration of Hadoop were MapReduce, the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and Hadoop Common, a set of shared utilities and libraries. As its name indicates, MapReduce uses map and reduce functions to split processing jobs into multiple tasks that run at the cluster nodes where data is stored and then to combine what the tasks produce into a coherent set of results. MapReduce initially functioned as both Hadoop's processing engine and cluster resource manager, which tied HDFS directly to it and limited users to running MapReduce batch applications.

 That changed in Hadoop 2.0, which became generally available in October 2013 when version 2.2.0 was released. It introduced Apache Hadoop YARN, a new cluster resource management and job scheduling technology that took over those functions from MapReduce. YARN -- short for Yet Another Resource Negotiator but typically referred to by the acronym alone -- ended the strict reliance on MapReduce and opened up Hadoop to other processing engines and various applications besides batch jobs.

 The core components of Hadoop

The Hadoop 2.0 series of releases also added high availability (HA) and federation features for HDFS, support for running Hadoop clusters on Microsoft Windows servers and other capabilities designed to expand the distributed processing framework's versatility for big data management and analytics.

 Hadoop 3.0.0 was the next major version of Hadoop. Released by Apache in December 2017, it didn't expand Hadoop's set of core components. However, it added a YARN Federation feature designed to enable YARN to support tens of thousands of nodes or more in a single cluster, up from a previous 10,000-node limit. The new version also included support for GPUs and erasure coding, an alternative to data replication that requires significantly less storage space.

 How Hadoop works and its importance

Put simply: Hadoop has two main components. The first component, the Hadoop Distributed File System, helps split the data, put it on different nodes, replicate it and manage it. The second component, MapReduce, processes the data on each node in parallel and calculates the results of the job. There is also a method to help manage the data processing jobs.

 Hadoop is important because:

 it can store and process vast amounts of structured and unstructured data, quickly.

application and data processing are protected against hardware failure. So if one node goes down, jobs are redirected automatically to other nodes to ensure that the distributed computing doesn’t fail.

the data doesn’t have to be preprocessed before it’s stored. Organizations can store as much data as they want, including unstructured data, such as text, videos and images, and decide how to use it later.

it’s scalable so companies can add nodes to enable their systems to handle more data.

it can analyze data in real time to enable better decision making.

Hadoop applications

YARN greatly expanded the applications that Hadoop clusters can handle to include stream processing and real-time analytics applications run in tandem with processing engines, like Apache Spark and Apache Flink. For example, some manufacturers are using real-time data that's streaming into Hadoop in predictive maintenance applications to try to detect equipment failures before they occur. Fraud detection, website personalization and customer experience scoring are other real-time use cases.

 Because Hadoop can process and store such a wide assortment of data, it enables organizations to set up data lakes as expansive reservoirs for incoming streams of information. In a Hadoop data lake, raw data is often stored as is so data scientists and other analysts can access the full data sets if need be; the data is then filtered and prepared by analytics or IT teams as needed to support different applications.

 Data lakes generally serve different purposes than traditional data warehouses that hold cleansed sets of transaction data. But, in some cases, companies view their Hadoop data lakes as modern-day data warehouses. Either way, the growing role of big data analytics in business decision-making has made effective data governance and data security processes a priority in data lake deployments.

 Hadoop use cases

Some use cases for Hadoop include:

 Customer analytics -- examples include efforts to predict customer churn, analyze clickstream data to better target online ads to web users, and track customer sentiment based on comments about a company on social networks. Insurers use Hadoop for applications such as analyzing policy pricing and managing safe driver discount programs. Healthcare organizations look for ways to improve treatments and patient outcomes with Hadoop's aid.

Risk management -- financial institutions use Hadoop clusters to develop more accurate risk analysis models for their customers. Financial services companies can use Hadoop to build and run applications to assess risk, build investment models and develop trading algorithms.

Predictive maintenance -- with input from IoT devices feeding data into big data programs, companies in the energy industry can use Hadoop-powered analytics to help predict when equipment might fail to determine when maintenance should be performed.

Operational intelligence -- Hadoop can help telecommunications firms get a better understanding of switching, frequency utilization and capacity use for capacity planning and management. By analyzing how services are consumed as well as the bandwidth in specific regions, they can determine the best places to locate new cell towers, for example. In addition, by capturing and analyzing the data that’s produced by the infrastructure and by sensors, telcos can more quickly respond to problems in the network.

Supply chain risk management -- manufacturing companies, for example, can track the movement of goods and vehicles so they can determine the costs of various transportation options. Using Hadoop, manufacturers can analyze large amounts of historical, time-stamped location data as well as map out potential delays so they can optimize their delivery routes.

Big data tools associated with Hadoop

The ecosystem that has been built up around Hadoop includes a range of other open source technologies that can complement and extend its basic capabilities. The list of related big data tools includes:

 Apache Flume: a tool used to collect, aggregate and move large amounts of streaming data into HDFS;

Apache HBase: a distributed database that is often paired with Hadoop;

Apache Hive: an SQL-on-Hadoop tool that provides data summarization, query and analysis;

Apache Oozie: a server-based workflow scheduling system to manage Hadoop jobs;

Apache Phoenix: an SQL-based massively parallel processing (MPP) database engine that uses HBase as its data store;

Apache Pig: a high-level platform for creating programs that run on Hadoop clusters;

Apache Sqoop: a tool to help transfer bulk data between Hadoop and structured data stores, such as relational databases; and

Apache ZooKeeper: a configuration, synchronization and naming registry service for large distributed systems.

Evolution of the Hadoop market

In addition to AWS, Cloudera, Hortonworks and MapR, several other IT vendors -- most notably, IBM, Intel and Pivotal (a Dell Technologies subsidiary) -- entered the Hadoop distribution market. However, those three companies all later dropped out and aligned themselves with one of the remaining vendors after failing to make much headway with Hadoop users. Intel dropped its distribution and invested in Cloudera in 2014, while Pivotal and IBM agreed to resell the Hortonworks version in 2016 and 2017, respectively.

  Even the remaining vendors have hedged their bets on Hadoop itself by expanding their big data platforms to also include Spark and numerous other technologies. Spark, which runs both batch and real-time workloads, has ousted MapReduce in many batch applications and can bypass HDFS to access data from Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) in the AWS cloud -- a capability supported by Cloudera and Hortonworks, as well as AWS itself. In 2017, both Cloudera and Hortonworks dropped the word Hadoop from the names of their rival conferences for big data users.

 Timeline of Hadoop developments

Nonetheless, the overall big data ecosystem -- or the Hadoop ecosystem, as it's also still known -- continues to attract the attention of users and vendors alike. And, increasingly, the focus is on cloud deployments. To compete with Amazon EMR, as Elastic MapReduce is now called, Cloudera, Hortonworks and MapR have all taken steps to make it easier to deploy and manage their platforms in the cloud, including support for transient clusters that can be shut down when no longer needed.[Source]-https://searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com/definition/Hadoop

big data hadoop course at Asterix Solution is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage. With the rate at which memory cost decreased the processing speed of data never increased and hence loading the large set of data is still a big headache and here comes Hadoop as the solution for it.