#rosalyn yalow

[philosophors]

“The excitement of learning separates youth from old age. As long as you're learning you're not old.”

— Rosalyn Sussman Yalow

[proverbiumseniorum]

"The excitement of learning separates youth from old age. As long as you are learning you're not old."---Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, U.S. Nobel laureate medical physicist, 1921-2011

“The excitement of learning separates youth from old age. As long as you are learning you’re not old.”—Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, U.S. Nobel laureate medical physicist, 1921-2011

[science-sculpt]

ELISA: A Powerful Tool for Detecting the Invisible

ELISA, or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, has become a cornerstone of medical diagnostics and biological research. This versatile technique allows scientists to detect and quantify minute amounts of target molecules, such as proteins, antibodies, and even viruses, with remarkable accuracy. In this blog, we'll delve into the world of ELISA, exploring its various types, its applications, and the exciting future directions this technology holds.

At its core, ELISA relies on the exquisite specificity of antibodies. Antibodies are highly specialized proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign invaders. Each antibody can bind to a unique structure, called an antigen, on a specific molecule. In an ELISA, scientists leverage this binding property to create a sensitive detection system.

The 1960s witnessed a surge in interest in immunoassays, techniques that utilize the specificity of antibodies to detect target molecules. One such technique, radioimmunoassay (RIA), developed by Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson, revolutionized medical diagnostics. RIA used radioactively labeled antibodies to detect antigens, offering high sensitivity. However, concerns regarding the safety of radioactive materials fueled the search for a safer alternative. The year 1971 marked a turning point. Independently, Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann published their work on a novel technique – the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA replaced radioactive labels with enzymes, eliminating the safety concerns associated with RIA. Like RIA, ELISA harnessed the specific binding between antibodies and antigens. However, it employed enzymes that could generate a detectable signal, such as a color change, upon interacting with a substrate. This innovation paved the way for a safer and more user-friendly diagnostic tool.

The basic ELISA protocol involves immobilizing the target antigen on a solid surface like a plate well. Then, a sample containing the molecule of interest (e.g., a suspected virus) is introduced. If the target molecule is present, it will bind to the immobilized antigen. Next, an antibody specific to the target molecule, linked to an enzyme, is introduced. This "detection antibody" binds to the target molecule already attached to the antigen. Finally, a substrate specific to the enzyme is added. This antigen-antibody binding is visualized using an enzyme linked to a reporter molecule. When the enzyme encounters its substrate, a detectable signal is produced, such as a color change or luminescence. The intensity of this signal is directly proportional to the amount of antigen present in the sample, allowing for quantification. The beauty of ELISA lies in its adaptability. Several variations exist, each tailored for specific detection needs.

The Four Main ELISA Formats are:

Direct ELISA: Simplicity at its finest. In this format, the antigen is directly coated onto the ELISA plate. A labeled antibody specific to the antigen is then introduced, binding directly to its target. After washing away unbound molecules, the enzyme linked to the antibody generates a signal upon addition of the substrate. Direct ELISA offers a rapid and straightforward approach, but sensitivity can be lower compared to other formats due to the lack of amplification.

Indirect ELISA: Unveiling the Power of Amplification. Similar to the direct ELISA, the antigen is first coated onto the plate. However, instead of a labeled primary antibody, an unlabeled one specific to the antigen is used. This is followed by the introduction of a labeled secondary antibody that recognizes the species (e.g., mouse, rabbit) of the primary antibody. This two-step approach acts as an amplification strategy, significantly enhancing the signal compared to the direct ELISA. However, the presence of an extra incubation step and the potential for cross-reactivity with the secondary antibody add complexity.

Sandwich ELISA: Capturing the Antigen Between Two Antibodies. Here, the capture antibody, specific for one region of the antigen, is pre-coated onto the ELISA plate. The sample containing the antigen is then introduced, allowing it to be "sandwiched" between the capture antibody and a detection antibody specific for a different region of the same antigen. A labeled secondary antibody or a labeled detection antibody itself can then be used to generate the signal. Sandwich ELISA boasts high sensitivity due to the double-antibody recognition and is often the preferred format for quantifying analytes.

Competitive ELISA: A Race for Binding Sites. In this format, the antigen competes with a labeled antigen (usually a known amount) for binding sites on a capture antibody pre-coated onto the plate. The more antigen present in the sample, the less labeled antigen can bind to the capture antibody. Following a washing step, the amount of bound labeled antigen is measured, providing an inverse relationship between the signal and the concentration of antigen in the sample. Competitive ELISA is particularly useful for studying small molecules that may be difficult to directly conjugate to an enzyme.

ELISA's Reach: From Diagnostics to Research. The applications of ELISA are as vast as they are impressive. Let's delve into some key areas where ELISA plays a vital role:

Unveiling the Mysteries of Disease: Diagnostics: ELISA is a cornerstone of diagnosing infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis, and Lyme disease. It detects antibodies produced by the body in response to the invading pathogen, providing valuable information for early detection and treatment. Monitoring Autoimmune Diseases: ELISA helps monitor autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus by measuring specific antibodies associated with these conditions. Cancer Screening: Certain cancers can be detected by identifying tumor markers, proteins elevated in the blood of cancer patients. ELISA assays are being developed to detect these markers for early cancer screening.

Safeguarding Food Quality: Allergen Detection: Food allergies can be life-threatening. ELISA ensures food safety by enabling the detection of allergens like peanuts, gluten, and milk in food products, protecting consumers with allergies. Monitoring Foodborne Pathogens: ELISA can identify harmful bacteria, viruses, and toxins in food, preventing outbreaks of foodborne illnesses.

Environmental Monitoring: Pollutant Detection: ELISA can detect pollutants like pesticides and herbicides in water and soil samples, contributing to environmental protection efforts. Microbial Analysis: This technique can be used to identify and quantify specific microbes in environmental samples, providing insights into ecosystem health.

Research and Development: ELISA plays a crucial role in various research fields: Drug Discovery: It helps researchers assess the effectiveness of new drugs by measuring drug-target interactions and monitoring drug levels in the body. Vaccine Development: ELISA is instrumental in developing vaccines by evaluating immune responses to vaccine candidates. Basic Research: Scientists use ELISA to study various biological processes by detecting and quantifying specific molecules involved in these processes.

Despite its established role, ELISA is evolving alongside technological advancements. New multiplex platforms allow for the simultaneous detection of various targets in a single sample, boosting efficiency in biomarker discovery and disease analysis. Automation streamlines workflows minimizes errors, and increases throughput, making high-throughput screening feasible in drug development and clinical settings. Miniaturization and portable devices enable rapid on-site diagnostics, providing healthcare professionals with real-time data for quicker interventions. Additionally, ongoing research is improving assay sensitivity, reducing background noise, and expanding detection limits, allowing for the identification of trace analytes and early disease biomarkers with greater accuracy than ever before. Integration of ELISA with emerging technologies such as microfluidics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence holds promise for enhancing assay performance, scalability, and data analysis capabilities.

These advancements hold promise for even wider applications of ELISA in the future. ELISA has revolutionized our ability to detect and quantify biological molecules. Its versatility, accuracy, and adaptability make it an invaluable tool across various scientific disciplines. As research continues to refine and innovate ELISA techniques, we can expect even more exciting possibilities to emerge in the years to come. ELISA's future is bright, promising to play a pivotal role in unraveling the mysteries of the biological world and improving human health.

[girlactionfigure]

Immense pride, tinged with sadness. 

For those who would like to read the full list:

1908 MECHNIKOV, ELIE 

FOR THEIR WORK ON IMMUNITY

1908 EHRLICH, PAUL

FOR THEIR WORK ON IMMUNITY

1914 BARANY, ROBERT

FOR HIS WORK ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS

1922 MEYERHOF, OTTO FRITZ 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF THE FIXED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF 

OXYGEN AND THE METABOLISM OF LACTIC ACID IN THE MUSCLE

1930 LANDSTEINER, KARL 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS

1936 LOEWI, OTTO 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES

1944 ERLANGER, JOSEPH 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO THE HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATED FUNCTIONS OF SINGLE NERVE FIBRES

1945 CHAIN, ERNST BORIS 

FOR THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN AND ITS CURATIVE EFFECT IN VARIOUS INFECTIOUS DISEASES

1946 MULLER, HERMANN J. 

FOR THE DISCOVERY OF THE PRODUCTION OF MUTATIONS BY MEANS OF X-RAY IRRADIATION

1947 CORI, GERTY THERESA, RADNITZ 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE COURSE OF THE CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF GLYCOGEN

1950 REICHSTEIN, TADEUS 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES RELATING TO THE HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX, THEIR STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

1952 WAKSMAN, SELMAN A. 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF STREPTOMYCIN, THE FIRST ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTIVE AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

1953 LIPMANN, FRITZ ALBERT 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF CO-ENZYME A AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM

1953 KREBS, HANS ADOLF 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE

1958 LEDERBERG, JOSHUA 

FOR HIS DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC RECOMBINATION AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF BACTERIA

1959 KORNBERG, ARTHUR 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE MECHANISMS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

1964 BLOCH, KONRAD 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE MECHANISM AND REGULATION OF THE CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID METABOLISM

1965 JACOB, FRANCOIS 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC CONTROL OF ENZYME AND VIRUS SYNTHESIS

1965 LWOFF, ANDRE

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC CONTROL OF ENZYME AND VIRUS SYNTHESIS

1967 WALD, GEORGE 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE PRIMARY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL VISUAL PROCESSES IN THE EYE

1968 NIRENBERG, MARSHALL W. 

FOR THEIR INTERPRETATION OF THE GENETIC CODE AND ITS FUNCTION IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1969 LURIA, SALVADOR E. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REPLICATION MECHANISM AND THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES

1970 KATZ, BERNARD

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE HUMORAL TRANSMITTERS IN THE NERVE TERMINALS AND THE MECHANISM

FOR THEIR STORAGE, RELEASE AND INACTIVATION

1970 AXELROD, JULIUS 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE HUMORAL TRANSMITTERS IN THE NERVE TERMINALS AND THE MECHANISM

FOR THEIR STORAGE, RELEASE AND INACTIVATION

1972 EDELMAN, GERALD M. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODIES

1975 TEMIN, HOWARD M.

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR VIRUSES AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE CELL

1975 BALTIMORE, DAVID 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TUMOR VIRUSES AND THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE CELL

1976 BLUMBERG, BARUCH S. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING NEW MECHANISMS FOR THE ORIGIN AND DISSEMINATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

1977 YALOW, ROSALYN 

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS OF PEPTIDE HORMONES

1977 SCHALLY, ANDREW V. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE PEPTIDE HORMONE PRODUCTION OF THE BRAIN

1978 NATHANS, DANIEL 

FOR THE DISCOVERY OF RESTRICTION ENZYMES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS OF MOLECULAR GENETICS

1980 BENACERRAF, BARUJ 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETICALLY DETERMINED STRUCTURES ON THE CELL SURFACE THAT

REGULATE IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS

1984 MILSTEIN, CESAR 

FOR THEORIES CONCERNING THE SPECIFICITY IN DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE

PRINCIPLE FOR PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

1985 BROWN, MICHAEL S. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1985 GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPH L. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

1986 COHEN, STANLEY 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF GROWTH FACTORS

1986 LEVI-MONTALCINI, RITA 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF GROWTH FACTORS

1988 ELION, GERTRUDE B. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES FOR DRUG TREATMENT

1989 VARMUS, HAROLD E. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF THE CELLULAR ORIGIN OF RETROVIRAL ONCOGENES

1994 RODBELL, MARTIN 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF G-PROTEINS AND THE ROLE OF THESE PROTEINS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN CELLS

1994 GILMAN, ALFRED G. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF G-PROTEINS AND THE ROLE OF THESE PROTEINS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN CELLS

1997 PRUSINER, STANLEY B. 

FOR HIS DISCOVERY OF PRIONS - A NEW BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE OF INFECTION

1998 FURCHGOTT, ROBERT F. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING NITRIC OXIDE AS A SIGNALING MOLECULE IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2000 GREENGARD, PAUL 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

2000 KANDEL, ERIC R. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

2002 BRENNER, SYDNEY 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC REGULATION OF ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

2002 HORVITZ, H. ROBERT 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING GENETIC REGULATION OF ORGAN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

2004 AXEL, RICHARD

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF ODORANT RECEPTORS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM

2006 FIRE, ANDREW Z. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERY OF RNA INTERFERENCE - GENE SILENCING BY DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA

2011 STEINMAN, RALPH M. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY

2011 BEUTLER, BRUCE A. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES CONCERNING THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY

2013 SCHEKMAN, RANDY W.

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS

2013 ROTHMAN, JAMES E. 

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MACHINERY REGULATING VESICLE TRAFFIC, A MAJOR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN OUR CELLS

2017 ROSBASH, MICHAEL

FOR THEIR DISCOVERIES OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTROLLING THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

Likud Herut UK

[brookstonalmanac]

Birthdays 7.19

Beer Birthdays

Adrian Tierney-Jones

Five Favorite Birthdays

Benedict Cumberbatch; English actor (1976)

Edgar Degas; French artist (1834)

Anthony Edwards; actor (1962)

Max Fleischer; animator (1883)

Brian May; rock guitarist (1947)

Famous Birthdays

Yael Abecassis; Israeli model and actress (1967)

Muhammad al-Bukhari; Persian scholar (810)

Marianna Auenbrugger; Austrian composer (1759)

Paule Baillargeon; Canadian actress and director (1945)

Theo Barker; English historian (1923)

Buster Benton; singer-songwriter and guitarist (1932)

Heinrich Christian Boie; German author and poet (1744)

Lizzie Borden; accused murderer (1860)

Vicki Carr; singer (1941)

Allen Collins; guitarist and songwriter (1952)

Samuel Colt; inventor (1814)

Mark Crispin; computer scientist (1956)

A.J. Cronin; writer (1896)

Friedrich Dessauer; German physicist and philosopher (1881)

Atom Egoyan; Egyptian-Canadian director (1960)

Michael Fekete; Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (1886)

Thomas Gabriel Fischer; Swiss musician (1963)

André Forcier; Canadian director and screenwriter (1947)

Helen Gallagher; actress, singer, and dancer (1926)

Keith Godchaux; rock keyboardist (1948)

Alan Gorrie; Scottish singer-songwriter (1946)

Kevin Haskins; English drummer and songwriter (1960)

Joseph Hansen; author and poet (1923)

Samuel John Hazo; author (1928)

Pat Hingle; actor (1924)

Florence Foster Jenkins; soprano (1868)

Richard Jordan; actor (1938)

Gottfried Keller; Swiss author and poet (1819)

Aleksandr Khinchin; Russian mathematician (1894)

Lisa Lampanelli; comedian (1961)

Bernie Leadon; guitarist and songwriter (1947)

Robert Mann; violinist, composer, and conductor (1920)

John Martin; English artist (1789)

Charles Horace Mayo; surgeon, clinic founder (1865)

George McGovern; politician (1922)

Tim McIntire; actor and singer (1944)

Freddy Moore; singer-songwriter and guitarist (1950)

Ilie Nastase; tennis player (1946)

Alice Dunbar Nelson; African-American poet (1875)

Garth Nix; Australian writer (1963)

Jim Norton; comedian (1968)

Mark O'Donnell; playwright (1954)

Steve O'Donnell; screenwriter and producer (1954)

Jayne Anne Phillips; writer (1952)

Edward Charles Pickering; astronomer and physicist (1846)

Martin Powell; English keyboard player and songwriter (1973)

Arthur Rankin Jr.; animation director, producer (1924)

Tom Raworth; English poet (1938)

Miltos Sachtouris; Greek poet (1919)

Campbell Scott; actor (1961)

Elizabeth Spencer; writer (1921)

Percy Le Baron Spencer; microwave inventor (1894)

Sue Thompson; singer (1925)

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow; physicist (1921)

[valkyries-things]

DR. ROSALYN SUSSMAN YALOW // PHYSICIST

“She was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally) for development of the radioimmunoassay technique. She was the second woman (after Gerty Cori), and the first American-born woman, to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”

[occknow]

Every scientific truth goes through three stages: first, people say it conflicts with the Bible; next, they say it has been discovered before; lastly, they say they always believed it —Rosalyn Sussman Yalow

[efvicioso]

Tal día como hoy, en 1921, nace Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, biofísica estadounidense, Nobel de Medicina de 1977, por desarrollar los radioinmuno ensayos para detectar hormonas.

https://buff.ly/43wXSn5

[honeyleesblog]

July 19 Zodiac - Full Horoscope Personality

They show love for feel and beautiful patterns, however frequently express almost no common sense in daily existence. They additionally have specific enchanted capacities, which remain closely connected with their erotic nature. It ought to be accentuated that the present birthday can furnish appropriately ethically created individuals with a sweeping otherworldly love. By then, the premise of the personality of these created individuals is the ability to empower others and give them what they need. This longing to really focus on others should be visible even in lacking kinds. Overall they are tactful and cautious individuals, albeit dubious and suspicious of the genuineness of others. Garrulous and ready to offer their viewpoints impeccably. Their exuberant conduct makes them change their place of home, objects of interest and calling. Liberal of conduct, with a decent and cordial person. They are benevolent to other people, attached to giving gifts. His defects incorporate obstinacy and hardheadedness. They are exceptionally unsettled in affection. They are at risk for tumbling from a high spot, both in a real sense and metaphorically. They frequently accomplish a decent position, yet can't clutch it for a really long time. His life way is usually surprising and unpredictable. They come like a meteor: gleaming brilliantly, yet for a brief time frame. His prosperity is rarely steady, and his life circumstance will undoubtedly change. How to bring up a youngster brought into the world on this day? The idea of such a kid is cherishing, steadfast, particularly delicate and understanding, and his instructors might give him goals that firmly impact his creative mind. The kid will promptly surrender and attempt to understand those beliefs. Your creative mind is so rich and excessively dynamic that, without steady feeling, you can become exhausted, apathetic, unscrupulous, obstinate, or dormant. July 19 Zodiac - Full Horoscope Personality

  Assuming that your birthday is July 19, your zodiac sign is Malignant growth July 19 - character and character character: bright, watchful, legit, unfortunate, weak, harsh calling: statistician, airline steward, mariner tones: purple, blue, dark stone: onyx creature: gazelle plant: hackberry fortunate numbers: 6,13,19,30,49,53 very fortunate number: 18 Occasions and observances - July 19 Games: Franks, fifth day. Myanmar: Saints' Day. Roman celebrations: first day of Lucaria. Colombia: Day of the Legends of the Country and their Families. Nicaragua: Public Freedom Day. July 19 Superstar birthday celebrations. Who was conceived that very day as you? 1900: Arno Breker, German stone worker and planner (d. 1991). 1900: Nathalie Sarraute, French author (f. 1999). 1903: Robert Dalban, French entertainer (d. 1987). 1907: Isabel Jewell, American entertainer and artist (d. 1972). 1907: Georges de Mestral, Swiss architect and innovator (d. 1990). 1908: Oswaldo Hercelles Garcდ­a, Peruvian specialist (d. 1969). 1910: Francisco Coloane, Chilean brief tale essayist and writer (f. 2002). 1916: Ildefonso Aroztegui, Uruguayan engineer (d. 1988). 1919: Patricia Medina, American entertainer (d. 2012). 1920: Aldo Protti, Italian baritone (f. 1995). 1921: Harold Setting up camp, American evangelist. 1921: Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American specialist, 1977 Nobel Prize in Medication (d. 2011). 1922: George McGovern, American government official and ambassador (d. 2012). 1923: Joseph Hansen, American essayist (d. 2004). 1923: Alex Hannum, American ball player (d. 2002). 1924: Pat Hingle, American entertainer (d. 2009). 1924: Arthur Rankin Jr., American producer. 1933: Pedro Rodrდ­guez Garcდ­a, Spanish scholar. 1934: Francisco Sდ¡ Carneiro, Portuguese Top state leader (d. 1980). 1937: Delfina Guido, Colombian-Argentine entertainer. 1937: Richard Jordan, American entertainer (d. 1993). 1938: Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist. 1938: Eugenio Chicano, Spanish pop painter 1939: Tracker S. Thompson, American essayist. 1941: Vikki Carr, American artist and performer. 1941: Vდ¡clav Klaus, Czech government official and state leader. 1941: Neelie Kroes, Dutch government official. 1944: Tim McIntire, American entertainer and artist (d. 1986). 1945: Paule Baillargeon, Canadian entertainer and chief. 1945: George Dzundza, American entertainer of German beginning. 1946: Alan Gorrie, English artist of Normal White Band. 1946: Ilie Nastase, Romanian tennis player. 1947: Bernie Leadon, American artist, of the band The Birds. 1947: Brian May, English guitarist, of the Sovereign band. 1948: Keith Godchaux, American artist, of the band Appreciative Dead (d. 1980). 1949: Ivar Kants, Australian entertainer. 1951: Abel Ferrara, American producer. 1952: Allen Collins, American artist, of the band Lynyrd Skynyrd (d. 1990). 1953: Renდ© Orlando Houseman, Argentine footballer. 1953: Zitto Segovia, Argentine chamamecero artist musician (d. 1989). 1954: Alvan Adams, American ball player. 1954: Imprint O'Donnell, American writer (d. 2012). 1954: Steve O'Donnell, American dramatist and maker. 1954: Alfonso Perales, Spanish history specialist and legislator (f. 2006). 1955: Ali Laarayedh, Tunisian legislator. 1955: Dalton McGuinty, Canadian legislator. 1955: Silvia Pდ©rez, Argentine entertainer. 1956: KA Applegate, American author. 1958: Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player (f. 2013). 1959: Juan Josდ© Campanella, Argentine movie producer. 1960: Molecule Egoyan, Canadian movie producer. 1961: Elizabeth McGovern, American entertainer. 1961: Hideo Nakata, Japanese movie producer. 1961: Campbell Scott, American entertainer. 1962: Aya Kito, Japanese creator (d. 1988). 1962: Anthony Edwards, American entertainer and chief. 1964: Tom Gabriel Fischer, Swiss performer of the groups Hellhammer and Celtic Ice. 1965: Evelyn Glennie, English percussionist. 1966: Nancy Carell, American entertainer. 1966: Blue Evil spirit, Jr., Mexican expert grappler. 1968: Jon Allen, American stone performer, of the band Confirmation. 1968: Robb Flynn, American performer, of the band Machine Head. 1968: Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and mentor. 1970: Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish legislator, Boss Clergyman of Scotland. 1971: Russell Allen, American singer, of the band Ensemble X. 1971: Urs Bდ¼hler, Swiss tenor of the Il Divo group of four. 1971: Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian fighter. 1972: Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer. 1973: Aდ­lton Gonდ§alves da Silva, Brazilian soccer player. 1973: Martin Powell, English performer of the band Support of Foulness. 1973: Antonio Zabდ¡lburu, Spanish entertainer. 1974: Rey Bucanero, Mexican grappler. 1974: Malcolm O'Kelly, Irish rugby player. 1974: Noel Schajris, Argentine vocalist. 1974: Vincent Spadea, American tennis player 1975: Luca Castellazzi, Italian soccer player. 1975: Kamijo, Japanese vocalist. 1976: Eric Prydz, Swedish DJ and maker. 1976: Benedict Cumberbatch, English entertainer. 1976: Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan soccer player. 1976: Vinessa Shaw, American entertainer. 1977: Tony Mamaluke, American grappler. 1978: Dolores Fonzi, Argentine entertainer. 1978: Jonathan Zebina, French footballer. 1979: Josuდ© Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian soccer player. 1979: Luke Youthful, English rugby player. 1979: Zvonimir Vukiე‡, Serbian footballer. 1980: Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player. 1980: Giorgio Mondini, Italian dashing driver. 1980: Imprint Webber, American entertainer. 1980: Queco Pina, Spanish soccer player. 1981: Didz Hammond, English vocalist and bassist, of the groups Filthy Pretty Things and The Cooper Sanctuary Proviso. 1981: Nenდ©, Brazilian soccer player. 1981: Chris Spicuzza, American artist, of the band Chimaira. 1982: Sabrina Garciarena, Argentine entertainer. 1982: Jared Padalecki, American entertainer. 1982: Stuart Parnaby, English footballer. 1982: Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer. 1983: Craig Vye, English entertainer. 1984: Andrea Libman, Canadian entertainer and artist. 1984: Adam Morrison, American ball player. 1985: LaMarcus Aldridge, American ball player. 1985: Marina Kuzina, Russian ball player. 1986: Afდ«rdita Dreshaj, American artist and model. 1986: Leandro Greco, Italian footballer. 1987: Hugh Harris, artist and English guitarist, of the band The Wackos. 1987: Jon Jones, American grappler. 1988: Shane Dawson, American joke artist and entertainer. 1988: Joe Tracini, English entertainer and artist. 1988: Trent Williams, American football player. 1989: Luis Avilდ¡n, Venezuelan baseball player. 1990: Rosie Jones, English model. 1992: Eduardo Garcდ­a Martდ­nez, Spanish entertainer. 1995: Marდ­a Josდ© Alvarado, Honduran model. Miss World Honduras 2014 (f. 2014). 1996: Jonathan Araujo, Dominican ball player.

[othmeralia]

Dr. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011) was the first American-born woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Born in the Bronx, New York on 19 July 1921, Rosalyn Yalow grew up in a Jewish household in New York City. She attended the all-female Hunter College where she studied physics. During college, Yalow worked as a secretary for Dr. Rudolf Schoenheimer, a biochemist at Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. She picked up a second part-time job and worked as a secretary for Dr. Michael Heidelberger, another biochemist at Columbia.

After graduating with a degree in physics in 1941, Yalow became a teaching assistant in physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. While there, she was the only woman among the department's 400 members. She earned her PhD in 1945.

After completing her PhD, Yalow joined the Bronx Veterans Administration Medical Center to assist with its radioisotope service and subsequently collaborated with Solomon Berson to develop radioimmunoassay (RIA), a radioisotope tracing technique that allows the measurement of tiny quantities of various biological substances in human blood, as well as other biologically active substances. Originally used to study insulin levels, the RIA technique has since been applied to myriad other substances, including hormones, vitamins, and enzymes, and used to screen blood donations for hepatitis virus and determine effective dosage levels of drugs and antibiotics, among other practical applications.

Yalow was the sixth individual woman (7th overall, after Marie Curie's two wins), and first American-born woman to win the Nobel Prize in a scientific field. She was the second woman in the world to win in the physiology or medicine category. The first was Gerty Cori.

In addition to the Nobel Prize, Yalow was the first female recipient of the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award (1976) and was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1988.

Dr. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow died on 30 May 2011 in New York, New York.

Photo 1: “Portrait of Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011),” circa 1977. Williams Haynes Portrait Collection, Box 15. Science History Institute. Philadelphia.

Photo 2: Colorano. “First Day Cover Commemorating Dr. Rosalyn S. Yalow.” United States, 1979. Witco Stamp Collection, Box 3. Science History Institute.

[thecolorsinouruniverse]

we must believe in ourselves or no one else will believe in us; we must match our aspirations with the competence, courage, and determination to succeed.

rosalyn yalow

[harrypotterhousequotes]

SLYTHERIN: "We must believe in ourselves, or no one else will believe in us." --Rosalyn Sussman Yalow

[girlactionfigure]

Mildred S. Dresselhaus -- the celebrated MIT professor known as the "Queen of Carbon Science," whose research helped unlock the mysteries of carbon -- was born on this day in 1930. A member of the MIT faculty for 50 years, the solid-state physicist was the first woman to ever attain the rank of full, tenured professor at the university. Dresselhaus was also the first woman to win the National Medal of Science in Engineering and was known nationally for her work to develop wider opportunities for women in science and engineering. The author of eight books and 1,700 scientific papers, “Millie’s dedication to research was unparalleled, and her enthusiasm was infectious,” says Anantha Chandrakasan, head of MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering. “For the past half-century, students, faculty and researchers at MIT and around the world have been inspired by her caring advice... She made such a huge impact on MIT, and her contributions will long be remembered.”

Born to Polish immigrant parents in Brooklyn, New York in 1930, Dresselhaus originally intended to become a teacher, but Rosalyn Yalow -- who herself would go on to win a Nobel Prize in Medicine -- encouraged her to consider a career in physics. After studying under Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi at the Univeristy of Chicago, Dresselhaus came to MIT in 1960 and became a permanent member of the electrical engineering faculty in 1968. Over her long career, she made fundamental discoveries in the electronic structure of semi-metals; wrote a definitive text on fullerenes, the spherical molecules better known as buckyballs; and was especially well-known for her research on nanomaterials. When Dresselhaus was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in 2015, the White House described her as “one of the most prominent physicists, materials scientists, and electrical engineers of her generation.”

For decades, Dresselhaus, who died in 2017 at the age of 86, worked to advance greater gender equality in science and engineering. In 1971, she and a colleague organized the first Women’s Forum at MIT in 1971. Two years later, she received a Carnegie Foundation grant to continue exploring ways to encourage women in science and engineering. She also supervised more than 60 doctoral candidates, leaving her mark on the field for years to come. When she gave the keynote speech at 2015’s Rising Stars in EECS, a three-day workshop for female graduate students and postdocs, Dresselhaus focused on the importance of persistence, relating stories about her own graduate work with legendary physicist Enrico Fermi, whose program was notoriously difficult. “It was what you did that counted,” she said, “and that followed me through life.”

A Mighty Girl

[brookstonalmanac]

Birthdays 7.19

Beer Birthdays

Adrian Tierney-Jones

Five Favorite Birthdays

Benedict Cumberbatch; English actor (1976)

Edgar Degas; French artist (1834)

Anthony Edwards; actor (1962)

Max Fleischer; animator (1883)

Brian May; rock guitarist (1947)

Famous Birthdays

Yael Abecassis; Israeli model and actress (1967)

Muhammad al-Bukhari; Persian scholar (810)

Marianna Auenbrugger; Austrian composer (1759)

Paule Baillargeon; Canadian actress and director (1945)

Theo Barker; English historian (1923)

Buster Benton; singer-songwriter and guitarist (1932)

Heinrich Christian Boie; German author and poet (1744)

Lizzie Borden; accused murderer (1860)

Vicki Carr; singer (1941)

Allen Collins; guitarist and songwriter (1952)

Samuel Colt; inventor (1814)

Mark Crispin; computer scientist (1956)

A.J. Cronin; writer (1896)

Friedrich Dessauer; German physicist and philosopher (1881)

Atom Egoyan; Egyptian-Canadian director (1960)

Michael Fekete; Hungarian-Israeli mathematician (1886)

Thomas Gabriel Fischer; Swiss musician (1963)

André Forcier; Canadian director and screenwriter (1947)

Helen Gallagher; actress, singer, and dancer (1926)

Keith Godchaux; rock keyboardist (1948)

Alan Gorrie; Scottish singer-songwriter (1946)

Kevin Haskins; English drummer and songwriter (1960)

Joseph Hansen; author and poet (1923)

Samuel John Hazo; author (1928)

Pat Hingle; actor (1924)

Florence Foster Jenkins; soprano (1868)

Richard Jordan; actor (1938)

Gottfried Keller; Swiss author and poet (1819)

Aleksandr Khinchin; Russian mathematician (1894)

Lisa Lampanelli; comedian (1961)

Bernie Leadon; guitarist and songwriter (1947)

Robert Mann; violinist, composer, and conductor (1920)

John Martin; English artist (1789)

Charles Horace Mayo; surgeon, clinic founder (1865)

George McGovern; politician (1922)

Tim McIntire; actor and singer (1944)

Freddy Moore; singer-songwriter and guitarist (1950)

Ilie Nastase; tennis player (1946)

Alice Dunbar Nelson; African-American poet (1875)

Garth Nix; Australian writer (1963)

Jim Norton; comedian (1968)

Mark O'Donnell; playwright (1954)

Steve O'Donnell; screenwriter and producer (1954)

Jayne Anne Phillips; writer (1952)

Edward Charles Pickering; astronomer and physicist (1846)

Martin Powell; English keyboard player and songwriter (1973)

Arthur Rankin Jr.; animation director, producer (1924)

Tom Raworth; English poet (1938)

Miltos Sachtouris; Greek poet (1919)

Campbell Scott; actor (1961)

Elizabeth Spencer; writer (1921)

Percy Le Baron Spencer; microwave inventor (1894)

Sue Thompson; singer (1925)

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow; physicist (1921)

[celebratingamazingwomen]

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-2011)  was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Yalow was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and she received the National Medal of Science in 1988.

Yalow is most known for the development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). RIA is a radioisotope tracing technique that uses antibodies to measure small amounts of biological substances in fluids. She first developed  it to study blood insulin levels in diabetes patients, and the method is still used widely today.

[womenruntheworld]

A Dozen Women Scientists You’ve Never Heard Of

Dr. Alice Hamilton: pioneer in industrial medicine in the U.S Dr. Florence Rena Sabin: pioneer in the movement to change the aim of medical study from the cure to the prevention of disease. Dr. Lise Meitner: Pioneer in nuclear physics. First scientist to recognize that the atom could be split to release tremendous amounts of energy. Dr. Leta S. Holilngworth: Pioneer in the science of clinical psychology. An early fighter for women's rights. Dr. Rachel Fuller Brown: Chemist. Co-discoverer of the antibiotic nystatin, the first antibiotic effective against fungus diseases. Dr. Gladys Anderson Emerson: The first to isolate vitamin E from wheat germ oil and study its functions. Studied the possible relationship of nutrition to cancer and arteriosclerosis. Dr. Maria Goeppert Mayer: Nobel Prize winner in physics fro her shell theory of the nucleus of the atom. Dr. Myra Adele Logan: Pioneer in medicine. First woman surgeon to operate on the heart. First black woman to be elected a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons Dr. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin: Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1964. Determined the structure of important chemical compounds of the body by cyrstallography. Dr. Jane C. Wright: Pioneer of chemotherapy. First black woman to be appointed to a high post in medical administration. Dr. Rosalyn S. Yalow: Nobel Prize winner in medicine, 1977, for her discovery of radioimmunoassay Dr. Sylvia Earle Mead: Marine biologist who led the first US team of female aquanauts in the Tektite Underwater Research Project