#stainless steel screw manufacturers

[jimitjain]

India's Leading Manufacturer of Superior-Quality Fasteners

PipingProjects.in is a major Fastener Manufacturer in India. Our company's Fasteners manufacturers are made from high-quality materials, making them appropriate for various industrial applications. Our fasteners are known for their exceptional resistance against corrosion, as well as their affordability and lovely appearance. In order to satisfy the needs of various production processes, we provide a variety of Fastener grades. We are also a major Flanges Supplier in India.

With a strong commitment to quality and precision, PipingProjects.in produces a wide range of fasteners tailored to the specific needs of the piping industry.The company's proficiency with pipe projects encompasses the production of superior fasteners, which enhance the prosperity and effectiveness of various industrial undertakings across India.

Are you searching for a Fasteners Weight chart? Our Fastener Weight Chart in kg, mm, and PDF is available in kilograms (kg) and millimeters (mm). A weight chart for fasteners of different sizes and wall thicknesses is given, expressed in kilograms per meter (kg/m). It is important to remember that the weights shown in these tables are estimations that might change based on the specific steel type and production techniques employed.

Product source: Fastener Supplier in India

[selftappingscrews]

The Ultimate Guide to EJOT Self-Tapping Screws for Metal Roofing 

If you’re someone who has been in the construction industry for long, you know the importance of choosing the right material for your business. When it comes to metal roofing, choosing fasteners is important for ensuring durability, stability, and long-term performance.  EJOT provides fasteners that are premium quality, and are engineered in a manner that they provide great reliability and innovation. EJOT’s self-tapping screws is one of the many products that our clients love, and can easily be distinguished from other products in the market due to its reliability and durability in any metal roofing project.  

Why Choose EJOT Self-Tapping Screws for Metal Roofing? 

If you’re someone who is looking for durability and reliable construction solutions, you’re at the right place. EJOT self-tapping screws are crafted from high-quality materials such as A2 stainless steel, which makes them resistant to corrosion. The screws are ideal for normal as well as highly corrosive environments, such as indoor swimming pools or chemical plants. The high corrosion resistance of our self-tapping screws means that the screws maintain their performance over time, and even in the harshest conditions, are durable.  

Our self-tapping screws are designed in alignment with advanced engineering techniques so that they provide optimal performance. They feature either a coarse or fine pitch thread and come with a dog point or a rolled point, depending on the application. These design features ensure a secure and tight fit, which greatly enhances the overall stability of the metal roofing system.  

There are a wide number of areas where our self-tapping screws can be used. EJOT self-tapping screws are very versatile and can be used for a variety of things. They can be used with steel, aluminium, and timber components, which is why they are a very flexible solution for construction needs of all kinds. If you’re somebody who is involved with large scale roofing projects or even if you’re looking for the right material for a residential roofing project, our self-tapping screws will be the best choice that you would make during the process.  

Key Features of EJOT Self-Tapping Screws 

When you are on the hunt for screws that won’t have to be replaced after a few years, it is important that one must have the kind which are resistant to corrosion. One of the most important features of EJOT self-tapping screws is their exceptional corrosion resistance. Made from high-grade A2 stainless steel, these screws are designed to bear with harsh environments, which also includes highly corrosive settings. The JA1/JZ1 self-tapping screws, in particular, are made from stainless steel HCR® 1.4529, offering the highest corrosion protection class. This makes them ideal for use in indoor swimming pools and chemical plants. 

EJOT self-tapping screws are engineered in such a manner that they give superior holding power. The coarse or fine pitch thread design makes sure that the screws have a secure and tight fit, which prevents loosening or any kind of movement over time. This is important for maintaining the stability and integrity of metal roofing systems, especially in areas that have extreme weather conditions. 

We understand the importance of efficiency in construction projects. EJOT self-tapping screws are designed for easy and quick installation. The self-tapping feature means they form their own thread in a pre-drilled hole, reducing the need for additional tools and steps. This not only saves time but also minimizes labor costs. 

 Our self-tapping screws are suitable for a wide range of applications. They can be used with steel, aluminum, and timber components, making them a versatile choice for different construction needs. Whether you are working on a residential project or a commercial installation, EJOT self-tapping screws provide the reliability and performance you need. 

EJOT Self-Tapping Screws for Metal Roofing: Product Range 

1. JA3/JB3/JZ3 Screws 

These screws are made of high-quality A2 stainless steel and are suitable for use with steel, aluminum, and timber components. They offer excellent corrosion resistance and are designed for general metal roofing applications. The superior holding power and easy installation make them a popular choice among contractors and builders. 

2. EJOT CORREMAKS JA1/JZ1 Screws 

These self-tapping screws are specifically designed for highly corrosive environments. Made from stainless steel HCR® 1.4529, they offer the highest level of corrosion protection. This makes them ideal for use in indoor swimming pools, chemical plants, and other settings where high corrosion resistance is required. 

3. Optional Pre-Assembled Sealing Washer 

For added convenience and performance, our self-tapping screws can be completed with an optional pre-assembled sealing washer. This enhances the sealing capability of the screws, providing additional protection against water ingress and other environmental factors. 

Benefits of Using EJOT Self-Tapping Screws for Metal Roofing 

1. Enhanced Durability 

By choosing EJOT self-tapping screws for your metal roofing projects, you are investing in enhanced durability and long-term performance. Our screws are built to withstand the challenges of time and weather, ensuring that your roofing systems remain intact and secure. 

2. Increased Efficiency 

The advanced design and easy installation of our self-tapping screws contribute to increased efficiency in construction projects. This means quicker project completion times and reduced labor costs, ultimately leading to higher profitability. 

3. Versatile Applications 

EJOT self-tapping screws are suitable for a wide range of applications, from standard metal roofing to specialized installations in highly corrosive environments. This versatility makes them a valuable addition to any construction toolkit, providing reliable solutions for various needs. 

4. Environmental Sustainability 

Using high-quality self-tapping screws like those from EJOT helps in reducing the need for frequent replacements, contributing to environmental sustainability. Our durable and reliable screws ensure that your projects are built to last, minimizing waste and resource consumption. 

Conclusion 

EJOT self-tapping screws are the ideal choice for ensuring the durability, stability, and efficiency of your metal roofing projects. With a comprehensive range of products designed to meet various needs, EJOT provides reliable and innovative solutions for both standard and specialized applications. Whether you are working on a residential project or a large commercial installation, our self-tapping screws deliver superior performance and long-term benefits. 

Investing in EJOT self-tapping screws means investing in quality and peace of mind. Explore our range of self-tapping screws for metal roofing and experience the difference that superior engineering and innovative design can make. For more information and to browse our products, visit the EJOT website. 

FAQs 

1. What are self-tapping screws? 

Self-tapping screws are fasteners that can create their own thread in a pre-drilled hole. They are commonly used in metal roofing for their ease of installation and strong holding power. 

2. Why should I use EJOT self-tapping screws for metal roofing? 

EJOT self-tapping screws are made from high-quality materials that resist corrosion and offer superior holding power. They are designed for easy installation and are suitable for a wide range of applications. 

3. What is the difference between coarse and fine pitch threads in self-tapping screws? 

Coarse pitch threads are designed for general applications and provide a stronger grip, while fine pitch threads are used for more precise applications and offer a smoother finish. 

4. Can EJOT self-tapping screws be used in highly corrosive environments? 

Yes, EJOT offers specialized self-tapping screws, such as the CORREMAKS JA1/JZ1, which are designed for highly corrosive environments and offer the highest level of corrosion protection. 

5. Are EJOT self-tapping screws easy to install? 

Yes, EJOT self-tapping screws are designed for easy and quick installation, reducing the need for additional tools and steps. This saves time and minimizes labor costs. 

6. Where can I buy EJOT self-tapping screws? 

You can purchase EJOT self-tapping screws directly from the EJOT website or through authorized distributors. 

[jt3selfdrillingscrewsejot]

Understanding the Benefits of JT3 Self Drilling Screws by EJOT

JT3 Self Drilling Screws EJOT

JT3 self drilling screws by EJOT are renowned in the industry for their exceptional quality and performance. These screws are engineered to provide efficient drilling and fastening solutions across various applications. Whether you're in construction, manufacturing, or DIY projects, JT3 screws offer several advantages that make them a preferred choice.

JT3 screws feature a unique design that combines drilling capability with self-tapping threads, eliminating the need for pre-drilling. This saves time and effort during installation while ensuring a secure and reliable fastening. The screws are crafted from high-grade stainless steel, offering superior corrosion resistance and durability, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

Self Tapping Screws

Self tapping screws are a versatile option for fastening materials together by creating their own threads as they are driven into the material. EJOT's range of self tapping screws, including JT3 screws, is designed to meet stringent quality standards and deliver consistent performance. These screws are ideal for applications where efficiency, reliability, and durability are paramount.

Benefits of JT3 Self Drilling Screws

JT3 self drilling screws from EJOT offer several benefits that make them stand out in the market:

Efficient Installation: The self drilling capability eliminates the need for separate drilling operations, saving time and labor.

Strong Fastening: Once installed, JT3 screws provide a secure hold due to their self-tapping threads and high-quality stainless steel construction.

Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel composition ensures longevity and reliability, even in challenging environments.

Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of applications, from construction and roofing to HVAC installations and automotive assembly.

Cost-Effective: By reducing installation time and maintenance requirements, JT3 screws offer a cost-effective solution over the long term.

Self Drilling Screw Manufacturers in India

As a leading manufacturer of self drilling screws in India, EJOT Octaqon is committed to innovation and quality. Their JT3 screws exemplify their dedication to providing cutting-edge solutions that meet the evolving needs of industries worldwide.

Conclusion 

In conclusion, JT3 self drilling screws by EJOT Octaqon are an excellent choice for anyone seeking reliable, efficient, and durable fastening solutions. Whether you're a professional contractor or a DIY enthusiast, these screws offer the performance and durability you can trust. Explore EJOT Octaqon's range of JT3 self drilling screws today and experience the difference in your projects.

[ushaprecision123]

Usha Precision

We are renowned manufacturer & supplier of a wide range of industrial flat head rivets as well as round head rivets, Our various types of solid metal rivets are made using superior quality material which is tested before the production process.

[pipingprojectmiddleeast]

Leading Fastener Manufacturer in India

PipingProjects.in is a leading Fastener Manufacturer in India. Our fasteners are made of high-quality materials and may be used in various industrial applications. Our fasteners are renowned for their remarkable corrosion resistance, as well as their attractive aesthetics and cost-effectiveness. 

We provide numerous Fastener grades to fulfil the needs of various manufacturing processes. We are also a prominent Flange Supplier in India. As a leading Fastener Manufacturer, We provide different grades of fasteners to meet different production requirements. We specialize in high-quality Stainless Steel Fasteners, Stainless Steel Washer, Stainless Steel Screws and more. Our products are composed of durable materials that provide dependability and longevity in various industrial applications. We are also a well-known Fastener Manufacturer in Ludhiana, Fastener Manufacturer in Pune and Fastener Manufacturer in Chennai.

Are you looking for a Fastener Weight chart? Our fasteners weight chart in kg, mm, and PDF formats. A kilogram weight table per meter (kg/m) is included for fasteners of various sizes and wall thicknesses. It is important to note that the weights provided in these tables are estimations and may differ based on the specific kind of steel utilized and the production techniques employed.

Product source: Fastener Supplier in India

[mukeshmus]

Stainless Steel Hex Bolts

[fixdex-fastening-technology]

FIXDEX & GOODFIX successful conclusion of Manufacturing Expo 2023

[asnutbolts]

Top Screw Manufacturer in India

One of the leading Screw Manufacturers in India,Other stainless steel products are also produced by Aashish Steel, including Inconel fasteners, nuts, and fasteners.

As one of the leading Bolt Manufacturers in India, all of our products are manufactured with the quality that our consumers have come to expect from us in mind. This has made us one of the best Inconel Fasteners Manufacturers and Bolt Suppliers in Saudi Arabia. We also export our products on an international scale and are now the fastest growing Grub Screw Manufacturers in India.

Aashish Steel guarantees on-time deliveries, low prices, and customer satisfaction in addition to brilliantly crafted stainless steel products. 

To know more, visit:

Our website: asnutbolt.com

Product Source: Screw Manufacturer

E-mail: info@asnutbolt.com

[feybeasts]

Because I’ve seen this a lot, I thought I’d throw a little bit of knowledge downrange for all y’all making quasi-period-accurate western/gunslinger OCs:

There’s a world of difference between a modern revolver and a period-appropriate model, like the Colt 1851 above- when looking for reference pics, it’s important to keep that in mind!

A modern revolver, like the colt python above, is made from finished steel and made from milled parts- you see that cut-out on the bottom of the barrel, or how the barrel and cylinder are shaped, how there are almost no visible bolts or screws? That’s because modern manufacturing techniques allow for precisely-milled metal like that!

The 1851, our first example, is mostly made from stamped, even forged steel, often lacking any sort of finish. It’s very simplistically shaped and has a lot of screws keeping everything together- people in the 1800’s didn’t really have access to modern mills or the sorts of metallurgy we do now, so that’s gonna be what you get. Old guns look old for a reason!

So remember- if you’re looking for period appropriate, non-modern revolvers, keep in mind that they’re gonna be kinda crude, made with hand tools, and simplistically shaped- if it’s made of stainless steel and has lots of small flourishes and details, it’s probably a modern one!

[jimitjain]

Common Types of Fasteners and Their Applications

PipingProjects.in is a major Fastener Manufacturer in India. Our company's Fasteners manufacturers are made from high-quality materials, making them appropriate for various industrial applications. Our fasteners are known for their exceptional resistance against corrosion, as well as their affordability and lovely appearance. In order to satisfy the needs of various production processes, we provide a variety of Fastener grades. We are also a major Flanges Supplier in India.

1. Screws

Types:

- Wood Screws:Designed for joining wood to wood. They have a coarse thread to grip the wood fibers securely.

- Machine Screws:Used to fasten metal parts together, often with a pre-tapped hole or in conjunction with a nut.

- Sheet Metal Screws: Ideal for joining thin metal sheets. They have sharp threads to cut into the metal.

- Drywall Screws: Specifically designed for securing drywall panels to wooden or metal studs.

Applications:

- Construction (framing, drywall installation)

- Furniture assembly

- Electrical equipment

- Automotive and aerospace industries

 2. Bolts

Types:

- Hex Bolts: Characterized by a hexagonal head, they are commonly used in construction and machinery.

- Carriage Bolts: Feature a rounded head and a square neck that prevents rotation when tightened. They are often used in woodworking and construction.

- Lag Bolts: Large, sturdy screws used for heavy-duty applications such as securing wood to wood or wood to masonry.

Applications:

- Heavy construction

- Machinery assembly

- Woodworking

- Securing large structural components

3. Nuts

Types:

- Hex Nuts: The most common type, paired with bolts to secure parts together.

- Lock Nuts: Designed to resist loosening under vibration or torque. Common types include nylon insert lock nuts and metal lock nuts.

- Wing Nuts: Feature two large 'wings' for easy hand tightening. Often used in applications where frequent adjustments are needed.

Applications:

- Machinery

- Automotive

- Construction

- Home repair projects

 4. Washers

Types:

- Flat Washers: Distribute the load of a bolt or screw, preventing damage to the surface being fastened.

- Lock Washers: Designed to prevent nuts and bolts from coming loose due to vibration. Common types include split lock washers and tooth lock washers.

- Fender Washers: Have a larger outer diameter compared to standard washers, used to spread the load over a wider area.

Applications:

- Preventing surface damage

- Reducing the risk of loosening

- Providing a smooth bearing surface

5. Rivets

Types:

- Solid Rivets: Require access to both sides of the material. They are hammered into place and are commonly used in aerospace and structural applications.

- Blind Rivets (Pop Rivets): Can be installed from one side, making them ideal for situations where access is limited.

- Drive Rivets: Installed by driving a pin into the body of the rivet, expanding it and securing the materials together.

Applications:

- Aerospace

- Automotive

- Construction

- Metal fabrication

Choosing the right fastener for your project is crucial for ensuring strength, stability, and longevity. Each type of fastener has unique characteristics and applications, making it important to understand their specific uses and benefits. Whether you are working on a home improvement project, assembling furniture, or constructing a building, selecting the appropriate fasteners will help you achieve the best results.

[123-4-5-6]

Emcor Engineering: Your Trusted Partner for High-Quality Metal Products

Established in 2019-2020, Emcor Engineering has quickly become a highly acclaimed manufacturer, supplier, and stockist of ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, including high nickel alloys. We offer an extensive range of products such as pipes, tubes, flanges, buttwelded pipe fittings, forged fittings, tube fittings, sheets, plates, coils, bars, fasteners, shims, slitting coils, screws, washers, elbows, reducers, and tees.

Our relentless efforts to deliver premium quality products have earned us an unparalleled position in the industry. We import, export, supply, and trade a wide array of materials, including stainless steel, high nickel alloys, duplex and super duplex, titanium, and cupro nickel in all grades. Emcor Engineering is also a specialist in 400 series sheets and coils and is one of the leading foundry grade scrap suppliers in India. Trust us to meet your needs with exceptional quality and service.

[sankalpalloys]

Super Duplex S32760 Flanges Manufacturers in India

The manufacturer and supplier of Very Duplex Steel Flanges made their products in a variety of sizes and forms for the customer in response to interest. The manufacturer, stockist, and supplier of the entire stainless steel item, including this, is Sankalp Alloys Overseas. They provide everything and deliver the product while maintaining excellent quality and price as well.

Super Duplex Steel Flanges are regarded as the best in the series of steel Flanges based on their characteristics and strong points. The austenitic toughened steel is offered in Very Choice with a few components like copper, zinc, and chromium. The majority of businesses use a lot of Duplex steel products since they provide high strength when they come into touch.

There are many kinds of Flanges accessible, for example, Welding Neck Wall It is by and large utilized in low-temperature and high-pressure applications since they required the unhindered liquid stream conveyed by the line framework. Long welding Neck-They is equivalent to a weld neck just contrast in a lengthy welding neck the tightened center point (neck) is expanded and performs like an exhausting expansion. Slip-on Spine It is appended to the fittings or the line by two filet welds, one external the hole and the other one executed inside the rib. They are handily perceived by their minimal and thin shape.

Strung Rib This is attached by screwing the line into the spine rather than using a crease weld. They are typically used in small, low-temperature, low-stress applications like utility and water management. They are legally required in dangerous areas like petrol stations and industries. Since welding associations could be dangerous in this type of environment. Spine Attachment Weld To connect this type of rib to the lines, a single fillet weld is performed on the exterior of the rib. Joint-joint ribs This spine frequently uses an alloy with a stub end and a component with a level spacing. Dark Spine Due to the necessary catapulting forces and the structure pressure, these Flanges reduce outstanding mechanical forces.

A few other exceptional sorts of rib are Nipo rib, Weldo rib, Turn Rib, Elbo Rib, Lactro Rib, Growing spine, and Lessening Rib.

Specification of Super Duplex Stainless Steel S32750/S32760 Flanges

Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges Specification: ASTM A182 / ASME SA182 Dimension Standard : ANSI/ASME B16.5, B 16.47 Series A & B, B16.48, BS4504, BS 10, EN-1092, DIN, etc. Standard: ANSI Flanges, ASME Flanges, BS Flanges, DIN Flanges, EN Flanges, etc. Size: 1/2" (15 NB) to 48" (1200NB) Class / Pressure : 150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500#, PN6, PN10, PN16, PN25, PN40, PN64 etc. Flange Face Type: Flate Face (FF), Raised Face (RF), Ring Type Joint (RTJ) DIN Flanges : DIN 2527, 2566, 2573, 2576, 2641,2642, 2655, 2656, 2627, 2628, 2629, 2631, 2632, 2633, 2634, 2635, 2636, 2637,2638, 2673. JIS Flanges : JIS B2220 5K, JIS B2220 10K, JIS B2220 16K, JIS B2220 20K BS Flanges: BS4504 PN 6, BS 4504 PN 10, BS4504 PN 16, BS4504 PN 25, BS4504 PN 40, BS 4504 PN 64, BS 4504 PN 100, BS 4504 PN 160, BS 4504 PN 250, BS 10, BS Table D, BS Table E, BS Table F, BS Table H.

[ragingstillness]

To all my peeps who need hardware/home improvement/DIY stuff but don’t know how to go about getting it, here’s a little guide on how to navigate the hardware store:

If you know exactly what item you need

Bring as many visual aids are you can. Bring a picture of the item, a link to the store you found it on, even better, a link to the hardware store’s website showing the item, heck even a drawing of the item would help

What we want most from you is the brand name, the size, the UPC or manufacturer number or SKU if you have it, and the name of the item if you know it.

We also want the purpose you’re using the item for in a general sense. Hardware stores tend to be laid out by general area of work and being able to say, I need a light for a car is going to get you a different location than I need a light for a standing lamp in my house

If you know what purpose you want the item to serve but don’t know what item you need

Tell us about your project and what role the item plays in it. Use words like connect or bend or secure. We want to know the limits of what you need the item to do.

We also want to know the materials the item is interacting with. Drill bits for wood differ greatly from drill bits for cement and drill bits for sheet metal.

Do you need raw material? What items will probably be interacting with it? Ex: you’re putting up a shelf. Important info: the shelf must be made of wood and you plan to use screws and brackets to connect it to drywall.

If you know any unusual stressors the item will have to put up with, say them. Ex: I’m going to leave this item outside in all seasons, I plan to put heavy things on top of this item, I need this item to secure a delicate object

If you know what type of item you’re looking for but not which one you need

Stressors, again. How strong do you need the item to be? Some hooks can hold 10lbs, some can hold 50lbs, what are you planning on hanging from the hook?

Do you know the color or material you’re looking for? Does the pipe fitting have to be bronze or stainless steel?

Ask for the pluses and minuses of objects we present you, hopefully usually we’ll know and we work for the store not the supplier so we’ll give it to you straight if something’s of higher quality

I’m gonna give some quick examples here that sound more like natural conversation to show you how to convey this information

Ex: first bullet point

Hi I’m looking for some chains (name of item) for my trailer hitch (purpose of item, role item plays). The trailer is pretty heavy (strength needed) and I drive with it a lot (possible stressor). I’ll need about six feet of them (size) and they’ll have to be thick (size and appearance). I noticed you had them listed on your website here *shows phone* (visual aid)

Ex: second bullet point

Hi I need to join (type of connection) two pieces of wood (materials interacting with item, role item plays) together for a bookshelf (purpose of item, identifiable stressor). I don’t really know what’s best for that (asking for advice).

Ex: third bullet point

Hi I’m looking for a paint primer (type of item). It’s going on drywall that already has painter’s paint on it (material it’s interacting with, strength of item needed) I’ve heard there are some types that include paint and primer (mentioning options you want to consider)?

All of these will help you get the hobby or project item you need as quickly and efficiently as possible, best of luck!

[lockwood-metaphysical]

I have a question re the Morrigan beads: where did you get that raven pendant and was it an independent seller on etsy out of Canada? I used to have it and wore it daily for a year until ALL of the silver wore off and I was SO surprised to see that exact raven somewhere else as I dont often see it and it's SO beautiful. I ask because if it WASNT from the person I ordered it from (who claimed it was his hand made pewter) then he lied about making it (idk why thatd happen) and if it WAS made by him, congrats that is so cool.

As much as I dislike being the bearer of bad news, I loathe dishonest business practices even more. My answer's going to reveal something pretty bleak about Etsy and artisan crafts in general, so bear with me.

To answer your question, no, I didn't buy it from an Etsy seller in Canada. I bought it directly from the manufacturers in China.

A few things could have happened:

The seller designed and crafted the original pendant and what I have is a Chinese knockoff.

The seller bought the pendant from China but used it to create a dye for pewter-casting.

The seller flat-out lied (and I goofed and mislabeled pewter as stainless steel).

The third scenario seems most likely, given what I'm about to tell you about Etsy.

Ah, Etsy. I used to have so much faith in you. What was once a paradise for crafters and antiquing is now a den of resellers disguising themselves as crafters. This is especially true with Etsy's pagan market.

Here's a screenshot of Etsy after searching "norse jewelry."

I know for certain the first three items on the first row and the last two items on the second row are sourced straight from China, because I've seen them on AliExpress. Here's the mjolnir from the first row. Note the price difference:

Now, reselling isn't a bad-faith practice by default: Your favorite brick-and-mortar metaphysical shops are all resellers. But the fact you were (probably) screwed over and lied to over something you cherished is terribly unfair, and it's your right to know this information. This is especially true considering Etsy's reseller issue is only getting worse.

(If people are curious, I'd be happy to go into why I use Chinese suppliers and the ethical reasoning therein, but the tl;dr is that it keeps my prices reasonable and doesn't reward resellers.)