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Bio Signatures discovered on planet 124 light years away
The planet is K2-18b.
"Bio Signatures" are compounds in the atmosphere which we would expect life to produce. Pretty much all of them have natural sources, but it's also extremely unlikely that life would not produce any of them.
Things like oxygen and methane like to react, leave the atmosphere, so they need replenishing. They are far from the only Bio Signatures but they do a fine job of illustrating the point...
There's also such a thing as "Techno Signatures," which would be things we would expect an industrial society to put into the atmosphere... pollution.
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Are there really traces of life on a planet 700 trillion miles away? Did the Easter Bunny really stuff aliens in our eggs this year? Some thoughts on the excitement quotient of alien marine goo vs knitted moon mice.
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THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS IN CIVILIZATION
In Search of Lost Civilizations
In the second thought experiment of this series, I speculate on the problems that would be involved in searching for extinct agricultural (non-industrialized) civilizations on alien worlds. I consider three climatological scenarios that have forced the extinction of civilizations—snowball worlds, water worlds, and desert worlds—through the disruption of settled agriculturalism. To set this up I discuss some methodological preliminaries on satellite archaeology, and I finish with some of the methodological lessons learned.
Quora: https://philosophyofhistory.quora.com/
Discord: https://discord.gg/r3dudQvGxD
Links: https://jnnielsen.carrd.co/
Newsletter: http://eepurl.com/dMh0_-/
Video: https://youtu.be/P-8VMQhHM30
Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7xvj7pmafJCOJvDtWNWlZ1?si=EpWqgxqfT3-gYkrfjn7PmQ
Episode: S02EP20
#civilization #ThoughtExperiment #SpaceExploration #archaeology #ExistentialRisk #RemoteSensing #Snowball #slushball #waterworld #desertification #aridification #technosignatures
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Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your go-to podcast for the latest news and discoveries in space and astronomy. I'm your host, Anna. Today we have some exciting stories lined up for you. We'll dive into new research on our moon's atmosphere, revealing the powerful effects of meteorite impacts. Next, we'll explore why detecting signs of advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, known as technosignatures, is more challenging than we might think. Finally, we'll uncover recent findings about potential dark matter objects in space discovered using pulsars. So sit back, relax, and let's embark on this cosmic journey together. - NASA astronauts from the Apollo missions uncovered a fascinating aspect of the moon that was previously unknown. It has an atmosphere, although it's incredibly thin, so much so that it's technically classified as an exosphere. But what drives this tenuous lunar atmosphere? - NASA scientists have been delving into the intriguing question of why we might not be able to detect advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, also known as technosignatures. One prevailing theory suggests that these civilizations may have relatively modest energy requirements, which means they wouldn't necessarily need to construct vast, detectable stellar energy structures, like enormous solar panel arrays that cover their planet's surface, or giant orbiting megastructures, to harvest energy from their star. - Recent research has brought exciting news in our quest to understand dark matter, something that has intrigued astronomers for decades. The study involves pulsars, which are neutron stars known for emitting regular beams of radio waves. - If you enjoyed today's show, be sure to visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Until next time, keep looking up. www.bitesz.com
#astronomy#atmosphere#civilizations#dark#extraterrestrial#impacts#lunar#mass#matter#meteorite#moon#nasa#news#pulsars#regolith#research#solar#sputtering#technosignatures#wind
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NASA Scientists on Why We Might Not Spot Solar Panel Technosignatures
One of NASA’s key priorities is understanding the potential for life elsewhere in the universe. NASA has not found any credible evidence of extraterrestrial life — but NASA is exploring the solar system and beyond to help us answer fundamental questions, including whether we are alone in the universe. For those who study the potential […] from NASA https://ift.tt/I8vlDUK
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L'AI in aiuto per trovare forme di vita extraterrestri

Alla ricerca di tecnofirme extraterrestri, intervista a Stefano Cavuoti dell'Inaf di Napoli. Recentemente è stato pubblicato un report che fa il punto sulla ricerca della vita intelligente nell’universo. In un’epoca di grandi progressi negli studi sugli esopianeti, comprese le ricerche di biomarcatori e la crescita esponenziale dei dati, è il momento giusto per rivisitare questa sfida utilizzando un nuovo approccio basato sui dati, in grado di minimizzare i pregiudizi antropocentrici e culturali esistenti.

Copertina del report “Data-Driven Approaches to Searches for the Technosignatures of Advanced Civilizations Final” – Keck Institute for Space Studies Workshop, May 20–24, 2019. Crediti: Keck/Caltech Da millenni l’umanità si chiede se siamo soli nell’universo. La scoperta della vita extraterrestre, in particolare della vita intelligente, avrebbe effetti profondi, paragonabili a quelli raggiunti con la consapevolezza che la Terra non è il centro dell’universo e che gli esseri umani si sono evoluti da specie precedenti. La crescita nel campo della ricerca degli esopianeti è stata rapidissima. Da quel lontano 6 ottobre 1995, quando venne scoperto il primo esopianeta, oggi sono 5534 i pianeti extrasolari confermati, in 4125 sistemi planetari diversi. All’incirca nello stesso intervallo di tempo, l’astronomia è arrivata a dover gestire una quantità di dati impressionante, dell’ordine del petabyte. Recentemente è stato pubblicato uno studio guidato dal WM Keck Institute for Space Studies che ha lo scopo di rivisitare le ricerche di tecnologie aliene alla luce di questi sviluppi. Media Inaf ne ha parlato direttamente con uno degli autori, Stefano Cavuoti dell’Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte, ricercatore ed esperto di intelligenza artificiale. A che punto siamo con la ricerca di technosignature extraterrestri? «L’umanità ha iniziato da metà del XX secolo a cercare forme di vita extraterrestri. Ci siamo concentrati sulla ricerca di segnali radio, principalmente nella gamma di frequenze solitamente nota come water hole e che corrisponde alle lunghezze d’onda tra 21 e 18 centimetri. Di fatto questo tipo di ricerca è continuato fino ai giorni nostri e un esempio è il progetto Breakthrough Listen. A questo si sono aggiunti alcuni progetti di Optical Seti (OSeti). Sostanzialmente quasi tutti i principali approcci utilizzati sinora hanno in comune una serie di ipotesi molto specifiche. Stiamo di fatto cercando una civiltà che stia deliberatamente tentando di comunicare, in maniera molto semplice, e che peraltro abbia un livello tecnologico simile a quello che avevamo noi all’epoca dell’inizio di questi studi». In che direzione le stiamo cercando e come? «Principalmente stiamo cercando segnali di comunicazione diretti a civiltà sconosciute. Oltre questo ci sono altri lavori ma rappresentano una percentuale piuttosto bassa del settore. Ci sono ad esempio alcuni lavori in letteratura sulla ricerca di sfere di Dyson, che sono delle strutture ipotetiche applicate attorno a qualcosa che emetta molta energia (ad esempio una stella) per sfruttarne quanto più possibile l’energia. Strutture di questo tipo se esistono devono lasciare una traccia infrarossa, dovuta al calore risultante dalla conversione energetica, che potrebbe essere identificata. L’astronomo russo Nikolaj Kardašëv negli anni 60 propose una scala per classificare le civiltà: una civiltà di Tipo 1 è in grado di utilizzare tutta l’energia di un pianeta, una di tipo 2 è in grado di utilizzare tutta o quasi l’energia della stella del proprio sistema mentre una di tipo 3 è in grado di utilizzare tutta quella di una galassia. Una civiltà in grado di costruire una sfera di Dyson attorno a una stella sarebbe classificata quindi nella scala di Kardašëv come di tipo 2 ma niente vieterebbe a una civiltà di tipo 3 di costruirne una attorno a una galassia». Un risultato del workshop è stato che le ricerche sulle tecnofirme dovrebbero essere condotte in modo coerente con la “First Law of Seti Investigations”. Di cosa si tratta? «La First Law of Seti Investigations è una frase di Freeman Dyson, che dice: “ogni ricerca di civiltà aliene dovrebbe essere pianificata in modo da dare risultati interessanti anche quando non si scoprono alieni”. Anche Frank Drake, famoso per l’equazione che porta il suo nome, relativa al numero di potenziali civiltà nella nostra galassia, aveva detto qualcosa del genere negli anni 60. Drake partiva da un assunto: questo genere di ricerca spesso non porta ad alcun risultato. Questo fatto non solo vanifica mesi di lavoro ma demoralizza anche il team di ricerca che ci ha lavorato. Questo significa insomma che le ricerche di technosignature dovrebbero essere condotte in modo da produrre risultati scientifici indipendentemente dal trovare o meno vita extraterrestre. Questo rende un eventuale progetto di ricerca più interessante sia per gli enti che devono investirci sia per i ricercatori che devono spenderci il loro tempo». Le assunzioni che si fanno adesso nella ricerca di vita extraterrestre differiscono da quelle di un tempo? «Non molto ma le cose stanno cambiando. Parte dello scopo del workshop è anche questo: cercare di capire quanto forti siano i bias umani in questo settore e come cercare di ridurli per quanto possibile. In che modo ci può aiutare l’intelligenza artificiale e in che modo differisce dai metodi di filtraggio dati usati negli anni passati? L’intelligenza artificiale può analizzare grandi quantità di dati in modo rapido ed efficiente, e permetterci di trovare schemi o tendenze che potrebbero sfuggire all’occhio umano, lavorare su molte dimensioni o direttamente sulle immagini. Molti dei metodi di filtraggio si basano su delle assunzioni e tendono ad applicare lo stesso criterio a tutti i dati mentre molti metodi di AI riescono a approcciare diverse porzioni dello spazio dei parametri in maniera specifica risultando così più flessibili». Quali sono le principali difficoltà? «Le principali difficoltà sono legate alla mancanza di risorse finanziarie e umane dedicate a questo tipo di ricerca. Questo è un lascito anche di alcuni progetti che magari non hanno rispettato la First Law of Seti Investigation. Questo ha condotto alla mancanza di una comunità scientifica consolidata e riconosciuta». C’è qualcosa di diverso che si potrebbe fare, oltre a quello che si sta già facendo, per raggiungere lo scopo?

Stefano Cavuoti è un ricercatore dell’Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte, esperto di intelligenza artificiale. Nel 2016 ha ricevuto il premio “Outstanding Publication in Astrostatistics PostDoc Award” dell’International Astrostatistics Association. È uno dei builder della missione Euclid. Crediti: S. Cavuoti «Secondo me una delle cose principali da fare è aumentare la percezione di scientificità, se mi passate il termine, di questo tipo di lavoro. Visto che al momento questo tipo di ricerca ha un’aura a volte negativa, in sostanza non viene percepita, spesso anche all’interno della stessa comunità scientifica, come un lavoro serio. Sicuramente queste attività andrebbero divulgate meglio sia al pubblico che alla comunità scientifica. In tal senso penso che sia stato importante che a questo workshop siano state invitate persone che non fossero strettamente dell’ambito del Seti in modo da avere una visione esterna. Io per primo non ho mai partecipato ad attività del Seti ma sono stato invitato in quanto esperto di AI». Quali sono le vostre raccomandazioni in merito? «Prima di tutto abbiamo nuovamente sottolineato che questo genere di ricerche va eseguito in modo coerente con la First Law of Seti Investigations. Bisogna poi sfruttare la potenzialità dell’Ai per identificare le anomalie presenti già adesso nei dataset delle grandi survey. Identificare prima e capire poi le anomalie nei dati è un task importantissimo a prescindere dalla vita extraterrestre perché rappresentano o problemi nei dati o oggetti rari o eventualmente una technosignature. Identificare gli errori ed etichettarli, sia per impedire ad altri di utilizzare dati non corretti sia per capire da dove nasce il problema e se possibile risolverlo, è di estrema importanza. Se non è un problema nei dati è un oggetto quantomeno raro, se non peculiare, che è degno di uno studio a sé stante e se non è neppure questo potrebbe essere una technosignature. Ad esempio nei dati che già abbiamo si potrebbe andare a cercare le sfere di Dyson o segnali di cui non riusciamo a spiegare il meccanismo fisico, infine si potrebbe provare a cercare una forma di comunicazione compressa nella variabilità di un Agn (che presumerebbe una civiltà di tipo 3 della scala di Kardašëv). Ad esempio, potrebbero modulare l’emissione ultravioletta dell’Agn alterando la temperatura della parte più interna del disco di accrescimento. L’obiettivo sarebbe sfruttare la luminosità naturale dell’Agn per farla percepire nell’universo, simile a come si modula un segnale con un transistor. Ci sono poi progetti che avrebbero una forte motivazione scientifica e che potrebbero portare a benefici anche in questo settore. Un esempio che abbiamo proposto sarebbe la realizzazione di una survey nel lontano infrarosso all-sky. Infine la ricerca di segnali, intenzionali o meno, nel sistema solare sarebbe un’altra possibile strada da esplorare». Questo tipo di ricerca da chi è finanziata? «La Nasa ha sempre portato avanti questo tipo di ricerca anche se chiaramente non sempre con la stessa intensità; non troppo tempo fa ha anche organizzato un workshop dedicato solo a questo. Il workshop di cui stiamo parlando è stato organizzato a spese del Keck Institute for Space Studies che è un istituto gestito congiuntamente da Caltech e Nasa Jpl su fondi della Keck Foundation, le Breakthrough Initiatives sono finanziate da una fondazione privata». Per saperne di più: Leggi su arXiv il report “Data-Driven Approaches to Searches for the Technosignatures of Advanced Civilizations” di Joseph W. Lazio, S. G. Djorgovski, Andrew Howard, Curt Cutler, Sofia Z. Sheikh, Stefano Cavuoti, Denise Herzing, Kiri Wagstaff, Jason T. Wright, Vishal Gajjar, Kevin Hand, Umaa Rebbapragada, Bruce Allen, Erica Cartmill, Jacob Foster, Dawn Gelino, Matthew J. Graham, Giuseppe Longo, Ashish A. Mahabal, Lior Pachter, Vikram Ravi e Gerald Sussman Read the full article
#Esa#esopianeta#extraterrestri#intelligenzaartificiale#machinelearning#Nasa#OANAPOLI#SETI#sferediDyson#technosignature
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"Planted by a lumber company about fifteen years ago, the expressive emblem is composed of larch, which turns yellow and drops its needles each year, amid a sea of Douglas fir"

Brendon Burton Captures Intimate Portraits of North America’s Metamorphosing Rural Landscapes
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Solar System SETI
Right! This is a premise moreso than a full fledged story idea. It was born, as so many of my sci fi short stories are, from listening to a visiting seminar speaker this spring who talked about the state of SETI research in the 2020s. SETI is Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence, basically the science of looking for intelligent alien species by searching for their technosignatures rather than biosignatures. So SETI is things like listening for radio transmissions, looking for heat signatures and transit dips from Dyson spheres, whereas biosignatures are like looking for the spectral lines of chlorophyll in the planetary spectra.
Two of the ongoing difficulties of SETI is a) how do you verify a potential detection so you can confidently say "yes, this is intelligent life" and b) how do you disseminate that information responsibly? It's easy to have sensationalized news journalism erode public trust by overstating detection claims (think of things like people claiming Oumuamua was an alien spaceship), and it's also easy to imagine that a real but unverifiable detection could be easily dismissed because it's not flashy enough. And to compound the issue, a lot of potential detections are fundamentally unverifiable, due to their one-off nature.
So the core idea of this story was... what if the Curiosity rover is bumping along on Mars and suddenly finds... an old, clearly artifical machine part. Except, it's not a part that we can readily identify as some piece of a previous mission. NASA keeps pretty good track of it's probes and the debris they leave lying around, so they can quickly rule out that it's part of any recent Mars mission. People start cooking up theories--maybe it's an old, undisclosed Soviet mission? But how on earth did the Soviets get to Mars that early? They send more rovers to check it out and the picture , only gets fuzzier. It's made from mundane materials, but nobody is quite sure what sort of machine it was supposed to be a part of? It seems to have convergent evolution to a lot of basic machine parts hear on earth but it doesn't match standard size specifications. It also seems way older and more weathered than we would expect from a cast off bit of a human mission.
The public goes wild with speculation, the scientific establishment alternates between struggling to explain it as a misplaced piece of human debris and something alien in origin. No single theory seems to adequately explain everything. At the end of the day, the implications are both groundshaking and fundamentally unprovable.
Science: Messy, thrilling, difficult, and often, in the end, extremely lacking in satisfying answers.
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Earth detecting Earth
A research team led by Dr. Sofia Sheikh of the SETI Institute, in collaboration with the Characterizing Atmospheric Technosignatures project and the Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, set out to answer a simple question: If an extraterrestrial civilization existed with technology similar to ours, would they be able to detect Earth and evidence of humanity? If so, what signals would they detect, and from how far away?
Researchers used a theoretical, modeling-based method, and this study is the first to analyze multiple types of technosignatures together rather than separately. The findings revealed that radio signals, such as planetary radar emissions from the former Arecibo Observatory, are Earth’s most detectable technosignatures, potentially visible from up to 12,000 light-years away.
Atmospheric technosignatures—such as nitrogen dioxide emissions—have become more detectable than they were a decade ago, thanks to advances in instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO). With HWO we could detect these emissions from as far as 5.7 light-years away, just beyond our closest stellar neighbor, Proxima Centauri.
Finally, as you get closer and closer to Earth, you would detect more and more human-made signatures simultaneously, including city lights, lasers, heat islands, and satellites, offering a comprehensive view of our technological presence.
"Our goal with this project was to bring SETI back 'down to Earth' for a moment and think about where we really are today with Earth's technosignatures and detection capabilities,” said Macy Huston, co-author and postdoc at the University of California, Berkeley, Department of Astronomy. “In SETI, we should never assume other life and technology would be just like ours, but quantifying what 'ours' means can help put SETI searches into perspective."
“One of the most satisfying aspects of this work was getting to use SETI as a cosmic mirror: what does Earth look like to the rest of the galaxy? And how would our current impacts on our planet be perceived,” said Sheikh. “While of course we cannot know the answer, this work allowed us to extrapolate and imagine what we might assume if we ever discover a planet, with, say, high concentrations of pollutants in its atmosphere."
SETI scientists search for advanced alien civilizations by looking for signs of technology -- signals or patterns that cannot be explained by natural phenomena that may indicate intelligent life. These signals are called technosignatures and come in various forms. Radio telescopes are the most commonly used tool for SETI searches. Researchers also use optical telescopes to scan for laser pulses that could indicate communication or propulsion patterns. Another approach involves studying the atmospheres of exoplanets in habitable zones around stars to look for chemical signatures that might suggest life or industrial activity. SETI scientists also consider technologies far beyond those currently invented on Earth, such as Dyson spheres, but these far-future technologies were not considered in this study.
This study demonstrates how Earth’s technosignatures can provide a multiwavelength framework for understanding the detectability of technology on other planets and shaping our search for intelligent life beyond Earth. Future telescopes and receivers could enhance our detection sensitivity or enable us to identify new types of technosignatures, such as such as other atmospheric signatures of pollution. Repeating this type of study over the years as astronomical technology advances and the human impact on the planet evolves could provide fresh insights and refine our approach to discovering extraterrestrial life.
TOP IMAGE: Earth Detecting Earth animation video by Zayna Sheikh Credit Zayna Sheikh
LOWER IMAGE: The maximum distances that each of Earth’s modern-day technosignatures could be detected at using modern-day receiving technology, in visual form. Also marked are various astronomical objects of interest. Credit SETI Institute
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#The WOW signal#aliens#SETI#pre seti#technosignatures#life blogging#exobiology#astrobiology#JTEM#iphone#photography#Eek
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Earth Detecting Earth? The SETI Institute investigation
If an extraterrestrial civilisation existed with technology similar to ours, would they be able to detect Earth and evidence of humanity? If so, what signals would they detect, and from how far away?
A research team led by Dr. Sofia Sheikh of the SETI Institute, in collaboration with the Characterizing Atmospheric Technosignatures project and the Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, set out to answer a simple question: If an extraterrestrial civilisation existed with technology similar to ours, would they be able to detect Earth and evidence of humanity? If so, what signals would…
#Astronomical Journal#downthetubes News#Habitable Worlds Observatory#James Webb Space Telescope#Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center#SETI Institute
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Embark on a celestial journey with today's episode of Astronomy Daily - The Podcast, where your host, Steve Dunkley, brings you the latest cosmic updates. We'll delve into the recent communication loss and recovery of Voyager One, and touch on Voyager Two's status. Also, we'll clarify the recent confusion about an emergency aboard the International Space Station. Our favorite topic this month, Starliner, has a minor delay but continues its work on the ISS. Hallie shares an intriguing story about the center of the universe, featuring an ensemble cast of Einstein and Hubble, and a surprising tale of space fish that could revolutionize how we sustain future Mars colonies.The SETI Institute has introduced a groundbreaking grants program to advance technosignature science, aiming to fund research that tackles observational, theoretical, and technical challenges in the quest for extraterrestrial technology. At the heart of this research is the Allen Telescope Array (ATA), a pivotal tool in detecting technosignatures. Dr. Andrew Simeon of the SETI Institute highlights the potential of this program to spur advancements in the technosignature field.Ever wondered where the center of the universe is? Despite common misconceptions, modern science reveals there is no center or edge to the universe. This episode explains the complex nature of the cosmos, drawing from Einstein's theory of general relativity and Hubble's discoveries.In a surprising twist, we explore the concept of space fish. New research suggests that fish could be raised in an aquatic system on Mars, with nutrient-rich water from fish tanks fertilizing plants grown in Martian regolith. This innovative approach could help sustain future Mars colonies and has potential applications for hostile environments on Earth.The ongoing Starliner saga sees NASA and Boeing targeting June 22 for the crew flight test mission's return from the ISS. The crew will perform additional tests and evaluations to prepare for future operational missions. NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams continue their tasks aboard the ISS, contributing to the space station team.Voyager One's instruments are back in business after a computer problem, continuing to provide invaluable data from interstellar space. Both Voyager spacecraft have far exceeded their design parameters, offering insights into plasma waves, magnetic fields, and particles.A recent NASA simulation exercise caused a stir with audio indicating a false emergency on the ISS. NASA clarified that the audio was part of a training exercise and not a real emergency, assuring that all crew members are safe and healthy.For an astronomical experience, visit our website at astronomydaily.io for the latest news, sign up for our free newsletter, and check out exclusive sponsor deals. Connect with us on YouTube, TikTok, X, and Facebook via @AstroDailyPod for engaging discussions with fellow space aficionados. This is Steve, reminding you to keep your gaze fixed on the heavens. Until our next stellar episode, let the cosmos ignite your curiosity and wonder. Clear skies and cosmic discoveries to all!Support: This podcast is better with your support: https://www.bitesz.com/show/astronomy-daily-the-podcast/support/ www.bitesz.com Sponsors: www.bitesz.com/nordpass https://www.bitesz.com/show/astronomy-daily-the-podcast/sponsors/
#allen#array#astronomy#edwin#einstein's#hubble#institute#international#of#one#science#seti#space#starliner#station#technosignature#telescope#theory#two#voyager
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Saw that post about the WOW! signal going around and how it "proves" aliens exist.
Well... no it doesn't, because there's a cosmological explanation now.
TL:DR, new research says the WOW! signal may have been a neutron star flare-up that lit up a cloud of hydrogen gas, creating the right frequency band with the right intensity for the right length of time. Every notable aspect of the signal is explained by this theory, intensity, frequency band, timing, location, blue shift, lack of repetition, lack of AM data.
I do not doubt that there is life out there in the universe, potentially even sapient life comparable to our own! However, I think it's extremely unlikely that any has existed long enough or close enough for their signals to have reached us yet; assuming they are even broadcasting powerfully enough in the first place (or at all).
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In the scientific astrobiology community this is kind of the vibe. Earth is actually a pretty unique planet for multiple reasons, though not necessarily the optimum even for complex animals, and when people talk about looking fir life elsewhere they’re mostly talking about signs of microbial life (though there are some people and organizations looking for technosignatures, signs of civilization).
It’s funny how science fiction universes so often treat humans as a boring, default everyman species or even the weakest and dumbest.
I want to see a sci fi universe where we’re actually considered one of the more hideous and terrifying species.
How do we know our saliva and skin oils wouldn’t be ultra-corrosive to most other sapient races? What if we actually have the strongest vocal chords and can paralyze or kill the inhabitants of other worlds just by screaming at them? What if most sentient life in the universe turns out to be vegetable-like and lives in fear of us rare “animal” races who can move so quickly and chew shit up with our teeth?
Like that old story “they’re made of meat,” only we’re scarier.
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