#what are data types in python

[pythoncoursetipsandtricks]

What are the data types in Python?

Python training It supports several built-in data types, which are fundamental for working with data and performing various operations. Here are the most common data types in Python:

Numeric Types

int: Represents integer values, both positive and negative.pythonCopy codemy_int = 42

float: Represents floating-point (decimal) numbers.pythonCopy codemy_float = 3.14159

complex: Represents complex numbers with a real and imaginary part.pythonCopy codemy_complex = 2 + 3j

Text Type

str: Represents strings, which are sequences of characters enclosed in single or double quotes.pythonCopy codemy_string = "Hello, Python!"

Sequence Types

list: Represents ordered collections of items. Lists can contain elements of different data types and are mutable.pythonCopy codemy_list = [1, 2, 3, "Python", True]

tuple: Similar to lists but immutable, meaning their contents cannot be changed once created.pythonCopy codemy_tuple = (1, 2, 3, "Python", True)

range: Represents a sequence of numbers, commonly used for iterations.pythonCopy codemy_range = range(1, 6) # Represents [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Mapping Type

dict: Represents dictionaries, which are collections of key-value pairs. Dictionaries are unordered.pythonCopy codemy_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}

Set Types

set: Represents an unordered collection of unique elements.pythonCopy codemy_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

frozenset: Similar to sets but immutable, meaning their contents cannot be changed after creation.pythonCopy codemy_frozenset = frozenset({1, 2, 3})

Boolean Type

bool: Represents Boolean values, either True or False.pythonCopy codeis_valid = True

Binary Types

bytes: Represents a sequence of bytes and is immutable.pythonCopy codemy_bytes = b"Hello"

bytearray: Similar to bytes but mutable.pythonCopy codemy_bytearray = bytearray([72, 101, 108, 108, 111])

None Type

NoneType: Represents the absence of a value or a null value. It is often used to indicate that a variable does not point to any object.pythonCopy codemy_var = None

[myprogrammingschool]

How much data can a python list hold?

How much data can a python list hold?

A Python list is a collection of items stored in a single place in memory. Lists are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values. Lists are created using square brackets [] and can contain any data type, including other lists. What is the maximum length of any list in Python The maximum length of any list in Python is determined by the amount of available memory on the system. In practice,…

[michaelscodingspace]

Python tuples: unveiling their power with a complete programming example

[oviraptoridae]

research & development is ongoing

since using jukebox for sampling material on albedo, i've been increasingly interested in ethically using ai as a tool to incorporate more into my own artwork. recently i've been experimenting with "commoncanvas", a stable diffusion model trained entirely on works in the creative commons. though i do not believe legality and ethics are equivalent, this provides me peace of mind that all of the training data was used consensually through the terms of the creative commons license. here's the paper on it for those who are curious! shoutout to @reachartwork for the inspiration & her informative posts about her process!

part 1: overview

i usually post finished works, so today i want to go more in depth & document the process of experimentation with a new medium. this is going to be a long and image-heavy post, most of it will be under the cut & i'll do my best to keep all the image descriptions concise.

for a point of reference, here is a digital collage i made a few weeks ago for the album i just released (shameless self promo), using photos from wikimedia commons and a render of a 3d model i made in blender:

and here are two images i made with the help of common canvas (though i did a lot of editing and post-processing, more on that process in a future post):

more about my process & findings under the cut, so this post doesn't get too long:

quick note for my setup: i am running this model locally on my own machine (rtx 3060, ubuntu 23.10), using the automatic1111 web ui. if you are on the same version of ubuntu as i am, note that you will probably have to build python 3.10.6 yourself (and be sure to use 'make altinstall' instead of 'make install' and change the line in the webui to use 'python3.10' instead of 'python3'. just mentioning this here because nobody else i could find had this exact problem and i had to figure it out myself)

part 2: initial exploration

all the images i'll be showing here are the raw outputs of the prompts given, with no retouching/regenerating/etc.

so: commoncanvas has 2 different types of models, the "C" and "NC" models, trained on their database of works under the CC Commercial and Non-Commercial licenses, respectively (i think the NC dataset also includes the commercial license works, but i may be wrong). the NC model is larger, but both have their unique strengths:

"a cat on the computer", "C" model

"a cat on the computer", "NC" model

they both take the same amount of time to generate (17 seconds for four 512x512 images on my 3060). if you're really looking for that early ai jank, go for the commercial model. one thing i really like about commoncanvas is that it's really good at reproducing the styles of photography i find most artistically compelling: photos taken by scientists and amateurs. (the following images will be described in the captions to avoid redundancy):

"grainy deep-sea rover photo of an octopus", "NC" model. note the motion blur on the marine snow, greenish lighting and harsh shadows here, like you see in photos taken by those rover submarines that scientists use to take photos of deep sea creatures (and less like ocean photography done for purely artistic reasons, which usually has better lighting and looks cleaner). the anatomy sucks, but the lighting and environment is perfect.

"beige computer on messy desk", "NC" model. the reflection of the flash on the screen, the reddish-brown wood, and the awkward angle and framing are all reminiscent of a photo taken by a forum user with a cheap digital camera in 2007.

so the noncommercial model is great for vernacular and scientific photography. what's the commercial model good for?

"blue dragon sitting on a stone by a river", "C" model. it's good for bad CGI dragons. whenever i request dragons of the commercial model, i either get things that look like photographs of toys/statues, or i get gamecube type CGI, and i love it.

here are two little green freaks i got while trying to refine a prompt to generate my fursona. (i never succeeded, and i forget the exact prompt i used). these look like spore creations and the background looks like a bryce render. i really don't know why there's so much bad cgi in the datasets and why the model loves going for cgi specifically for dragons, but it got me thinking...

"hollow tree in a magical forest, video game screenshot", "C" model

"knights in a dungeon, video game screenshot", "C" model

i love the dreamlike video game environments and strange CGI characters it produces-- it hits that specific era of video games that i grew up with super well.

part 3: use cases

if you've seen any of the visual art i've done to accompany my music projects, you know that i love making digital collages of surreal landscapes:

(this post is getting image heavy so i'll wrap up soon)

i'm interested in using this technology more, not as a replacement for my digital collage art, but along with it as just another tool in my toolbox. and of course...

... this isn't out of lack of skill to imagine or draw scifi/fantasy landscapes.

thank you for reading such a long post! i hope you got something out of this post; i think it's a good look into the "experimentation phase" of getting into a new medium. i'm not going into my post-processing / GIMP stuff in this post because it's already so long, but let me know if you want another post going into that!

good-faith discussion and questions are encouraged but i will disable comments if you don't behave yourselves. be kind to each other and keep it P.L.U.R.

[sunscreenstudies]

Iconic Things My Coding Professors Have Said (Part 2)

"windows is bad at following international standards because they think that they ARE the international standard"

"now i'm going to let you struggle for a while as you try to figure this out"

"mike in wonderland by lewis carroll. that would have been a much better book"

"before unicode, the world was an ugly place..."

"programming gives you a lot of power, but also a lot of power to do bad things... I'm looking at you walter" *PhD student/assistent professor Walter avoids eye contact, looking uncomfortable*

"extension codes are very versatile, great for lying, and quite fun to confuse your computer with"

"we don't have that much content to cover but it's VERY exciting content... at least i think so, but i'm also the kind of guy who thinks that finding an extra pair of socks when i thought they were all in the wash is exciting, so you probably shouldn't just trust my word for it"

"the first time i saw that notebook pop up i felt like i had a lot of power over the world so i hope you also get that mystical feeling today"

"in general, users are very stupid, as you know, so you need to guard what they enter into your system" *ten minutes later* "for example, the user might be stupid, as always" *ten minutes later* "but if your user is stupid, which is a common user fallacy - i'm sorry, you've probably realised by now i don't like users" *ten minutes later* "so here python is protecting you against yourself because, similar to users, we too can be stupid”

"so now, just because we like pain, how can we do this with a while loop?"

"You must close the memory address because you've opened the connection to that particular file. If you don't close it, you will lose that section of your memory. It's like going for a shower, you have to turn on the water, do unspeakable things, and then turn off the water. Opening and closing files is basic data hygiene"

"What would happen if i append to a non-existing file? ... no, you guys, i'm seriously asking, i have no idea, i don't know what this is going to do"

"now we're going to see something really cool! it's my life! no, i'm joking, that's the opposite of cool"

"that is a very good question, what do you think we should do to find the answer?" *student gives super complicated key command order to return an info help function on that one word of code and then lists even more complicated actions to actually make it understandable* "... That's definitely an option, but I was actually just going to suggest that we use google"

"there's this thing with files, where if you open them and don't close them, something horribly horribly wrong will occur, both on your computer and in your life because if you're the type of person who doesn't close files, then karma will do it's job"

"when you do this, nothing bad can happen... to your computer... that doesn’t include you"

Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7  | Part 8 

Part 9  | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14

[izicodes]

Hi! I’m a student currently learning computer science in college and would love it if you had any advice for a cool personal project to do? Thanks!

Personal Project Ideas

Hiya!! 💕

It's so cool that you're a computer science student, and with that, you have plenty of options for personal projects that can help with learning more from what they teach you at college. I don't have any experience being a university student however 😅

Someone asked me a very similar question before because I shared my projects list and they asked how I come up with project ideas - maybe this can inspire you too, here's the link to the post [LINK]

However, I'll be happy to share some ideas with you right now. Just a heads up: you can alter the projects to your own specific interests or goals in mind. Though it's a personal project meaning not an assignment from school, you can always personalise it to yourself as well! Also, I don't know the level you are, e.g. beginner or you're pretty confident in programming, if the project sounds hard, try to simplify it down - no need to go overboard!!

But here is the list I came up with (some are from my own list):

Personal Finance Tracker

A web app that tracks personal finances by integrating with bank APIs. You can use Python with Flask for the backend and React for the frontend. I think this would be great for learning how to work with APIs and how to build web applications 🏦

Online Food Ordering System

A web app that allows users to order food from a restaurant's menu. You can use PHP with Laravel for the backend and Vue.js for the frontend. This helps you learn how to work with databases (a key skill I believe) and how to build interactive user interfaces 🙌🏾

Movie Recommendation System

I see a lot of developers make this on Twitter and YouTube. It's a machine-learning project that recommends movies to users based on their past viewing habits. You can use Python with Pandas, Scikit-learn, and TensorFlow for the machine learning algorithms. Obviously, this helps you learn about how to build machine-learning models, and how to use libraries for data manipulation and analysis 📊

Image Recognition App

This is more geared towards app development if you're interested! It's an Android app that uses image recognition to identify objects in a photo. You can use Java or Kotlin for the Android development and TensorFlow for machine learning algorithms. Learning how to work with image recognition and how to build mobile applications - which is super cool 👀

Social Media Platform

(I really want to attempt this one soon) A web app that allows users to post, share, and interact with each other's content. Come up with a cool name for it! You can use Ruby on Rails for the backend and React for the frontend. This project would be great for learning how to build full-stack web applications (a plus cause that's a trend that companies are looking for in developers) and how to work with user authentication and authorization (another plus)! 🎭

Text-Based Adventure Game

If you're interested in game developments, you could make a simple game where users make choices and navigate through a story by typing text commands. You can use Python for the game logic and a library like Pygame for the graphics. This project would be great for learning how to build games and how to work with input/output. 🎮

Weather App

Pretty simple project - I did this for my apprenticeship and coding night classes! It's a web app that displays weather information for a user's location. You can use Node.js with Express for the backend and React for the frontend. Working with APIs again, how to handle asynchronous programming, and how to build responsive user interfaces! 🌈

Online Quiz Game

A web app that allows users to take quizzes and compete with other players. You could personalise it to a module you're studying right now - making a whole quiz application for it will definitely help you study! You can use PHP with Laravel for the backend and Vue.js for the frontend. You get to work with databases, build real-time applications, and maybe work with user authentication. 🧮

Chatbot

(My favourite, I'm currently planning for this one!) A chatbot that can answer user questions and provide information. You can use Python with Flask for the backend and a natural language processing library like NLTK for the chatbot logic. If you want to mauke it more beginner friendly, you could use HTML, CSS and JavaScript and have hard-coded answers set, maybe use a bunch of APIs for the answers etc! This project would be great because you get to learn how to build chatbots, and how to work with natural language processing - if you go that far! 🤖

Another place I get inspiration for more web frontend dev projects is on Behance and Pinterest - on Pinterest search for like "Web design" or "[Specific project] web design e.g. shopping web design" and I get inspiration from a bunch of pins I put together! Maybe try that out!

I hope this helps and good luck with your project!

[bandarrrrr]

So I studied the basics about Python today, what are variables and the rules about it, what are data types and what are the different kinds of inputs, learned a lot about the conditional statements and I still have to work on my syntax because it kept throwing errors whenever I ran a conditional statement. In all had a great Day 1, looking forward to tomorrow and lesseee what happens.

[maxillo]

ik im probably so late to the daves pc thing but i made logs. woe stuff be upon ye. wish i could put something under a cut here cause its massive spoilers to original d&b lore but whatever

BOO PRETEND THERE IS A CUT HERE. UM. DO NOT LOOK AT IMAGES BELOW IF YOU HAVENT DEEP DIVED INTO D&B LORE YET !!!!

LOL okay Im a nerd so I can explain this one, these do actually mean something

TF-IDF is an acronym for term frequency-inverse document frequency, it's a specific formula within information retrieval that essentially evaluates the "aboutness" of a document relative to other documents in a provided group by ranking how often a word is used in one doc versus the group.

basically what that means: say you have three documents, and only one of them contains the word "fire". that word would be ranked as being very descriptive of that one document. whereas if "and" shows up in all three, it would be ranked as not very descriptive, since they all share it in common. this essentially filters out stopwords (articles, conjunctions and other common words that don't have semantic meaning on their own, like "and", "he", "but", "is", "there") from most kinds of text, with some exceptions.

pandas, on the other hand, is a type of Python module that allows you to analyze and represent data in various ways, such as for TF-IDF!

it's funny you bring up Ren'py because I've actually used that before and it's how I got my start into programming by making little games for myself

[mr-abhishek-kumar]

Interning in python, what is it.

Python uses a technique called interning to store small and unchanging values in memory. Interning means that Python only stores one copy of an object in memory, even if multiple variables reference it. This saves memory and improves performance.

Integers are one of the types of objects that are interned in Python. This means that all integer objects from -5 to 256 are stored in the same memory location. This is why the integer object is the same in memory for the following code:

Python

a = 10 b = 10 print(a is b)

Output:

True

However, interning is not applied to all objects in Python. For example, lists and other more complex data types are not interned. This means that every time you create a new list, a new memory space is allocated for it, even if the list contains the same elements as an existing list.

It is important to note that interning can be disabled in Python. To do this, you can set the sys.intern variable to False. However, this is not recommended, as it can lead to performance problems.

Here are some additional benefits of interning:

It reduces the number of objects that need to be garbage collected.

It makes it easier to compare objects for equality.

It can improve the performance of operations that involve objects, such as hashing and object lookups.

Overall, interning is a powerful technique that Python uses to improve memory usage and performance.

[vexacarnivorous]

Do you know where to starts with programming? I want to learn but there’s so many types of codes and systems that I don’t know where to start.

Ultimately, it depends entirely on what you want to do with programming. Do you want to make websites? HTML, CSS & Javascript (in that order). Do you want to make games? C++, Java or Lua. I myself am learning Python (as well as HTML and CSS), which is a general-purpose language that's good for data science, machine learning and web development and is often recommended for beginners. You can learn more about different programming languages here, since it seems like you're overwhelmed because there's so many options (understandable).

HTML and Python is often said to be the easiest to learn, so if you're really stuck, you can start there. If you want to learn Python, I answered an ask recently about where you can learn it.

For any websites that I recommend you use, try The Odin Project (primarily for web development learning) - I've tried it out and I recommend it, and they focus on trying to teach you practically. Another good website is freecodecamp, which has more varied options! I also suggest you search up "coding exercises" on your search engine of choice to practice your coding knowledge, since just learning programming on Codecademy or whatever won't really hammer it in. There's heaps of sites for exercises like Exercism, Project Euler, LeetCode, etc.

If you're still not satisfied, I've also heard someone recommend this course before, but I've never tried it. I hope this helped!

[gomzdrawfr]

hiii Im not sure if you're still on your car ride ummmh ignore if you're not haha but I was wondering if you have more than one cod oc? :D

I love PriceRaven and recently GhostRaven 👀👀 a lot!! So I got curious

Im at home now but its ok LMAO you can always ask me things anytime

well I have another few more OCs that doesn't have a thorough lore and attention Raven gets, or I haven't decide if I want to place them in the COD universe

they're more like a concept- lil gremlins in my head yk HAHA but I'll introduce you to a few

First off in Raven's cannon universe, there are 3-4 more OCs that exist Vik and Archi, which are Raven's adoptive parents and the founder of Cobra (I don't have a face for Archi yet sadly, technically also for Vik too, cant decide a face for him + bonus Cobra insignia) -> also the main antagonist in Raven's timeline (these are old doodles)

Second is Fish, he's a Medic OC who ironically doesn't want to live while saving other's live (rather dubiously, he decides everything with a flip of a coin) -> not sure if Im making him exist in COD universe because he's just more like a guy I ship with my friend's oc with

Third and Fourth is still a process Im thinking (it's been a few months send help)

the idea is this, this new OC is a weapons specialist/engineer or munitions system specialist (basically a personnel focusing more on storage, handling, and maintenance of weapons, ammunition, and explosives)

they're one of the few people Raven trust and are close acquaintances with in Cobra

when I was brainstorming this new OC some friends suggested making it a twin, hence third or fourth

Nothing much has gone into them besides the idea is that they carry a huge plushie around and inside its their rifles XD and I want them to be ridiculously tall

They're probably going to be the type that doesn't talk much and knows sign language, owns like a real fancy garage / workshop to tinker with items and such

They operate based on their own virtue, so after Cobra betrays Raven they left Cobra as well and sort of went off their own ways

They also helped Raven in more ways than one:

sending intel to Price to let him know she was majorly injured (they couldn't meddle in because they were still active Cobra members at that time)

wiped out "Python" data(her old callsign when she was in Cobra) and retrieved what's left of her belongings(her precious sniper)

assisted her and Price's loadout situation after mw3 when they have to go under the radar for a period of time on their own

im just really bad at coming up a character design so I've put off these for so long (Raven took like legit 8 months ish to finalize her design - that's a lie there are still things Im changing for her HAHA)

If you have an OC you want to ramble about you can info dump in my inbox :3 I love reading it

[astridvalencia]

How to Learn Programming?

Learning to code can be a rewarding and empowering journey. Here are some steps to help you get started:

Define Your Purpose:

Understand why you want to learn to code. Whether it's for a career change, personal projects, or just for fun, having a clear goal will guide your learning path.

Choose a Programming Language:

Select a language based on your goals. For beginners, languages like Python, JavaScript, or Ruby are often recommended due to their readability and versatility.

Start with the Basics:

Familiarize yourself with fundamental concepts such as variables, data types, loops, and conditional statements. Online platforms like Codecademy, Khan Academy, or freeCodeCamp offer interactive lessons.

Practice Regularly:

Coding is a skill that improves with practice. Set aside dedicated time each day or week to code and reinforce what you've learned.

Build Simple Projects:

Apply your knowledge by working on small projects. This helps you gain hands-on experience and keeps you motivated.

Read Code:

Study existing code, whether it's open-source projects or examples in documentation. This helps you understand different coding styles and best practices.

Ask for Help:

Don't hesitate to ask questions on forums like Stack Overflow or Reddit when you encounter difficulties. Learning from others and getting feedback is crucial.

Join Coding Communities:

Engage with the coding community to stay motivated and learn from others. Platforms like GitHub, Stack Overflow, and coding forums provide opportunities to connect with fellow learners and experienced developers.

Explore Specializations:

As you gain more experience, explore different areas like web development, data science, machine learning, or mobile app development. Specializing can open up more opportunities and align with your interests.

Read Documentation:

Learn to navigate documentation for programming languages and libraries. It's a crucial skill for developers, as it helps you understand how to use different tools and resources effectively.

Stay Updated:

The tech industry evolves rapidly. Follow coding blogs, subscribe to newsletters, and stay informed about new developments and best practices.

Build a Portfolio:

Showcase your projects on platforms like GitHub to create a portfolio. It demonstrates your skills to potential employers or collaborators.

Remember, learning to code is a continuous process, and it's okay to face challenges along the way. Stay persistent, break down complex problems, and celebrate small victories.

[goldeneducation]

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[nyanpasuuna]

Favorite programming language?

honestly? kind of a basic answer but i default to python whenever i need to make something in my free time, it's just so much more hassle-free than other languages in the ways that help me skip the small obstacles at the start and along the way that ADHD would not let me get past otherwise

for something cooler and more specialized: Pure Data, a visual programming language for audio/music/synthesizer type stuff, i was making a synth from scratch in that years back and even planned on running it off a Raspberry Pi or something with a specific midi controller as its interface (i might still have the control layout plans somewhere)

what i do NOT have is the code itself, like 2 weeks after starting the project the hard drive it was on died

though i have literally just earlier this week looked into finally attempting data recovery on that drive so maybe i can revive it after all this time after all?

anyway yeah i've done audio/DSP stuff in other languages more recently than that but not in languages as cool or unique as that one

[tia003]

What is a Python variable?

A Python variable is a symbolic name that references or points to a value stored in memory. Variables are used to store data that can be manipulated and referenced throughout a program. In Python, you don't need to declare the type of variable explicitly; instead, you simply assign a value to it using the equals (=) sign. For example, x = 10 creates a variable x that holds the value 10. Variables can store various data types, such as integers, strings, or lists.

[izicodes]

Dynamically vs Statically-Typed Programming Languages

Hiya!🌍💻 I know I haven't done one of these posts in a while but now I came up with a new topic to talk about!

Today, we're going to dive into the world of programming languages and explore the differences between dynamically-typed and statically-typed ones. I actually got the idea from explaining the whole difference between languages such as C# and Java to Lua and Python! Also just wanted to talk about how various languages handle data types~! So, buckle up, and let's get started~! 🚀

The Main Difference

It all lies in how they handle data types:

In a dynamically-typed language, the type of a variable is determined at runtime, which means you don't have to specify the type explicitly when declaring a variable.

In a statically-typed language, the type of a variable is determined at compile-time, and you must declare the type explicitly when defining a variable.

Example Code

Not getting the picture of what I'm talking about? No worries, let's take a look at some code examples to illustrate the difference. I'll use my beloved Lua (a dynamically-typed language) and C# (a statically-typed language)~!

Lua

C#

In the Lua example, we can see that we don't need to specify the data type of the variable x. We can even change its type later in the code and it would still work!

In the C# example, we must specify the data type of x when declaring it, and attempting to change its type later will result in a compile-time error. Remember though, you can convert an int to string in C# via 'Convert.ToString()'!

Recap!

In dynamically-typed language, the type of a variable is determined at runtime.

Lua, Python, and JavaScript are programming languages that are dynamically typed.

In a statically-typed language, the type of a variable is determined at compile-time.

C#, Java, and Go are programming languages that are statically typed.

Obviously, there is more to know about each type as dynamically-typed and statically-typed languages each have their advantages and disadvantages - but I wanted to focus more on the data type declaration part~!

Here are some further reading pages:

Dynamic Typing vs Static Typing - LINK

Advantages and Disadvantages of Dynamic and Static Typing - LINK

That's all, thanks for reading, and hope you learned something new! Happy coding, folks~! 🌟💻🚀