#what is vlan and how to configure it

[kbrosis]

What is VLAN and how it does works

In today’s fast-evolving technology, managing and securing data traffic is very crucial and important. In Shared LAN there are multiple constraints including a single domain, no segmentation, Security issues, and less control, but Industries are more concerned and focused on security. Virtual LANs a tools or technology for efficiently dividing and organizing networks in segmentation. The aim of…

[andmaybegayer]

Last Monday of the Week 2024-12-09

Continually looking up "what day is christmas" and then forgetting almost immediately. This is not a bit I keep forgetting whether it's the 23rd the 24th or the 25th.

Listening: Bandcamp Friday! Posted about that here:

Watching: Not much.

Reading: A mix of 3D printing stuff and, still, work research, mostly about network configuration, because I'm trying to run a stupid complicated mlag vlan setup with trunked ports on the host side which is especially hard because this is basically my first time touching managed network hardware. Everything I know about vlans until like two weeks ago is theoretical.

3D printing stuff involves both some materials science and some interesting basic introductory stuff on hybrid fluid dynamics and solids simulations that because I want to try and do some structural simulations, it looks like there's some plugins for OpenFOAM that render this doable, just.

Making: New printer! Some test prints to get that up and running. Aborted a skull print because it seems like the printbed this came with is much less sticky than I'm used to, figuring out how to use that correctly.

Trying to fix the dead Ender 3 SE, which appears to have kerploded its power supply dramatically, link to that saga here

Some quilting with my partner, we are good at very different parts of sewing, they do knitting and crochet and worked shop tailor work for a while but are pretty weak at hand sewing, I do a lot of hand sewing and embroidery but I only barely know how to knit and crochet scares me.

Playing: A lot of Cyberpunk 2077, which I picked up in the steam sale as my one Big Game.

I have a lot of thoughts. This has very good writing for a Video Game RPG, especially one with such limited dialogue. I think being fictional helps its world feel much more real than say, GTA V, which is good at simulating a lot of things but I think struggles with the final hurdle, despite being in many ways much deeper than Cyberpunk.

Playing on Hard, which I think is a nice balance of letting your actions actually deal damage and feeling as deadly as Cyberpunk games are meant to feel.

Tools and Equipment: Compact powered screwdrivers are a real godsend, I have that Xiaomi multibit set and it's really worth the price of admission when you're working on something that is just full of screws.

[dreamcatcher-roulette]

Anonymous asked:

Really awesome post! 🙇‍♀️ Some of what you shared is beyond my understanding 😅 but that also makes it educational (thank you for the links to sources, that HEVC haunted link!) Also the bit about upscaling decisions 🥲 I don't think we can make assumptions about how long things last on the "internet" (harder to find 🥲, removed/made private, etc.), so I definitely appreciate your effort to archive/back up stuff 🫰🙇‍♀️

This is a fake ask because I wanted to remove the links at the bottom (I appreciate them, just nervous about re-sharing) but did want to respond to the rest of it. Specifically, if you are even moderately interested in my nerd tangents, I cannot pass up the opportunity to gush about how cool RAID is as a concept.

You’re right that everything on the internet either lasts forever or just not long enough for you to save it, depending on what is most inconvenient at the time. It is both an access and a preservation problem. The YouTubes of the world aren’t likely to lose data accidentally (just deliberately stop you from seeing it) but as soon as you start trying to make personal backups you have to factor hardware failure into the equation. Disks fail. Backblaze publish some cool statistics on exactly how often. Keeping a backup of anything critical on a single hard drive is playing with fire, it's not a matter of if, it's a matter of when if you have plans to keep it for more than a decade (although they do show warning signs, so if you're regularly monitoring S.M.A.R.T test results its less likely to happen completely out of the blue).

My backups are currently stored in a RAID 5 configuration (specifically, a ZFS RAIDZ1 pool). That means I can yank any of the four disks out at random and everything will continue operating completely normally. In the event of a drive failure, inserting a new empty drive of equal or greater capacity will allow the system to rebuild the content the old one was holding onto the new one, resulting, upon completion, of a configuration that once again allows any disk at random to be pulled without data loss. The main vulnerability here is that two failures in quick succession are completely unrecoverable (the contents of 2/4 drives are utter gibberish and cannot be deciphered without at least one more from the original pool). My drives are purchased from different batches but from the same manufacturer, so there is still potential for common cause failures (one of the risk factors also just being that they are of similar ages). When I originally built this system I was happy with the level of risk involved with a rebuild event, but recently I've been thinking recently of moving it over to a RAIDZ2 (two disks of redundancy) instead. It isn't possible to "upgrade" an existing pool like that you have to do a complete rebuild, but my friend has an external backup server on my local network (well, its not, it's currently in a separate VLAN, but that can be changed) I can use to temporarily shift my stuff over to before moving it back. The new pool would be 6 wide with 2 disks of redundancy as there's no point in RAIDZ2 with 4 disks (that's just a mirrored pool) so I would also gain a disk's worth of capacity in the progress, but lose two disks worth of money from my bank account, which is why I haven't done it yet.

Oh also, as a final note, computers are not as infallible as they are made out to be. While the chance is very low, it is never zero that a cosmic ray causes a bit flip somewhere critical and unrecoverable to the program which needed it. Ever had a completely random crash that you've never been able to reproduce? Well, it probably wasn't a cosmic ray. But it could have been! This is the kind of stuff I think about for a living ;)

[react-js-state-1]

The Hidden Hero of Software Success: Inside EDSPL’s Unmatched Testing & QA Framework

When a software product goes live without glitches, users often marvel at its speed, design, or functionality. What they don’t see is the invisible layer of discipline, precision, and strategy that made it possible — Testing and Quality Assurance (QA). At EDSPL, QA isn’t just a step in the process; it’s the very spine that supports software integrity from start to finish.

As digital applications grow more interconnected, especially with advancements in network security, cloud security, application security, and infrastructure domains like routing, switching, and mobility, quality assurance becomes the glue holding it all together. EDSPL’s comprehensive QA and testing framework has been fine-tuned to ensure consistent performance, reliability, and security — no matter how complex the software environment.

Let’s go behind the scenes of EDSPL’s QA approach to understand why it is a hidden hero in modern software success.

Why QA Is More Crucial Than Ever

The software ecosystem is no longer siloed. Enterprises now rely on integrated systems that span cloud platforms, APIs, mobile devices, and legacy systems — all of which need to work in sync without error.

From safeguarding sensitive data through network security protocols to validating business-critical workflows on the cloud, EDSPL ensures that testing extends beyond functionality. It is a guardrail for security, compliance, performance, and user trust.

Without rigorous QA, a minor bug in a login screen could lead to a vulnerability that compromises an entire system. EDSPL prevents these catastrophes by placing QA at the heart of its delivery model.

QA Touchpoints Across EDSPL’s Service Spectrum

Let’s explore how EDSPL’s testing excellence integrates into different service domains.

1. Ensuring Safe Digital Highways through Network Security

In an era where cyber threats can cripple operations, QA isn’t just about validating code — it’s about verifying that security holds up under stress. EDSPL incorporates penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and simulation-based security testing into its QA model to validate:

Firewall behavior

Data leakage prevention

Encryption mechanisms

Network segmentation efficacy

By integrating QA with network security, EDSPL ensures clients launch digitally fortified applications.

2. Reliable Application Delivery on the Cloud

Cloud-native and hybrid applications are central to enterprise growth, but they also introduce shared responsibility models. EDSPL’s QA ensures that deployment across cloud platforms is:

Secure from misconfigurations

Optimized for performance

Compliant with governance standards

Whether it’s AWS, Azure, or GCP, EDSPL’s QA framework validates data access policies, scalability limits, and containerized environments. This ensures smooth delivery across the cloud with airtight cloud security guarantees.

3. Stress-Testing Application Security

Modern applications are constantly exposed to APIs, users, and third-party integrations. EDSPL includes robust application security testing as part of QA by simulating real-world attacks and identifying:

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities

SQL injection points

Broken authentication scenarios

API endpoint weaknesses

By using both manual and automated testing methods, EDSPL ensures applications are resilient to threat vectors and function smoothly across platforms.

4. Validating Enterprise Network Logic through Routing and Switching

Routing and switching are the operational backbone of any connected system. When software solutions interact with infrastructure-level components, QA plays a key role in ensuring:

Data packets travel securely and efficiently

VLANs are correctly configured

Dynamic routing protocols function without interruption

Failover and redundancy mechanisms are effective

EDSPL’s QA team uses emulators and simulation tools to test against varied network topologies and configurations. This level of QA ensures that software remains robust across different environments.

5. Securing Agile Teams on the Move with Mobility Testing

With a growing mobile workforce, enterprise applications must be optimized for mobile-first use cases. EDSPL’s QA team conducts deep mobility testing that includes:

Device compatibility across Android/iOS

Network condition simulation (3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi)

Real-time responsiveness

Security over public networks

Mobile-specific security testing (root detection, data sandboxing, etc.)

This ensures that enterprise mobility solutions are secure, efficient, and universally accessible.

6. QA for Integrated Services

At its core, EDSPL offers an integrated suite of IT and software services. QA is embedded across all of them — from full-stack development to API design, cloud deployment, infrastructure automation, and cybersecurity.

Key QA activities include:

Regression testing for evolving features

Functional and integration testing across service boundaries

Automation testing to reduce human error

Performance benchmarking under realistic conditions

Whether it's launching a government portal or a fintech app, EDSPL's services rely on QA to deliver dependable digital experiences.

The QA Framework: Built for Resilience and Speed

EDSPL has invested in building a QA framework that balances speed with precision. Here's what defines it:

1. Shift-Left Testing

QA begins during requirements gathering, not after development. This reduces costs, eliminates rework, and aligns product strategy with user needs.

2. Continuous Integration & Automated Testing

Automation tools are deeply integrated with CI/CD pipelines to support agile delivery. Tests run with every commit, giving developers instant feedback and reducing deployment delays.

3. Security-First QA Culture

Security checks are integrated into every QA cycle, not treated as separate audits. This creates a proactive defense mechanism and encourages developers to write secure code from day one.

4. Test Data Management

EDSPL uses production-simulated datasets to ensure test scenarios reflect real-world user behavior. This improves defect prediction and minimizes surprises post-launch.

5. Reporting & Metrics

QA results are analyzed using KPIs like defect leakage rate, test coverage, mean time to resolve, and user-reported issue rates. These metrics drive continuous improvement.

Case Studies: Impact Through Quality

A National Education Platform

EDSPL was tasked with launching a high-traffic education portal with live video, assessments, and resource sharing. The QA team created an end-to-end test architecture including performance, usability, and application security testing.

Results:

99.9% uptime during national rollout

Zero critical issues in the first 90 days

100K+ concurrent users supported with no lag

A Banking App with Cloud-Native Architecture

A private bank chose EDSPL for QA on a mobile app deployed on the cloud. The QA team validated the app’s security posture, cloud security, and resilience under high load.

Results:

Passed all OWASP compliance checks

Load testing confirmed 5000+ concurrent sessions

Automated testing reduced release cycles by 40%

Future-Ready QA: AI, RPA, and Autonomous Testing

EDSPL’s QA roadmap includes:

AI-based test generation from user behavior patterns

Self-healing automation for flaky test cases

RPA integration for business process validation

Predictive QA using machine learning to forecast defects

These capabilities ensure that EDSPL’s QA framework not only adapts to today’s demands but also evolves with future technologies.

Conclusion: Behind Every Great Software Is Greater QA

While marketing, development, and design get much of the spotlight, software success is impossible without a strong QA foundation. At EDSPL, testing is not a checkbox — it’s a commitment to excellence, safety, and performance.

From network security to cloud security, from routing to mobility, QA is integrated into every layer of the digital infrastructure. It is the thread that ties all services together into a reliable, secure, and scalable product offering.

When businesses choose EDSPL, they’re not just buying software — they’re investing in peace of mind, powered by an unmatched QA framework.

Visit this website to know more — https://www.edspl.net/

[marketingtraininginchandigarh]

What is CCNA Certification?

The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification is one of the most popular entry-level IT certifications globally, designed and offered by Cisco Systems, a leading company in networking and telecommunications. This credential validates a professional's ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks. It also includes the verification and implementation of connections to remote sites in a WAN.

For individuals starting a career in IT, especially in networking, the CCNA acts as a solid foundation. It covers fundamental concepts that help in building a long-term career in computer networking, cybersecurity, and other related domains.

Background of CCNA

Cisco introduced the CCNA certification in 1998, aiming to standardize the foundational networking knowledge required for entry-level network engineers. Since its inception, the certification has undergone numerous updates to keep pace with evolving technologies, such as cloud computing, automation, and cybersecurity.

As of 2020, Cisco streamlined its certification process, consolidating multiple CCNA specializations (e.g., CCNA Security, CCNA Wireless) into a single, comprehensive CCNA exam that covers a broader range of networking fundamentals.

Who Should Take the CCNA?

The CCNA is best suited for:

Entry-level IT professionals

Network support engineers

Network administrators

Help desk engineers

Aspiring network engineers

Computer science or IT students

Even professionals in non-networking IT roles often pursue the CCNA to broaden their understanding of how networks function.

Topics Covered in CCNA

The CCNA 200-301 exam, which is the current version as of 2025, tests a candidate’s knowledge in several areas, including:

1. Network Fundamentals

OSI and TCP/IP models

IP addressing (IPv4 and IPv6)

Subnetting

Ethernet and data encapsulation

Cables, switches, routers, and other hardware

2. Network Access

VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks)

Inter-switch communication

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Wireless networking basics

3. IP Connectivity

Static and dynamic routing (RIP, OSPF)

Default routing

Troubleshooting routing issues

4. IP Services

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

NAT (Network Address Translation)

DNS (Domain Name System)

QoS (Quality of Service)

5. Security Fundamentals

Firewall basics

VPNs

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Device security using passwords and SSH

6. Automation and Programmability

Introduction to network automation tools

APIs and Cisco DNA Center

JSON, REST, and basic Python scripting (awareness level)

Benefits of CCNA Certification

1. Globally Recognized Credential

CCNA is one of the most respected certifications in the IT industry. It’s recognized by employers around the world, opening doors to jobs in both local and international markets.

2. Stronger Networking Knowledge

Whether you're new to networking or already working in IT, preparing for the CCNA gives you a solid grounding in networking principles, device configuration, and troubleshooting.

3. Better Job Opportunities

CCNA-certified professionals are eligible for roles such as:

Network Technician

Network Administrator

Systems Engineer

IT Support Specialist

4. Higher Salary Potential

According to industry surveys, CCNA-certified individuals earn significantly more than their non-certified peers. In India, for example, entry-level salaries for CCNA-certified professionals typically range from ₹3 to ₹6 lakhs per annum, depending on experience and location.

5. Foundation for Higher Certifications

CCNA is a stepping stone to more advanced Cisco certifications like:

CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional)

CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert)

It also lays the groundwork for other vendor certifications in networking and security.

CCNA Exam Details

As of now, Cisco’s CCNA certification is awarded after passing a single exam:

Exam Code: 200-301 CCNA

Duration: 120 minutes

Format: Multiple-choice, drag-and-drop, simulation-based questions

Languages: English and Japanese

Cost: Approximately $300 USD (price may vary by country)

Prerequisites: None officially, but basic IT and networking knowledge is recommended

Candidates can take the exam at a Pearson VUE test center or online through proctored delivery.

How to Prepare for the CCNA Exam

1. Official Cisco Training

Cisco offers instructor-led training known as “Implementing and Administering Cisco Solutions (CCNA)”, which is a comprehensive course aligned with the exam.

2. Self-Study Resources

Cisco Press books like “CCNA 200-301 Official Cert Guide”

Video courses on platforms like Udemy, LinkedIn Learning, and Coursera

Cisco Packet Tracer (a free network simulation tool)

Lab practice with real or virtual equipment (e.g., GNS3, Cisco VIRL)

3. Practice Tests

Mock exams help assess readiness and simulate the actual exam environment. Many websites offer free and paid CCNA practice questions.

4. Join Study Groups

Networking with others preparing for the exam helps with knowledge exchange and staying motivated.

Is the CCNA Worth It in 2025?

Yes, the CCNA remains highly relevant and valuable in 2025, especially with the growing need for secure, reliable, and high-speed networking infrastructure. As organizations increasingly move toward hybrid cloud and remote work setups, network engineers and IT professionals play a more critical role.

Despite newer technologies and evolving job roles, the fundamentals of networking still serve as the bedrock for IT systems. Cisco has also modernized the CCNA to include topics like automation and programmability, ensuring that candidates are prepared for today’s IT environment.

Challenges in Earning CCNA

While the CCNA is considered an entry-level certification, it is not necessarily easy. Candidates often face challenges such as:

Understanding subnetting and IP addressing

Learning command-line configurations using Cisco IOS

Grasping routing protocols like OSPF

Staying current with evolving exam topics

However, with dedicated study and consistent practice, most candidates can pass the exam in 2 to 4 months.

Recertification and Validity

The CCNA certification is valid for 3 years from the date of passing the exam. To recertify, candidates can:

Retake the CCNA exam

Pass any higher-level Cisco certification (e.g., CCNP)

Earn Continuing Education (CE) credits via Cisco’s CE program

This ensures professionals remain current with industry standards and technological advancements.

Alternatives and Complementary Certifications

While CCNA is an excellent start, other certifications may be pursued alongside or after it:

Alternatives:

CompTIA Network+ – more vendor-neutral but less advanced

Juniper JNCIA – for networks using Juniper devices

Complementary:

Cisco DevNet Associate – focuses on network automation and software skills

CompTIA Security+ – covers cybersecurity fundamentals

Microsoft Certified: Azure Fundamentals – useful for cloud integration

Conclusion

The CCNA certification is a powerful credential for anyone seeking a career in networking and IT infrastructure. It provides a strong technical foundation, industry recognition, and opportunities for professional growth. Whether you’re a student, a recent graduate, or someone switching careers, earning the CCNA can open numerous doors in the tech industry.

As technology evolves, so does the role of the network engineer. The CCNA ensures you're not only equipped to handle today’s networking challenges but also prepared for tomorrow’s innovations.

[nakshtechnology11]

Boost Your Industrial Network with SCALANCE Switch Solutions 

A reliable and secure communication infrastructure is the backbone of efficient operations in the era of smart manufacturing and industrial automation. SCALANCE Switch - a powerful industrial networking device developed by Siemens - is one of the core elements acting as a facilitator for this infrastructure. Designed for the harsh industrial environment, SCALANCE switches provide uninterrupted and forceful data transfer across your entire automation network. 

What is a SCALANCE Switch? 

A SCALANCE Switch is an industrial type of Ethernet switch manufactured by Siemens, specifically designed for rugged environments requiring critical operations in industries such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and utilities. These switches can be both managed and unmanaged, providing deployment flexibility depending on the complexity of the network to control. 

SCALANCE switches are highly capable of setting up secure and scalable industrial communication networks. Their special features such as being redundant, supporting VLAN, diagnostics, and real-time communication make them the perfect fit for automation systems that work on PROFINET or some other industrial protocol. 

Types of SCALANCE Switches 

Siemens designs a wide array of SCALANCE switches tailored for specific industrial application requirements: 

SCALANCE X-000 / X-100 Unmanaged Switches: The only choice for simple application scenarios without configuration requirements. 

SCALANCE X-200 / X-300 Managed Switches: These switches present an ideal solution for advanced industrial communication features, including port monitoring, redundancy protocols, and VLAN configuration. 

SCALANCE X-500 Modular Switches: These switches are best for large, complex networks with high-speed requirements for modular expansion. 

SCALANCE XC / XR Industrial Ethernet Switches: Rugged models that endure harsh industrial environments.  

Discover how the many capabilities of SCALANCE Switch can empower greater enhancement of your industry networks, ensuring smooth communication across all automation systems. 

Why Choose Siemens SCALANCE? 

The Siemens SCALANCE family of switches has been designed for industrial environments considering long-term reliability and cybersecurity. Key features include: 

Industrial-Grade Durability: Resistance to dust, vibration, temperature extremes, and humidity. 

High Network Availability: Supports ring redundancy, RSTP, and MRP for fault-tolerant systems. 

Easy Integration: Fully compatible with PROFINET Switch configurations for seamless communication within Siemens-based automation systems. 

Network Diagnostics: Managed switches would provide diagnostic and monitoring tools in real time for proactive network detection and resolution of problems. 

SCALANCE Switch in PROFINET Networks 

The SCALANCE Switch, being a PROFINET Switch, is secure and optimized for deterministic data transmission and real-time control applications. These switches guarantee minimal latency and maximum uptime, which is the need for time-critical applications where robotics, machine control, or process automation are involved. 

The SCALANCE switches provide a fast and accurate data exchange between PLCs, HMIs, and field devices to put up a responsive and scalable Industrial Network Switch infrastructure. 

Conclusion 

Whenever you want to improve industrial communication network with solid and high-performance switching technology, the SCALANCE Switch line from Siemens serves as the best-recommended solution. From a simple unmanaged solution to a full-blown managed switch for complicated systems, SCALANCE has the required flexibility and robustness for industrial usage. 

Naksh Technology Solutions LLP is an eminent supplier of Siemens automation products, including the entire gamut of Siemens SCALANCE switches. With sincere support and genuine products, Naksh Technology stands as your best partner in building smarter and more efficient industrial networks. 

[comxus]

How VLANs Work on a Network Switch: A Simplified Explanation

What Is a VLAN and Why Do We Need It?

A VLAN, or Virtual Local Area Network, is a technology that allows you to logically divide a physical network into separate, isolated segments.

 Devices can be grouped into distinct VLANs to improve organisation and manage traffic flow, even if they are physically connected to the same switch. By reducing pointless broadcast traffic, this division enhances network performance and efficiency.

VLANs are perfect for settings like offices, schools, or large buildings where various departments or user groups need isolated network access without requiring additional physical infrastructure because they also add a layer of security by limiting access between groups.

How Network Switches Handle VLAN Traffic

How VLAN traffic is handled by network switches Network switches ensure that traffic is appropriately segmented by managing VLAN traffic by tagging data packets with VLAN IDs. Every VLAN has a unique ID, and the switch tags devices with the relevant VLAN ID when they send data.

Until a router or Layer 3 switch is used to allow communication between them, this keeps traffic from one VLAN from combining with that of another, preserving isolation.

Only managed switches, which provide the required control, can be used to configure VLANs. In order to identify which devices are part of each virtual network segment, administrators allocate particular switch ports to specific VLANs.

Types of VLAN Ports: Access vs Trunk

A switch's VLAN ports can be classified as either trunk ports or access ports. Usually used to connect end devices such as PCs or printers, a access port is allocated to a single VLAN. It transmits and receives VLAN-specific untagged traffic.

A trunk port, on the other hand, is perfect for links between switches or between a switch and a router because it can transport traffic for multiple VLANs simultaneously.

Trunk ports employ VLAN tagging, which adds identifiers to packets and is based on the IEEE 802.1Q standard. For instance, to guarantee appropriate traffic routing, two switches with different VLANs can be connected via a trunk port.

VLAN Configuration Example (Simplified Setup)

The network is logically divided into three VLANs—HR, Sales, and IT—and a single switch in a basic network configuration to enhance security and performance.

For instance, VLAN 10 (HR) could be assigned to ports 1–4, VLAN 20 (Sales) to ports 5–8, and VLAN 30 (IT) to ports 9–12. Using a switch's CLI or GUI, you can configure VLANs by assigning ports and turning on VLAN tagging.

The VLAN structure must be planned and documented in order to guarantee effective management and prevent possible conflicts, particularly as the network grows or evolves over time.

Benefits of Using VLANs in a Network

Advantages of Networking with VLANs The first advantage that VLANs provide to networks is better security. Sensitive information is kept safe by limiting unwanted access between groups by dividing various departments or functions into distinct VLANs.

By restricting broadcast traffic to devices that are part of the same VLAN, VLANs also aid in reducing congestion and improving performance. VLANs also simplify diagnostics by isolating problems to particular VLANs, which makes network troubleshooting and management easier.

 Last but not least, VLANs are perfect for growing networks because they are highly scalable, enabling network expansion without the need for additional hardware or rewiring.

[actcorp12]

Understanding Leased Lines and Managed WiFi: A Complete Guide

Introduction

In today’s digital-first world, businesses demand constant, high-speed, and secure internet access to ensure uninterrupted operations. Whether it’s cloud computing, VoIP, large-scale data transfers, or simple web browsing, connectivity is fundamental. Two of the most reliable technologies enabling this digital backbone are leased lines and managed WiFi systems.

This article explores the core concepts of leased lines and managed WiFi, detailing how they differ from traditional broadband, their security benefits, and how businesses can choose the best solutions for robust and scalable network infrastructure.

What is a Leased Line?

A leased line is a dedicated, fixed-bandwidth connection that directly links a business premise to the internet or another site. Unlike broadband, leased lines are not shared with other users, offering consistent performance.

Key Characteristics

Dedicated bandwidth: Not shared, ensuring predictable performance

Symmetrical speeds: Equal download and upload speeds

SLA-backed: Guaranteed uptime and fault resolution

Secure and private: Ideal for sensitive data transmissions

Leased Line Connection Explained

A leased line connection involves fibre-optic or copper cabling that directly connects a business to an ISP’s core network. This type of connection offers greater control over bandwidth, speed, and reliability.

Types of Leased Line Connections

Point-to-Point Leased Lines: Connect two locations within a private network.

Internet Leased Lines: Provide a direct internet connection.

MPLS Leased Lines: Offer routing flexibility and better traffic management for enterprise-level networking.

Benefits

Guaranteed uptime (typically 99.9%+)

Low latency

Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for speed and reliability

Enhanced security over public networks

Internet Leased Line: The Business Standard

An internet leased line is specifically designed to provide businesses with dedicated internet access. It ensures high-speed, uninterrupted internet that is essential for modern operations.

Why Choose an Internet Leased Line?

Reliable Performance: No speed drops during peak times

Symmetrical Speeds: Vital for uploading large files, video conferencing, and cloud services

Unlimited Data Usage: No throttling or data caps

Ideal for VoIP and real-time apps: Minimal jitter and packet loss

Managed WiFi: Seamless Wireless Experience

Managed WiFi is a service where a third-party provider sets up, maintains, and monitors a company’s WiFi network. This includes everything from access points and cabling to performance optimisation and security.

What Does Managed WiFi Include?

Access point installation and configuration

Centralised monitoring and management

Performance optimisation

Guest and staff network segmentation

Automatic firmware and security updates

Advantages

Reduces burden on internal IT teams

Ensures reliable, consistent wireless access

Professional network design minimises dead zones

Best Managed WiFi Solutions

Selecting the best managed WiFi solution involves evaluating several key factors:

Features to Look For

Scalability: Ability to add users and access points as needed

Centralised Management: Cloud-based dashboards for visibility and control

Real-Time Monitoring: Proactive issue resolution

Security: WPA3 encryption, VLAN segmentation, and firewalls

Customer Support: 24/7 technical assistance

Top Managed WiFi Providers in the UK

Cisco Meraki

Ubiquiti UniFi

Aruba Networks (HPE)

TP-Link Omada

BT Business Managed WiFi

Leased Line ISPs: Choosing the Right Provider

A reliable leased line ISP is critical to your network performance. Here’s how to evaluate providers:

What to Consider

On-net coverage: ISPs with infrastructure near your premises offer faster installs

SLA terms: Look for guaranteed response and fix times

Redundancy options: Backup lines and failover mechanisms

Customer support: UK-based, 24/7 availability

Price vs. value: Transparent pricing and service levels

Leading ISPs in the UK

BTnet

Virgin Media Business

TalkTalk Business

Colt Technology Services

Glide

Leased Line vs Broadband

A leased line vs Broadband is a dedicated, symmetrical internet connection ideal for businesses needing guaranteed speed and uptime, a cost-effective option suited for general use.

Benefits of Leased Line:

Dedicated 1:1 connection (no sharing)

Symmetrical upload/download speeds

Guaranteed uptime with SLA

Low latency, ideal for VoIP & cloud apps

Scalable bandwidth

Benefits of Broadband:

Lower cost

Quick to install

Suitable for small offices or home use

Sufficient for basic tasks like email, browsing, and streaming

Managed WiFi Security: Protecting Your Network

Managed WiFi Security safeguards networks with encryption, firewalls, and real-time monitoring, ensuring safe, compliant, and uninterrupted connectivity.

Core Security Features

Encrypted connections (WPA2/WPA3)

Network segmentation (Guest vs. Employee)

Firewall integration

Intrusion detection systems (IDS)

Automatic software and firmware updates

Data Privacy & Compliance

GDPR-compliant logging and monitoring

Role-based access control

Secure remote access for administrators

Managed WiFi Providers: What to Look For

Choosing a managed WiFi provider can significantly affect your network’s performance and security.

Key Attributes

Experience in your industry (e.g., hospitality, healthcare, retail)

Customisable packages

SLA-backed service

Proactive maintenance

Real-time analytics and reporting

Questions to Ask

Do you support multiple locations?

How do you handle firmware updates?

Can you integrate with existing security systems?

What are your response times for outages?

Managed WiFi Systems: Architecture & Components

Understanding the structure of a managed WiFi system helps in deploying a more effective solution.

Essential Components

Access Points (APs): Distribute the wireless signal

Controllers: Manage AP configurations and policies

Network Switches: Provide backbone connectivity

Cloud Dashboard: Centralised control and monitoring

Security Gateway: Firewall and intrusion prevention

Deployment Models

On-Premises: Hosted within your business environment

Cloud-Managed: Hosted and maintained by provider

Hybrid: Combination of both

Integration: Leased Line + Managed WiFi

Combining a leased line with managed WiFi creates a high-performance, scalable network.

Benefits of Integration

End-to-end control over connectivity

Consistent high speeds throughout the premises

Streamlined support from a single vendor

Optimised performance for VoIP, video conferencing, and cloud services

Conclusion

For businesses aiming to future-proof their operations, combining leased line connections with managed WiFi systems offers a powerful, scalable, and secure solution. With dedicated bandwidth, guaranteed uptime, and professionally managed wireless infrastructure, organisations can focus on growth without worrying about connectivity issues.

Whether you’re a growing SME or a large enterprise, investing in the right connectivity and wireless strategy is crucial for staying competitive in the digital age. The right provider, the right service level, and the right infrastructure make all the difference.

[cert007]

Nutanix Multicloud Infrastructure NCP-MCI-6.10 Questions and Answers

The Nutanix Certified Professional - Multicloud Infrastructure (NCP-MCI) v6.10 certification stands as a globally recognized credential that validates expertise in managing Nutanix multicloud environments. Currently ranked as the No. 3 top-paying IT certification worldwide, this certification has become an essential milestone for IT professionals aiming to advance their careers in cloud infrastructure management. With its comprehensive coverage of multicloud technologies and hands-on administrative skills, the NCP-MCI certification demonstrates a professional's ability to effectively manage complex cloud environments. This article provides a detailed introduction to the NCP-MCI-6.10 exam, explores its key objectives, and explains how the Nutanix Multicloud Infrastructure NCP-MCI-6.10 Questions and Answers from Cert007 can help you prepare thoroughly, master the exam content, and achieve certification success.

What is the Nutanix Multicloud Infrastructure NCP-MCI-6.10 Exam?

The NCP-MCI-6.10 exam assesses your ability to interpret Nutanix standards and perform essential administrative tasks, including deploying, configuring, migrating, troubleshooting, expanding, and managing Nutanix multicloud platforms. Based on AOS 6.10 and Prism Central pc2024.2, the exam consists of 75 multiple-choice and multiple-response questions, with a 120-minute duration and a passing score of 3000 out of 6000 points.

This certification is ideal for:

IT staff (administrators, engineers, operators).

Tier 1 or Tier 2 support personnel.

Network or Security Operations Center escalation engineers.

Successful candidates typically have:

1-2 years of IT infrastructure experience.

6-12 months of Nutanix administration experience.

Completion of training like the Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Administration (ECA) course.

NCP-MCI-6.10 Exam Knowledge Objectives

The NCP-MCI-6.10 exam is divided into five key sections, each testing critical skills for managing Nutanix multicloud environments:

Section 1: Manage VMs within a Nutanix Multicloud Environment

Create, update, and deploy virtual machines (VMs).

Migrate VMs across clusters or environments.

Configure VM categories and attributes for streamlined management.

Section 2: Manage Clusters within a Nutanix Multicloud Environment

Perform storage administration (e.g., managing storage pools and containers).

Configure AOS and Prism Central settings.

Execute network administration tasks, such as VLAN setup.

Manage software and hardware updates via Life Cycle Management (LCM).

Perform hardware maintenance and configure Intelligent Operations.

Section 3: Configure Disaster Recovery and Data Protection

Set up Protection Policies and Domains for data backups.

Configure and execute Recovery Plans for disaster recovery.

Implement Metro Replication for synchronous data replication.

Section 4: Troubleshoot a Nutanix Multicloud Environment

Diagnose issues with protection policies, recovery plans, and metro replication.

Resolve AOS/Prism Central security problems.

Troubleshoot LCM operations and performance issues.

Section 5: Conduct Custom Monitoring

Analyze performance charts to optimize system efficiency.

Create custom reports for operational insights.

Perform capacity management to ensure resource availability.

For a detailed overview, download the NCP-MCIflare.com/ncp-mci-6-10-blueprint from the Nutanix website.

Benefits of the NCP-MCI Certification

Earning the NCP-MCI-6.10 certification opens doors to both professional and tangible rewards:

Exclusive Community: Join a prestigious group of Nutanix-certified professionals.

Digital Badge: Earn a Credly digital badge to showcase your achievement.

Branding Rights: Use the official NCP-MCI logo on your profiles.

Career Boost: Access the Nutanix Certification Store, enjoy discounts on Nutanix events, and gain early access to educational programs.

High Earning Potential: With salaries often ranging from $90,000 to $120,000 annually, this certification is a lucrative investment.

How to Prepare for the NCP-MCI-6.10 Exam

To succeed in the NCP-MCI-6.10 exam, combine hands-on practice, official resources, and targeted study materials. Here’s how:

Leverage Official Resources:

Study the Nutanix Cloud Bible for foundational knowledge.

Review Nutanix documentation, including the AHV Administration Guide, Security Guide, Disaster Recovery Guide, Prism Central Guide, and Prism Web Console Guide.

Watch the NCP-MCI Certification Exam Prep playlist on Nutanix University’s YouTube channel.

Gain Hands-On Experience:

Practice with the Nutanix Community Edition (CE) to simulate real-world Nutanix environments.

Aim for 6-12 months of Nutanix administration experience with AOS, Prism Central, and AHV.

Take Practice Exams:

Use the Nutanix University practice exam to familiarize yourself with the exam format and identify weak areas.

Keep a cheat sheet for quick reference of key concepts.

Supercharge Your Prep with Cert007’s NCP-MCI-6.10 Questions and Answers

To maximize your preparation, the Nutanix Multicloud Infrastructure NCP-MCI-6.10 Questions and Answers from Cert007 are an essential tool. Here’s why:

Up-to-Date Content: Aligned with the latest AOS 6.10 and Prism Central pc2024.2 exam objectives.

Comprehensive Coverage: Includes questions across all five sections—VM management, cluster administration, disaster recovery, troubleshooting, and monitoring.

Exam-Like Practice: Features multiple-choice and multiple-response questions that mirror the real exam, helping you build confidence and time management skills.

Detailed Explanations: Each answer includes insights to deepen your understanding of Nutanix concepts.

Accessible Format: Available in digital formats for convenient study on the go.

By integrating Cert007’s question bank with hands-on practice and official resources, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle the exam and earn your NCP-MCI-6.10 certification.

Take the Next Step

The NCP-MCI-6.10 certification is more than a credential—it’s a gateway to career growth, higher earnings, and recognition in the IT industry. Start your preparation today by exploring Nutanix’s official resources, gaining hands-on experience, and leveraging the Cert007 NCP-MCI-6.10 Questions and Answers for targeted practice. Visit nutanix.com for exam registration and cert007.com to access the latest study materials. Your path to becoming a Nutanix Certified Professional starts now!

[jcmarchi]

NETGEAR Academy Now Available with Free Training from NETGEAR AV

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/netgear-academy-now-available-with-free-training-from-netgear-av/

NETGEAR Academy Now Available with Free Training from NETGEAR AV

On This Installment of Videoguys Live, join us to unlock the full potential of NETGEAR AV with free training sessions now available directly from NETGEAR! Join NETGEAR Academy for expert-led tutorials, tips, and insights to enhance your AV setup. Join us live to learn about what these classes have to offer and how they can grow your understanding of AV over IP.

NETGEAR Academy – Free AV Training Now Available​

The NETGEAR Academy offers a comprehensive AV Certification Level 1 course designed to provide technical training on AV over IP concepts and general business networking, including wireless and switching.​

AV over IP Basics – Understanding how audiovisual data is transmitted over networks.​

Network Design & Topology – How to structure and optimize networks for AV performance.​

VLANs & Multicasting – Managing traffic efficiently for seamless AV distribution.​

Switching & Wireless Networking – Essentials for integrating AV systems with business networks.​

NETGEAR Enterprise Solutions – How NETGEAR’s products support professional AV setups.​

​The Power of AV Over IP – Simplified & Scalable​

NDI (Network Device Interface) – Video Over IP​

Transmits high-quality, low-latency video over standard Ethernet​

Carries Video, Audio, Control, and Power over a Single Cable​

Eliminates the need for Hardware Switchers​

Ideal for live streaming, broadcast, and professional AV setups​

Dante – Audio Over IP​

Delivers synchronized, uncompressed digital audio​

Reduces cable clutter and simplifies audio routing​

Widely used in professional sound systems and studios

One-Cable PTZ Camera Setup – AV, Control & Power​

Power over Ethernet (PoE) – Powers PTZ cameras with no extra adapters​

Single network cable for video, audio, control, and power​

Perfect for conference rooms, houses of worship, and live productions​

NETGEAR M4250 Series Network Switches built for AV over IP​

Total ports​

PoE Ports​

Total Power​

Form Factor​

M4250-9G1F-PoE+​

Desktop​

$599.99​

M4250-8G2XF-PoE+​

Desktop​

$899.99​

M4250-10G2F-PoE+ ​

$609.99​

M4250-10G2XF-PoE+​

$979.99​

M4250-10G2XF-PoE++​

8xPoE++​

$1,199.99​

Need a Larger Switch?

Total ports​

POE Ports​

Total Power​

Form Factor​

M4250-26G4F-PoE+​

24xPoE+​

$1,199.99​

M4250-26G4XF-PoE+​

24xPoE+​

$1,739.99​

M4250-26G4F-PoE++​

24xPoE++​

$2,399.99​

M4250-40G8F-PoE+​

40xPoE+​

$2,179.99​

M4250-40G8XF-PoE+​

40xPoE+​

$2,799.99​

M4250-40G8XF-PoE++​

40xPoE++​

$4,689.99​

NETGEAR AV M4250

Designed for small to mid-sized professional audio and video installations​

1G / 2.5G / 10G uplinks​

Reversible mount option with LEDs on the front​

Silent desktop versions​

NETGEAR AV M4350

Designed for large professional audio and video installations​

1G / 2.5G / 10G / 25G / 100G uplinks​

Redundant PSUs ​

Active-active core (NSF stack)​

SMPTE 2110 supported on select models​

Ideal to power WiFI 7 Access Points that require PoE++ and support 10G/Multi-Gig speeds​

Top 5 Reasons Videoguys Recommends Netgear ProAV M4250 Switches​

Engineered for AV over IP​

Netgear is committed to ProAV​

Easy to Configure (GUI)​

Presets for NDI HX3 & NDI 6​

Recommended by all our partners​

Bonus! – It’s our #1 tech support solution for NDI installations​

ENGAGE 2.0​

Now Released!!!​

Now controls AV and WiFi​

New software update adds internet and wireless capabilities to AV networks​

Freedom for AV & Lighting Crews​

Unified Wired and Wireless Management​

LAN and WLAN under Control​

Auto Discovery and Onboarding Capabilities​

Zero Configuration Setup​

Fast Roaming and Auto-Mesh Support​

NETGEAR Academy & Level 1 Certification​

The OSI Model​

Defining a Network​

Network Topology​

Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast​

Understanding Vlans

Network Termonology Overview​

Learn networking concepts like Link Aggregation, STP, MLAG, and non-blocking designs​

Enterprise Switch Series​

Engage Controller​

Specifying NETGEAR Switches​

Learn more about NETGEAR below:

[tccicomputercoaching]

Learn Network Setup Step-by-Step

In today's interconnected world, the setup of a network is an essential skill for anyone pursuing a career in IT or computer science. Whether you are preparing for an advanced networking course or need a solid foundation for your professional projects, TCCI Computer Coaching Institute is here to guide you. Follow this step-by-step guide to master the basics of network setup.

Understand the Basics of Networking

Before getting into the configuration, let's get to know some of the basics of networking:

Types of Networks: LAN, WAN, and PAN.

Network Devices: Routers, switches, modems, and access points.

IP Addressing: Static vs. dynamic IPs and what they mean.

At TCCI, we have more detailed courses on networking, which break down these concepts for those new to the field.

Prepare the Required Equipment

For configuring a network, you will need the following:

A router or modem.

Ethernet cables for the wired connections.

A computer or laptop for configuration.

Optional: Wi-Fi adapters.

Our practical sessions at TCCI will train you on how to choose the appropriate hardware depending on your networking needs.

Connecting Your Devices

Connect the modem to the router with an Ethernet cable.

Attach your computer or laptop to the router via cable or Wi-Fi.

Power up the modem and router then wait for them to boot.

TCCI trainers will guide you through troubleshooting tips in case of connectivity issues.

Setting Up Your Network

Open a browser and log into the router's admin panel using its IP address, typically 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1.

Set up your SSID (Wi-Fi name) and password.

Set up security protocols, such as WPA3, for better protection.

Enable DHCP for dynamic IP assignment.

We at TCCI stress secure network configuration to protect your data and privacy.

Testing Your Network

Verify the connection on all devices.

Run a speed test to ensure the best performance.

Use connectivity tools like ping or traceroute to check connectivity problems.

Hands-on training at TCCI ensures you will learn how to identify and solve common network problems.

Expanding Your Network (Optional)

For advanced setups:

Add range extenders to increase Wi-Fi coverage.

Configure VLANs for better traffic management.

Use network monitoring tools to keep track of usage.

To such setups, advanced networking modules offered in TCCI give you further edge in your IT career.

Begin Your Networking Endeavour with TCCI

Learn network setup and realize it to be a gateway opening unlimited possibilities in the vast landscape of the IT world. Get registered with TCCI Computer Coaching Institute today itself for practical exposure and proper ground foundation.

Call now on +91 9825618292

Get information from https://tccicomputercoaching.wordpress.com/

[tech-pulse-by-ssdntechnologies]

What Are the Common Challenges Faced During CCNA Training?

The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification is one of the most sought-after credentials in the field of networking. Professionals aiming to establish a career in IT often pursue this certification to gain foundational knowledge in networking concepts and technologies.

However, like any learning journey, CCNA training comes with its own set of challenges. In this blog, we will delve into the common hurdles faced during CCNA training and how to overcome them effectively.

1. Grasping Networking Fundamentals

One of the initial challenges for many learners is understanding the basic concepts of networking. Terms like IP addressing, subnetting, and VLANs can feel overwhelming, especially for those without prior technical knowledge. To tackle this, consistent practice and hands-on experience are essential.

At SSDN Technologies, our CCNA course in Noida is designed to simplify these concepts and provide real-world applications to solidify understanding.

2. Time Management

Balancing CCNA training with work or other commitments can be daunting. The vast syllabus demands dedicated time for studying theory, practicing configurations, and preparing for exams.

A structured learning plan, such as the one offered by SSDN Technologies, helps learners efficiently allocate time to different aspects of the course.

3. Hands-On Practice

Networking is a practical field, and theoretical knowledge alone isn’t enough to clear the CCNA certification exam. Many learners struggle with configuring routers, switches, and troubleshooting networks.

Enrolling in a reputable CCNA training in Noida, like SSDN Technologies, ensures access to state-of-the-art labs and real-world simulation exercises to bridge this gap.

4. Understanding Cisco Terminologies

Cisco’s proprietary terminologies and technologies can be challenging to grasp. Terms like EIGRP, OSPF, and NAT often confuse learners. The solution lies in repetitive practice and accessing quality training materials. A trusted CCNA institute in Noida can make a significant difference by breaking down these concepts into digestible pieces.

5. Overcoming Exam Anxiety

The CCNA certification exam’s intensity can induce anxiety among candidates. It tests not just theoretical knowledge but also practical skills under time constraints. Mock tests and regular evaluations, as part of the best CCNA training institute in Noida, can help learners build confidence and reduce exam-related stress.

6. Staying Updated with Cisco’s Changes

Cisco frequently updates its CCNA curriculum to align with the latest industry trends. Learners often find it challenging to keep up with these changes. This is where enrolling in a dynamic training program at SSDN Technologies can help, as our courses are regularly updated to match Cisco’s latest requirements.

7. Building a Networking Mindset

CCNA training is not just about passing an exam but also about developing a networking mindset. This includes understanding how networks operate in real-world scenarios and applying knowledge to solve problems.

At SSDN Technologies, our training emphasizes both theoretical and practical aspects to ensure a comprehensive learning experience.

Why Choose SSDN Technologies for CCNA Training?

At SSDN Technologies, we take pride in being recognized as the best CCNA training institute in Noida. Our curriculum is tailored to meet industry standards, ensuring that learners are well-prepared to face real-world challenges. With expert trainers, hands-on labs, and comprehensive study materials, we provide a robust foundation for your networking career.

Conclusion

Pursuing CCNA certification is a rewarding journey that can elevate your career in networking. However, it’s essential to address the challenges head-on by choosing the right training institute and adopting effective learning strategies.

SSDN Technologies is committed to guiding learners through every step of their CCNA journey, ensuring success and career growth.

📱 Phone:                        +91-999-911-1686

📧 Email:                        dmt@ssdntech.com

FAQs

Q1. What is the duration of a CCNA course in Noida? The duration typically ranges from 6 to 8 weeks, depending on the mode of training—regular, weekend, or fast-track sessions.

Q2. How can I ensure hands-on practice during CCNA training? Choose a training institute like SSDN Technologies that provides access to labs and real-world simulation exercises.

Q3. Is CCNA certification necessary for a career in networking? Yes, it is a globally recognized certification that validates foundational networking skills and opens doors to various job opportunities.

Q4. What makes SSDN Technologies the best CCNA institute in Noida? Our expert trainers, updated curriculum, hands-on labs, and personalized guidance set us apart from other institutes.

Q5. Can I take CCNA coaching in Noida while working full-time? Yes, SSDN Technologies offers flexible schedules, including weekend batches, to accommodate working professionals.

[iam3rr0r]

home networking log #0

i realized recently after much research and flashing rpis to prep for setting up pihole, that i actually dont know how my current home network is set up. this could end up causing me problems if the isp has locked down dns and other settings i need configured for that to work

i cant construct a useful homelab environment if i dont understand the basic topology im working with, so the aim of this project is configure a basic network by way of:

configuring a switch to run ethernet to multiple devices, like an rpi or nas. do i need power over ethernet?

learn more about how my gateway dashboard works, what i can change and why i would do so

learn about vlans beyond the creation of a guest network

create a diagram of my network topology: where are my ethernet jacks? do they all meet at the network panel in my closet? what kind of ethernet do i need? should i use patch cables?

optional: separate out my modem and router. what exactly is a router? is it simply a combination of dhcp and dns servers thats also a wireless ap? maybe a small switch built in?

next up: investigating my router and network panel

[comxus]

The Role of Layer 3 Switches in Building Smart Networks

What Makes a Layer 3 Switch Smarter Than the Rest?

Layer 3 switches combine a router's routing capabilities with the speed of conventional switches. They are therefore perfect for seamlessly managing both internal and external network traffic on a single device.

Layer 3 switches have built-in routing capabilities that allow them to route data between subnets and VLANs without the use of an external router. This enhances communication between systems or departments on different networks.

Layer 3 switches drastically lower latency by processing data at wire speed and retaining routing decisions inside the switch. This guarantees steady and seamless performance even in situations involving a lot of data.

Advanced features like traffic prioritisation, multicast routing, and QoS are supported by Layer 3 switches. By intelligently controlling bandwidth and optimising data flow, they increase the speed and effectiveness of networks.

 Why Smart Networks Can’t Survive Without Smart Switching

As more devices connect to modern networks—from laptops to IoT sensors—the volume of data increases dramatically. Smart switching ensures this growing traffic is managed efficiently without slowing down operations.

Layer 3 switches assist in preventing data bottlenecks by intelligently segmenting and routing traffic internally. This maintains the network's speed, responsiveness, and stability even when it is heavily loaded.

Layer 3 switches are crucial for supplying and controlling the data flow that powers contemporary automation and infrastructure, from surveillance systems to networked streetlights and smart factories.

Game-Changing Benefits of Layer 3 Switches

Without utilising external routing hardware, Layer 3 switches enable lightning-fast performance by processing and routing data internally.

You can establish stringent guidelines for traffic flow with tools like Access Control Lists (ACLs), which enhances internal security and lowers the possibility of unwanted access.

As your company grows, you can easily expand your network without having to rewire everything thanks to Layer 3 switches' easy support for multiple VLANs and subnet configurations.

These switches allow you to create more intelligent, well-organised network structures by adapting to a variety of network topologies and supporting multi-layered environments.

 Real-World Use Cases: Where L3 Switches Make a Big Impact

Through internal data routing, Layer 3 switches facilitate rapid and effective departmental communication and seamless internal cooperation.

Layer 3 switches in data centres maximise server traffic flow, guaranteeing fast data transfer and low latency.

In factories, Layer 3 switches allow for the smooth connection of sensors and controllers, enabling real-time data exchange for automation.

For seamless operation, smart cities depend on Layer 3 switches to manage massive volumes of data from traffic control, surveillance systems, and Internet of Things devices.

 How Layer 3 Switches Are Shaping India’s Smart Connectivity

High-speed connectivity and smooth network expansion are made possible by Layer 3 switches' stackable design and 10G uplinks, which are essential for creating scalable smart

L3 switches are robust, dependable, and designed to survive harsh conditions, which makes them ideal for high-demand enterprise networks as well as industrial settings.

Comxus switches are perfect for both domestic and international deployments because they are designed and made in India, guaranteeing superior quality while upholding international standards.

Businesses and governments rely on L3 switches for their high performance, scalability, and dependability in powering sophisticated networks, from smart cities to industrial automation.

[sorenskr]

Guide to building Software routers and IP Proxies: Improving the efficiency of network operations

With the growing demand for Internet, the concept of Software router is becoming familiar to the public. For individuals, businesses or technology enthusiasts, Software router not only provides highly flexible network management, but also allows users to realize more complex network operations by configuring Proxies IP. It transforms into a powerful router through a software-defined router system, typically used on low-power computing devices such as a Raspberry Pi or a mini-PC running Linux, with the addition of specific router software (e.g. OpenWRT, LEDE, etc.).

In this article, I'll provide a comprehensive introduction to Software routers, discuss how to improve network efficiency through Soft Routing with Proxies IP, and provide concrete steps to follow.

What is a Software router?

Software routers and hard routes are two common routing methods used in current network architectures. First of all, before we figure out Software router, we need to understand what is hard routing?

What is hard routing?

Introduction to Software router?

From the official definition, Software router is actually a router solution through desktop or server with corresponding software. Users can choose the operating system and hardware devices according to their needs, and can even set up and optimize them to achieve some advanced functions.

Compared to hard routing, Software router is a more flexible and powerful routing solution. The concept of Software router is to use desktops, servers or virtual machines as hardware carriers and utilize a specific software system to realize the routing function. The most important feature of Software router is that its software and hardware are completely independent and separate.

The core components of a Software router include: a system, a network card, and a proxy service or firewall. At least two of these network cards are required, one for connecting to the external network (WAN) and the other for managing the internal network (LAN). Advanced users can also use multiple network ports for features such as broadband aggregation.

What are the advantages of Software router?

Software routers have several significant advantages over hard routes:

Flexibility: Software router does not depend on a specific device and users can choose to run it on any supported device, including desktops, servers, and even virtual machines. By choosing different operating systems and software packages, users can adapt the router's functionality to their needs.

Feature-rich: Software router is not only limited to basic Internet access functions, it can also realize traffic management, QoS (quality of service control), VLAN (virtual LAN) and other advanced functions. Users can customize various routing policies to achieve more complex network management needs.

High scalability: Since Software router relies on software to realize its functions, users can constantly expand its functions by upgrading software or adding plug-ins. For example, adding services such as ad blocking, firewall, Proxies, etc. can be realized by simply installing the corresponding software packages on the Software router.

Hardware selection for Software router

While Software routers are highly flexible, it is also important to choose the right hardware device in order to run stably for a long period of time:

Low Power Consumption: Software router needs to run for a long time, the host with power consumption under 20W is more energy efficient and suitable for long-term use.

Multi-port support: If bandwidth aggregation is required, choose a device with multiple ports to enhance network speed.

Compact size: The device should be small enough to be easily placed in the home or office without taking up space.

USB interface: convenient for external large-capacity hard disk, suitable for home server.

Gigabit/2.5G ports: Prepare for future network upgrades and adapt to higher bandwidth demands.

Construction diagram of a Software router

What can I do with a Software router?

With Software router, users can achieve a variety of network functions, it can optimize network performance and traffic management, multiple broadband aggregation, firewall and network security management, advertisement blocking and web filtering, self-built home cloud servers, remote control and monitoring network, Proxies IP setup and management, virtual local area network (VLAN) segmentation, customized routing policies, and so on and so forth.

Especially when used in combination with Proxies IP, it can significantly enhance network flexibility and security. First, Software router enables users to flexibly configure complex network policies, such as traffic management and access control, to ensure rational allocation of network resources. Users can set traffic limits for different devices and optimize bandwidth utilization to ensure smooth operation of critical applications.

With Software routers, users can easily use Proxy IPs to hide their real IP addresses, reducing the risk of being traced, ensuring secure access to websites and avoiding information leakage. In addition, Proxy IPs can also improve access speeds, as Proxy Services can provide faster response times in some cases.

Combined with Proxy IPs, Software router users are able to flexibly configure multiple proxy connections and choose different Proxies to fulfill different usage scenarios, such as Web Crawling, Web Scraping or Market Research. This flexibility enables users to achieve higher efficiency and success rates when dealing with diverse network tasks.

Software routers are also quite scalable, allowing users to enhance the security of their network through plug-ins or additional configurations, such as adding firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Even when using Proxy IP for network activities, users are still able to maintain a high level of security protection and effectively avoid potential Secure Proxy threats. Overall, the combination of Software router and Proxy IP provides users with a more Secure Proxy and efficient Porfiles. Here I focus on how to use Software router to configure Proxies IP.

Proxies IP Introduction

Proxies IPs are intermediate servers that allow users to perform network operations through another IP address. Using Proxies IPs can hide real IP addresses, break through certain geographic restrictions, enhance privacy, and prevent IP blocking by certain websites. There are many types of Proxies, including Static Residential Proxies, Rotating Residential Proxies, and more.

Static Residential IP: unchanged for a long period of time, suitable for operations that require a stable connection.

Rotating Residential IP: The IP address changes periodically, suitable for scenarios that require random IP switching.

Advantages of Software routers with Proxies

When Software router is used in combination with Proxies IP, the flexibility and controllability of network operation will be greatly improved. This combination is suitable for a variety of application scenarios, especially when frequent IP switching or batch network operations are required, and has significant advantages.

1. Fine-grained control of network traffic

Software router allows users to precisely manage and control traffic. By pairing Proxy IPs, users can assign different network requests to different Proxy Services. For example, certain requests can be sent through a residential IP while other sensitive operations are performed through a Rotating IP. This enhances privacy while ensuring the stability of the network connection.

2. Automated Proxies switching

The power of Software router lies in its programmability, which allows users to write scripts or use existing plug-ins to switch Proxies IPs automatically.This is especially important for those who need to operate in bulk or visit multiple websites. For example, by automatically rotating IPs with Software router, you can effectively avoid the same IP being blocked or flagged as abnormal behavior by multiple websites.

3. Enhancing privacy and security

Software router itself can provide additional Secure Proxies through its firewall function, while Proxy IP further enhances network privacy. When combining the two, users can not only hide their real IPs, but also realize multiple levels of Secure Proxies through Proxies Chaining (chained proxies) to prevent traffic from being traced or monitored.

5. Improving marketing and data collection efficiency

In e-commerce, advertising, market research and other scenarios, batch operation is a common demand. With Software router combined with Proxies IP, users can automate data crawling through different IP addresses to avoid being blocked due to excessive access from a single IP address. This approach not only improves operational efficiency, but also significantly reduces the risk of account blocking.

Software router configuration Proxies IP implementations

Step 1: Install the Software router operating system

First, choose a device that can run stably as a Software router server, such as an old computer with strong performance, a mini-server, or a dedicated Software router device (e.g., a host with x86 architecture). Make sure the device has at least two network cards, one connecting to the external network (WAN) and the other for the internal network (LAN).

Download and install the Software router system:

OpenWRT: Lightweight and suitable for a wide range of hardware devices.

pfSense: full-featured and suitable for users who need more advanced features.

MikroTik: Powerful and flexible, but requires a bit of a learning curve.

Take OpenWRTas an example, the download and installation steps are as follows:

Visit the official OpenWRT website to download the image file for your device architecture.

Use a USB utility (e.g. Rufus) to write the image to a USB flash drive, then plug it into the Software router device, go into the BIOS to set up booting from the USB flash drive and install the system.

Basic network configuration:

Enter the Web management interface of the Software router (usually accessed through the intranet IP address, initially set to 192.168.1.1).

Configure the WAN port to connect to the Internet and ensure that the LAN port can assign IP addresses to internal devices.

Verify that the network connection is working properly: use intranet devices to access the Internet and ensure that basic network functions are working well.

Step 2: Configure Proxies IPs

Configuring Proxy IP is the core step to realize the combination of Software router and Proxy service. The following is the detailed Proxies IP configuration process, specifically OpenWRT as an example for illustration, other Software router operating systems such as pfSense and MikroTik operation is similar.

Get Proxy IP service information: Get Proxies information through Proxy IP service provider (e.g. Proxy4Free.com).

Install Proxies Plug-ins (e.g. Shadowsocks, Privoxy, etc.): On the Software router, install the relevant Proxies plug-ins via the package manager (opkg). For example, Shadowsocks can handle multiple Proxies.

Install the Shadowsocks client on OpenWRT:

In the web management interface, go to "System" -> "Software" and click on "Update lists ".

Search for "shadowsocks", select and install the shadowsocks-libev package.

Once the installation is complete, go to "Services" -> "Shadowsocks" and start configuring Proxies.

Configure Proxies IP:

Go to the Shadowsocks configuration page and click "Add new instance".

Basic settings:

Server: Enter the IP address of the Proxies you obtained from your proxy service provider.

Port: Enter the port number provided by the Proxies service provider.

Password: Enter the Proxies account password (if any).

Encryption Method: Select the encryption protocol recommended by the Proxies service provider (usually aes-256-gcm, etc.).

Advanced Settings(optional):

Setting Multi-Proxies Policy: If there are multiple Proxies IPs to choose from, you can assign different Proxies IPs to different devices and applications.

Save and apply the settings.

Configure routing rules:

In the web management interface of Software router, go to "Network" -> "Firewall" -> "Traffic Rules". Rules".

Create a new rule to forward specific traffic (e.g. HTTP, HTTPS traffic) through Proxies IP. Traffic rules can be customized for different device or application types.

If you need to use Proxies for specific external websites or destination IPs, you can set up IP-based routing policies in the Routing section to forward these specific traffic through the Proxy IP.

Verify the Proxies configuration:

After the configuration is complete, open a device connected to the Software router and visit the IP address lookup website to see if the IP currently in use is a Proxies IP.

Check that the Proxy Service is working properly to ensure that traffic is passing through the proxy server correctly.

Step 3: Implement automated switching of Proxies IPs

Sometimes, users may need to switch Proxies IPs automatically, especially for batch operations or to avoid website blocking. Software router supports automated switching of Proxies IP through scripts or plug-ins. Here is how to realize this function in OpenWRT.

Install the cron timed task plugin:

Go to "System" -> "Software" and search for and install the cron plugin.

cron allows you to create timed tasks that can switch Proxies IPs periodically.

Write switching scripts:

Connect to the Software router using SSH and edit the script file (e.g. /etc/proxy-switch.sh) which will operate by modifying the Proxies settings or switching between different Proxies IPs.#!/bin/sh # Switch Proxies IP ifconfig eth0 down # Modify Proxies settings uci set shadowsocks.server='New Proxies IP' uci commit shadowsocks etc/init.d/shadowsocks restart ifconfig eth0 up

Set up timed tasks:

Ensure that Proxies IPs are switched on a regular basis by running scripts on a regular basis via a cron task.

Go to "System" -> "Scheduled Tasks" and add the following timed task

0 * * * * * /etc/proxy-switch.sh

The task will be automatically executed every hour, switching Proxies.

Test automated switching functions:

Wait for the timed task to execute and verify that the Proxies IPs are automatically switched as expected. You can check the current IP address by visiting the IP Lookup website or other extranet services.

Suppose you want to perform batch operations or data capture on an e-commerce platform, by using a combination of Software routers and Proxies IP, you can easily automate the following tasks:

1. Create and manage multiple accounts in bulk:

Conclusion

To summarize, the combination of Software router and Proxies IP provides users with great flexibility and privacy protection. Whether you are conducting e-commerce operations, social media management, or data crawling and market analysis, this solution can significantly improve your operational efficiency and reduce risks.

Overall, by utilizing a combination of Software routers and Proxies IP, you can do all kinds of network operations more easily, protect your privacy, and improve your work efficiency at the same time.

[cert007]

FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 FCSS - Enterprise Firewall 7.4 Administrator Real Dumps

The FCSS - Enterprise Firewall 7.4 Administrator (FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4) exam is a vital certification for professionals tasked with managing enterprise security infrastructures. Designed to assess proficiency with Fortinet’s FortiOS 7.4, FortiManager 7.4, and FortiAnalyzer 7.4, this certification is a gateway to demonstrating expertise in securing enterprise networks using Fortinet solutions. Preparing for this comprehensive exam can be daunting, but the latest FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 FCSS - Enterprise Firewall 7.4 Administrator Real Dumps from Cert007 offer a strategic advantage. These updated study materials are tailored to the exam’s core topics, ensuring you are well-equipped to face the challenges head-on. With Cert007’s FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4 real dumps, you gain access to practice questions, exam scenarios, and key insights to maximize your confidence and performance on exam day.

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Exam Name: FCSS - Enterprise Firewall 7.4 Administrator

Series: FCSS_EFW_AD-7.4

Exam Format: 36 multiple-choice questions

Duration: 70 minutes

Language: English

Passing Criteria: Pass or fail with a detailed score report.

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