#writing style vs proper grammar

[cjjasp]

Voice and Style vs. the Grammar Police #writing

Many of my blog posts revolve around grammar and the mechanics of writing. As authors, it’s important to understand the rules of the language in which we write. Yet, powerful writing often breaks those rules, and we are better for having read it. So why am I always pressing you to use proper punctuation? Authors must know the rules to break them with style. Readers expect words to flow in a…

[coldnutparadise]

pov:u go into blue pe/riod goin haha i too went to art school n then u come out of the otherside holding ur head at "why did u choose art sen/sei" "i just chose a hell i could live with" and "do you even like art?" and "everybody is telling you about closure and how to move on from grief, but there's nothing wrong with holding that grief forever for the rest of your life" and "if u give it ur all and still fail, you should off urself?" and "does it even matter if your work is popular - isn't it enough for it to resonate with just the one person bc it moved them so deeply-"

[thecomfywriter]

✨👾 thecomfywriter’s guide to self-publishing 👾✨

navigation post get my book, Throne of Vengeance! TNV anthologies ToV community!

hi, fools! this was long overdue. forgive me—i got distracted. anyhow! welcome to the official guide to self-publishing, as requested by satoh (@@satohqbanana). i’m going to give you tips based on my own process, but by all means, feel free to deviate and add/remove steps for your own process. some steps are mandatory though. no skipping 😤

okay i’m not going to yamble too much, lets get into it.

1.0 finishing the draft

2.0 the editing process (copyediting vs line editing vs beta reading)

3.0 the latent period (!!!)

4.0 pre-publication marketing

5.0 the cover + blurb

6.0 the final read-through

7.0 pre-orders and marketing

8.0 publish!

1.0 finishing the draft:

stop procrastinating and write, dodohead. words on the page. it doesn’t have to be perfect. you don’t have to agonize over that one line for an entire afternoon. stick to the vision and get the words on the page.

if you’re wondering why i’m saying it doesn’t have to be perfect when we’re talking about publishing a (hopefully good) book, it’s because there’s still the editing process later down the line to worry about typos, grammar issues, beta reader feedback, and all that jazzy good stuff. right now, you need to have your vision and get it down. this isn’t your polished copy. but you need to have your draft completed before you go anyways. so stop moping over whether “elucidate” is the word you want to use in that sentence and finish the sentence.

lol. with love <333

2.0 the editing process:

now you can worry about elucidate and its purpose in the sentence. the editing stage has many sub phases. copy-editing and the line editing. you can hire someone to do this for you or do it yourself. maybe get a friend to help. doesn’t matter. you just have to be critical and thorough. no sugarcoating. no, “oh ill just let this slide” or “i don’t wanna be mean so i won’t give real helpful feedback” editors. proper editors who will say it as it is.

copy-editing (as i understand it) is big book concept editing:

are there plot holes? is the lore consistent? does it make sense? is it unclear? is the story even interesting? how’s the pacing? what about the characters? too many? not enough? the voices aren’t distinct? the style is inconsistent? none of the characters feel like separate or fully formed people?

this is the phase where all those questions are addressed. once the overall concepts and structure of the book has been editing, constructively analyzed, and you’ve gotten feedback for it, go back to step one and revise your draft based on the critique. you don’t move on until those big concept issues are addressed.

done? okay, now it’s time for line editing.

exactly as the name implies, you’re going line per line, word per word, and catching any typos, grammar errors, punctuation—all that jazzy good stuff. REALLY BE THOROUGH. get a fresh pair of eyes on it. hire someone. put it through an editing software like grammarly. but be THOROUGH.

do the words you use make sense? are you using british or american english? slang? are you writing too much purple prose? do the sentences flow? are you using too many commas (stop that. don’t be afraid of periods).

you really need to understand the grammar and syntax rules of the english language to do this step on your own. otherwise, get help. or learn. whatever works with your budget lol.

done line editing? great! send it to a beta reader/ a friend, a writeblr mutual, someone you hired—just make sure they aren’t dancing around feedback and they give it to you as it is. i had a friend straight up tell me one of my drafts was ass LOL because the characters voices were too blurry and she never knew who was talking. there were some slow pointless chapters and the pacing was inconsistent. thus, i went back to step 1 and revised based off her feedback and came back with another draft.

don’t be afraid of critique. you need it to grow.

3.0 the latent period:

this is where you take a step back from the draft, preferably for months, and avoid interacting with it to give your mind a break and reset your eyes. this is a huge stage because this is where i want you fools to get your copyright and isbns in order.

GET. YOUR. BOOK. COPYRIGHTED.

do not share it until it is copyrighted. you can copyright unpublished materials. technically it is your intellectual property even before you copyright it, but that little ©️ is your legal shield. COPYRIGHT YOUR BOOK.

it costs ~$60 to make sure no one can steal your shit. this is nonnegotiable. do this.

i also got an isbn for my book so i could publish it with other services apart from KDP and expand the market. hence why some people were able to buy it off barnes and noble, for example. i highly recommend.

this is also the phase i started looking at platforms i wanted to publish on/with and reading the contracts. i’m being serious. read the contracts. make sure it aligns with what you want and what you’re comfortable with. don’t skim. don’t just accept. you’re putting your signature on that, bro. read it properly.

the publishing platforms i used were ingramspark and KDP. you’re gonna need to know your book dimensions too. so have an idea so you can estimate the printing costs.

the settings i did for mine were off white, 6x9 paper with the recommended gutter margins (used KDPs excel calculator to determine) and black and white ink (no colour) to get the lowest printing cost per book. ingram spark was similar. only thing with ingram spark is you need your page number to be even (no 575–it has to be 576) and KDP has a 600 page limit. so bear that in mind.

4.0 pre-publishing marketing:

you have to generate hype for your book. now that its copyrighted, its safe to share excerpts, little quotes, make edits for your characters or oc profiles to generate an audience. i did this mainly on tumblr vis tag games and whatnot, but honestly? that's the BARE MINIMUM lol.

don't be like me. i hate social media so i honestly did not market my book the way i know i should have (and still should). i still don't market my book because lol... i dont wanna 🥲

BUT! like it said--dont be like me. make an author website (a proper one. pay for the domain if you can, otherwise use the free domain, but make a professional author platform for yourself and your biography. you'll need this to set up a goodreads author account and claim your book on there). use instagram and make an author instagram profile (i technially have one here, but i never use it lol womp womp i just hate instagram sue me) and promote your book with the teasers. go on pinterest and make moodboards or "book trailers" through a carousel of images. USE TIKTOK. i know it's a plague platform (i dont like it, clearly), but it is where you will find the most fruits for your marketing.

this stage is all about generating hype for your book. why? so when you set your book up for preorder (and, yes, you will be doing that so you have a general idea of market demand and interest), you have people who are genuinely invested and want to buy your book.

marketing ideas because apparently i'm your free publicist:

oc edits

character moodboards

quotes and excerpts

that one trend on tiktok where you give the vibe of the book and a soundtrack // song to it

oc / book soundtracks

"would you read a book about..." [list the themes / enticing tagline elements of your story] -- it's a trend on tiktok

platforms to promote your book:

tiktok (#booktok)

instagram (#books, #readers, #bookstagram)

tumblr (#readers, #bookblr, #writers of tumblr, #reading, #writers, #book reccs; don't just use writer hashtags, is what i'm saying)

wix or the like to make your website

twitter (a lot of authors have official twitter accounts. once again, i never bothered OOPS)

youtube (making videos talking about your book--the ogs of this blog know LOL-- compiling playlists, etc)

also, don't be afraid to make or commission art for your ocs. speaking of which...

5.0 the cover and the blurb

you can't avoid it anymore. you need to make a cover and write a back of the book blurb // synopsis for your book.

YES i know its hard to describe your book in a non-spoilery, enticing way. work on it. struggle through it. get help. but get it done. you can't finish your cover until it is done.

NOTE! if you are making your own cover, the dimensions are only going to be .25" longer than your page dimensions if it is hardcover. ALSO you gotta make it a pdf file. one pdf file that contains the back of the book, the spine, and the front of the book laid out as one page. this is why you need to get the blurb down.

if you're making it by yourself: play around with fonts, use canva + photopea // photoshop. add chrome, but not too much chrome. use references and easter eggs of important plot elements for your visual pieces. current book trend is text-dominant covers with interesting font and stylistic elements. i.e. tov has the title "throne of vengeance" as the main eye-catcher, in a metallic, legible but stylistic font, BUT there is the dragon ouroborous ring and the iron-rose dagger on the cover as well. the colours are intentional. the entire cover is an easter egg for the book, almost like a spoiler for those who know. make it engaging. enticing. you wanna draw readers in, but also make fans hyperanalyze and interpret the elements you chose.

another thing--you'll need to know your page count to know how thick the spine should be. so bear that in mind.

commissioning an artist may be expensive. i actually did commission someone for tov. i probably wont for the remainder of the series since this was the most expensive part for me. depending on who you get, it can range from $300 - >$1000. so just keep that in mind. i queried a lot before i commissioned the artist for my cover. and she was very in tune with the books themes, the symbolic motifs, and the general aura of the story when she created the cover. that is a good cover artist. don't pay someone if they dont take the time to learn about your book before making the cover.

resources to use:

photoshop/photopea

canva

reedsy (for finding artists to commission)

i can't think of anymore on the top of my head oops. ALSO if you're gonna use images, pay attention to copyright. you can't use copyrighted pinterest images for your covers. just saying.

6.0 the final read-through:

it should have been some months by now. time to read through your own book, start to finish, and see how you like it. catch any last minute errors, see whether you're satisfied with the end product, make any final revisions. this is the draft you're going to submit for preorder. the pdf cover will be your cover. the blurb will be your blurb.

also, in this phase, add your dedications, your acknowledgements, and your author blurb. oh yeah babes you need a headshot. i just used a picture from vacation LOL oops i dont like taking headshot pictures i got lazy womp womp.

anyways, your author blurb should describe you in a tag line (G.K> Multani, otherwise known as Naveena Khedar, is a pre-med student with a passion for writing... or something like that). then describe your credentials. have you written before? doesn't have to be same genre, but you want to represent your portfolio. list other books, articles, or journals you've written. then you as a person--hobbies, interest, etc outside of writing. finally, list your socials or where people can find you.

7.0 preorders and marketing:

publish the draft on KDP and ingram spark for preorder. announce that your book is available for preorder. it should take about a week for it to be approved and the preorder link to go live. and then repeat the marketing steps from step 4, but this time with your cover and a link to shove down people's throats :)

8.0 publish!

the date it goes live, make it an event! host a live-publish session! do something fun! have a party! do a book signing! go buckwild go crazy!

i did a live-vc session and unboxing.

oh yeah, also... while we're here. go buy/read my book.

Throne of Vengeance Official Synopsis

Buy my book, Throne of Vengeance: Volume One

Read Throne of Vengeance: Volume One PDF

lol :)

--

okay i have to go back to studying for exams. let me know if i missed anything.

COPYRIGHT YOUR BOOKS.

okay cheerios bye!

[that-fall-guy]

Em dashes without spaces are an American grammar thing, in the UK it’s with spaces

Ok I'll bite!! You've got me curious about a variety of details. Is this a widespread UK vs US issue? Have I been lied to my entire life? Is it just because I went to weird schools? Is it simply a difference in the primary style guide used in most American vs UK schools? So I've done a good bit of research. It seems to be a style guide difference, from what I can tell.

The 1984 edition of the MLA Handbook claims writers should use two hyphens in place of a dash--like this. There are no spaces before or after. The 2009 edition gives the same advice, but points out that a word processor will likely transform two hyphens into an em-dash. It does not mention attempting to revert this change, but rather maintains the change in the examples that follow the passage, like so: "The colors of the costume—blue, scarlet, and yellow—acquire symbolic meaning in the story" and "Ruthlessness and acute sensitivity, greed and compassion—the main character's contradictory qualities prevent any simple interpretation of the film." I am unable to find a more recent edition of the MLA Handbook that is available for free. If anyone has a copy of the 2021 edition or later, I would love to see the section on punctuation, specifically those regarding hyphens and dashes!

According to the 2017 edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, it appears an em-dash is again used without spaces, as clarified in a response to a user's question on the website: "It allows, in a manner similar to parentheses, an additional thought to be added within a sentence by sort of breaking away from that sentence—as I’ve done here." The source text itself clarifies the same thing in various other examples. If there is a more recent edition I am not aware of it, but if it says something different, again, I would love to hear it!

APA is much more difficult to locate. As far as I can tell, it seems to follow the same format as MLA, at least according to a source that cites the 6th edition. APA is currently, I believe, in its 7th edition, though, so there is a chance the proper use of an em-dash was changed between versions. "An em dash might set off a phrase at the end of a sentence—like this one. Or, em dashes may set off a phrase midsentence—a technique that really draws a reader’s attention—as they do in this sentence." Another source that draws from APA 7th Edition appears to give an example pulled directly from the APA stylebook: "‘Social adjustment—but not academic adjustment—was associated with extraversion’.(APA7, p. 157)"

According to the 2016 AP Stylebook's section on punctuation, em-dashes have one space before and one space after them, except in the case of dashes indicating a list, in which case they begin on a new line and have a space only between the dash and its subsequent word. An example of an em-dash as given in the stylebook is thus: "Through her long reign, the queen and her family have adapted — usually skillfully — to the changing taste of the time."

There's an interesting divide, then, between the Associated Press and the other common style guides. UPitt clarifies that, generally, APA style is used in education, psychology, and science fields; MLA is used in the Humanities; and Chicago is used in business, history, and fine arts fields. A separate source, the blog "CMOS Shop Talk," also mentions that AP style is used in journalism. Interestingly, AP is also the only one of the four major styles that does not utilize the Oxford comma.

Chicago style is the most common styleguide used by publishers, and is thus the styleguide which should probably be used by fiction authors (incl. fanfic authors). Of course, fanfic is much less patrolled and can be written however authors want; it's fun, and that's all it needs to be! I'm just very picky about my own grammar and you've prompted me to actually dig deep and research why I write the way I write. In the future I'll probably read up a bit more on Chicago style, and see if there's anything I should change in my own grammar when writing fics. It's also good to keep in mind when I write mixed media like newspapers or fictional thesis papers...!

To clarify, I didn't do all this research and write all this up specifically to prove you right or wrong or anything, nonny! I was just curious and figured I may as well write down my findings for my own future reference, and that of anyone who wants to read it : ]

[maniculum]

Google Docs vs. Geoffrey Chaucer

A while back, just for fun, I pitted Google Docs's fancy new (read: hilariously inept) machine-learning spellchecker against a chapter of my dissertation that contained a lot of quotations from Le Morte Darthur:

At the time I suggested I might go back and do the same with the chapters that included substantial quotation from the Canterbury Tales and (shudder) Piers Plowman... and today I find myself with little better to do, so let's give it a go. Below the cut.

Extremely helpful there, thanks. For the curious, gilofre is a plant; in Modern English it's gillyflower. Clowe is just "clove". "Clowe-galofre" is nowhere on Google or in the OED, but it seems "Galofre" is an attested surname, so Google thinks maybe that's what I meant.

Fascinating choices here. That is of course meant to be nutmeg, and Google Docs has seemingly decided that putting in a space to turn one misspelled word into two words, one of which is spelled correctly, is a positive development. That or this is a continuation of the previously-observed trend that Google turns things into brands and corporation as much as possible -- apparently there is a company called "Emuge-Franken", which is the only result for "emuge" on Google Search.

It hasn't gotten anything right so far, by the way -- all those red underlines I haven't screenshotted anything for, it either suggests a word that is wrong but unremarkably so, or fails to suggest anything.

(Never mind, it got a couple right in between the last one and this one.)

This is interesting in that it shows Google Docs interprets things differently based on capitalization. This instance of bityde is capitalized because it's at the beginning of the line; the other one in the phrase bityde what bityde, which isn't capitalized, Google is able to correctly interpret as "betide". However, it seems to think the first is a proper noun and makes different suggestions. (Blyde is the Afrikaans name of the Motlatse River in South Africa, it would seem.)

I am reluctantly forced to hand it to Google Docs with this one. Like, no, that's not what Chaucer meant of course, but I can respect the shot being taken. Also interesting that it gets the blue underline because you can't really spell a transliteration wrong, but that's not how the system we normally use renders it. Not sure why spere "spear" (Google suggests "sphere") and vestiments "vestments" (Google gets this one right) are also marked as blue (style/grammar) rather than red (spelling), though.

... and now I'm taking what I just handed to Google Docs back away. WTF is this? Why...? you know what, we're moving on.

Bafflingly, Google thinks there is nothing at all unusual about that first line. Yep, that's normal Modern English there.

And here's our first example in this post of Google Docs trying to suggest a spelling that is also in Middle English, because I very much suspect the data it uses has been contaminated. Actually, come to think, if their machine learning system bases its judgments on what other users write rather than the old system with a set dictionary, I bet all the people writing papers about pre-standardized-spelling English literature are really screwing up the data. Which is hilarious -- if true, that would mean that I'm actually part of the problem for writing this whole dissertation full of Middle English quotes in Google Docs.

You might think this is another example of the same, but in fact the change from -ioun to -ion makes that suspect, and the Middle English Dictionary doesn't recognize it without the <u>. And if you Google Refleccion, all the results are in Spanish. However, I can't seem to find it in a Spanish-English dictionary, and those same dictionaries tell me the Spanish for reflection is reflexion -- maybe this is a variant spelling? I only have basic high-school Spanish to draw on here, so if any of my followers are fluent and can explain refleccion to me, I would be interested to learn.

Hm... no, that's not right either. Although a quick Google search tells me that there is a YA book called Physik, so that's probably what's screwing up this one. Probably not ideal for that sort of thing to happen.

And this one, it seems, is French. (Again, according to the Middle English Dictionary, all the attested Middle English spellings have the <u> -- but the French cognate is in fact spelled just like Google suggests, as far as I can tell. I don't speak French at all, though, so grain of salt.) I wonder how that happened -- do non-English words just kind of drift into the machine-learning system's vocabulary? Possibly through the same mechanism I speculated about with the Middle English above -- i.e., people write documents that are mostly in English, but contain some quotations or something in other languages, and if that happens enough, Google starts to think it's an English word?

Wait, is that maybe what's screwing a lot of this up? Either Google's system is going "This document is in English, so all the words in it are English words" and thus stuff just keeps bleeding between languages and screwing up the dictionary, OR Google's system is just kind of language-agnostic and sees no issue with suggesting French words in a document that's mostly in English? Is this why there are so many words that aren't correct Modern English spelling, but which Google Docs doesn't mark wrong? Like, they happen to line up with words in other languages, so Google just thinks you're borrowing really haphazardly throughout?

Also, side note, it tried to correct "hir" to "hirt", which is not an English word, but apparently stands for High Impact Resistance Training. Moving on.

Shenden is a Middle English verb that basically means "to damage or destroy". You don't really see it much in Modern English, though the OED has a couple examples of 20th-century usage. Anyway, I thought this was another case of Google bringing in different Middle English words, but a quick search tells me "Sente" is a skincare brand. That's probably more relevant.

Google Docs again just ignoring whole lines.

Odd choice there, sight being closer than site in terms of spelling. Maybe the algorithm assumes that if you end with an <e> you probably mean the second one.

Interesting, Google Docs. Why do you think that should be "night"? (Oddly, it actually gets all the red-underlined words in this line correct, meaning it pretty much has the context of the word.) Somewhat weird suggestion there.

I'm about a quarter of the way through the document and I think this is long enough for now; I'll probably come back and reblog with additions later. Before I go, however, here are my lists of "things spellcheck should be able to fix but can't" from what I've gone through so far.

First, spellings that differ from Modern English by only one letter, but which completely stump Google Docs (i.e., it marks them wrong but only gives the "why am I not seeing a suggestion?" message):

Goute ("gout")

Herbes ("herbs")

Melodye ("melody")

Smale ("small")

Swete ("sweet")

Syde ("side")

Ther ("there")

Wel ("well")

And second, words that are not correct in Modern English but that Google Docs does not mark wrong:

Anoon ("anon")

Attempree ("a temperate")

Beautee ("beauty")

Bowle ("bowl")

Dar nat ("dare not")

Daunce ("dance")

Dede ("dead")

Doon ("do")

Dronke ("drank")

Dronken ("drunken")

Fyr ("fire")

Gyse ("guise")

Hadde ("had")

Hir ("her")

Hir ("their")

Hond ("hand")

Lak ("lack")

Lakked ("lacked")

Lordes ("lords")

Maad ("made")

Pyne ("pain")

Rasour ("razor")

Sayde ("said")

Shere ("shear")

Som ("some)

Sondry ("sundry")

Spyces ("spices")

Styward ("steward")

Syk ("sick")

Thencens ("the incense")

Usshers ("ushers")

Wente ("went")

Wyf ("wife")

Y-goon ("gone")

[melissa-titanium]

people need to do more text posts where they speak like reigen. like could you imagine homestuck character analysis in the way reigen navigates himself in a social scenario. he has such an interesting way of speaking

A MONTH. BUT . Ineed to ineed to find more character anaylses on mp100 characs;rs so ican. ..... get a grasp on wtf their deals are...saw a REAAAAAAAAAAAALLLLLLLY good katsuya & sho analysis earlier today im gonna be thinking about it all day. UR SO FUCKING RIGHT THO OMG PLLLLLLLEAAAAAAASEEEEEE INEED INEED TO SEE HOW PEOPLE WOULD REPLICATE HIS WAY OF SPEAKING VIA TEXT. ive seen so many people say he woudl use 👈🖖🫱👈🖖🤏🫰✌️✌️🫲🤙🤙🤘🫴🫳🫰🫰🫸👌✋🤞👇👎🤛 emojis and shit and like IDK . idk . typing style headcanons r one of my favorite things to fuck aroumd with because of homestuck its so interesting to think about. like what woudl their typing quirk be. ITHINKALOT ABOUT SHIGES TYPING STYLE ACTUALLY i cant recall if we ever actually see him text anyone but im soooo fucking curious. i see a big balancing point between everypnes general consensus in being "He would type with perfect syntax." vs "he would type in all lowercase with no punctuation" and im leaning towards the former because proper grammar looks friendlier to me but the latter could be interesting. teru canonically makes puns w/his name over text & also uses emojis i think so we have that going for himNO WAIT U KNOW WHAT WHY AM I THINKING ABOUT THIS THIS IS ABOUT TEXTPOSTS NOT FUCKING TYPING QUIRKS . IM . FYUCJ. WENT INTO A TANGENT

[adbros]

Is school teaching us writing the proper way?

The argument that schools teach young people to write in a way that doesn't fully prepare them for the professional world is a topic of ongoing debate. There are several reasons why this perception exists:

Academic vs. Professional Writing: Schools often prioritize teaching academic writing, which includes essays, research papers, and structured formats. While these skills are valuable, they can differ significantly from the types of writing required in many professional settings. Academic writing tends to be more formal, structured, and focused on analysis, whereas professional writing often requires clarity, conciseness, and adaptability to various contexts.

Standardized Testing: Many educational systems place a heavy emphasis on standardized tests, like the SAT or ACT, which have specific essay formats and grading criteria. This can reinforce the idea that there is a single "correct" way to write an essay, which may not apply in the real world.

Lack of Real-World Context: Classroom writing assignments are often disconnected from real-world applications. Students may not see the relevance of their writing to their future careers, leading to a perception that what they learn doesn't apply outside the classroom.

Emphasis on Grammar and Syntax: While grammar and syntax are essential, an excessive focus on these elements can lead students to prioritize correctness over effective communication. In professional settings, clear communication and persuasion often matter more than strict adherence to grammatical rules.

Limited Exposure to Diverse Writing Styles: Schools may not expose students to a wide range of writing styles and formats used in various professions. This can leave students ill-prepared for the diversity of writing tasks they may encounter in their careers.

Digital Communication: With the rise of digital communication, professional writing has evolved to include emails, social media posts, and other forms of online communication. These mediums often have different conventions and expectations than traditional essay writing, and schools may not adequately address these shifts.

Changing Professional Landscape: The professional world is continually evolving, and the types of writing required can vary greatly depending on the field and industry. Schools may struggle to keep pace with these changes and provide relevant instruction.

It's important to note that while there may be limitations in how schools teach writing, academic writing skills are still valuable. Learning how to structure arguments, conduct research, and convey ideas clearly and persuasively are important foundational skills that can be adapted to various professional contexts. However, there is room for improvement in how writing is taught to better prepare students for the realities of the professional world. This might involve incorporating more real-world writing tasks, providing exposure to diverse writing styles, and emphasizing the importance of clarity and adaptability in communication.

[worldseo123service]

Achieving Proaccuracy in Academic Writing Through Dissertation Proofreading

In the world of academia, the quality of writing can significantly influence the perception and credibility of scholarly work. Among the most critical components of academic writing is the dissertation, a comprehensive document that represents years of research, learning, and intellectual growth. For students pursuing advanced degrees, the dissertation is often the culmination of their academic journey. However, no matter how groundbreaking the research might be, if the writing lacks clarity, coherence, and accuracy, it can undermine the entire work. This is where dissertation proofreading becomes indispensable.

The Importance of Dissertation Proofreading

Proofreading is the final stage of the editing process, focusing on surface errors such as grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting. While it may seem like a minor step, dissertation proofreading ensures that the final document is polished and free from errors that could distract or confuse the reader.

When done correctly, dissertation proofreading enhances the proaccuracy of a document—ensuring that it communicates ideas with precision, professionalism, and academic integrity. Academic institutions often hold strict standards for presentation and structure, making it crucial to submit work that reflects these expectations.

Common Issues in Dissertations That Require Proofreading

Even the most diligent writers can overlook small errors after working on the same document for months. Dissertation proofreading helps identify and correct:

Grammatical errors: Misuse of tenses, subject-verb agreement, and misplaced modifiers.

Spelling mistakes: Typos, regional spelling inconsistencies (e.g., American vs. British English).

Punctuation issues: Misplaced commas, quotation mark errors, or missing periods.

Formatting inconsistencies: In-text citation errors, incorrect referencing style, inconsistent headings.

Clarity and flow issues: Awkward phrasing, repetition, or overly complex sentence structures.

Without proper proofreading, these issues can impact the overall readability and professionalism of the dissertation.

Proaccuracy: A Standard to Strive For

The term proaccuracy—a combination of "professional" and "accuracy"—represents the gold standard in academic and professional writing. It reflects a commitment to not only correct grammar and syntax but also to maintaining the credibility, integrity, and intellectual rigor of the content. Dissertation proofreading plays a critical role in achieving proaccuracy by:

Ensuring consistency in terminology, tone, and citation style.

Maintaining academic voice appropriate for dissertations, free of colloquialisms or informal expressions.

Highlighting logical coherence, making sure each section transitions smoothly into the next.

Upholding formatting standards, which is essential for meeting institutional requirements.

Professional proofreaders with experience in academic writing understand the specific needs of dissertations and can offer objective insights that writers themselves may miss.

Human vs. Automated Proofreading

In the age of AI and grammar-checking software, some might wonder whether human proofreading is still necessary. While tools like Grammarly or Microsoft Word’s spellcheck can catch basic errors, they fall short in identifying nuanced problems in tone, logic, or context. Human proofreaders can interpret meaning, understand subject-specific language, and ensure that citations and references follow the required academic style.

For a dissertation—where every sentence contributes to your academic credibility—relying solely on automated tools can be a costly mistake. Human dissertation proofreading brings the benefit of experience, critical thinking, and a tailored approach, all of which are essential for achieving proaccuracy.

The Process of Dissertation Proofreading

Effective dissertation proofreading involves several steps:

Initial Read-Through: Understanding the overall structure, tone, and content of the dissertation.

Error Identification: Spotting grammatical, spelling, and punctuation issues.

Consistency Checks: Ensuring uniformity in terminology, headings, and citation styles.

Clarity Enhancement: Rewriting unclear sentences and improving sentence flow while preserving the writer’s original meaning.

Final Review: A final pass to ensure all corrections have been made and no new errors were introduced.

Students can choose to proofread their own work, seek peer review, or hire a professional proofreader with expertise in academic documents.

Choosing a Dissertation Proofreading Service

When selecting a dissertation proofreading service, it’s important to consider:

Experience with academic writing

Familiarity with specific citation styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.)

Turnaround time and flexibility

Confidentiality and data protection

Track record of helping students meet academic standards

Look for providers who emphasize accuracy and professionalism—two pillars of proaccuracy. Some services even offer sample edits, so students can evaluate the quality before committing.

Final Thoughts

In academic writing, precision matters. A well-researched dissertation deserves to be presented in its best possible form. Dissertation proofreading is not just about correcting errors—it's about refining your voice, strengthening your arguments, and presenting your work with the proaccuracy it deserves.

By investing in high-quality proofreading, students can boost the credibility of their research, impress academic reviewers, and increase their chances of academic and professional success. Whether you're submitting your first draft or preparing for the final defense, never underestimate the power of a clean, polished dissertation. Let dissertation proofreading be your final step toward academic excellence.

[engrammonline]

Grammar in a Month: How to Achieve Mastery in 30 Days

Mastering English grammar is essential for effective communication, whether you’re writing an email, crafting an essay, or speaking in public. If you’re looking to elevate your grammar skills in a structured way, dedicating 30 days to focused practice can yield impressive results. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to achieve grammar mastery in just one month.

Week 1: Foundations of Grammar

Day 1: Understanding Parts of Speech

Start by reviewing the eight parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Resource: Use online grammar websites or textbooks to find definitions and examples.

Day 2: Sentence Structure

Learn about different sentence types (declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory).

Practice identifying these sentence types in texts.

Day 3: Subject-Verb Agreement

Study rules for subject-verb agreement, focusing on singular and plural subjects.

Exercise: Create sentences that correctly follow these rules.

Day 4: Tenses and Their Uses

Familiarize yourself with the three main tenses: past, present, and future, including their simple, perfect, and continuous forms.

Practice converting sentences from one tense to another.

Day 5: Punctuation Basics

Review basic punctuation rules, including the use of commas, periods, and question marks.

Practice writing sentences using correct punctuation.

Day 6: Common Sentence Errors

Study common grammatical errors, such as run-on sentences and fragments.

Exercise: Identify and correct errors in sample sentences.

Day 7: Weekly Review

Review everything you’ve learned this week. Quiz yourself or use flashcards to reinforce key concepts.

Week 2: Building on Basics

Day 8: Clauses and Phrases

Learn the difference between independent and dependent clauses, as well as various types of phrases (noun, verb, prepositional).

Practice identifying them in complex sentences.

Day 9: Modifiers and Their Placement

Study adjectives and adverbs, focusing on proper placement to avoid confusion.

Exercise: Rewrite sentences to correct misplaced modifiers.

Day 10: Active vs. Passive Voice

Understand the difference between active and passive voice and when to use each.

Practice converting sentences from passive to active voice.

Day 11: Conditional Sentences

Explore conditional sentences and their forms (zero, first, second, and third conditionals).

Exercise: Create sentences for each type of conditional.

Day 12: Reported Speech

Learn how to use reported speech, focusing on changes in tense and pronouns.

Practice converting direct speech into reported speech.

Day 13: Vocabulary Building

Enhance your vocabulary by learning synonyms and antonyms for commonly used words.

Exercise: Write sentences using new vocabulary.

Day 14: Weekly Review

Quiz yourself on the concepts from the second week. Consider writing a short paragraph that incorporates everything you’ve learned.

Week 3: Advanced Grammar Concepts

Day 15: Advanced Punctuation

Study more complex punctuation, including semicolons, colons, and dashes.

Practice using these punctuation marks in sentences.

Day 16: Sentence Variety

Learn about varying sentence length and structure to create a more engaging writing style.

Exercise: Rewrite a paragraph to include a variety of sentence types.

Day 17: Parallel Structure

Understand the importance of parallelism in writing for clarity and rhythm.

Practice identifying and correcting parallel structure issues in sentences.

Day 18: Commonly Confused Words

Focus on words that are often confused, such as “affect” vs. “effect,” or “their,” “there,” and “they’re.”

Create a reference sheet to help remember these distinctions.

Day 19: Idiomatic Expressions

Familiarize yourself with common idiomatic expressions in English and their meanings.

Use them in sentences to practice context.

Day 20: Grammar in Context

Read short articles or excerpts and analyze their grammatical structure.

Take notes on effective use of grammar in context.

Day 21: Weekly Review

Assess your understanding of advanced concepts with exercises and quizzes.

Week 4: Application and Practice

Day 22: Writing Practice

Write a short essay or article on a topic of your choice, focusing on incorporating the grammar concepts you’ve learned.

Revise your work to enhance clarity and correctness.

Day 23: Peer Review

Share your writing with a friend or online group for feedback on grammar and style.

Revise based on constructive criticism.

Day 24: Grammar Games

Engage in grammar games or quizzes online to make learning fun and interactive.

Use platforms like Kahoot! or Quizlet.

Day 25: Daily Writing Habit

Start a journal to practice writing daily. Focus on incorporating varied grammar structures.

Set aside time each day to reflect and write.

Day 26: Explore Grammar Resources

Discover grammar books, websites, and videos that can offer further insights and practice.

Choose a resource that resonates with your learning style.

Day 27: Focus on Speaking

Practice speaking using correct grammar. You could record yourself or practice with a partner.

Pay attention to pronunciation and grammatical accuracy.

Day 28: Final Review

Review all the concepts you’ve learned over the month. Identify areas where you feel strong and areas that still need improvement.

Day 29: Take a Grammar Test

Challenge yourself with an online grammar test to assess your mastery.

Use this as an opportunity to gauge your progress.

Day 30: Celebrate Your Progress

Reflect on your journey over the past 30 days. Celebrate your achievements, and set new goals for continued grammar improvement.

Conclusion

Developing English grammar mastery in 30 days is an achievable goal with dedication and structured practice. By following this plan, you’ll not only strengthen your grammar skills but also enhance your overall communication abilities. Remember, mastery is a journey, so keep practicing and exploring the nuances of the English language beyond these 30 days!

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[mrmasukmia]

HIX.AI Review 2024 | The Best AI Writing Tool for Efficient Content Creation

Discover why HIX.AI is the leading AI-powered writing tool in 2024. Learn about features, benefits, and how it compares to competitors. Boost productivity with AI.

Introduction

In the age of content-driven marketing, the demand for faster, high-quality content is growing rapidly. AI writing tools like HIX.AI have emerged as game-changers, enabling writers, marketers, and businesses to streamline their content creation processes. This comprehensive review dives deep into HIX.AI, analyzing its features, benefits, pricing, and how it stands out among other AI-powered writing tools.

Whether you're a freelancer looking to increase your content output or a business aiming to improve your SEO rankings, HIX.AI promises to be a reliable partner. But how does it really perform? Let's find out.

What is HIX.AI?

HIX.AI is an artificial intelligence-powered writing assistant designed to help users generate content faster, improve SEO performance, and create polished, grammatically correct articles with minimal effort. The platform uses advanced natural language processing (NLP) to generate human-like content, making it a favorite among businesses, bloggers, and digital marketers.

How Does HIX.AI Work?

Using machine learning, HIX.AI analyzes inputs such as keywords, prompts, and contextual information to generate content tailored to the user’s specific needs. The tool excels at producing various types of content, including blog posts, marketing copy, social media posts, and product descriptions, all while ensuring proper grammar and coherence.

Key Features of HIX.AI

1. Automated Content Generation

HIX.AI allows users to create blog posts, articles, and marketing materials in minutes by simply inputting a topic or set of keywords.

2. SEO Optimization

With built-in SEO features, HIX.AI suggests keywords, helps optimize meta tags, and structures content to improve search engine rankings.

3. Plagiarism Detection

Ensuring original content is crucial for SEO and brand reputation. HIX.AI includes a plagiarism checker to guarantee that all content generated is unique.

4. Grammar and Style Check

HIX.AI’s AI engine is designed to identify and correct grammatical errors, improving the readability and professionalism of your content.

5. Content Customization

Users can choose from multiple tones, writing styles, and content formats to personalize the output to suit different audiences and purposes.

HIX.AI vs. Competitors: What Sets It Apart?

While there are many AI-powered writing tools on the market, HIX.AI offers a unique blend of features that make it stand out.

More Diverse Content Output: Compared to tools like Jasper AI and Rytr, HIX.AI generates a wider variety of content formats, making it a versatile choice for both long-form content and quick social media updates.

Advanced SEO Suggestions: The platform provides more in-depth SEO guidance, offering keyword suggestions, content structuring, and performance metrics.

User-Friendly Interface: HIX.AI is designed for ease of use, even for those who aren’t tech-savvy, making it an accessible tool for freelancers and small business owners.

How to Use HIX.AI Effectively

Step 1: Input Your Keywords or Topic

Begin by selecting your desired content type (e.g., blog post, email, product description) and provide relevant keywords or a brief description.

Step 2: Customize the Content

HIX.AI offers options to tailor the output to your audience’s tone and style, whether you’re aiming for a formal, casual, or creative tone.

Step 3: Generate and Review

Click “Generate” and review the content for any adjustments. You can fine-tune the output as needed, ensuring it aligns with your goals.

Step 4: Optimize for SEO

Use the built-in SEO suggestions to optimize headings, meta descriptions, and content structure to boost rankings.

Pros and Cons of HIX.AI

Pros:

Speed: Content creation in a fraction of the time compared to manual writing.

SEO Optimization: Automatically improves your content for better search engine visibility.

User-Friendly: Simple interface makes it accessible to all levels of writers.

Multi-Language Support: Generate content in multiple languages, expanding your global reach.

Cons:

Customization Limitations: While HIX.AI is versatile, it sometimes struggles with specific niche content that requires deep expertise.

Cost: For small businesses, the pricing might be higher compared to simpler tools like Rytr.

Pricing Plans

HIX.AI offers a variety of pricing tiers to meet different needs:

Basic Plan: $25/month – Ideal for individual users looking to generate content occasionally.

Pro Plan: $49/month – Includes advanced SEO features, plagiarism checking, and unlimited content generation.

Enterprise Plan: Custom pricing – Designed for large businesses requiring bulk content production and additional customization.

Common Use Cases for HIX.AI

Bloggers and Content Creators: HIX.AI allows content creators to scale their output, saving time without sacrificing quality.

SEO Specialists: With its advanced SEO tools, HIX.AI helps SEO professionals optimize web content to improve rankings.

Small Businesses: Small businesses can use HIX.AI to create professional marketing copy, blog posts, and social media updates at an affordable rate.

Areas Where HIX.AI Can Improve

While HIX.AI is a powerful tool, there are areas for potential improvement:

Industry-Specific Knowledge: For highly technical fields, the AI may produce content that lacks in-depth expertise.

Higher Customization for Tone: Some users may find that they need more flexibility in adjusting the tone and voice of the content generated.

Additional Tools for AI Writing

To complement HIX.AI, consider using the following tools for a more comprehensive content strategy:

Grammarly: For in-depth grammar and style checks beyond the basics.

Surfer SEO: Use Surfer SEO for more advanced keyword analysis and optimization.

Hemingway Editor: Enhance readability by simplifying complex sentences.

Final Thoughts: Is HIX.AI the Best AI Writing Tool for You?

If you’re looking for an AI-powered writing assistant that offers comprehensive content generation, SEO optimization, and a user-friendly interface, HIX.AI is certainly a top contender. It’s ideal for bloggers, digital marketers, and businesses that need a quick, scalable solution for content creation. However, for those in niche industries requiring specialized knowledge, additional human editing may still be necessary.

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[assignmenthelper251]

What is the most common mistake Malaysian students make when writing academic papers?

Academic writing is a fundamental skill for Malaysian students pursuing higher education. From essays to research papers, the ability to articulate ideas clearly and coherently through written language is pivotal. However, amidst the demands of academic life, students often encounter challenges that compromise the quality of their papers. This article delves into the most prevalent mistakes Malaysian students make when writing academic papers and offers practical advice on how to avoid them, ensuring better academic outcomes.

1. Lack of Clear Thesis Statement

Importance of a Strong Thesis Statement

One of the foremost errors Malaysian students commit is the failure to establish a clear and focused thesis statement. A thesis statement serves as the foundation of an academic paper, succinctly outlining the main argument or purpose. Without a robust thesis statement, papers lack direction and fail to engage readers effectively.

What constitutes a clear thesis statement?

A well-crafted thesis statement should:

Clearly state the main argument or position.

Be specific and concise, providing a roadmap for the paper's structure.

Address the "so what?" factor, explaining why the topic matters.

Examples of weak vs. strong thesis statements

Weak thesis statement: "Education is important." Strong thesis statement: "The integration of digital learning tools in Malaysian secondary schools enhances student engagement and academic performance."

2. Poor Structure and Organization

Impact of Poor Organization on Clarity

Effective organization is integral to coherent academic writing. Malaysian students often struggle with organizing their ideas logically, resulting in papers that lack clarity and coherence. A well-structured paper not only guides readers through complex arguments but also enhances the overall readability and impact of the content.

Structuring an academic paper effectively

A well-structured academic paper typically includes:

Introduction: Introduces the topic and presents the thesis statement.

Body paragraphs: Develops key points with supporting evidence.

Conclusion: Summarizes the main arguments and reinforces the thesis.

Tools and strategies for organizing content

Utilizing outlines, mind maps, or writing frameworks can help students organize their thoughts before drafting their papers. These tools provide a visual representation of ideas and facilitate a systematic approach to writing.

3. Insufficient Research and Referencing

Importance of Proper Research

Thorough research forms the backbone of credible academic writing. Malaysian students often fall short in conducting comprehensive research or fail to cite their sources accurately. This oversight not only compromises the authenticity of their papers but also raises ethical concerns regarding plagiarism.

Reliable sources for academic papers

To enhance the quality of research, students should rely on reputable sources such as peer-reviewed journals, academic books, and credible websites relevant to their field of study.

Referencing styles commonly used in Malaysian universities

Different disciplines may require specific referencing styles such as APA, MLA, or Harvard. Understanding and adhering to these styles is crucial for maintaining academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism.

4. Language and Grammar Issues

Common Language Mistakes

Language proficiency plays a pivotal role in academic writing. However, many Malaysian students struggle with grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure, which can detract from the clarity and professionalism of their papers.

Importance of proofreading and editing

To improve language proficiency, students should prioritize proofreading and editing their papers meticulously. Utilizing grammar-checking tools and seeking feedback from peers or professors can also help refine writing skills.

5. Over-reliance on Plagiarism

Understanding Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a serious offense in academia, yet some Malaysian students resort to plagiarism by directly copying content from sources without proper attribution or paraphrasing ideas inadequately.

Consequences of plagiarism in academic writing

Plagiarism can lead to severe consequences, including failing grades, academic probation, or even expulsion from university. It undermines academic integrity and devalues the pursuit of knowledge.

How to avoid plagiarism effectively

To mitigate the risk of plagiarism, students should cite all sources used in their papers accurately, paraphrase ideas in their own words while acknowledging the original source, and use plagiarism detection tools to verify the originality of their work.

6. Failure to Meet Assignment Requirements

Importance of Following Guidelines

Each academic assignment comes with specific instructions and requirements that students must adhere to. Failure to comprehend or fulfill these guidelines is a common pitfall among Malaysian students, resulting in lost marks and diminished academic performance.

Understanding assignment prompts and requirements

Students should carefully read and analyze assignment prompts, paying attention to formatting guidelines, word count limits, citation styles, and other specified criteria.

Tips for interpreting assignment instructions

Seeking clarification from instructors, creating a checklist of requirements, and reviewing assignment rubrics can help students interpret and execute assignments accurately.

7. Lack of Critical Analysis

Developing Critical Thinking Skills

Effective academic writing involves more than just presenting information—it requires critical analysis and evaluation of ideas, theories, or evidence. Malaysian students sometimes struggle to critically engage with the content they present, resulting in superficial arguments or assertions.

Techniques for critical analysis

To enhance critical thinking skills, students should practice questioning assumptions, evaluating evidence from multiple perspectives, identifying biases, and drawing informed conclusions.

Integrating critical analysis into academic writing

Incorporating critical analysis throughout the paper demonstrates a deeper understanding of the subject matter and strengthens the credibility of arguments presented.

8. Inadequate Time Management

Challenges of Time Management

Time management is a crucial aspect of academic writing that Malaysian students often underestimate or neglect. Poor time management can lead to rushed writing, incomplete research, and substandard paper quality.

Strategies for effective time management

To improve time management skills, students should create a realistic schedule that allocates sufficient time for research, drafting, revision, and editing. Breaking down tasks into manageable segments and setting deadlines for each stage of the writing process can enhance productivity and reduce stress.

Creating a realistic schedule for writing papers

Developing a structured timeline and adhering to it ensures that students have ample time to conduct thorough research, refine arguments, and polish their papers before submission.

9. Misunderstanding Citation Styles

Common Citation Style Errors

Different academic disciplines and institutions in Malaysia may require specific citation styles such as APA, MLA, or Harvard. Misinterpreting or incorrectly applying these citation styles is a common challenge faced by Malaysian students.

APA, MLA, and Harvard styles: Differences and similarities

Students should familiarize themselves with the nuances of each citation style, including guidelines for formatting in-text citations, bibliographies, and reference lists.

How to master citation styles effectively

Utilizing citation management tools like Zotero or EndNote, consulting comprehensive style guides, and practicing citation in draft papers can help students master and apply citation styles accurately.

10. Ignoring Feedback and Revision

Importance of Feedback in Improving Writing

Feedback is invaluable in enhancing the quality of academic writing. However, some Malaysian students may overlook feedback from instructors or peers or fail to revise their papers thoroughly.

How to solicit and utilize feedback effectively

Actively seeking constructive feedback, considering suggestions for improvement, and revising drafts based on feedback can significantly enhance writing skills and clarify ideas.

Tips for revising academic papers

During the revision process, students should focus on refining arguments, improving coherence and clarity, ensuring adherence to assignment requirements, and eliminating grammatical errors or typos.

Conclusion

Summary of Key Points

In conclusion, Malaysian students face various challenges when writing academic papers, ranging from structural and organizational issues to language proficiency and citation errors. By recognizing these common mistakes and implementing strategies to address them, students can enhance their academic writing skills and produce papers that meet rigorous academic standards. Developing a clear thesis statement, improving organization and coherence, conducting thorough research, mastering citation styles, embracing critical analysis, and managing time effectively are essential steps towards becoming proficient academic writers.

If you're a Malaysian student struggling with academic writing assignments, remember that assistance is available. Websites like Assignment Helper offer professional guidance and resources to help you improve your writing skills and achieve academic success. Don't hesitate to seek support and enhance your academic journey today!

[intelligencevidyarthi]

Trickiest rules in English grammar

Trickiest rules in English grammar pertaining to commonly used words

Here are some of the most common grammar mistakes people make:

1. Confusing homophones

You’re vs. you’re — Your is possessive, while you’re is a contraction of “you are”.

They’re vs. there vs. they’re — There is possessive, there refers to a place, and there is a contraction of “they are”.

Its vs. it’s — It is possessive, while it’s is a contraction of “it is”.

2. Incorrect word choice

Less vs. fewer — Use less for uncountable nouns and fewer for countable nouns.

Affect vs. effect — Affect is usually a verb meaning “to influence,” while effect is usually a noun meaning “a result”.

Compliment vs. complement — A compliment is a nice remark, while a complement means to complete or match.

3. Punctuation errors

Misusing commas, especially with dependent clauses and introductory phrases.

Confusing apostrophes for possession vs. contractions.

Incorrect use of semicolons and colons.

4. Dangling modifiers

When a descriptive phrase doesn’t clearly modify the intended noun in the sentence. For example: “After declining for months, Jean tried a new tactic to increase ROI.”

5. Passive voice

Overuse of passive voice can make writing unclear and wordy. Active voice is usually preferable.

6. Capitalization errors

Inconsistent capitalization in titles.

Capitalizing common nouns that aren’t proper nouns.

7. Incorrect comparisons

Incomplete comparisons that don’t specify what is being compared.

Illogical comparisons, like comparing apples to oranges.

8. Pronoun errors

Unclear antecedents for pronouns.

Incorrect pronoun case, like using “me” instead of “I” in a subject position.

To avoid these common mistakes, proofread carefully, use a grammar checker, and refer to style guides for specific rules. Consistent practice is key to improving your grammar skills.

[progress-log]

git-commit The contributors to these repositories know that a well-crafted Git commit message is the best way to communicate context about a change to fellow developers (and indeed to their future selves). A diff will tell you what changed, but only the commit message can properly tell you why. Peter Hutterer makes this point well: Re-establishing the context of a piece of code is wasteful. We can’t avoid it completely, so our efforts should go to reducing it [as much] as possible. Commit messages can do exactly that and as a result, a commit message shows whether a developer is a good collaborator.

A well-cared for log is a beautiful and useful thing. A project’s long-term success rests (among other things) on its maintainability, and a maintainer has few tools more powerful than his project’s log. It’s worth taking the time to learn how to care for one properly. What may be a hassle at first soon becomes habit, and eventually a source of pride and productivity for all involved. In this post, I am addressing just the most basic element of keeping a healthy commit history: how to write an individual commit message. There are other important practices like commit squashing that I am not addressing here.

In order to create a useful revision history, teams should first agree on a commit message convention that defines at least the following three things:

Style. Markup syntax, wrap margins, grammar, capitalization, punctuation. Spell these things out, remove the guesswork, and make it all as simple as possible. The end result will be a remarkably consistent log that’s not only a pleasure to read but that actually does get read on a regular basis.

Content. What kind of information should the body of the commit message (if any) contain? What should it not contain?

Metadata. How should issue tracking IDs, pull request numbers, etc. be referenced? The seven rules of a great Git commit message

Separate subject from body with a blank line

Limit the subject line to 50 characters

Capitalize the subject line

Do not end the subject line with a period

Use the imperative mood in the subject line

Wrap the body at 72 characters

Use the body to explain what and why vs. how

Firstly, not every commit requires both a subject and a body. Sometimes a single line is fine, especially when the change is so simple that no further context is necessary. For example:

Fix typo in introduction to user guide

Nothing more need be said; if the reader wonders what the typo was, she can simply take a look at the change itself, i.e. use git show or git diff or git log -p. However, when a commit merits a bit of explanation and context, you need to write a body. For example:

Derezz the master control program MCP turned out to be evil and had become intent on world domination. This commit throws Tron's disc into MCP (causing its deresolution) and turns it back into a chess game.

Commit messages with bodies are not so easy to write with the -m option. You’re better off writing the message in a proper text editor.

—

Example:

Summarize changes in around 50 characters or less More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72 characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the subject of the commit and the rest of the text as the body. The blank line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless you omit the body entirely); various tools like `log`, `shortlog` and `rebase` can get confused if you run the two together. Explain the problem that this commit is solving. Focus on why you are making this change as opposed to how (the code explains that). Are there side effects or other unintuitive consequences of this change? Here's the place to explain them. Further paragraphs come after blank lines. - Bullet points are okay, too - Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded by a single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions vary here If you use an issue tracker, put references to them at the bottom, like this: Resolves: #123 See also: #456, #789

5. Use the Imperative Mood The imperative can sound a little rude; that’s why we don’t often use it. But it’s perfect for Git commit subject lines. One reason for this is that Git itself uses the imperative whenever it creates a commit on your behalf. Writing this way can be a little awkward at first. We’re more used to speaking in the indicative mood, which is all about reporting facts. That’s why commit messages often end up reading like this:

Fixed bug with Y

Changing behavior of X

And sometimes commit messages get written as a description of their contents:

More fixes for broken stuff

Sweet new API methods

To remove any confusion, here’s a simple rule to get it right every time.

A properly formed Git commit subject line should always be able to complete the following sentence:

If applied, this commit will your subject line here

6. Wrap the body at 72 characters

Git never wraps text automatically. When you write the body of a commit message, you must mind its right margin, and wrap text manually.

The recommendation is to do this at 72 characters, so that Git has plenty of room to indent text while still keeping everything under 80 characters overall.

A good text editor can help here. It’s easy to configure Vim, for example, to wrap text at 72 characters when you’re writing a Git commit. Traditionally, however, IDEs have been terrible at providing smart support for text wrapping in commit messages (although in recent versions, IntelliJ IDEA has finally gotten better about this).

Take a look at the full diff and just think how much time the author is saving fellow and future committers by taking the time to provide this context here and now. If he didn’t, it would probably be lost forever.

[englishbhashi]

English Grammar Masterclass: Unlocking Fluency

Fluency in any language is a cherished skill that opens doors to effective communication, both personally and professionally. When it comes to English, being proficient in its grammar is the key to unlocking fluency and expressing oneself with clarity and precision. Whether you are a native English speaker looking to refine your language skills or a non-native learner seeking to improve, this English Grammar Masterclass will equip you with the necessary tools to achieve linguistic excellence.

Expand Your Knowledge with EnglishBhashi!

1. The Foundation: Parts of Speech Understanding the basic building blocks of language is essential. Dive into the world of parts of speech — nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Grasping their roles and relationships within sentences lays a strong foundation for constructing meaningful expressions.

2. Sentence Structure: The Art of Syntax Explore the art of constructing sentences with proper syntax. Unravel the various sentence types — simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex — and discover how to use them effectively. Comprehending syntax empowers you to create varied and engaging sentences, adding depth and nuance to your communication.

3. Tenses: Unraveling Time Tenses play a crucial role in English grammar as they indicate the time of an action. Master the twelve tenses, including present, past, and future, both simple and continuous forms. With a firm grasp on tenses, you can effortlessly narrate events, express desires, and speculate about the future.

4. Navigating Articles and Determiners Delve into the world of articles and determiners, and learn when and how to use “a,” “an,” and “the.” Gain insight into possessive forms and quantifiers, enabling you to be more specific and accurate in your descriptions.

5. Modifiers: Adding Precision Modifiers, such as adjectives and adverbs, lend precision and vividness to language. Learn how to use them judiciously to describe nouns and verbs, intensify meanings, and express degrees of comparison.

6. Mastering Pronouns Pronouns simplify communication by replacing nouns. Discover the different types of pronouns, including personal, possessive, demonstrative, relative, and reflexive pronouns. Understanding pronoun usage fosters smoother and less repetitive dialogue.

7. The Art of Punctuation Punctuation is the roadmap of expression. Learn the rules governing commas, periods, semicolons, colons, exclamation marks, and question marks. Mastering punctuation ensures that your writing and speech are coherent and convey the intended message effectively.

8. Active vs. Passive Voice Distinguish between active and passive voice, and recognize when each is appropriate. Active voice imparts directness and clarity, while passive voice is useful for emphasizing the receiver of an action. Strike the right balance to maintain coherence and style.

9. Conditional Sentences: Unleashing Possibilities Conditional sentences allow you to express possibilities, hypotheticals, and consequences. Delve into the four types of conditional sentences and their nuances to convey subtle meanings in conversations and writing.

10. Reported Speech: Relaying Messages Learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. This skill is invaluable when conveying conversations or narrating stories in a more structured and coherent manner.

11. Idiomatic Expressions: Embracing Colloquialism Familiarize yourself with idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs, which add flavor and authenticity to language. They are prevalent in everyday conversations and understanding them elevates your language prowess.

12. Common Grammar Pitfalls Confront common grammar pitfalls, such as the misuse of homophones, subject-verb agreement errors, and dangling modifiers. Avoiding these mistakes enhances the credibility of your language and prevents misunderstandings.

Conclusion Mastering English grammar is a journey worth embarking upon, as it empowers you to articulate your thoughts with eloquence and confidence. This Grammar Masterclass has provided you with a comprehensive toolkit to unlock fluency in English. Remember that practice is the key to mastery, so apply these principles consistently and embrace the beauty of this rich and versatile language. With determination and dedication, you will conquer the realm of English grammar and become a proficient and persuasive communicator.

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[pooma-english]

The  Ten commandments in English language that is  frequently ignored (or unknown) as grammar rules and writing practices:

• *Commas*: the comma is the most common punctuation mark and the most misused. It’s a tricky one because the rules are scarce, leaving usage up to style guides and writers’ best judgement. In weak writing, there are too few or too many commas. Be consistent in how you use commas and strike the right balance.

• *Verb tense:* The topic of tense warrants an article of its own (or maybe an entire book). There are multiple tenses beyond past, present, and future, and they are worth knowing.

Be especially careful of mixing up simple past tense (I danced all night) and past perfect tense (I had danced all night).

• *Adjectives vs. adverbs*: People don’t run quick; they run quickly.

The word quick is an adjective; quickly is an adverb. Make sure you’re using adverbs to modify verbs and adjectives to modify nouns.

• *Check your homophones*: Homophones are little devils because spell check won’t catch them and they often sneak past editors’ eyes.

Too many youngsters aren’t taught

proper homophone use (in other words, they don’t know spellings or definitions of their vocabulary).

From common sets of homophones like they’re, their, and there to more advanced words like complement 

and compliment, it pays to learn proper usage and to proofread meticulously.

• *Rare or uncommon punctuation marks:* If you decide to use a punctuation mark like the ellipsis (three dots) or semicolon (comma with a period over it), then take the time to learn what it’s called and how to use it properly.

• *Subject-verb agreement:* The subject of a sentence needs to match the verb. Due to verb conjugation, this is especially tricky for people who speak English as a second language and for tots who are learning to speak.

Here’s an example of a common mistake: She have two cats. The

verb have does not go with the subject she. It should be She has two cats.

• *Only proper nouns are capitalized*: For some reason, a lot of people have taken it upon themselves to freely capitalize any words they think are important, a practice that is rampant in business writing. The Product is on Sale now is not a grammatically correct sentence.

• *Verb tense consistency and meticulous editing*: these errors are often the result of shoddy editing and proofreading.

A sentence that was originally in perfect past tense is changed to simple past tense, but one of the words in the sentence is overlooked, and you end up with something like She went to the store and had shopped for produce. 

• *Should’ve, could’ve, would’ve*: I don’t know why, but a lot of people seem to think the “ve” in these words means “of.” But it’s short for “have.” These words are contractions for “should have,” “could have,” and “would have,” respectively — NOT “should of,” “could of,” or “would of.”

• *Consistency is key*: Grammar rules don’t cover everything. As a writer, you will constantly be challenged to make judicious decisions about how to construct your sentences and paragraphs. Always be consistent. Keeping a style guide handy will be a tremendous help.

[ecos-syscourse]

"and yeah, i'm gatekeeping. someone has to."

"Yeah, I am gatekeeping. Because someone has to."

These two are either strangely similar or they know each other.

They use a lot of the same language, but different typing (lowercase and uppercase, but also one lists, quotations and uses phrases of finality as accentuation "period." while the other uses 'proper grammar' and bold text to accentuate their wording), which is a sign that they either 1. Have multiple typing/writing styles, possibly due to conditions such as mobile vs. keyboard typing or some form of mental or physical cause, 2. These are different people who know each other/are friends, or 3. These are different people from the same server/space.

If I remember correctly, the first one used more tags that were safe tags, while this second person used more discourse tags and non-safe tags. It was totally to make them seem edgier, but it seems like it could be interpreted as something to deter endogenics, which might stop them from being banned.

Just some things we noticed. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

does anyone know what is up with these accounts recently? clearly the same person... i mean they start with basically the same words.

feels like this is bait or satire but they are geniunely arguing with people so idk...? I cant imagine why someone would do this unless they are tryna make maybe anti-endos look bad because these guys are actin real weird.