#zhang yong zheng

[stuff-diary]

Oh No! Here Comes Trouble

TV Shows/Dramas watched in 2024

Oh No! Here Comes Trouble (2023, Taiwan)

Director, Writer & Creator: Lin Kuan Hui

Mini-review:

I don't know why I put off watching this for so long, cause it's really good. It includes so much stuff that I love: laugh-out-loud comedy, heartbreaking stories, supernatural elements and, most of all, a bunch of characters that burrow their way into your heart. The dynamic they share, specially between Yiyong and Guangyan, is incredibly fun. I feel like I could spend hours and hours watching them doing whatever together. And that's exactly what puts this drama miles ahead of other similarly supernatural-themed stories: the character writing is so damn good that you don't even care about the show's flaws, like the weak CGI. It certainly helps that the entire cast does a fantastic job, with Tseng Jing Hua giving a particularly unforgettable perfomance as the main character. Oh No! Here Comes Trouble is exactly what I needed right now, and I hope we get to see these characters again in the future.

[rainbowsky]

More details on Legend of Zanghai from its registration documents. It has an 18 month production schedule, so probably won't be airing until next year.

TV series "The Legend of Zanghai" registration

Number of episodes: 40 episodes

Chief Director: Zheng Xiaolong

Starring: Xiao Zhan

Director: Cao Yiwen

Screenwriter: Zhao Liuyi

Starring: Zhang Jingyi, Zhou Qi, Huang Jue

Summary: Zhinu, the son of Zheng Kuaiduo, the imperial supervisor of the Great Yong Kingdom, and his whole family were wiped out overnight. He curbed his talents and learned the art of construction and manipulation.

Ten years later, he returned to the capital under the pseudonym Zanghai and showed his kindness to his enemy, Marquis Pingjin. In order to win the trust of Pingjin Hou, he solved many problems for Pingjin Hou such as the burial of the emperor and the empress together.

After that, Zanghai stepped into the court and became an official, becoming the new Qintian Supervisor. He carefully planned to bring the Marquis of Pingjin and all the accomplices who committed the murder to justice.

The chief minister, Shi Huaishan, wanted to launch a war to eliminate Dongxia and other neighboring countries. In order to protect the country and the people from the chaos of war, Zanghai, Zhuang Zhixing, Xiangwen Yanyue and others stopped Shi Huaishan and resolved the war between Dayong and other countries.

[yeonchi]

Warriors Orochi Substitute Officers

When playing a battle as a character that is an ally in the battle, a generic officer will take their place. Substitute officer allocations were all over the place in Warriors Orochi Z, but in Warriors Orochi 3, efforts were made to standardise them. Such a shame Koei Tecmo got lazy and scrapped that system in Warriors Orochi 4.

Anyway, here is a list of substitute officers in Warriors Orochi 3, combined with my substitute officer picks for the hypothetical Warriors Orochi: The Recollective (hereafter shortened to WOX) and a hypothetical Warriors Orochi 4 that I will cover in its retrospective.

DW-Wei 三國-魏 (20)

Xiahou Dun 夏侯惇 → Xiahou Mao 夏侯楙 Dian Wei 典韋 → Cao Anmin 曹安民 Zhang Liao 張遼 → Zhang Hu 張虎 Cao Cao 曹操 → Cao Ang 曹昂 Xu Zhu 許褚                 → Cao Hong 曹洪 (WO3)                 → Xu Yi 許儀 (WOX/WO4) Xiahou Yuan 夏侯淵 → Xiahou Wei 夏侯威 Xu Huang 徐晃                 → Man Chong 満寵 (WO3)                 → Xu Shang 徐商 (WOX/WO4) Zhang He 張郃                 → Xin Pi 辛毗 (WO3)                 → Gao Lan 高覧 (WOX/WO4) Cao Ren 曹仁 → Cao Hong 曹洪 Cao Pi 曹丕 → Cao Zhi 曹植 Zhenji 甄姫 → Yuan Xi 袁煕 Cai Wenji 蔡文姫 → Cai Yong 蔡邕 Jia Xu 賈詡                 → Cheng Yu 程昱 (WO3)                 → Hu Che’er 胡車児 (WOX/WO4)* Pang De 龐徳 → Pang Hui 龐会 Wang Yi 王異 → Yang Fu 楊阜 Guo Jia 郭嘉                 → Xun Yu 荀彧 (WO3)                 → Xin Pi 辛毗 (WOX/WO4) Yue Jin 楽進 → Yue Chen 楽綝 Li Dian 李典 → Jia Kui 賈逵 Yu Jin 于禁 → Man Chong 満寵 Xun Yu 荀彧 → Cheng Yu 程昱

*Xun You replaces Jia Xu in WOX Wei Chapter 11: Battle of Shizugatake

DW-Wu 三國-呉 (19)

Zhou Yu 周瑜                 → Lu Su 魯粛 (WO3)                 → Zhuge Jin 諸葛瑾 (WOX/WO4) Lu Xun 陸遜                 → Zhu Ran 朱然 (WO3)                 → Lu Kang 陸抗 (WOX/WO4) Sun Shangxiang 孫尚香                 → Sun Jing 孫静 (WO3)                 → Sun Ben 孫賁 (WOX/WO4) Gan Ning 甘寧 → Su Fei 蘇飛 Sun Jian 孫堅 → Sun Jing 孫静 Taishi Ci 太史慈 → Taishi Xiang 太史享 Lu Meng 呂蒙 → Pan Zhang 潘璋 Huang Gai 黄蓋 → Cheng Pu 程普 Zhou Tai 周泰                 → Han Dang 韓当 (WO3)                 → Jiang Qin 蒋欽 (WOX/WO4) Ling Tong 凌統 → Ling Cao 凌操 Sun Ce 孫策 → Sun Shao 孫韶 Sun Quan 孫権                 → Zhuge Jin 諸葛瑾 (WO3)                 → Sun Deng 孫登 (WOX/WO4) Xiaoqiao 小喬 → Zhang Zhao 張昭 Daqiao 大喬 → Sun Kuang 孫匡 Ding Feng 丁奉 → Zhu Huan 朱桓 Lianshi 練師 → Sun Lang 孫朗 Lu Su 魯粛 → Quan Zong 全琮 Han Dang 韓当 → Xu Sheng 徐盛 Zhu Ran 朱然 → Zhu Zhi 朱治

DW-Shu 三國-蜀 (22 + 1) Includes Zhou Cang from DW9 for WO4 (carryover from Warriors All-Stars)

Zhao Yun 趙雲                 → Chen Dao 陳到 (WO3)                 → Zhao Tong 趙統 (WOX/WO4) Guan Yu 関羽                 → Guan Xing 関興 (WO3)                 → Zhou Cang 周倉 (WOX)                 → Wang Fu 王甫 (WO4) Zhang Fei 張飛                 → Zhang Bao 張苞 (WO3)                 → Sun Qian 孫乾 (WOX/WO4) Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮 → Jiang Wan 蒋琬 Liu Bei 劉備 → Jian Yong 簡雍 Ma Chao 馬超 → Ma Teng 馬騰 Huang Zhong 黄忠 → Yan Yan 厳顔 Wei Yan 魏延 → Yi Ji 伊籍 Guan Ping 関平                 → Zhou Cang 周倉 (WO3)                 → Liao Hua 廖化 (WOX/WO4) Pang Tong 龐統                 → Fa Zheng 法正 (WO3)                 → Chen Dao 陳到 (WOX/WO4) Yueying 月英                 → Ma Liang 馬良 (WO3)                 → Ma Su 馬謖 (WOX/WO4) Jiang Wei 姜維 → Fei Yi 費禕 Liu Shan 劉禅 → Liu Feng 劉封 Xingcai 星彩                 → Zhang Bao 張苞 (WO3)                 → Zhang Shao 張紹 (WO4) Ma Dai 馬岱 → Han Sui 韓遂 Guan Suo 関索                 → Guan Xing 関興 (WO3)                 → Guan Yi 関彝 (WOX/WO4) Bao Sanniang 鮑三娘                 → Guan Yi 関彝 (WO3)                 → Bao Su 鮑素 (WOX/WO4) Xu Shu 徐庶 → Ma Liang 馬良 Guan Xing 関興                 → Wang Fu 王甫 (WOX)                 → Guan Tong 関統 (WO4) Zhang Bao 張苞 → Zhang Yi 張翼 Guan Yinping 関銀屏 → Xiang Lang 向朗 Fa Zheng 法正 → Zhang Song 張松 Zhou Cang 周倉 → Pei Yuanshao 裴元紹 (Replaces Sophitia ソフィーティア → N/A なし)

DW-Jin 三國-晋 (12)

Sima Yi 司馬懿 → Sima Lang 司馬朗 Sima Shi 司馬師 → Sima Fu 司馬孚 Sima Zhao 司馬昭 → Sima Yan 司馬炎 Deng Ai 鄧艾 → Deng Zhong 鄧忠 Wang Yuanji 王元姫 → Sima You 司馬攸 Zhong Hui 鍾会 → Chen Tai 陳泰 Zhuge Dan 諸葛誕 → Wen Qin 文欽 Xiahou Ba 夏侯覇 → Xiahou Hui 夏侯恵 Guo Huai 郭淮 → Cao Zhen 曹真 Jia Chong 賈充 → Hu Lie 胡烈 Wen Yang 文鴦 → Wen Hu 文虎 Zhang Chunhua 張春華 → Sima Wang 司馬望

DW-Other 三國-他 (10)

Diaochan 貂蝉 → Wang Yun 王允 Lu Bu 呂布                 → Chen Gong 陳宮 (WO3)                 → Gao Shun 高順 (WOX/WO4) Dong Zhuo 董卓 → Dong Min 董旻 Yuan Shao 袁紹 → Yuan Tan 袁譚 Zhang Jiao 張角 → Zhang Bao 張宝 Meng Huo 孟獲 → King Wutugu 兀突骨 Zhurong 祝融 → King Mulu 木鹿大王 Zuo Ci 左慈 → Yu Ji 于吉 Chen Gong 陳宮 → Xu Si 許汜 Lu Lingqi 呂玲綺 → Cheng Lian 成廉

SW-SW1 戦国-戦国1 (16)

Yukimura Sanada 真田幸村                 → Masayuki Sanada 真田昌幸 (WO3/WOX)                 → Nobutsuna Sanada 真田信綱 (WO4) Keiji Maeda 前田慶次 → Kazumasu Takigawa 滝川一益 Nobunaga Oda 織田信長 → Nobutada Oda 織田信忠 Mitsuhide Akechi 明智光秀 → Hidemitsu Akechi 明智秀満 Goemon Ishikawa 石川五右衛門 → Shirōjirō Chaya 茶屋四郎次郎 Kenshin Uesugi 上杉謙信                 → Kagekatsu Uesugi 上杉景勝 (WO3)                 → Norimasa Uesugi 上杉憲政 (WOX/WO4) Oichi お市 → Kazumasa Isono 磯野員昌 Okuni 阿国 → Yukinaga Asano 浅野幸長 Kunoichi くのいち → Kansuke Yamamoto 山本勘助 Magoichi Saika 雑賀孫市                 → Rairen Shimozuma 下間頼廉 (WO3)                 → Morishige Tsuchihashi 土橋守重 (WOX/WO4) Shingen Takeda 武田信玄 → Nobukado Takeda 武田信廉 Masamune Date 伊達政宗 → Hidemune Date 伊達秀宗 Nō 濃姫 → Mitsuharu Fuwa 不破光治 Hanzō Hattori 服部半蔵 → Mototada Torii 鳥居元忠 Ranmaru Mori 森蘭丸 → Yoshinari Mori 森可成 Hideyoshi Toyotomi 豊臣秀吉 → Hideyori Toyotomi 豊臣秀頼

SW-SW2 戦国-戦国2 (18)

Yoshimoto Imagawa 今川義元 → Sessai Taigen 太原雪斎 Tadakatsu Honda 本多忠勝 → Tadamasa Honda 本多忠政 Ina 稲姫                 → Nobuyuki Sanada 真田信之 (WO3)                 → Tadatomo Honda 本多忠朝 (WOX/WO4) Ieyasu Tokugawa 徳川家康                 → Hidetada Tokugawa 徳川秀忠 (WO3/WOX)                 → Nobuyasu Matsudaira 松平信康 (WO4) Mitsunari Ishida 石田三成                 → Yoshitsugu Ōtani 大谷吉継 (WO3)                 → Yukinaga Konishi 小西行長 (WOX/WO4) Nagamasa Azai 浅井長政 → Hisamasa Azai 浅井久政 Sakon Shima 島左近 → Teruzumi Akashi 明石全登 Yoshihiro Shimazu 島津義弘                 → Toyohisa Shimazu 島津豊久 (WO3)                 → Yoshihisa Shimazu 島津義久 (WOX/WO4) Ginchiyo Tachibana 立花誾千代 → Yoshinori Ōtomo 大友義乗 Kanetsugu Naoe 直江兼続 → Kagetsuna Naoe 直江景綱 Nene ねね → Hidenaga Toyotomi 豊臣秀長 Kotarō Fuma 風魔小太郎 → Tsunashige Hōjō 北条綱成 Musashi Miyamoto 宮本武蔵 → Nobutsuna Kamiizumi 上泉���綱 Toshiie Maeda 前田利家 → Toshinaga Maeda 前田利長 Motochika Chōsokabe 長宗我部元親                 → Chikayasu Kōsokabe 香宗我部親泰 (WO3)                 → Nobuchika Chōsokabe 長宗我部信親 (WOX/WO4) Gracia ガラシャ → Tadaoki Hosokawa 細川忠興 Kojirō Sasaki 佐々木小次郎 → Kanesuke Susukida 薄田兼相 Katsuie Shibata 柴田勝家 → Katsumasa Shibata 柴田勝政

SW-SW3 戦国-戦国3 (12)

Kiyomasa Katō 加藤清正 → Yasuharu Wakisaka 脇坂安治 Kanbei Kuroda 黒田官兵衛 → Nagamasa Kuroda 黒田長政 Muneshige Tachibana 立花宗茂 → Korenobu Yufu 由布惟信 Kai 甲斐姫 → Ujinaga Narita 成田氏長 Ujiyasu Hōjō 北条氏康                 → Ujimasa Hōjō 北条氏政 (WO3)                 → Ujitsuna Hōjō 北条氏綱 (WOX/WO4) Hanbei Takenaka 竹中半兵衛 → Shigetoshi Takenaka 竹中重利 Motonari Mōri 毛利元就 → Terumoto Mōri 毛利輝元 Aya 綾御前 → Kagetora Uesugi 上杉景虎 Masanori Fukushima 福島正則 → Yoshiaki Katō 加藤嘉明 Takatora Tōdō 藤堂高虎 → Takayoshi Tōdō 藤堂高吉 Naotora Ii 井伊直虎 → Naomori Ii 井伊直盛 Munenori Yagyū 柳生宗矩 → Munetoshi Yagyū 柳生宗厳

SW4 戦国-戦国4 (10 + 8) Includes characters from Spirit of Sanada for WO4

Nobuyuki Sanada 真田信之 → Nobumasa Sanada 真田信政 Yoshitsugu Ōtani 大谷吉継 → Yoshiharu Ōtani 大谷吉治 Hisahide Matsunaga 松永久秀 → Hisamichi Matsunaga 松永久通 Kojūrō Katakura 片倉小十郎 → Shigenaga Katakura 片倉重長 Kagekatsu Uesugi 上杉景勝 → Chikanori Suibara 水原親憲 Takakage Kobayakawa 小早川隆景 → Motoharu Kikkawa 吉川元春 Koshōshō小少将 → Chikayasu Kōsokabe 香宗我部親泰 Toyohisa Shimazu 島津豊久 → Iehisa Shimazu 島津家久 Lady Hayakawa 早川殿 → Ujimasa Hōjō 北条氏政 Naomasa Ii 井伊直政 → Naotaka Ii 井伊直孝

Masayuki Sanada 真田昌幸 → Yukitaka Sanada 真田幸隆 Chacha 茶々 → Harunaga Ōno 大野治長 Sasuke 佐助 → Masasuke Ideura 出浦昌相 Katsuyori Takeda 武田勝頼 → Nobushige Takeda 武田信繁 Hidetada Tokugawa 徳川秀忠 → Hideyasu Yūki 結城秀康 Lady Muramatsu 村松殿 → Shigemasa Oyamada 小山田茂誠 Naiki Takanashi 高梨内記 → Sakyō Raifukuji 来福寺左京 Lady Yamanote 山手殿 → Masateru Sanada 真田昌輝

Orochi-Orochi1 遠呂智-遠1 (14)

Orochi 遠呂智                 → Diamondback 蛟 (WO3)                 → Lancehead 以津真天 (WOX/WO4) Da Ji 妲己                 → Bushmaster 猪豚蛇 (WOX)                 → Fornax ��王 (WO3/WO4) Taigong Wang 太公望                 → Vela 楊戩 (WO3)                 → Aquila 南華仙人 (WOX/WO4) Fu Xi 伏犠                 → Aquila 南華仙人 (WO3)                 → Zhang Liang 張梁 (WOX/WO4) Nuwa 女媧                 → Pyxis 神農 (WO3)                 → Ophiuchus 李鉄拐 (WO3U)                 → Cygnus 武吉 (WOX/WO4) Sun Wukong 孫悟空 → Coachwhip 野槌 Yoshitsune Minamoto 源義経 → Shigenari Kimura 木村重成 Kiyomori Taira 平清盛 → Boomslang 隠形鬼 Himiko 卑弥呼                 → Goldenrod 悪樓 (WOX)                 → Musca 難升米 (WO3/WO4) Orochi X 真･遠呂智                 → Coltan 魔計奴鬼 (WOX)                 → Ijū 異獣 (WO3/WO4) Dodomeki 百々目鬼 → Leaflitter 瘧鬼 Gyūki 牛鬼 → Nosean 夜刀神 Sanzang 三蔵法師 → Sha Wujing 沙悟浄 Benkei 弁慶 → Rairen Shimozuma 下間頼廉

Orochi-Orochi2 遠呂智-遠2 (12)

Kaguya かぐや → Lepus 月夜見 Susano’o 素戔嗚 → Lacerta 五十猛 Nezha 哪吒 → Grus 金吒 Shūten Dōji 酒呑童子 → Centaurus 茨木童子 Seimei Abe 安倍晴明                 → Vela 楊戩 (WO3)                 → Crux 天火明 (WO4) Shennong 神農                 → Lacerta 五十猛 (WO3)                 → Ophiuchus 李鉄拐 (WOX/WO4) Tamamo 玉藻前 → Cottonmouth 黄泉軍 Yinglong 応龍                 → Vela 楊戩 (WO3)                 → Wei Hu 韋護 (WO4) Nezha (human) 哪吒(人型) → Vulpecula 木吒 Kyūbi 九尾の狐 → Itaoni 板鬼 Hundun 渾沌 → Hammerjaw 魍魎 Diamondback 蛟 → Mamushi 飛頭蛮

Orochi-Orochi3 遠呂智-遠3 (10 + 10) Includes characters from DW Multi Raid 2, DW Godseekers and Warriors All-Stars

Lei Bin 雷斌 → Zhao Guang 趙広 Lixia 黎霞 → Thunder 経津主 Chiyou 蚩尤 → Feldspar 狻 Qin Shihuang 始皇帝 → Wang Wan 王綰 Qin Shihuang (Young) 始皇帝 → She Jian 涉間 Xiang Yu 項羽 → Xiang Bo 項伯 Lady Yu 虞美人 → Xiang Zhuang 項莊 Xi Wangmu 西王母 → Ursa 北斗 Huang Quan 黄泉 → Periclase 螭首 Muwang 穆王 → Centaurus 南斗

Tamaki 環 → Nursery 天児屋 Shiki 志貴 → Forest 山幸彦 Setsuna 刹那 → Mountain 海幸彦 Sayo 小夜 → Destiny 玉櫛姫 Yomi (Demon) 夜見 → Yosuzume 夜雀 Yomi (True) 夜見 (真) → Fate 菊理姫 Yang Jian 楊戩 → Zhu Bajie 猪八戒 Yoshitsune Minamoto (Young) 源義経 → Yoritomo Minamoto 源頼朝 Kiyomori Taira (Young) 平清盛 → Shigemori Taira 平重盛 Benkei (Young) 弁慶 → Yoshinari Ichijō 一条能成

Orochi-Minamoto 遠呂智-源 (13) Includes collaboration characters from WO3 and Warriors All-Stars

Ryu Hayabusa リュウ･ハヤブサ → Sasuke サスケ Rachel レイチェル → Saizō サイゾ��� Momiji 紅葉 → Seikai セイカイ Joan of Arc ジャンヌ・ダルク → Auriga 白鶴童子 Nemea ネメア → Camelopardalis 黄飛虎 Achilles アキレウス → Sagitta 聞仲 Sterkenberg ステルケンブルク → Draco 竜鬚虎 Ōka 桜花 → Yoshisada Yasuda 安田義定 Horō ホロウ → Yoshinori Yamana 山名義範 Tokitsugu 時継 → Hiromoto Ōe 大江広元 Opoona オプーナ → Yoshihisa Washio 鷲尾義久 Sophie ソフィー → Zou Yao 騶揺 Plachta プラフタ → Shu Pan 蜀泮

Orochi-Taira 遠呂智-平 (13) Includes collaboration characters from WO3 and Warriors All-Stars

Ayane あやね → Danzō ダンゾウ Kasumi かすみ → Jiraiya ジライヤ Hajime Arima 有馬一 → Kanetaka Yamaki 山木兼隆 Darius ダリウス → Ietsuna Hasuike 蓮池家綱 William Adams ウィリアム・アダムス → Kaneyasu Senō 妹尾兼康 Marie Rose マリー・ローズ → Tadakiyo Fujiwara 藤原忠清 Honoka ほのか → Toshitō Hirata 平田俊遠 Millennia ミレニア → Mu Zhu 無諸 Laegrinna レグリナ → Zhao Tuo 趙佗 Rio リオ → Lu Wan 盧綰 Nobunyaga Oda 織田のぶニャが → Katsunaga Oda 織田勝長 Arnice アーナス → Ji Zhun 箕準 Christophorus クリストフォラス → Wei Man 衛滿

Total: 220 characters

[anime-amazing]

Characters That I Roleplay As

Ocs

Male

Genshin

Jing Li

Tian Yu

Willow

Bai yunjun

Gods

Viserion (god of dragons)

Adonis (god of Sun)

Qyhthos (god of fertility)

Iros (god of beauty)

Syreus (god of ocean)

Santios (god of healing)

Elementals

Isa

Flame

Ashton (nicknamed Ash guard of earth)

Vincent (prince of light)

Lucian (prince of dark)

Chu Zhao

Elves

Prince Faelearn Yelqin

Prince Voron Vocaryn

Calen (marinas overprotective brother)

Venvyn Alvodroth (Drow)

Aragon

Earendil

Xue jing

Ethuil

Althidon larxina

Demons

Xander

Azazel

Achlys

Ammon

Vizeth

Agthas

Kasdeya

Rastreth

Sargoth

Xylon

Angels

Seraph

Angel

Raziel

Zerachiel

Elyon

Wolves

Spirit

Zander

Snow

Aztec

Versum

Rune

Virion

Sunshine

Edward

Vampires

Alaric

Orpheus

Maverick

Viscardi

Valentine

Vladislav

Salem

Louis

Lestat

Victor Mukami

Dracula

aethelfrith

Magnus

Atlantians (merpeople)

Prince Zayden

Prince Varun

Marinus

Katsumi

Pirates

blackstone Beatly Ashley

Shapeshifter

Aaron

Human

Ryder

Daiyu Zhan (clumsy doctor)

Asher

Alex (ex dragon hunter)

Aharon (Egyptian prince)

Ezequiel

Feng Liang (blind)

Zayne deschenel

Leroy

Xaio Zhang

Lingyun

Fenhua

Wyatt

Xue (prince)

Chen shi

Asclein

Jace shoenheight

Kitsune (Demon fox, Nine tailed Fox)

Takehiko

Hitoshi

Tao Yan

Darius

Kyusashi

Satoshi

Hiroyuki

Akira

Kenshin

Toshiyuki

Yazuma

Takayuki

Kitsunetsuki

Dragon

King Rhaegal

Brenton

Arman

Valryon

Scylla

Alduin

Mage

Alatar

Elven Mage

Zamir

Merlin

Butlers

Alexander

Leoniodas

Knight

Anthony

Jing Yan

Stolas

Cairo

Snakes

Rebel

Vahli

White tiger

Ninja

Expriments

Cyrus -

Kaikya - 732

Raven

Aderyn

Pegisus

Kai

Sheep

Yong Zheng

Alien

Azan

Azrallor

Cats

Fuwafuwa

Katoro

Karl

Faries

Aldric

Kelpie

Reed

Vistas

Centour

Ajilios

Cireon

Acasachus

Seasons

Prince Zhaleh (prince of winter)

Zhan(spring prince)

Pheonix

Meilin

Snow fox

Vixen

Living statues

Aiden

Khai (aiden when human)

Immortals

Meng yin

Uknown

Dr karter

Jingyu (loves mirrors)

Li Jing

Alucard

Vincent

Julian

Vulcan

Weishing

Haru

Yuki

Lin

Hale

Fu jia

Yi Ming

Lai Zheng

Elias

Deer

Ayal

Avalon

Seal

Dai Tou

Tengu

Xavai Tagan

Hybrid

Viscardi Lycaon

Dolls

Avery

Samurai

Zander

Azuma Kaneie

Disabled

Chu zhen

Haoxuan

Siren

Zachary Shard

Yotun/frost giant

Njemag Lokison

Bunny

Angel

Royal scribe

Haoyu

Cultivators

Jiang Yuxuan

Prince

Fu Ming

Norwegian water spirit

Airon

Female

Demons

Victoria

Aria

Cordelia

Dragon

Random female dragon

Ex dragon queen

Elves

Marina (Light/Drow elf hybrid)

Scarlett

Princesses

Cassandra

Rose

Camille

Anastasia

Aegnor

Vampire

Tatiana

Marcelene

Lenora

Horses

Shadow

Dolls

Anastasia

Angels

Angelica

Mermaids

Calista

Human

Evelyn

Stella

Akari

Centour

Astilea

Wolf

Ashina

Elemental

Harper (zeleahs mother)

Gods

Willow

Kitsune

Sakura

Hybrids

Ira

Bunnys

Fulki

Ciltivators

Lan Shu

Gods

Ophelia

Siren

Sereirena Vocaryn

Other

Silas

Azriel

[drmikewatts]

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, Volume 33, Issue 6, June 2025

1) Brain-Inspired Fuzzy Graph Convolution Network for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Based on Imaging Genetics Data

Author(s): Xia-An Bi, Yangjun Huang, Wenzhuo Shen, Zicheng Yang, Yuhua Mao, Luyun Xu, Zhonghua Liu

Pages: 1698 - 1712

2) Adaptive Incremental Broad Learning System Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set With Automatic Determination of Hyperparameters

Author(s): Haijie Wu, Weiwei Lin, Yuehong Chen, Fang Shi, Wangbo Shen, C. L. Philip Chen

Pages: 1713 - 1725

3) A Novel Reliable Three-Way Multiclassification Model Under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment

Author(s): Libo Zhang, Cong Guo, Tianxing Wang, Dun Liu, Huaxiong Li

Pages: 1726 - 1739

4) Guaranteed State Estimation for H−/L∞ Fault Detection of Uncertain Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Systems With Unmeasured Nonlinear Consequents

Author(s): Masoud Pourasghar, Anh-Tu Nguyen, Thierry-Marie Guerra

Pages: 1740 - 1752

5) Online Self-Learning Fuzzy Recurrent Stochastic Configuration Networks for Modeling Nonstationary Dynamics

Author(s): Gang Dang, Dianhui Wang

Pages: 1753 - 1766

6) ADMTSK: A High-Dimensional Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Fuzzy System Based on Adaptive Dombi T-Norm

Author(s): Guangdong Xue, Liangjian Hu, Jian Wang, Sergey Ablameyko

Pages: 1767 - 1780

7) Constructing Three-Way Decision With Fuzzy Granular-Ball Rough Sets Based on Uncertainty Invariance

Author(s): Jie Yang, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Guoyin Wang, Qinghua Zhang, Shuyin Xia, Di Wu, Yanmin Liu

Pages: 1781 - 1792

8) TOGA-Based Fuzzy Grey Cognitive Map for Spacecraft Debris Avoidance

Author(s): Chenhui Qin, Yuanshi Liu, Tong Wang, Jianbin Qiu, Min Li

Pages: 1793 - 1802

9) Reinforcement Learning-Based Fault-Tolerant Control for Semiactive Air Suspension Based on Generalized Fuzzy Hysteresis Model

Author(s): Pak Kin Wong, Zhijiang Gao, Jing Zhao

Pages: 1803 - 1814

10) Adaptive Fuzzy Attention Inference to Control a Microgrid Under Extreme Fault on Grid Bus

Author(s): Tanvir M. Mahim, A.H.M.A. Rahim, M. Mosaddequr Rahman

Pages: 1815 - 1824

11) Semisupervised Feature Selection With Multiscale Fuzzy Information Fusion: From Both Global and Local Perspectives

Author(s): Nan Zhou, Shujiao Liao, Hongmei Chen, Weiping Ding, Yaqian Lu

Pages: 1825 - 1839

12) Fuzzy Domain Adaptation From Heterogeneous Source Teacher Models

Author(s): Keqiuyin Li, Jie Lu, Hua Zuo, Guangquan Zhang

Pages: 1840 - 1852

13) Differentially Private Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Aggregative Games With Linear Convergence

Author(s): Ying Chen, Qian Ma, Peng Jin, Shengyuan Xu

Pages: 1853 - 1863

14) Robust Divide-and-Conquer Multiple Importance Kalman Filtering via Fuzzy Measure for Multipassive-Sensor Target Tracking

Author(s): Hongwei Zhang

Pages: 1864 - 1875

15) Fully Informed Fuzzy Logic System Assisted Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm for Noisy Optimization

Author(s): Sheng Xin Zhang, Yu Hong Liu, Xin Rou Hu, Li Ming Zheng, Shao Yong Zheng

Pages: 1876 - 1888

16) Impulsive Control of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems: A Hybrid Fuzzy Adaptive and Event-Triggered Strategy

Author(s): Fang Han, Hai Jin

Pages: 1889 - 1898

17) Uncertainty-Aware Superpoint Graph Transformer for Weakly Supervised 3-D Semantic Segmentation

Author(s): Yan Fan, Yu Wang, Pengfei Zhu, Le Hui, Jin Xie, Qinghua Hu

Pages: 1899 - 1912

18) Observer-Based SMC for Discrete Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Semi-Markov Jump Models

Author(s): Wenhai Qi, Runkun Li, Peng Shi, Guangdeng Zong

Pages: 1913 - 1925

19) Network Security Scheme for Discrete-Time T-S Fuzzy Nonlinear Active Suspension Systems Based on Multiswitching Control Mechanism

Author(s): Jiaming Shen, Yang Liu, Mohammed Chadli

Pages: 1926 - 1936

20) Fuzzy Multivariate Variational Mode Decomposition With Applications in EEG Analysis

Author(s): Hongkai Tang, Xun Yang, Yixuan Yuan, Pierre-Paul Vidal, Danping Wang, Jiuwen Cao, Duanpo Wu

Pages: 1937 - 1948

21) Adaptive Broad Network With Graph-Fuzzy Embedding for Imbalanced Noise Data

Author(s): Wuxing Chen, Kaixiang Yang, Zhiwen Yu, Feiping Nie, C. L. Philip Chen

Pages: 1949 - 1962

22) Average Filtering Error-Based Event-Triggered Fuzzy Filter Design With Adjustable Gains for Networked Control Systems

Author(s): Yingnan Pan, Fan Huang, Tieshan Li, Hak-Keung Lam

Pages: 1963 - 1976

23) Fuzzy and Crisp Gaussian Kernel-Based Co-Clustering With Automatic Width Computation

Author(s): José Nataniel A. de Sá, Marcelo R.P. Ferreira, Francisco de A.T. de Carvalho

Pages: 1977 - 1991

24) A Biselection Method Based on Consistent Matrix for Large-Scale Datasets

Author(s): Jinsheng Quan, Fengcai Qiao, Tian Yang, Shuo Shen, Yuhua Qian

Pages: 1992 - 2005

25) Nash Equilibrium Solutions for Switched Nonlinear Systems: A Fuzzy-Based Dynamic Game Method

Author(s): Yan Zhang, Zhengrong Xiang

Pages: 2006 - 2015

26) Active Domain Adaptation Based on Probabilistic Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for Pancreatic Tumor Segmentation

Author(s): Chendong Qin, Yongxiong Wang, Fubin Zeng, Jiapeng Zhang, Yangsen Cao, Xiaolan Yin, Shuai Huang, Di Chen, Huojun Zhang, Zhiyong Ju

Pages: 2016 - 2026

[randomthefox]

Hrrrrnnnnggggg the three kingdoms fixation is mixing with the Sonic fixation x3

As keeps happening lately lol

Thinking of Sonic Bois in the roles of the three kingdoms figures

River City Saga Three Kingdoms is a good model for that whole idea tbh. I really like the way that game handles it.

Sonic Tails and Knuckles gotta be the Peach Bros obviously. That's just kinda what you have to do. Liu Bei is the protagonist of that story, for better or for worse.

I'd cast Tails as Liu Bei honestly. He's got the foxy guile for it. And is the least martial of the Peach Bros.

I'd give Sonic as Guan Yu, because while I think his LITERAL deification is unwarranted, the fact that Guan Yu ended up working for Cao Cao for a little while just serves too much interesting story potential to be ignored.

Which means Knuckles has to be Zheng Fei. Sorry bro. They relatively fit in terms of personality at least.

Amy would be Jian Yong. You've never heard of Jian Yong, and that is why I despise the Romance and all adaptations of it. Jian Yong is awesome, and Amy is a perfect fit. Look at this anecdote about Jian Yong

Jian Yong kicks ass.

Honestly I used to really rag on Shu because they are really overly romanticized. Guan Yu is LITERALLY deified. And I feel compelled to be iconoclastic lol.

But if I put the bias of fictional recountings casting them as the squeaky clean good guys aside, Liu Bei's rise to power is really fascinating.

Anyway Cao Cao should be Shadow. Sue me. And by that same token, Sun Quan could be Silver. Cuz I think having the hedgys be their heads of state is a fun symmetry.

Eggmans gotta be Dong Zhuo, obviously. Whomst to be Lu Bu then? THE ANSWER IS ZAVOK HAHAHAHA FUCK YOU!

Guess the only questions are who to be Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao, and Liu Zhang since those are sort of the last most important characters in terms of a story that follows Liu Bei as the protagonist.

Yuan Shu could be Jet I guess. He sorta fits in terms of being a loose canon and mildly antagonistic character. Someone for Sun Ce and Liu Bei to absolutely peace out on after the whole Declaring Himself Emperor thing goes down.

Yuan Shao..... Oh, you know what? Infinite. Perfect. Lock it in.

Liu Zhang usually isn't given much importance. But I sorta consider him to be pretty important. He's at least as important as Liu Biao in terms of being the foundation that Liu Bei builds his base of power up from.

Liu Zhang can be. Hmmm. Fang I guess. That seems fine enough casting to me, all things considered.

That's everyone important anyway.

"what about zhuge liang?" What ABOUT Zhuge Liang? -_-

Even if you ignore the fact that half the book of Shu is just self insert Gary stu fanfiction about Zhuge Liang and he actually fucking sucked and didn't do anything except break himself against the brick wall of Wei pointlessly until he literally died of incompetence - Zhuge Liang doesn't rise to a position of importance until AFTER Liu Bei and everyone else we've talked about already died. And it's hard to imagine the story of a character casting AU continuing after all the main characters are dead lol.

[badmintonstorefan]

Unveiling the Best of 2024: Top 5+ Badminton Racket Brands

Choosing the right badminton racket can significantly impact your game, whether you're a beginner aiming to learn the ropes or a seasoned professional looking for that competitive edge. Understanding the top badminton racket brands is crucial in making an informed decision. Let’s delve into the world of badminton rackets and learn which brand will best suit your needs in the New Year!

1. Victor: Precision Craftsmanship from Taiwan

Originating from Taiwan, Victor Rackets Industrial Corporation, popularly known as Victor, has earned a reputation of producing top-quality badminton equipment. The company was founded in 1968 by Chen Den-li. The company quickly expanded its distribution to European countries after early successful years in Taiwan.

From badminton rackets, shoes, to shuttlecocks and other badminton gear, the brand offers premium sports equipment approved by BWF for international tournaments. The brand is well-known for their advanced technology, durable materials, and exceptional performance.

Global Technical Advisor/Brand Ambassadors: Zhao Jianhua, Wang Shixian, and Li Jinhui.

Victor Sponsored Players: Denmark national badminton team, Anders Antonsen, Tai Tzu-ying, Wang Tzu-wei, Jenny Moore, Greg Mairs , Ashwini Ponnappa, Hendra Setiawan, Mohammad Ahsan, Praveen Jordan, Melati Daeva Oktavianti, Greysia Polii, Apriyani Rahayu, Siti Fadia Silva Ramadhanti, Lee Zii Jia, and Kirsty Gilmour.

Top Badminton Rackets from Victor:

1. Victor Thruster TTY A is a head-heavy racket for advanced players. 2. Victor Thruster F Enhanced Edition is an excellent racket for smashes. 3. Victor Thruster F Claw LTD Edition is the hallmark of long-term collaboration between VICTOR and World No. 1 Tai Tzu Ying. 4. Victor BraveSword 12 is an all-around racket for dominating rallies. 5. Victor Jetspeed S 12 ii F ensures superior agility and pace on the badminton court. 6. Victor Thruster Ryuga offers great offensive shots, given by its characteristics. 7. Victor AuraSpeed 100X focuses more on the continuity between each shot.

2. Yonex: Japanese Excellence in Badminton

Who doesn’t know about Yonex in the world of sports? Hailing from Japan, the company was started by Minoru Yoneyama in 1946. The company produced fishing equipment and later began manufacturing badminton rackets for other brands in 1957. The company started selling Yoneyama-branded racquet in 1961 and became a world leader. It started manufacturing tennis rackets and golf clubs soon after.

Renowned for its cutting-edge technology, Yonex rackets are favored by top players globally. The brand is committed to advanced research and development to ensure that their rackets deliver the best innovations to its players.

Yonex Sponsored Teams: National Badminton Teams of Malaysia, China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, India, England, France, Chinese Taipei, and Spain.

Yonex Sponsored Players: Lin Dan, Viktor Axelsen, Lakshya Sen, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy, Chirag Shetty, Marcus Fernaldi Gideon, Taufik Hidayat, Kevin Sanjaya Sukamuljo, Kento Momota, Yugo Kobayashi, Lee Yang , Lee Chong Wei, Choi Sol-gyu, Lee Yong-dae, Zheng Si Wei, Dechapol Puavaranukroh, Kantaphon Wangcharoen, Kunlavut Vitidsarn, Lucas Mazur, Wang Yi Lyu, Aaron Chia, Sooh Wooic Yik, Takuro Hoki, and many other professional male badminton players.

Yonex also sponsors Kim So Yeong, Michelle Li, Saina Nehwal, Yuki Fukushima, Arisa Higashino, Sayaka Hirota, Mayu Matsumoto, Nami Matsuyama Wakana Nagahara, Aya Ohori, Chiharu Shida, Sayaka Takahashi, Akane Yamaguchi, An Se-young, Chae Yoo-jung, Chang Ye-na, Kim Ga-eun, Kim So-yeong, Kim Hye-rin, Kong Hee-yong, Huang Dong Ping, Huang Ya Qiong, Lee So-hee, Shin Seung-chan, Jia Yi Fan, Sung Ji-hyun, Ratchanok Intanon, Busanan Ongbamrungphan, Sapsiree Taerattanachai, Beiwen Zhang, Carolina Marin, Chen Qing Chen, Chen Yu Fei, and Delhpine Delrue.

Top Badminton Rackets from Yonex:

1. NanoFlare 800 Pro will make your counter-drive shots more effective. 2. NanoFlare 1000 Z delivers incredible speed and cuts air resistance like none. 3. ArcSaber 11 Pro designed for all-around performance on the court. 4. Astrox 99 Pro makes your attacks more powerful than ever. 5. Astrox 88D Pro designed for quick attacks in a doubles game. 6. Astrox 88S Pro is made for professionals who demand control over their shots. 7. ArcSaber 7 Pro helps you with incredible precision, accuracy, and control. 8. Astrox 100 ZZ is the perfect choice for speedy smashes. 9. NanoFlare 700 delivers lightning-fast drives, net shots, and smashes. 10. Nanoflare NextAge will make your shots faster without being too demanding.

3. Apacs: Malaysian Ingenuity for All Levels

Established in 2002, the Malaysian brand Apacs, is now available across 50 countries. The company has gained a quick reputation for its commitment to manufacturing high-quality badminton equipment with advanced technology. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced player, Apacs rackets will provide a wide range of options to enhance your game.

The name of the company incorporates all the essential ingredients of the game including Aggressive, Power, Accurate, Control and Speed.

Apacs Sponsored Players: Cheam June Wei, Tommy Sugiarto, Soong Joo Ven, Tan Wee Kiong, Cheak Liek Hou, Lee Hyun IL, and others.

Top Badminton Rackets from Apacs:

1. Apacs Ziggler LHI Pro III is ideal for pro players who want a slightly head heavy racket for hard smashes and faster defense. 2. Stardom Pro III is the perfect racket for all-around performance in a singles and doubles game. 3. Apacs Honor Pro racket will dominate the court with powerful smashes and controlled shots. Another racket for aggressive players is the Apacs Imperial Pro.

4. Li-Ning: A Chinese Powerhouse on the Court

Li-Ning, originating from China, was started by the legendary gymnast, Mr. Li Ning in 1990 with a goal of providing local athletes a national brand that they can proudly wear on the global stage. Several years later, the company has become a global force in badminton equipment because of its innovation and design. The company celebrates 21st century technology and matches it with the nation’s glorious heritage.

Li-Ning rackets are well-known for their unique design, cutting-edge technology, and diverse range that caters the demands of all playing styles and levels.

Li-Ning Sponsored Players: PV Sindhu, Yuta Watanabe, Srikanth Kidambi, Goh Liu Ying, Chen Long, Fu Haifeng, Zhang Nan, Li Xuerui, Zhao Yunlei, Liliyana Natsir, Liu Yuchen, Pornpawee Chochuwong, Jonatan Christie, Jia Yifan, Ou Xuanyi, Liu Yuchen, Loh Kean Yew, and many others.

Top Badminton Rackets from Li-Ning

1. Li Ning Ax Force 80 is a head-heavy racket for powerful shots. 2. Li-Ning G-Force 3500 Superlite is a carbon-fiber racket for attacking. 3. Li-Ning Aeronaut 6000 headlight racket makes your defense lightning fast. 4. Li-Ning BladeX-700 delivers striking force for more efficient shots.

5. Babolat: Heritage Meets Precision

What started as a family business in Lyon for manufacturing raw material for racket strings, the brand is now a leader in racquet-sports equipment. In 1995, the French company was a well-known name in the tennis world. The company decided to expand and foray into the game of badminton with the very first Babolat badminton racket frame. Today, it has a wide range of badminton rackets for children and adults of all playing levels.

Babolat Sponsored Players: In addition to Chloe Birch, Babolat is popular in the European continent where it sponsors several junior and club teams.

Top Badminton Rackets from Babolat

1. Babolat X-Feel Origin Power racket delivers extreme control over your shots with incredible precision and sensation. 2. Babolat X-Feel Origin Essential is an all-around racket with even balance. 3. Babolat Satellite Gravity 74 weighs just 74 grams to give you faster swings than any other racket. 4. Babolat Satellite Blast is a head-heavy racket to empower your game.

Carlton: British Legacy in Badminton

Carlton is credited to introducing the first modern-day metal badminton racket that utilizes grommets to make the equipment more stable and durable. Carlton has introduced many innovative technologies in the field of badminton such as the first truly one-piece graphite racket.

Carlton has sponsored several All England Champions such as Eddy Choong, Lim Swie King, Morten Frost, and Mike Tredgett. The company also sponsored legends such as Peter Rasmussen, Simon Archer, Nathan Robertson, and Gail Emms.

Top Badminton Rackets from Carlton

1. Carlton MegaFlex F1 Titanium is an offensive racket with even balance. 2. Carlton MegaFlex F2 has a head-heavy balance for maximum power. 3. Carlton Airblade Tour is an all-around racket to play both: defensive and aggressive game.

Bonus! Franklin Sports for Recreational Badminton Play

For those engaging in badminton recreationally, Franklin Sports provides a range of rackets that emphasize fun and accessibility. The company was started in 1946 as a regional brand by Irving H. Franklin and brother Sydney Franklin. The brand has collaborated with several world-class athletes including Sugar Ray Leonard, David Robinson, Dan Marino, Barry Bonds, and Joe Namath.

Franklin Sports is dedicated to creating equipment that encourages players to enjoy the game at any skill level, thus, making the brand an excellent choice for family gatherings and picnics.

[eyenaku]

Ji ji fu ji ji

a o e i i er ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong i ia iao ie iu ian in iang ing iong u ua uo uai ui uan un uang ueng ü üe üan ün a o e er ai ao ou an en ang eng yi ya yao ye you yan yin yang ying yong wu wa wo wai wei wan wen wang weng yu yue yuan yun b ba bo bai bei bao ban ben bang beng bi biao bie bian bin bing bu p pa po pai pei pao pou pan pen pang peng pi piao pie pian pin ping pu m ma mo me mai mei mao mou man men mang meng mi miao mie miu mian min ming mu f fa fo fei fou fan fen fang feng fu d da de dai dei dao dou dan den dang deng dong di diao die diu dian ding du duo dui duan dun t ta te tai tei tao tou tan tang teng tong ti tiao tie tian ting tu tuo tui tuan tun n na ne nai nei nao nou nan nen nang neng nong ni niao nie niu nian nin niang ning nu nuo nuan nü nüe l la le lai lei lao lou lan lang leng long li lia liao lie liu lian lin liang ling lu luo luan lun lü lüe g ga ge gai gei gao gou gan gen gang geng gong gu gua guo guai gui guan gun guang k ka ke kai kei kao kou kan ken kang keng kong ku kua kuo kuai kui kuan kun kuang h ha he hai hei hao hou han hen hang heng hong hu hua huo huai hui huan hun huang z za ze zi zai zei zao zou zan zen zang zeng zong zu zuo zui zuan zun c ca ce ci cai cao cou can cen cang ceng cong cu cuo cui cuan cun s sa se si sai sao sou san sen sang seng song su suo sui suan sun zh zha zhe zhi zhai zhei zhao zhou zhan zhen zhang zheng zhong zhu zhua zhuo zhuai zhui zhuan zhun zhuang ch cha che chi chai chao chou chan chen chang cheng chong chu chua chuo chuai chui chuan chun chuang sh sha she shi shai shei shao shou shan shen shang sheng shu shua shuo shuai shui shuan shun shuang r re ri rao rou ran ren rang reng rong ru rua ruo rui ruan run j ji jia jiao jie jiu jian jin jiang jing jiong ju jue juan jun q qi qia qiao qie qiu qian qin qiang qing qiong qu que quan qun x xi xia xiao xie xiu xian xin xiang xing xiong xu xue xuan xun

[ttoca]

Liu Bei’s Army

A gathering of itinerant warriors, scholars and oddballs who flock to the mysterious Han loyalist roaming across the land, gathering support against Cao Cao. Liu Bei is quite the enigma and despite officially holding no land, rank or title, his charisma is quite resounding and he emerges wherever Cao Cao’s influence wavers with legions at his back.

(Back Row) Guan Yu, Zhang Fei

(Upper Row) Zong Deyan, Deng Fang, Shamoke, Yi Ji, Du Pu

(Middle Row) Pang Tong, Jian Yong, Zhuge Liang, Huang Yueying, Liu Weishuo

(Lower Row) Chen Zhen, Zheng Xuan (Seated), Sun Gan, Gan Xiadan, Liu Bei, Mi Qianqi, Mi Zhu, Mi Fang, Fu Shiren

[irris30]

Yu Jian becomes ill and was out cold. Everyone is fussing but Yu Jian only wants comforting from Ye Zhao. Poor sick baby.

[zhaolie-the-benevolent]

A look at Jiang Wei parts 1 and 2

Jiang Wei is not an obscure figure. Everyone knows who he is. He’s certainly one of the most recognizable characters. However, if you ask others, they can’t really tell you a lot about Jiang Wei. I was in that camp too. I knew who he was and more or less what he did, but since he’s from the later parts of the Three Kingdoms period I never really dug deep into the man. This isn’t helped by the romance, that heavily simplifies events after the death of Zhuge Liang and becomes a lot duller as a result. So, today I’ll be talking about his honestly quite extensive career, his virtues and his flaws.

The early years

Jiang Wei, styled Boyue, was born around the year 201 in Ji county, Tianshui commandery. He was the son of Jiang Jiong, a minor official of Tianshui who held the rank of meritorious officer, a position subordinate to the commandery administrators. At some point during Jiang Wei’s youth, the Rong and Qiang tribes rose up and Jiang Jiong died fighting them [1]. There is no concrete date on Jiang Wei’s biography, and searching a bit some sites mention the year 214. That’s when Xiahou Yuan is noted to have pacified the Qiang west of mount Long, but I couldn’t find anything more concrete. Since then, Jiang Wei would live with his mother, holding the position of cadet and acting as a military adjutant to the administrator of Tianshui [2].

From an early age Jiang Wei displayed charisma and leadership, assembling a small retinue of men who were trained to die for him [3]. This dare to die corps was obviously not something he was allowed to have with such a low status, but it was his foray into training men and preparing them to fight. He also liked studying and was fond of confucian scholar Zheng Xuan’s texts [4].

With the death of Cao Pi in 226, Cao Rui succeeded him as sovereign of Wei. Since Cao Rui had only recently occupied the throne, Chancellor Zhuge Liang of the Han dynasty launched in 228 the first of his northern campaigns. With the newly ascended sovereign in the north occupied in state affairs, and after several years of relative quiet in the southwestern frontier, the invasion from the Han troops took Wei by surprise [5].

Zhuge Liang’s plan was to send a decoy army under general Zhao Yun to Mei while the main army marched to the Longyou area to take Yong and Liang, then from there take the ancient capital of Chang’an.

With the coming of the invading army, the administrator of Tianshui Ma Zun went on an inspection. As part of his staff, Jiang Wei accompanied him. It happened that the Han’s invading army caused several border commanderies to revolt, whcih included Jiang Wei’s native Tianshui. There seems to be different accounts of what happened. Jiang Wei’s own biography states that Ma Zun was suspicious of his staff officers and secretly left them, marching east to Shanggui. Jiang Wei, trying to reunite with the administrator, was not let inside Shanggui and he was rejected at Ji county as well. As a result, he defected to the Han.

An alternate account offered by Weilve is a bit more detailed. Jiang Wei did follow Ma Zun on his way to the east and urged him to go back to Tianshui. Ma Zun instead told him it’s better to scatter in face of the enemy, so Jiang Wei returned to his native Ji county. Once back home, the rebelling officers forced Jiang Wei to meet Zhuge Liang, and with him retreated after Ma Su’s defeat at Jieting, when the Chancellor led the people of those counties to Han. Since Jiang Wei had been forced to defect, his mother was not punished as a result.

There is no way to know which of these versions is correct, so I present both.

Regardless, Jiang Wei was a man of Han from then on, and it appears the Chancellor Zhuge Liang was quite impressed by him. On a letter to Jiang Wan and Zhang Yi, he wrote this about the new recruit [6]:

“姜伯约忠勤时事，思虑精密，考其所有，永南、季常诸人不如也。其人，凉州上士也。”又曰：“须先教中虎步兵五六千人。姜伯约甚敏于军事，旣有胆义，深解兵意。此人心存汉室，而才兼于人，毕教军事，当遣诣宫，觐见主上。”

Jiang Boyue is loyal and hard working on daily affairs, precise in though, meticulously examining his conduct. Yongnan (Li Shao) and Jichang (Ma Liang) can’t compare to him. He is an officer of superior qualities of Liang province.

He also added: He must first command the five or six thousand troops of the center tiger infantry. Jiang Boyue is adept in military matters, as well as possessing valor and righteousness. He deeply understands military principles. His heart is with the house of Han and his talent doubles that of ordinary men. I will give him authority on military affairs and have him go to palace to see His Majesty.

He also enfeoffed Jiang Wei as a village marquis and had him work as a staff officer under the General in chief. It appears that Jiang Wei did not disappoint the Chancellor, for he obtained sveral promotions during Zhuge Liang’s regency, reaching the rank of General who Campaigns West [7].

During the fifth northern campaign in 234, Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi faced each other at Wuzhang plains. Given the tactical prowess of the Chancellor, Sima Yi received an order from Cao Rui to stay in camp, for Sima Yi was frequently defeated whenever he went up against Zhuge Liang in open battle.

Despite his provocations, Zhuge Liang failed to make Sima Yi engage him in open battle and he died of illness. Before passing, however, he gave the order to retreat.

Rumors of the death of the Chancellor quickly spread, and Sima Yi was eager to advance in pursuit. The Han Jin chunqiu by Xi Zuochi mention that during this time Jiang Wei, then in Yang Yi’s camp, raised the flags and beat the drums as if he was going to attack. Sima Yi, thinking this was all a ruse by Zhuge Liang to lure him out, retreated [8]. When the army was on the way to Hanzhong, the Chancellor’s death was confirmed and made public.

Service under Jiang Wan

Back in Chengdu, Jiang Wei’s merits were recognized and he was given another promotion, this time as General of the Right and General who Upholds the Han. He was once again enfeoffed [9].

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Wei becomes Zhuge Liang’s successor, but in history nobody really was Zhuge Liang’s immediate successor to the position of Chancellor. The Emperor had left the position vacant after Zhuge Liang’s death, and nobody else in the remaining history of the Han held that position again. Jiang Wan however was considered to be Zhuge Liang’s successor, and as inspector of Yi province [10], he was in charge of supervising state affairs.

Jiang Wan’s plan was originally to advance East. https://i1.kknews.cc/SIG=362816l/ctp-vzntr/689os56o0o0o47239s75n9nqoo0r821o.jpg

Even though Han military activity slowed down during this era, the General in chief still had some plans to launch an expedition against Wei. His intention was to march East and invade Shangyong through the Han and Mian rivers, as Zhuge Liang’s northern campaigns didn’t find success. For this reason, Jiang Wan ordered a large number of ships to be built [11].

Unfortunately this plan was believed to be too risky. The difficult terrain makes the path to invade easy but retreat hard, so if the army failed to take the military objectives it could risk getting trapped and annihilated [12].

After some persuaion, Jiang Wan would modify this plan, intending to send Jiang Wei north to take the region West of the Yellow River, while he himself would station close to the Fu river. This location is important, as it was well connected by water and land, and would provide with Jiang Wei with support by reacting to military movements in the northeastern parts of the frontier [13], perhaps involving a surprise invasion to Shangyong.

This shows Jiang Wan had confidence in Jiang Wei, as he also suggested he be named inspector of Liang province. Moreover, Jiang Wan had used Jiang Wei on several incursions in the north and apparently performed well, given Jiang Wan’s eagerness to entrust more responsibility to him [14]. These invasions were probably just harassing campaigns to destabilize the west, as Guo Huai put Jiang Wei to flee without a battle [15], never meant to be a committed invasion of the north. These incursions, despite being small in scale, gave Jiang Wei insight into the Qiang and the northern frontier [16]. It makes sense Jiang Wan would choose him for a concentrated effort in the region.

This incursions likely ended in 242, when Jiang Wei camped by the Fu river, the same location that was central to Jiang Wan’s plan. In preparation for his invasion of the north, he had Jiang Wei formalized as Grand General who Subdues the West and inspector of Liang province in 243 [17].

This plan was not to be executed, however, as in 244 Jiang Wan would leave his post of General in Chief to Fei Yi, likely because of illness. Jiang Wan finally died at the beginning of the year 246.

Service under Fei Yi

Under new leadership, Jiang Wei’s campaigns didn’t really change in nature, getting involved in small campaigns and suppressing rebellions [18]. One such campaigns was the one of 247, when several Qiang tribes rose up in Nan’an and Jincheng, switching their allegiance to the Han [19]. Jiang Wei invaded from Longxi and defeated Guo Huai and Xiahou Ba [20]. He tried pressing the attack to Didao, but retreated back home, bringing with him many of the defecting tribes to Han.

In 248 Jiang Wei once more took advantage of the unrest of the Qiang and invaded to gather the defeated Qiang rebels and unite with the fleeing Zhiwudai. Marching west, he ordered Liao Hua to build a fortification at Chengzhong. In order to avoid Jiang Wei from uniting with Zhiwudai, Guo Huai attacked Liao Hua, forcing Jiang Wei to go back to rescue him [21]. Unable to rendezvous with Zhiwudai, Jiang Wei and Liao Hua retreated.

Later the following year, Jiang Wei once again was ordered to invade. Similarly to his previous campaigns, he cooperated with the Qiang to put pressure on the northern frontier and built fortifications in Chu. Since Chu was far from home, the supply lines were vulnerable. Wishing to isolate Jiang Wei and capture him, Guo Huai and Chen Tai surrounded the fortress at Chu and attempted to cut off Jiang Wei’s retreat at Mount Niutou. Jiang Wei outmaneuvered Guo Huai and retreated, but Gou An, the officer guarding Chu, surrendered [22].

With the Qiang suppressed, Deng Ai suggested leaving some military presence in the region in anticipation of  Jiang Wei coming back and camped north of Bai river. Jiang Wei then decided to send Liao Hua with a decoy force to threaten Deng Ai while he himself would lead the men across the river to Taocheng, a position that, if occupied, would outflank Deng Ai’s position and would rout his men. Deng Ai, however, saw through this feint and garrisoned Taocheng. Jiang Wei retreated seeing the place had already been occupied [23].

Earlier Cao Shuang had been exterminated with his entire family by order of Sima Yi. Fearing for his life, Xiahou Ba defected to the Han and became acquainted with Jiang Wei. It is through Xiahou Ba that Jiang Wei allegedly first heard of Zhong Hui, as Xiahou Ba believed him to be a force to be reckoned with [24]. Given the prophetic nature of this passage and Jiang Wei’s later history with Zhong Hui, I suspect this is just a cliché.

During this period, on the domestic side, we start observing the first signs of decline. Dong Yun died in 246, and Fei Yi appointed Chen Zhi to succeed him as inside attendant. Dong Yun was quite strict and was cautious of the eunuch Huang Hao, warning the Emperor that such a man should not hold a high position. Chen Zhi, however, was very fond of Huang Hao and promoted him after Dong Yun’s death. Huang Hao’s influence at court would only grow as he was given free reign to manipulate the Emperor and staff the different positions with his yes men [25]. Considering the fate that Huang Hao suffered [26], I doubt those appointments were even coincidentally good. As a result, the domestic situation of Han would decline after Fei Yi died and Jiang Wei failed to leverage his influence against Huang Hao.

As for the military side of things, the campaigns under Fei Yi had a much more limited scope, focusing on exploiting tensions between Wei and the Qiang and capturing population to work the land rather than an effort to launch a grand campaign. Jiang Wei often had more ambitious plans that he brought to his superior, but Fei Yi rejected them and never had him lead more than 10.000 men at any given time [27]. As a result, Jiang Wei couldn’t afford to press the attack or contest well defended positions and successes were pretty minor. During his incursion to Xiping on 250, Jiang Wei captured Guo Xun, an officer of Wei. Guo Xun assassinated General in Chief Fei Yi in 253. It is ironic that the minor success of capturing an enemy officer in the smaller scope invasions that Fei Yi advocated for would lead directly to his death.

The death of Fei Yi meant that it was Jiang Wei’s turn to take the mantle as General in Chief and realize his northern campaigns. While he would be given the position a few years after the death of Fei Yi, he nonetheless received more military authority right after the previous General in Chief’s passing [28]. Jiang Wei’s role as General in Chief would be paralell to the further influence of Huang Hao, who would damage the administration and contribute to the fall of the State.

Interestingly enough, this decline ran paralell to that of each of the three kingdoms: Wei would suffer from armed rebellions of various generals as they cling to the withering house of Cao or rally behind the emerging Sima clan, and in Wu, Zhuge Ke would fall and Sun Jun would seize absolute power and tyrannize the people, leading to the rise and fall of emperors in the south.

The following years would be tumultuous, as Jiang Wei’s career intensifies.

(Part 2 begins here and the references start from number 1 again)

General in Chief of the Han: Taoxi and Shanggui

253 was an eventful year. Sima Yi had died a few years back and his son Sima Shi was in control of the army. Previously, Wei invaded Wu and the invading army was defeated at Dongxing by Zhuge Ke. Wishing to seize the momentum, Zhuge Ke launched a counter invasion and besieged the new city of Hefei on this year [1].

In coordination with Wu’s advances, Jiang Wei also led several tens of thousands of men to besiege Nan’an [2]. Since he thought Wei would be occupied dealing with Wu’s counterattack, Jiang Wei didn’t bring many provisions, hoping to quickly take Liang and take the supplies from there [3]. When Chen Tai and Guo Huai quickly advanced to relieve the siege, Jiang Wei retreated. Zhuge Ke was defeated as well, so in the end no gains were made by either ally.

Jiang Wei’s campaigns started to intensify to the point where he would lead a campaign pretty much every year for a while. While the ultimate goal of taken Liang province was never realized, Jiang Wei found some form of success in some of these invasions. Jiang Wei’s campaign of 254 is one of these.

That year he set forth and marched onto Didao. The reason for this is that the county chief of Didao, Li Jian, wrote a letter asking to defect and invited the army. Despite many people’s doubts about Li Jian’s honesty, Zhang Ni [4] and Jiang Wei believed it to be true. Zhang Ni was sent to welcome Li Jian’s surrender [5], but Wei’s general Xu Zhi engaged the troops in battle to stop them. Jiang Wei and Xu Zhi clashed at Xiangwu county, with Zhang Ni’s contingent led by him personally [6]. Despite the illness he was suffering at the time that prevented him from even getting up on his own, he still managed to kill many of the enemy’s troops [7].

Despite the loss of his general, Jiang Wei still greatly defeated Xu Zhi. The enemies killed were numerous [8], including Xu Zhi himself, who either died in battle or was beheaded after his capture.

Having overcome his foe, Jiang Wei followed up his victory by advancing towards Hejian (possibly actually named Heguan according to Hu Sanxing)[9], Didao and Lintao counties, taking the people with him and marching back home [10]. Despite Zhang Ni’s death, this incursion was pretty successful. While some may bring up Jiang Wei’s inability to take Liang, this campaign began because Li Jian of Didao county wanted to defect. Having escorted him and the local population safely to Han is already a benefit to the state and a positive thing. That Liang province couldn’t be taken was because Li Jian was just a county chief [11] and his defection couldn’t impact the balance of power in the province that heavily in Han’s favor. Jiang Wei probably realized this and limited his military goals. In the end he destroyed Xu Zhi and got more population to work the fields, certainly a success given the circumstances.

In 255, Sima Shi died during the suppression of Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin’s rebellion. That same year, Jiang Wei with Xiahou Ba once again marched north to Didao, despite Zhang Yi firmly opposing this decision [12]. The inspector of Wei’s Yong province, Wang Jing, was put in charge of the defense at Didao. Chen Tai told him to wait for reinforcements and hold out Han’s invading army. However, Wang Jing engaged Jiang Wei directly. Chen Tai imagined something must have been amiss and the situation had changed for him to sally out [13].

Both armies clashed at Taoxi, or west of the Tao River. The details of this battle are scant, but the result is clear: it was a resounding victory for Han and one of Wei’s biggest losses in its history. Jiang Wei utterly crushed Wang Jing and inflicted casualties that are described in the tens of thousands of men [14]. This number is nothing to scoff at, and I can’t stress enough how big it is. For comparison, Cao Xiu’s troops at Shiting amounted to ten thousand [15], and a similar number is given in regards to Wei’s casualties at Dongxing [16].

After the battle, Zhang Yi suggested to retreat, be content with the achievement and retreat back to Han in order to preserve morale [17]. Jiang Wei, once again, disagreed with Zhang Yi and pressed the attack to Didao, where Wang Jing’s remaining army was holed up.

Chen Tai remarked the strategic situation at hand: Jiang Wei had overextended himself and pressing the attack on Didao means he won’t commit to taking a supply base on Lueyang or to rally the Qiang against Wei like in previous campaigns [18]. However, the reality on his side was that Wang Jing had suffered very heavy casualties and his morale was low, and Chen Tai’s own army wasn’t in the best fighting condition either [19]. He thus decided to use guile in order to make Jiang Wei retreat.

Taking the high ground, Chen Tai made a display of force, loudly proclaiming his coming and raising numerous flags to inspire the allies guarding Didao. Jiang Wei was surprised at the speed by which reinforcements had arrived, and after attacking Chen Tai unsuccessfully, he led his men in retreat. Wang Jing was grateful for the reinforcements, as he didn’t feel like he could have held out for much longer with the supplies he had [20].

Jiang Wei has attracted criticism in the three kingdoms community because of the way he had conducted this campaign, citing Zhang Yi’s remarks and Chen Tai’s evaluation of the situation. I have several arguments in favor of Jiang Wei’s siege of Didao.

Wang Jing’s defeat at Taoxi was devastating. Such a high number of casualties was pretty rare and only a handful of battles during this entire period had comparable numbers. It was an impressive feat that not even Zhuge Liang could pull off. This naturally weakened Wang Jing’s morale significantly.

Just because Jiang Wei retreated doesn’t mean Zhang Yi was right and his approach was perfect. Let’s not forget he was against the campaign from the very beginning, being unwilling to continue even after finding success. While it is true that if Jiang Wei had retreated the army could preserve its morale, this shows a lack of ambition that I personally find frustrating.

Following up on the previous point, one flaw of Zhuge Liang’s was that, despite his victories on the battlefield, he often did not capitalize on them. Jiang Wei had already been witness to that, as well as being constricted by Fei Yi’s more passive stance. Jiang Wei understood that to simply retreat after such a crushing defeat of the enemy would be to waste all the momentum gained with successful tactics, rendering the victory ultimately empty. Why would Jiang Wei retreat after humiliating Wei like this? Is that how Han was supposed to win the war? By retreating at the height of success? This was a war of unification, not a videogame. The objective is not to get a high score, it is to unify the land. Not capitalizing in victories is a defeatist attitude and would only lead to destruction. Imagine if Liu Bei and Zhou Yu decided to go home after Red Cliffs. Would we be talking about three different kingdoms here then?

Chen Tai naturally understood the risks of Jiang Wei taking Lueyang or riling up the Qiang. However, I don’t think this assessment discredits Jiang Wei. What Chen Tai was talking about was one way to approach the attack, and a perfectly valid one. However, Jiang Wei’s rationale is perfectly sound. Aiming straight for Didao was a somewhat risky move given the distance from Han and the lightly armored troops he was leading, but it still has its merits. Wang Jing himself had mentioned a lack of supplies, so it is quite likely that Jiang Wei saw the opportunity to take Didao quickly and use it as a base to press the attack on Wei. What I’m about to say is admittedly conjecture on my end, but Wang Jing perhaps saw his supplies were not enough to withstand a protracted siege and decided to sally out, defeat Jiang Wei and at least buy some time by forcing him on the degensive. Regardless of Wang Jing’s motives, the reality is that his supply situation was dire, and if Jiang Wei had committed more to the siege, taking Didao was absolutely not out of the question.

It is unlikely that Jiang Wei suffered heavy casualties to Chen Tai, as his adjutants noted his army was not in the best fighting condition [21]. More than likely, Jiang Wei saw he could not dislodge Chen Tai of advantageous terrain and chose to retreat lest he threatened his rear and disrupted his supply lines. He also was suspicious of a ruse by Wei, as the speed at which Chen Tai arrived had caught him off guard. Because of this, Jiang Wei didn’t commit his men to a full attack and retreated shortly after. The fact that Chen Tai had enough prestige to make Jiang Wei suspect a ruse, if anything, speaks more of Chen Tai’s talent than Jiang Wei’s incompetence.

While the campaign was ultimately unsuccessful, Taoxi stands as Jiang Wei’s greatest victory and one of Wei’s greatest defeats. For this achievement, Jiang Wei was named General in Chief, just as Jiang Wan and Fei Yi had held before him, and it was earned.

The events of 256 also prove that Jiang Wei’s retreat was not that damaging to the Han in terms of morale. While the costs are in lost opportunities, Deng Ai still thought Jiang Wei’s army was a worthy foe and had not yet exhausted his strength. In fact, Deng Ai remarked that the region was in dire straights after Jiang Wei’s last incursion, and that he would indeed follow up sooner or later [22].

Jiang Wei marched towards Mount Qi, but seen it tightly defended by Deng Ai, he changed his route to Nan’an. There, Deng Ai had occupied advantageous terrain and Jiang Wei was unable to contest it [23].

His next march was towards Shanggui, crossing the Wei river. He had arranged for General who subdues the west Hu Ji to rendezvous with his army there. For one reason or another, however, Hu Ji failed to show up. This left the Han troops without supplies [24].

This proved quite disastrous, in fact. Jiang Wei engaged Deng Ai at Duan Valley, where Deng Ai heavily defeated Jiang Wei’s invading army, putting an end to the campaign. A memorial congratulating and rewarding Deng Ai for his victory numbers Jiang Wei’s casualties in the thousands, and some minor officers were killed as well [25].

Despite Jiang Wei’s success that propelled him to General in Chief, his edge was blunted by Deng Ai at Duan valley, and while the number of casualties is not exact, they must have been considerable, for the people of Han complained about it and came to dislike Jiang Wei as a result. While Hu Ji is blamed in the sources for this defeat, it strikes me as odd that Jiang Wei would simply ignore that Hu Ji was not there. Jiang Wei clearly must have known his army was poorly supplied because of Hu Ji’s absence. Why then did he engage Deng Ai? This was too reckless.

Regardless, Jiang Wei agreed with my sentiment, as he blamed himself for this defeat and requested his own demotion, being named General of the Rear, but was still in charge of the army [26].

Next year, however, an opportunity presented itself. Wei’s Zhuge Dan had revolted in Huainan and requested help from Wu in order to oppose the Sima family. Jiang Wei decided to march north once again, knowing that the army would be occupied dealing with Zhuge Dan [27].

He marched towards Chancheng, an important supply depot in the area that was lightly defended. Knowing the importance of this location Sima Wang marched towards Chancheng and tightly defended it, with Deng Ai on his way. Despite Jiang Wei’s provocations, Deng Ai and Sima Wang refused to engage him in battle, learning the lessons of Taoxi [28].

The following year, Zhuge Dan was killed and Jiang Wei felt compelled to retreat. His status as General in Chief was restored [29].

Jiang Wei’s final northern campaign was carried out on the year 262. It was a rather unremarkable affair. Jiang Wei advance to Houhe and was defeated by Deng Ai, forcing him to retreat back to Tazhong. This campaign was met with opposition from the start [30], and the fruitless nature of it most certainly did not help his case.

In fact, such was the case that Huang Hao conspired to dismiss his from the post of General in Chief and place his close associate Yan Yu in power as Jiang Wei’s substitute. Jiang Wei was dissatisfied and urged the Emperor to execute him immediately. The Emperor however, refused, but nonetheless had Huang Hao apologize to him [31].

This open move against Huang Hao put Jiang Wei on the corsshairs. Not daring to go back to Chengdu lest he came to harm, Jiang Wei stationed at Tazhong [32] and never again marched north against his long time rivals.

Jiang Wei had been unsuccessful in his northern campagins. Concerned with supplies and advancing deep into enemy territory, it was often that his supply lines were threatened and sometimes he suffered heavy losses like at Shanggui. Despite this, it’s quite remarkable how Jiang Wei’s new defense strategy revolved precisely around reverting these roles. That is to say, developing a new strategy that in theory would make the enemy overextend themselves with the purpose of launching a vigorous counterattack, completely crushing the enemy and replicating the great victory at Taoxi.

For this purpose, he abandoned the several passes into Hanzhong and wished to garrison Hancheng and Luocheng [33]. If you remember my article on Zhuge Liang’s campaigns, these are the fortresses he built to meet Cao Zhen’s invasion, carefully placed to meet the marching enemy and easily defeat them after an arduous march across the Qinling [34].

By inviting the enemy in, he could fight Wei on his own terms, harrassing the weak spots in the enemy’s formation and straining their supply situation. By stalling an invading army and forcing them to exhaust their provisions, he would cause them to retreat through treacherous roads, an opportunity he would use to pursue the enemy and obliterate their army in one stroke [35].

This defense plan has been heavily criticized, and not undeservedly so as it ultimately didn’t work. I personally think it was a plan with plenty of merit, even if its execution was flawed. I will go more in depth later about how viable this plan was, but for now I will simply say that this approach would potentially be a lot more effective than the previous defensive arrangements. While the passes that protected Hanzhong were a formidable defense, they were used to simply repel enemy invasions that retreated after encountering impassable fortifications. They were used quite effectively by Wang Ping, for example, but Cao Shuang didn’t lose a significant number of men [36].

Because of this, even though Han was safe, Wei could return relatively unscathed. Jiang Wei’s approach is a lot more daring and fresh, with the potential to deal a very heavy blow to his former state and severely weakening them.

Unfortunately he was up against formidable foes.

The fall of the Han

Sima Zhao made note of the change in development in the western frontier. He had previously been offered the Nine Bestowments and the title of Duke, having rejected every time [37]. Now obviously it was him appointing himself to those titles so that he can reject them and make a display of loyalty and humility [38], but he truly did covet those honors and much more.

Wishing to justify his accession with a military conquest, he thought the defeat of the Han would propel his prestige enough to make his final moves towards emperorship. Not only was this a political decision, it was also strategic. With Han annexed, his troops could sail down the Changjiang, strike at Wu from water and land and unify the empire once and for all, this time under a new regime [39].

In order to do so, he planned with Zhong Hui a three pronged invasion of the Han. The three main commanders would be Deng Ai, Zhuge Xu and Zhong Hui, numbering approximately 160.000 troops (100.000 under Zhong Hui, 30.000 under Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu each) [40].

At the time, Jiang Wei was stationed at Tazhong with 50.000 men, west of Hanzhong, and requested more men to face the incoming invasion. Huang Hao thought Wei wasn’t really going to invade, hence Jiang Wei’s reinforcements did not arrive [41].

Even though the map is rather featureless, it pinpoints the main locations in this invasion. From: John W. Killigrew (2001) A case study of Chinese civil warfare: The Cao‐Wei conquest of Shu‐Han in AD 263, Civil Wars, 4:4, 95-1

Sima Zhao’s plan was simple. Zhong Hui would advance from the northeast through Ye, Luo and Ziwu valleys into Hanzhong to take this strategic location, the gate to Shu. The main problem was the defensive stronghold of Jian’ge, the last line of defense before the Chengdu plain [42].

Since Jiang Wei was stationed in Tazhong, Zhong Hui’s army was to be assisted by Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu. Deng Ai would advance from Didao on the northwest to engage with Jiang Wei directly, and Zhuge Xu would advance from Mount Qi on the north towards the bridgehead of Yinping. This way, Deng Ai would hold down Jiang Wei and Zhuge Xu would cut off his escape route. With Jiang Wei pincered between two large forces, Zhong Hui could march through Jian’ge unopposed and strike Chengdu directly [43].

The invasion began in 263 and things had originally gone as planned. Zhong Hui entered Hanzhong, and as per Jiang Wei’s plans, the fortresses of Hancheng and Luocheng were tightly guarded. Only then did the Emperor authorize reinforcements, sending Liao Hua to aid Jiang Wei at Tazhong and Zhang Yi with Dong Jue to reinforce Yang’an pass [44].

On their front, Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu made their move. Jiang Wei was defeated in a minor engagement and decided to move to Hanzhong to reinforce those fighting Zhong Hui. It happened that Jiang Shu had defected and guided the invading army to attack Yang’an pass, taking it . With Hanzhong lost, Jiang Wei marched towards Yinping, but discovering Zhuge Xu was in the vicinity. With effective maneuvering, Jiang Wei feigned an attack north to outflank Zhuge Xu, and this, feeling threatened, chose to retreat [45].

In this moment, Jiang Wei turned and marched straight to Jian’ge, where he met up with Liao Hua and the others and was ready to defend the bastion with tooth and nail. With this maneuver, Jiang Wei had outmaneuvered Deng Ai and Zhuge Xu [46], and the speed in which he marched made Zhong Hui hit a roadblock at Jian’ge.

The original plan of Sima Zhao had failed, as Jiang Wei could not be restrained and marched onto Jian’ge, stopping the northern hordes in their tracks. However, the reality of the situation is that Hanzhong was taken, and given this success, Sima Zhao took the opportunity to finally accept the title of Duke of Jin [47].

The defense of Jian’ge was fierce. Jiang Wei’s impenetrable formation proved too much for Zhong Hui to overcome, and since the supply situation was dire, he seriously considered to retreat [48], just as Jiang Wei’ had envisioned in his defensive plan.

At this juncture, Deng Ai took an undefended Yinping and wanted to advance towards Jiangyou in a daring march to outflank Jian’ge and aim straight for Chengdu. Zhuge Xu thought this was not the original plan, and since he had failed to stop Jiang Wei, he joined up with Zhong Hui, who stripped him of his command [50].

Deng Ai decided to take matter into his own hands and adapt to the changing situation. The march into Jiangyou was incredibly arduous. The terrain was very hard to traverse through, and at some point Deng Ai had to roll himself in felt in order to advance [51]. Despite the difficulty that the terrain posed, Deng Ai still managed to reach Jiangyou, that surrendered immediately. The men of Han were caught completely off guard by Deng Ai’s daring march, as the route was considered so difficult that it was not thought the enemy would risk marching through it.

With this surprise attack, the court sent Zhuge Zhan, who marched to Fu. Undecided to take the defiles and defensive terrain [52], Zhuge Zhan was defeated and retreated to Mianzhu. Deng Ai engaged him in battle and was unsuccessful. Understanding that failure meant total annihilation [53], as there really was no viable way to escape, he pressed the attack and successfully defeated Zhuge Zhan, killing him in battle.

With Deng Ai in the proximity, the Emperor was offered an array of different advice, like fleeing to Wu or preparing a defense at Nanzhong. Qiao Zhou, one of the critics of Jiang Wei’s foreign policy, thought the best course of action was surrender [54]. The Emperor agreed and capitulated, ordering Jiang Wei to lay down his arms and yield. The Han dynasty had finally fallen.

The fall of the Han. Taken from: https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv1954392

Final attempt at restoration and death

Obeying the imperial command, Jiang Wei surrendered to Zhong Hui. Zhong Hui was deeply impressed with his rival, putting him above men like Zhuge Zhan, Zhuge Dan or Xiahou Xuan [55]. From then on, Jiang Wei and Zhong Hui became friends, though it wouldn’t be long before they died together.

However there was still work to be done. Deng Ai accepted the Emperor’s surrender and started giving out ranks and enfeoffments, some positions to serve under him directly [56]. Because Deng Ai had stepped out of his boundaries, Zhong Hui reported the matter to Sima Zhao. Zhong Hui himself had his own ambitions and rewrote the letters that Deng Ai sent to make his alleged words sound more arrogant than they actually were [57].

Since Zhuge Xu was stripped of his command, only Deng Ai remained to challenge his authority, so Zhong Hui was happy to send Wei Guan to arrest him. It so happened that Zhong Hui sent Wei Guan with only a handful of men so that Deng Ai felt confident enough to kill him, thus giving Zhong Hui a pretext to move against him and bringing him to justice [58].

Wei Guan sensed this and convinced Deng Ai’s officers that only he and his son Deng Zhong were to be punished, while his officers would still retain their rank and status [59].

With Deng Ai arrested, Zhong Hui stood as the de  facto supreme commander of all Wei troops in Shu. In 264, Zhong Hui started plotting his rebellion to expel Sima Zhao and take the empire [60]. His plan was to send Jiang Wei with the vanguard to Chang’an through Ye valley. Once the west was taken, Zhong Hui would send the armies through river and land onto Luoyang and thus have free access into the Central Plains [61].

Sima Zhao was suspicious of Zhong Hui from the beginning though [62], and with the pretext that he feared Deng Ai would not accept his arrest, he sent Jia Chong through Ye valley into Luocheng, while he himself stationed at Chang’an with a large force. Zhong Hui was alarmed at this new development, but found some respite with the thought that even if he failed he could still survive in Shu, just like Emperor Zhaolie had done in days of old [63].

Zhong Hui summoned the different officials in mourning service of Lady Guo, and had a petition allegedly written by her compelling him to destroy Sima Zhao. Declaring himself inspector of Yi province, he forced the attending officers to comply and held them under house arrest in the government buildings used by Han [64].

Jiang Wei had his own designs and urged Zhong Hui to slaughter the Wei officers. His plan was to use the army given to him by his associate to kill him and restore the Emperor to his rightful throne. Zhong Hui hesitated [65].

During this time, the rumor spread that Zhong Hui indeed intended to slaughter the officials, and when the invading troops heard of this, they mutinied. Entering Chengdu, they liberated the prisoners and attacked Zhong Hui. Facing complete annihilation, Jiang Wei decided to face with death with bravery and charged at the enemy troops [66]. Despite his advanced age, Jiang Wei struck down several enemy soldiers [67]. His death by the side of the man he was planning to betray marked the end to Jiang Wei’s chaotic life.

Historical Appraisals

Appraisals on Jiang Wei are surprisingly varied with some relevant ones in his own wikipedia article with decent translations. Chen Shou himself considered him a man of both Wen and Wu, that is to say a cultured man yet skilled in warfare. Despite this, he was careless, anxious to achieve merit and wantonly mobilized the people and thus brought his own destruction [68].

Sun Sheng’s comment on Jiang Wei is a lot more negative, scathing. Seriously, read this:

Although scholar-officials may take different paths and have different goals, they should live by the four fundamental values of loyalty, filial piety, righteousness and integrity. Jiang Wei was originally from Wei yet he defected to Shu and betrayed his ruler for personal gain. Therefore, he was disloyal. He abandoned his family to lead a meaningless life. Therefore, he was unfilial. He also turned against his native state. Therefore, he was unrighteous. He lost battles but chose to live on. Therefore, he had no integrity. When he was in power, he failed to establish himself as a virtuous leader and instead brought untold suffering to the people by forcing them into a prolonged war to boost his personal glory. Although he was responsible for defending his state, he ended up provoking the enemy and lost his state. Therefore, he was neither wise nor courageous. Jiang Wei possessed not a single one of these six values. In reality, Jiang Wei was nothing more than a traitor to Wei and an incompetent head of government to Shu, yet Xi Zheng said he was worthy of serving as a role model. How absurd is that. Even though Jiang Wei may be studious, that is just a good habit rather than a praiseworthy virtue. That is no different from a robber taking his due share of the loot, and no different from Cheng Zheng pretending to be humble.

Translation from Jiang Wei’s wikipedia entry.

These words are absurd. It even feels like Jiang Wei stole Sun Sheng’s wife or something, because even the virtuous Jiang Wei had that couldn’t be spun around and interpreted as some heinous crime, he disregard as something that should be the bare minimum (sound familiar?).

Pei Songzhi has a much more positive view of Jiang Wei and counters Sun Sheng’s points one by one. I will summarize his points when I give my personal opinion later [69].

Several of Jiang Wei’s contemporaries also appear to have had a positive view of the man. Deng Ai considered him a hero of the times [70], Cao Huan thought that he was the only person the Han could rely on [71], Zhong Hui had a very high opinion of him, comparing him to people like Xiahou Xuan, another respected and popular figure of Wei [72] and naturally Zhuge Liang as well considered him a talented individual [73].

Liao Hua and Qiao Zhou were critical of his foreign policy [74], but otherwise were not as harsh on the man as a person.

Hu Sanxing thought Jiang Wei was dedicated fully to the cause of Han, that he must have been intelligent and able to manipulate Zhong Hui for his country, disagreeing with Chen Shou and Sun Sheng’s opinion [75].

Lastly, I want to cite Xi Zheng’s appraisal, found in Jiang Wei’s own bio:

Jiang Boyue held the responsibilities of a top general and occupied a high position in the government, yet he lived in a plain-looking residence, had no other income besides his salary, had only one wife and no concubines, and had no form of entertainment. His clothes and transport were just sufficient for use; he also imposed restrictions on his meals. He was neither extravagant nor shabby. He kept his spending within the limits of his state-issued allowance. His purpose in doing so was neither to prove that he was incorruptible nor to resist temptation. He did so ungrudgingly because he felt satisfied with what he already had. Mediocre people tend to praise those who achieve success and condemn those who fail; they praise those of higher status than them, and condemn those of lower status than them. Many people hold negative views of Jiang Wei because he died in a terrible way and his entire family was killed. These people do not look beyond the superficial. They fail to grasp the true meaning of appraisal as set out in the Spring and Autumn Annals. Jiang Wei’s studiousness, as well as his modesty and humility, make him a role model for his contemporaries.

Translated from Jiang Wei’s wikipedia page.

This appraisal is what triggered a response from Sun Sheng. This shows us a more personal side to Jiang Wei, a side that shows his humility, his frugality and his studious nature.

My personal opinion

I have quite a high opinion of Jiang Wei. I find his personality traits quite admirable. He was humble, he was loyal and he was incredibly dedicated, tenacious to the extreme. It kind of reminds me of Liu Bei in the way he refused to give up. Even in the face of absolute annihilation he decided to fight for what he truly believed in, never ceasing in his efforts, no matter the odds.

However, you didn’t read my lengthy writeup pretty much covering his entire military career for me to talk about Jiang Wei’s quality as a man. His military record was mixed, but his military talents still shine through his shortcomings. Not only was he praised by some very competent contemporaries like Deng Ai, Zhuge Liang or Zhong Hui, but he showed remarkable tactical prowess and ingenuity. He cleverly stopped Sima Yi’s pursuit at Wuzhang plains, was an integral part of Jiang Wan’s northern strategy, successfully agitated the Qiang and Hu barbarians, slaughtered Xu Zhi, crushed Wang Jing and shook the western border to the point where even Deng Ai considered him a considerable threat.

Despite my respect and admiration for Jiang Wei, I think it wouldn’t be fair to ignore his flaws. He sometimes displayed a significant degree of recklessness. He ended up campaigning every year late on his career, exhausting the resources of Han in campaigns that didn’t yield significant results that could swing the war in his favor. I think Shanggui was his biggest failure, as I can’t really think of a reason why he would engage Deng Ai with hungry troops once he realized Hu Ji didn’t arrive. It was a very dumb mistake.

According to the Han Jin chunqiu, Xue Xu, an envoy from Wu, remarked that Han was impoverished and the people had a hungry look on their face, with a foolish ruler at the helm. While I have been told Pei Songzhi interpreted this annecdote was an analogy to criticize Sun Xiu and the state of Wu at the time, I don’t think it negates the state of Han either. Jiang Wei, despite this pitiful state of civil affairs, constrained the people and the resources of the Shu region, making his fruitless campaigns all the more damaging. While many of them didn’t end in significant losses of life, maintaining and mobilizing those armies must not have been a cheap endeavor, and the end result was a weakening of his country despite his best intentions.

This, of course, wasn’t helped by the situation at home. The rise of Huang Hao meant that those who favored him would see appointments, while those whom he disliked would be his targets. I can’t however fault Jiang Wei for that. He was not in charge of the administration. He was not a politician and it was not his job to govern the state. It is unfortunate that later in his life he would always return to a state dominated by Huang Hao and his cronies, a court that was divided and tired of war, as the local gentry lacked the drive to move out of Shu and was involved in a tug of war with Jiang Wei and the more expansionist clique. It was a far cry from Zhuge Liang’s regency, and if the country were to be managed more competently, perhaps Jiang Wei would have found more success. Killigrew also emphasizes Han’s factionalism and mismanagement as opposed to the Sima’s increasing unity.

While Chen Shou criticized Jiang Wei’s warmongering because the Han was a small state, I heavily disagree with this conclusion and that of his detractors. Precisely because the Han was a small state, it couldn’t afford to wait it out. Wei would win the long game, it really is that simple. Zhuge Liang saw this, Jiang Wan saw this and Zhuge Ke explicitly remarked this. Invading north was the only way the Han could viably survive, not accumulating resources waiting for a state that will outresource you by a wider margin the longer you wait.

He truly was unfortunate, as his career started taking off after Zhuge Liang died. While Jiang Wan was open to the idea of giving him important roles in a grand campaign, Fei Yi was uneager to push and expel Wei, and when he finally came to dominate the army, the political situation was already devolving into bickering between the different factions. Campaigning north meant having less pressence to influence court politics at home, and this situation Jiang Wei couldn’t overcome. Alas, Heaven was not on his side.

Then there is his controversial plan to defend the Han. The plan ultimately failed, and he deserves criticism for that. The execution was not as good as it could have been, and people like Killigrew remark that Tazhong was too far from Hanzhong to speedily reinforce it. Despite this, Pei Songzhi praises the plan and thinks it was almost successful. The daring nature of Deng Ai’s march cannot be understated: it was borderline suicidal. If Zhong Hui had retreated, Jiang Wei could have had his desired great victory against Wei, mortally wound the reputation of Sima Zhao and send a detachment to destroy Deng Ai. His plan had flaws, flaws that were skillfully exploited by Zhong Hui, but nonetheless it was very close to success and perhaps it would have cemented Jiang Wei’s place in history as one of the greats. But because his plan failed while Deng Ai’s succeeded, it is the latter that gets his brilliant reputation (which is still deserved in my opinion, but not entirely because of his plans in the invasion of Han).

Despite his flaws, Jiang Wei was a man of exceptional ability, loyalty and determination. I can’t help but compare him with Wei Yan. Like him, Jiang Wei was brave and daring, a resourceful strategist and a capable commander of men. The key difference is that Jiang Wei was infinitely more humble and actually loyal. It truly is a pity the Chancellor couldn’t employ Jiang Wei earlier.

Jiang Wei is a tragic figure that had to play his role as the last hero of the Han dynasty, finally being swallowed by the necessities and circumstances of the time. May his sacrifice be forever remembered.

References

Part 1:

1: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

2: ibid

3: Fuzi, annotation on Jiang Wei’s SGZ biography.

4: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

5: Weilve has it: Now, after the Emperor Liu Bei had died, complete quiet had reigned in Han for some years, so Wei had not made any preparations at all. Hearing of suddenly

Zhuge Liang’s exodus, both the court and the country at large were frightened and awed.

Translation from Achilles Fang.

6: The letter can be found in Jiang Wei’s biography on the SGZ.

7: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

8: Obviously, Han Jin chunqiu. Found in Achilles Fang’s Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

9: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

10: ibid.

11: ibid.

12: ibid.

13: ibid.

14: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

15: SGZ, Guo Huai’s biography.

16: As he would lately remark in his exhortations to Fei Yi.

17: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

18: He suppressed the barbrians at Wenshan and Pingkang in 247, as his own SGZ biography states.

19: These uprisings were not the ones he had suppressed earlier that year, as this was Wei territory.

20: Huayang guozhi has it: Wei came to Longxi, with Wei generals Guo Huai and Xiahou Ba battled, defeating them. 维出陇西，与魏将郭淮、夏侯霸战，克之。 My translation.

21: SGZ, Guo Huai’s biography.

22: This description of events was summaized from Achilles Fang’s Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms. The different sources include the biographies of Chen Tai and Liu Shan.

23: SGZ, Deng Ai’s biography.

24: Han Jin chunqiu.

25: Biographies of Dong Yun and Chen Zhi on the SGZ.

26: Dong Yun and Chen Zhi’s SGZ tell use that Huang Hao bribed Deng Ai’s men to be let go when he was arrested after the surrender of Chengdu. Having accumulated great wealth, it’s clear Huang Hao was not in the least interested in running a state properly.

27: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

28: ibid

Part 2:

1: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Achilles Fang.

2: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography. ZZTJ mentions he was besieging Didao, but his owne biography mentions Nan’an, so that’s the one I decided to write in.

3: Yu Song explained to Sima Shi that Jiang Wei seeked to take the wealth from the Wei border and thus didn’t bring many provisions. His full evaluation of the situation can be found in Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

4: SGZ, Zhang Ni’s biography.

5: ibid.

6: ibid. I am assuming the battle described in Zhang Ni’s biography against Xu Zhi is the same and the one Jiang Wei lead against Xu Zhi, Zhang Ni being a subordinate officer and performing well.

7: ibid. It’s not entirely clear if it was Zhang Ni who personally killed many or if it was his regiment because of Zhang Ni’s tactics. Regardless, Zhang Ni performed exceptionally and was put to great use.

8: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography. The original line is 进围襄武，与魏将徐质交锋，斩首破敌，魏军败退。, “Besieging Xiangwu county, (Jiang Wei) with Wei general Xu Zhi engaged, cutting heads and breaking the enemy, Wei’s troops withdrew in defeat”. My translation.

9: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms

10: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

11: ibid.

12: SGZ, Zhang Yi’s biography.

13: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

14: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

15: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. He is noted to have advanced with Ten thousand men. Since Cao Xiu successfully escaped, he didn’t lose all ten thousand, but still was a significant defeat.

16: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. It cites “tens of thousands”.

17: SGZ, Zhang Yi’s biography.

18: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

19: ibid. The various generals all said, “Wang Jing

was recently defeated and the Shu hordes are too strong. You, General, with your motley

troops have succeeded to a defeated army and will confront the keen edge of the victorious

enemy; this will not do at all".

20: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. Wang Jing sighed and said, “We have been cut

off from provisions for the past ten days. Had reinforcements not come speedily, the entire

city would have been butchered and rent asunder, and the whole province overthrown.”

Being cut off from supplies, his own reserves couldn’t hold the fight for long.

21: See 19.

22: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. Deng Ai, said, “At the defeat on the west of the Tao, our loss was not small; our officers and men are worn out and depleted, our granaries are

empty, and the population is wandering homeless. We are almost reduced to ruin.”

23: ibid.

24: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. The source in question is the Zhanlve of Sima Biao, that states: “Jiang Wei penetrated into our territory without waiting for the baggage to arrive. His men suffered from hunger and his army was thus overthrown at Shanggui.”

25: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. Deng Ai planned out appropriate  measures;  loyally  and bravely he exerted himself,  killing  tens  of their

generals and decapitating thousands of their men.

26: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

27: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

28: ibid.

29: SGZ, Jiang Wei’s biography.

30: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.  “One will burn himself with military weapons if he does not lay

them aside. I am referring to Jiang Boyue (i.e. Jiang Wei). His sagacity does not surpass

that of the enemy, and his strength is less than the enemy’s. Still he would use them (the

weapons) immoderately. How is he going to preserve himself?“

31: ibid.

32: ibid.

33: ibid.

34: ibid.

35: ibid.

36: ibid. However, the original text of the ZZTJ mentions Cao Shuang lost a significant degree of men. As Achilles Fang points out, this was rewritten by Sima Guang and the original reference cites a loss of cattle for transporting supplies. 

37: ibid.

38: ibid. The various officials held the appearance of the dragons in the wells to be an auspicious

sign. The Emperor said, “Dragons symbolize the virtue of a sovereign. But they are not in

heaven above, nor in the fields below; in their frequent appearances they are being

constricted in wells. This is not an auspicious omen.” He composed a poem on a dragon lying

hid in allusion to himself. Sima Zhao saw it and was displeased.

Cao Mao was clearly unsatisfied with Sima Zhao’s blatant political moves. It’s not likely he would voluntarily insist in Sima Zhao receiving a dukedom and the Nine Bestowments.

39: Killigrew, 2001.

40: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. It mentions Zhong Hui having some ten odd myriads of men. In Chinese, 十万 can also be the number 100.000.

41: Jiang Wei’s number of men was taken from Killigrew, 2001. The story about Huang Hao was taken from Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

42: Killigrew, 2001.

43: ibid.

44: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

45: ibid.

46: Killigrew, 2001.

47: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms.

48: ibid.

49: ibid.

50: ibid.

51: ibid.

52: ibid. The Shangshu lang Huang Chong was a son of Huan Quan. He repeatedly advised Zhuge Zhan to hasten forward and occupy the defiles, to

keep the enemy from entering level terrain. Zhuge Zhan continued to hesitate without

accepting his advice.

53: ibid.

54: ibid. Deng Ai said, “To be or not to be depends on this one stroke. How dare you say they cannot be beaten?”

55: ibid. Zhuge Zhan was mediocre, but Zhong Hui thought highly of him. Jiang Wei being compared to him is not meant as criticism.

56: Ibid. Following the precedent of Deng Yu, he presumed Imperial authority and appointed Liu Shan, the Sovereign of Han, to be acting piaoji jiangjun, the Crown Prince to be fengche (duyu) and the various officials princes of the blood to be fuma duyu. As for the various officials of Han, he appointed them, in accordance with their different ranks, as subordinate officials either of the Prince Liu Shan or of Deng Ai himself.

57: ibid.

58: ibid.

59: ibid.

60: ibid.

61: ibid.

62: Killigrew, 2001. Sima Zhao was warned of Zhong Hui’s disloyalty, but decided to use him anyway as only he was in favor of campaigning west, using Zhong Hui’s ambition to ensure victory.

63: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms (although Zhong Hui used the Emperor’s personal name).

64: ibid.

65: ibid.

66: ibid.

67: ibid.

68: Jiang Wei was proficient in civil and military affairs, and he desired to attain personal glory and leave his name in history. However, he lacked foresight and good judgment when he chose a path of warmongering, and that resulted in his downfall. As Laozi once said, ‘governing a state is like cooking a small dish.’ Shu was a small state, so all the more he should not have continuously disturbed it.

Found on wikipedia’s article on Jiang Wei.

69: Pei Songzhi’s  comment:

When Zhong Hui and his massive army attacked Jiange, Jiang Wei and his officers led their troops to put up a solid defence. When Zhong Hui wanted to retreat after failing to breach Jiange, Jiang Wei nearly gained the glory of successfully defending Shu from an invasion. However, Deng Ai took a shortcut, bypassed Jiang Wei, defeated Zhuge Zhan and conquered Chengdu. If Jiang Wei turned back to save Chengdu, Zhong Hui would attack him from the rear. Under such circumstances, how could he possibly achieve both goals? People who criticise Jiang Wei for not turning back to retake Mianzhu and save the emperor are being unreasonable. Zhong Hui later planned to execute all the Wei officers who opposed his rebellion and put Jiang Wei in command of a 50,000-strong vanguard force. If everything went according to plan, all the Wei officers would have been executed and Jiang Wei could have seized military power and killed Zhong Hui, and thus it would not have been too difficult for him to restore Shu. When great people made remarkable achievements while others least expected it, they receive praise for creating miracles. When unforeseen circumstances ruin a plan, it does not mean that the plan was a bad one to begin with. If an unforeseeable condition caused Tian Dan’s "fire cattle columns” tactic to fail, would people say that he was foolish?“

70: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. Jiang Wei is indeed a hero of the time; it is because he had to deal with me that he is reduced to this extremity.

71: 蜀所恃赖，唯维而已。

72: See 55.

73: See part 1 of this article.

74: Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms records Liao Hua’s comment and Qiao Zhou’s memorial.

75: 姜维之心，始终为汉，千载之下，炳炳如丹，陈寿、孙盛之贬，非也。

[wqp88888]

百家姓在全球各个华语地区的拼音

中文 中國大陸 台灣 香港 澳門 新加坡 馬來西亞 越南 韩国

1 赵 Zhao Chao Chiu Chio Chow Teoh/ Chew/ Tiew Trieu Jo/Cho

2 钱 Qian Chien Chin Chin Zee Chien/Chen Tien Joen/Chun

3 孙 Sun Sun Suen Sun Soon Soon/Sun/Shun/Song Ton Son

4 李 Li Li / Lee Li / Lee Lei Lee Lee/Li Ly Lee / Rhee/ Yi

5 周 Zhou Chou Chow / Chau Chao Chew Chew / Cheu / Chou / Chow / Chiew Chu Ju/Chu

6 吴 Wu Wu Ng Ng Goh Ng / Goh / Ngo/ Ngu Ngo Oh

7 郑 Zheng Cheng Cheng Cheang Tay Ching / Tang / Tey / Tay / Tee / Teh / Cheng / Chin / Chang / Chung / Chiang Trinh

8 王 Wang Wang Wong Vong / Wong Ong / Wong Ong / Ng / Wong / Wang / Bong / Heng Vuong Wang

9 冯 Feng Feng Fung Fong Foong/Fung/Fong Phung Pung

10 陈 Chen Chen Chan Chan Tan / Chan / Ting Chan / Chin / Chen / Tan / Tang / Ting / Sin Tran Jin/Chin

11 褚 Chu Chu Chu Chu Too/Toh

12 卫 Wei Wei Wai Wai Wee/Wei Vi Ui/Oui

13 蒋 Jiang Chiang Cheung Cheong Chiang/Cheong/Chiong Tuong Jang/Chang

14 沈 Shen Shen Shum / Sum Sam Sim Sim/Shim/Shun/Shum Sim

15 韩 Han Han Hon Hon Hon/Hong Han Han

16 杨 Yang Yang Yeung Ieong Yeo / Yong Yong / Yeo / Yeoh / Eow / Yeong / Yew Duong Yang

17 朱 Zhu Chu Chu Chu Choo Chu/Choo/Jee/Jeh Chau Chu/ Joo

18 秦 Qin Chin Chun Chin/Ch'ng Tan Jin/Chin

19 尤 You Yu Yau Iao Yew/You Vuu

20 许 Xu Hsu Hui Hoi Hee / Koh Khu / Khoo / Khor / Khow / Hoo / Hooi / Khaw / Hii Hu Heo/Huh

21 何 He Ho Ho Ho Hoh Ho/Hoh/Hor Ha Ha

22 吕 Lu Lu Lui Loi Loh/Lei/Lui/Lee La/Lu Yeo/Ryeo

23 施 Shi Shih Sze Si See/Sii/Sih

24 张 Zhang Chang Cheung Cheong Cheong Cheong / Chong / Teo / Chang / Teoh / Tiong Truong Jang/Chang

25 孔 Kong Kung Hung Hong Kong/Khong/Kung Khong Gong/Kong

26 曹 Cao Tsao Cho / Tso Chou Cheng/Choo/Cho/Chu/Chao Tao Cho/Jo

27 严 Yan Yen Yim Im Yam/Ngim Nghiem Im

28 华 Hua Hua Wa / Wah Wa Hoa Wha/Wah/Wa

29 金 Jin Chin Kam Kam Kim/King Kim Kim

30 魏 Wei Wei Ngai Ngai Ngui/Gui/Woi Nguy Ui/Oui

31 陶 Tao Tao To Tou Tho/To/Too/Toh Dao Do/To

32 姜 Jiang Chiang Keung Keong Khiang/Kiang Giang Kang/Gang

33 戚 Qi Chi Chik Chek Cheok

34 谢 Xie Hsieh Tse Che Cheah / Tay / Chia Cheah / Chiah / Chia / Seah / Sia / See Ta Sa

35 邹 Zou Tsou Chau / Chow Chao Chew/Chou/Chu

36 喻 Yu Yu Yu U Yu/Yho/Yuh You/Yu

37 柏 Bai Pai Pak Pak

38 水 Shui Shui Sui Soi Shu/Tshui

39 窦 Dou Tou Tau Tao

40 章 Zhang Chang Cheung Cheong Cheong/Chong/Teo/Tiong/Tong

[编辑] 百家姓41-80

中文 中國大陸 台灣 香港 澳門 新加坡 馬來西亞 越南 韩国

41 云 Yun Yun Wan Wan Woon/Wun/Yun/Yung

42 苏 Su Su So Sou Soh Soh / Saw / Soo To

43 潘 Pan Pan Poon / Pun Pun Phua Phua / Pan / Pang / Phang Phan Ban

44 葛 Ge Ko Kot Gal

45 奚 Xi Hsi Hai Kai Hae

46 范 Fan Fan Fan Fan Fung / Fam / Fang / Hwang Pham Bum

47 彭 Peng Peng Pang Pang Pang Peng/Pang/Phang Paeng

48 郎 Lang Lang Long Long Lang

49 鲁 Lu Lu Lo Lou Loo Loo/Loh/Lu Noh

50 韦 Wei Wei Wai Wai Wai/Wei/Vei Vi

51 昌 Chang Chang Cheung Cheong Cheong/Chang/Cang Xuong

52 马 Ma Ma Ma Ma Beh / Mah / Mha / Ma Ma Ma

53 苗 Miao Miao Miu Mio

54 凤 Feng Feng Fung Fong Fong

55 花 Hua Hua Fa Fa Faa/Fah/Fha Hoa

56 方 Fang Fang Fong Fong Pung / Fang / Fong / Phun / Huong Phuong Bang

57 俞 Yu Yu Yu U Je / Yii You/Yu

58 任 Ren Jen Yam Iam Yam/Ngam/Yim/Ngieng/Ngiam Nham Rim/Yim

59 袁 Yuan Yuan Yuen Un / Iun Yuan / Yuen / Ngen Vien Won

60 柳 Liu Liu Lau Lao Liew/Liu/Lew Lieu You/Yu/Ryu

61 酆 Feng Feng Fung Fong

62 鮑 Bao Pao Pau Pao

63 史 Shi Shih Sze Si Sa

64 唐 Tang Tang Tong Tong Thang / Thong / Tang / Tong / Thong Duong

65 費讀「秘」 Pei Pei Pei Pai

66 廉 Lian Lien Lim Lim

67 岑 Cen Tsen Sum / Shum Sam Sim

68 薛 Xue Hsueh Sit Sit Sik / Sit / Silk Seol/Sul

69 雷 Lei Lei Lui Loi Lui / Looi / Lewe / Lei

70 賀 He Ho Ho Ho Hor/Hoo

71 倪 Ni Ni Ngai Ngai Geh / Nga / Ngam

72 湯 Tang Tang Tong Tong Thong / Tang / Thang

73 滕 Teng Teng Tang Tang Thang

74 殷 Yin Yin Yan Ian Yam / Ngam

75 罗 Luo Lo Law / Lo Lo Lo / Lau / Low / Loh La Rah/Na

76 毕 Bi Pi But Pat Tat

77 郝 Hao Hao Kok

78 邬 Wu Wu Wu Vu / Wu Woo / Voo / Woh / Wu / Vu O

79 安 An An On On An An / Ahn

80 常 Chang Chang Sheung Seong

[编辑] 百家姓81-120

中文 中國大陸 台灣 香港 澳門 新加坡 馬來西亞 越南 韩国

81 乐 讀「洛」或「惡」 Yue Yueh Lok/ Ok Lok/ Ok

82 于 Yu Yu Yu U

83 时 Shi Shih See / Sze Si

84 傅 Fu Fu Foo Fu Fu/Foo/Foh

85 皮 Pi Pi Pei Pei

86 卞 Bian Pien Pin Pin Byun

87 齐 Qi Chi Chai Chai

88 康 Kang Kang Hong Hong Gang/Kang

89 伍 Wu Wu Ng Ng Ng Ng/Ngo/Ngoh/Wu/Wuh/Woo

90 余 Yu Yu Yu U Yee/Tsia/Tse

91 元 Yuan Yuan Yuen Un / Iun

92 卜 Bu Pu Puk Pok/Puu

93 顾 Gu Ku Koo Ku Koe

94 孟 Meng Meng Mang Mang Mang/Meng Maeng

95 平 Ping Ping Ping Peng

96 黄 Huang Huang Wong Vong / Wong Bong / Boong / Ng / Ong / Ooi / Wong / Wee Hwang

97 和 He Ho Wo Vo Hoo/Woh/Woo/Wo Hwa

98 穆 Mu Mu Muk

99 萧 Xiao Hsiao Shiu / Siu Sio Seow/Siew/Siau/Siaw/Sew/Siu/Seu

100 尹 Yin Yin Wan Wan Yoon

101 姚 Yao Yao Yiu Io Yeo Yeo / Yeoh / Yew / Yow

102 邵 Shao Shao Siu / Shiu Sio Shaw Shao/Shaw/Sao/Shau

103 湛 Zhan Chan Cham

104 汪 Wang Wang Wong Vong / Wong Wang/Wong/Vang

105 祁 Qi Chi Kei

106 毛 Mao Mao Mo Mou Bo / Boo / Moh / Moo Mo

107 禹 Yu Yu Yu U

108 狄 Di Ti Tik / Dick Tek

109 米 Mi Mi Mai Mai

110 贝 Bei Pei Pui Pui

111 明 Ming Ming Ming Meng Myeong /Myung

112 臧 Zang Tsang Chong

113 计 Ji Chi Kai Kai

114 伏 Fu Fu Fuk Fok

115 成 Cheng Cheng Shing / Sing Seng Sang/Shang//Tshan/Tshang Sung/ Seong

116 戴 Dai Tai Tai Tai Tai/Thai/Dai/Dhai

117 谈 Tan Tan Tam Tam

118 宋 Song Sung Sung Song Song Shong/Song/Sung Song

119 茅 Mao Mao Mau Mao

120 庞 Pang Pang Pong Pong Phong/Pong/Pang

[bookofjin]

Administrative geography of Western Han (34,107)

According to Ban Gu's Book of Han.

Sili司隸

Jingzhaoyin京兆尹

Chang'an長安

Xinfeng新豐

Chuansikong船司空

Lantian藍田

Huayin華陰

Zheng鄭

Hu湖

Xiagui下邽

Nanling南陵

Fengming奉明

Baling霸陵

Duling杜陵

Zuopingyi左馮翊

Gaoling高陵,

Yueyang櫟陽

Didao翟道

Chiyang池陽

Xiayang夏陽

Ya衙

Suyi粟邑

Gukou谷口

Lianzhuo蓮勺

Fu鄜

Pinyang頻陽

Linjin臨晉

Zhongquan重泉

Heyang郃陽

Duixu祋祤

Wucheng武城

Chenyang沈陽

Huaide褱德

Cheng徵

Yunling雲陵

Wannian萬年

Changling長陵

Yangling陽陵

Yunyang雲陽

Youfufeng右扶風

Weicheng渭城

Huaili槐里

Hu鄠

Zhouzhi盩厔

Tai斄

Yuyi郁夷

Meiyang美陽

Mei郿

Yong雍

Qi漆

Xunyi栒邑

Yumi隃麋

Chencang陳倉

Duyang杜陽

Haozhi好畤

Guo虢

Anling安陵

Maoling茂陵

Pingling平陵

Wugong武功

Hongnong弘農郡

Hongnong弘農

Lushi盧氏

Shan陝

Yiyang宜陽

Mianchi黽池

Xin'an新安

Luhun陸渾

Hedong河東郡

Anyi安邑

Dayang大陽

Yishi猗氏

Xie解

Pufan蒲反

Heibei河北

Zuoyi左邑

Fenyin汾陰

Wenxi聞喜

Huoze濩澤

Duanshi端氏

Linfen臨汾

Yuan垣

Pishi皮氏

Changxiu長脩

Pingyang平陽

Xiangling襄陵

Zhi彘

Yang楊

Beiqu北屈

Puzi蒲子

Jiang絳

Huzhe狐讘

Qi騏

Henei河內郡

Huai懷

Ji汲

Wude武德

Bo波

Shanyang山陽

Heyang河陽

Zhou州

Gong共

Pinggao平皋

Zhaoge朝歌

Xiuwu脩武

Wen溫

Yewang野王

Huojia獲嘉

Zhi軹

Qinshui沁水

Longlü隆慮

Tangyin蕩陰

Henan河南郡

Luoyang雒陽

Xingyang滎陽

Yanshi偃師

Jing京

Pingyin平陰

Zhongmou中牟

Ping平

Yangwu陽武

Henan河南

Goushi緱氏

Quan卷

Yuanwu原武

Gong鞏

Gucheng穀成

Gushi故市

Mi密

Xincheng新成

Kaifeng開封

Chenggao成皋

Yuanling苑陵

Liang梁

Xinzheng新鄭

Bing 并州

Taiyuan太原郡

Jinyang晉陽

Jiexiu界休

Yuci榆次

Zhongdu中都

Zishi茲氏

Wu鄔

Pingtao平陶

Jingling京陵

Daling大陵

Qi祁

Shang'ai上艾

Yangyi陽邑

Shangdang上黨郡

Changzi長子

Zhunliu屯留

Yuwu余吾

Tongdi銅鞮

Zhan沾

Nieshi涅氏

Xiangyuan襄垣

Huguan壺關

Xuanshi泫氏

Gaodu高都

Lu潞

Yishi陭氏

Yang'e陽阿

Guyuan穀遠

Shang上郡

Dule獨樂

Yangzhou陽周

Pingdu平都

Qianshui淺水

Xiangluo襄洛

Qiyuan漆垣

Sheyan奢延

Diaoyin雕陰

Diaoyindao雕陰道

Dingyang定陽

Gaonu高奴

Xihe西河郡

Zhongyang中陽

Gaolang皋狼

Pingzhou平周

Lin藺

Lishi離石

Xicheng隰成

Tujun土軍

Yinshan陰山

Yan 兗州

Dong東郡

Puyang濮陽

Baima白馬

Nanyan南燕

Chenliu陳留郡

Chenliu陳留

Xiaohuang小黃

Yongqiu雍丘

Suanzao酸棗

Donghun東昏

Waihuang外黃

Fengqiu封丘

Changluo長羅

Weishi尉氏

Changyuan長垣

Pingqiu平丘

Jiyang濟陽

Junyi浚儀

Huaiyang淮陽國

Yangjia陽夏

Fugou扶溝

Yu圉

Yu 豫州

Yingchuan潁川郡

Yangdi陽翟

Changshe長社

Yingyin潁陰

Chonggao崇高

Xu許

Yanling傿陵

Cheng'an成安

Zhouchengxiu周承休

Yangcheng陽城

Lunshi綸氏

Ji冀州

Zhao趙國

Handan邯鄲

Yiyang易陽

Bairen柏人

Xiangguo襄國

Guangping廣平國

Guangping廣平

Zhang張

Zhaoping朝平

Nanhe南和

Lieren列人

Chizhang斥章

Ren任

Quliang曲梁

Guangxiang廣鄉

Pingxiang平鄉

Guangnian廣年

Zhending真定國

Gaocheng稿城

Wei魏郡

Ye鄴

Chiqiu斥丘

Sha沙

Neihuang內黃

Fanyang繁陽

Liangqi梁期

Liyang黎陽

Jifei即裴

Wushi武始

Hanhui邯會

Hangou邯溝

Wu'an武安

Julu鉅鹿郡

Julu鉅鹿

Guang'e廣阿

Xiangshi象氏

Yingtao廮陶

Songzi宋子

Yangshi楊氏

Jingwu敬武

Baixiang柏鄉

Changshan常山郡

Yuanshi元氏

Shiyi石邑

Fangzi房子

Zhongqiu中丘

Fengsi封斯

Guan關

Pingji平棘

Hao鄗

Liang涼州

Wudu武都郡

Gudao故道

Anding安定郡

Gaoping高平

Fulei復累

Anbei安俾

Fuyi撫夷

Zhaonuo朝那

Jingyang涇陽

Linjing臨涇

Lu鹵

Wuzhi烏氏

Yinmi陰密

Anding安定

Canluan參䜌

Sanshui三水

Yinpan陰槃

Anwu安武

Julei祖厲

Yuande爰得

Xunjun眴卷

Pengyang彭陽

Chunyin鶉陰

Yuezhidao月氏道

Anding安定郡

Fuyi撫夷

Linjing臨涇

Yinmi陰密

Anding安定

Canluan參䜌

Yinpan陰槃

Anwu安武

Yuande爰得

Pengyang彭陽

Beidi北地郡

Maling馬領

Zhilu直路

Xuyan昫衍

Fangqu方渠

Chungu鶉孤

Guide歸德

Lüepandao略畔道

Niyang泥陽

Yuzhi郁郅

Yiqudao義渠道

Yiju弋居

Dayao大𦥼

Not located

Taiyuan太原郡

Yuli于離

Guangping廣平國

Pingli平利

Yangtai陽臺

Chengxiang城鄉

Julu鉅鹿郡

Wutao武陶

Changshan常山郡

Pingtai平臺

Duxiang都鄉

Beidi北地郡

Chudao除道

Wujie五街

Huihuo回獲

County locations and ancient rivers, lakes, and shorelines from The Historical Atlas of China.

I have intentionally stuck to the Hanshu where it differs from the Historical Atlas.

[drmikewatts]

IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Volume 29, Issue 3

1) Guest Editorial Machine-Learning-Assisted Evolutionary Computation

Author(s): Rong Qu, Nelishia Pillay, Emma Hart, Manuel López-Ibáñez

Pages: 571 - 573

2) A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Assisted Multimodal Multiobjective Bilevel Optimization Method for Multirobot Task Allocation

Author(s): Yuanyuan Yu, Qirong Tang, Qingchao Jiang, Qinqin Fan

Pages: 574 - 588

3) An Iterated Greedy Algorithm With Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Hybrid Flowshop Problems With Job Merging

Author(s): Xin-Rui Tao, Quan-Ke Pan, Liang Gao

Pages: 589 - 600

4) Surrogate-Assisted Multiobjective Gene Selection for Cell Classification From Large-Scale Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data

Author(s): Jianqing Lin, Cheng He, Hanjing Jiang, Yabing Huang, Yaochu Jin

Pages: 601 - 615

5) Dealing With Structure Constraints in Evolutionary Pareto Set Learning

Author(s): Xi Lin, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Zhiyuan Yang, Qingfu Zhang

Pages: 616 - 630

6) A Two-Population Algorithm for Large-Scale Multiobjective Optimization Based on Fitness-Aware Operator and Adaptive Environmental Selection

Author(s): Bingdong Li, Yan Zhang, Peng Yang, Xin Yao, Aimin Zhou

Pages: 631 - 645

7) Protein Structure Prediction Using a New Optimization-Based Evolutionary and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Approach

Author(s): Jun Hong, Zhi-Hui Zhan, Langchong He, Zongben Xu, Jun Zhang

Pages: 646 - 660

8) Multiobjective Mixed-Integer Quadratic Models: A Study on Mathematical Programming and Evolutionary Computation

Author(s): Ofer M. Shir, Michael Emmerich

Pages: 661 - 675

9) A Survey on Evolutionary Computation-Based Drug Discovery

Author(s): Qiyuan Yu, Qiuzhen Lin, Junkai Ji, Wei Zhou, Shan He, Zexuan Zhu, Kay Chen Tan

Pages: 676 - 696

10) Linear Subspace Surrogate Modeling for Large-Scale Expensive Single/Multiobjective Optimization

Author(s): Langchun Si, Xingyi Zhang, Ye Tian, Shangshang Yang, Limiao Zhang, Yaochu Jin

Pages: 697 - 710

11) A Classifier-Ensemble-Based Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm for Distributed Data-Driven Optimization

Author(s): Xiao-Qi Guo, Feng-Feng Wei, Jun Zhang, Wei-Neng Chen

Pages: 711 - 725

12) Improving the Efficiency of the Distance-Based Hypervolume Estimation Using ND-Tree

Author(s): Andrzej Jaszkiewicz, Piotr Zielniewicz

Pages: 726 - 733

13) A Cooperative Ant Colony System for Multiobjective Multirobot Task Allocation With Precedence Constraints

Author(s): Tong Qian, Xiao-Fang Liu, Yongchun Fang

Pages: 734 - 748

14) Evolutionary Trainer-Based Deep Q-Network for Dynamic Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling

Author(s): Yun Liu, Fangfang Zhang, Yanan Sun, Mengjie Zhang

Pages: 749 - 763

15) MOEA/D With Spatial–Temporal Topological Tensor Prediction for Evolutionary Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization

Author(s): Xianpeng Wang, Yumeng Zhao, Lixin Tang, Xin Yao

Pages: 764 - 778

16) A Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Framework for Expensive Multitask Optimization Problems

Author(s): Shenglian Tan, Yong Wang, Guangyong Sun, Tong Pang, Ke Tang

Pages: 779 - 793

17) Improved Evolutionary Multitasking Optimization Algorithm With Similarity Evaluation of Search Behavior

Author(s): Xiaolong Wu, Wei Wang, Tengfei Zhang, Honggui Han, Junfei Qiao

Pages: 794 - 808

18) Competitive Multitasking for Computational Resource Allocation in Evolutionary-Constrained Multiobjective Optimization

Author(s): Xiaoliang Chu, Fei Ming, Wenyin Gong

Pages: 809 - 821

19) Fractional Order Differential Evolution

Author(s): Kaiyu Wang, Shangce Gao, MengChu Zhou, Zhi-Hui Zhan, Jiujun Cheng

Pages: 822 - 835

20) An Interval Multiobjective Evolutionary Generation Algorithm for Product Design Change Plans in Uncertain Environments

Author(s): Rui-Zhao Zheng, Yong Zhang, Xiao-Yan Sun, Dun-Wei Gong, Xiao-Zhi Gao

Pages: 836 - 850

[huaschengs]

❃ Eastern and Southeastern Asians Facecast Help❃

Note: :D hi,  I’m tired of people casting the wrong facecast for characters in creations. So, I made a list. 

Please stop interchanging East Asians and Southeast Asians (whether between the two or within).

Even with this list and other sources, please be sure to double-check every faceclaim you use in your creations/works, thank you.

List posted 10/6/2020

Updated 12/25/2020

Disclaimer: 

Please let me know if there are any errors. 

 The creator of this list doesn’t have that much knowledge of South Asian celebrities and models. Please refer to other lists, thank you.

I didn’t include people from all Southeast Asian countries.

Thai:

Baifern aka Pimchanok Luevisadpaibul (พิมพ์ชนก ลือวิเศษไพบูลย์)

Bass aka Suradet PiniwatSuradet Piniwat (สุรเดช พินิวัตร์) 

Ben aka Benjamin Brasier (เบญจมินทร์ เบรเซียร์)

Bright aka Vachirawit Chiva-aree (วชิรวิชญ์ ชีวอารี)

Captain aka Kongyingyong Chonlathorn (ชลธร คงยิ่งยง)

Copter aka  Panuwat Kerdthongtavee (ภานุวัฒน์ เกิดทองทวี)

Diary (ไดอารี่)

From RedSpin

Dome aka Woranart Ratthanaphast ( วรนาถ รัตธนภาส)

FahProud (ฟ้าพราวด์) 

From RedSpin

First aka Nattapat Kapilkarn (ณัฐภัท กปิลกาญจน์)

Frung aka Narikun Ketprapakorn (นรีกุล เกตุประภากร)

Gulf aka Kanawut Traipipattanapong (คณาวุฒิ ไตรพิพัฒนพงษ์)

Gun aka Napat Na Ranong (ณภัทร ณ ระนอง)

Jackie aka Jackrin Kungwankiatichai (จักริน กังวานเกียรติชัย)

Jam aka Charattha Imraporn (ชรัฐฐา อิมราพร)

James aka Teeradon Supapunpinyo (ธีรดนย์ ศุภพันธุ์ภิญโญ)

Jaylerr aka Kritsanapoom Pibulsonggram (กฤษณภูมิ พิบูลสงคราม)

Joong [or Chen] aka Archen Aydin Winphakun (อาเชน วิรภากุล)

Kaownah aka Kittipat Kaewcharoen (กิตติภัทร แก้วเจริญ)

Kayavine aka Kay Lertsittichai (เค เลิศสิทธิชัย)

Kim or Kimmon aka Varodom Khemmonta (วโรดม เข็มมณฑา)

Lay aka  Talay Sanguandikul (ทะเลสงวนดีกุล)

Lisa aka Lalisa Manoban (ลลิษา มโนบาล)

Birth name: Pranpriya Manoban (ปราณปริยา มโนบาล)

Lotte aka Thakorn Promsatitkul (ฐกร พรหมสถิตกุล)

Mark Prin aka Prin Suparat (ปริญ สุภารัตน์)  

Mew aka Suppasit Jongcheveevat (ศุภศิษฏ์ จงชีวีวัฒน์)

Minnie aka Nicha Yontararak (ณิชา ยนตรรักษ์)

Namfah aka Thunyaphat Phatrathinchaicherin (ธัญญภัสร์ ภัทรธีรชัยเจริญ)

Natty aka Ahnatchaya Suputhipong (อานัชญา สุพุทธิพงศ์)

Nine aka Kornchid Boonsathitpakdee (กรชิต บุญสถิต์ภักดี)

Noey aka Warattha Imraporn (วรัฐฐา อิมราพร)

Paris aka Paris Inthonkomansut (พาริส อินทรโกมาลย์สุต)

Pavel aka Naret Promphaopun (นเรศ พร้อมเผ่าพันธ์) 

PearPunch (แพร)

From RedSpin

Pepe (เปเป้)

From RedSpin

Perth aka Tanapon Sukhumpantanasan (ธนพนธ์ สุขุมพันธนาสาร)

Peter aka Cholapatr Jeepetch (ชลพัชร จี้เพชร)

Piglet aka Charada Imraporn (ชาราฎา อิมราพร)

Pimmy (พิมมี่)

From RedSpin

Plan aka Rathavit Kijworaluk (รัฐวิทย์ กิจวรลักษณ์)

Porsche aka Sivakorn Adulsuttikul (ศิวกร อดุลสุทธิกุล)

Porsche aka Nishapang Suksawatnachok (ณิชชาพัณณ์ สุขสวัสดิ์นำโชค)

From RedSpin

Praew aka Narupornkamol Chaisang (ฤภรกมล ฉายแสง)

Ryu aka Vachirawich Aranthanawong (วชิรวิชญ์ อรัญธนวงศ์)

Sorn aka Chonnasorn Sajakul (ชลนสร สัจจกุล)

Tae aka Darvid Kreepolrerk (ดาวิชญ์ กรีพลฤกษ์)

Taew aka Natapohn Tameeruks (ณฐพร เตมีรักษ์)

Tee aka Thanapon Jarujittranon (ธนพล จารุจิตรานนท์)

Third aka Lapat Ngamchaweng (ลภัส งามเชวง)

Title aka Kirati Puangmalee (กีรติ พวงมาลี)

Tor aka Thanapob Leeratanakajorn (ธนภพ ลีรัตนขจร)

Toto aka Thanadech Ophatthanyakorn (ธนเดช โอภาสธัญกร)

Vietnamese:

Amee (Trần Huyền My)

Annie (Nguyễn Thị Thu Thủy)

Bảo Anh (Nguyễn Hoài Bảo Anh) 

Bích Phương (Bùi Thị Bích Phương)

Chi Pu (Nguyễn Thùy Chi)

Cody (Võ Đình Nam)

Duc Ung (Ứng Văn Đức)

Erik (Lê Trung Thàn)

Grey-D (Đoàn Thế Lân)

Hoàng Yến Chibi

Hong Phu (Huýnh Hồng Phú )

Ivone (Bui Diệu Linh)

J (Phạm Tiến Đạt)

Key (Võ Trần Thái Trung)

Kha Ngan

Khoi My (Trần Khởi My)

K.O. (Nguyễn Thái Sơn)

Lana Condor (Trần Đông Lan)

Liz (Ngụy Thùy Linh)

Lục Huy (Lục Quang Huy)

Min (Nguyễn Minh Hằng)

Minh Hằng (Lê Ngọc Minh Hằng)

Minh Hoang (Nguyễn Minh Hoàng)

Miu Lê (Lê Ánh Nhật)

Nicky (Trần Phong Hào)

Phuong Ly (Phương Ly)

Quang Huy (An Quang Huy)

Rosy (Mai Huyền My)

Sơn Tùng M-TP (Nguyễn Thanh Tùng)

Soobin Huangshan (Nguyen Hoang Son)

Thanh Hằng (Phạm Thị Thanh Hằng)

Tóc Tiên (Nguyễn Khoa Tóc Tiên)

Toof.P (Nguyễn Lâm Hoàng Phúc)

Tùng Maru (Hồ Lê Thanh Tùng)

Yori (Lê Võ Huỳnh Nga)

Zino (Ngô Nguyên Bình)

Korean:

Ahn Hyo-seop (안효섭)

English name: Paul Ahn

Arden Cho

Bae Ju-hyun aka Irene (배주현)

Bae Suzy [or Suzy] aka Bae Su-ji (배수지)

Byun Baek-hyun aka Baekhyun (변백현)

Cho Mi Yeon aka Miyeon (조미연)

Cho Seo Young aka Ireh (조서영)

Choi Choong Hyup aka Baron (최충협)

Claudia Kim

Han Eunji aka Mia (한은지)

Han Sung Min (한성민)

Heo Yoorim aka Aisha (허유림)

Jamie Chung

Jang Eun Seong aka Dosie (장은성)

Jang Woo-young aka Ace (장우영) 

Jeon Ji-woo aka Jiwoo (전지우)

Jeon Jung-kook aka Jungkook (전정국)

Jeon So-min aka Somin (전소민)

Jeon So-yeon aka Soyeon (전소연) 

Jo Serim aka Onda (조세림) 

Jung Jae-hyun aka Jaehyun

Legal name: Jung Yoon Oh (정윤오)

Jung Ho-seok aka J-Hope (정호석)

Jung Sung Chan aka Sungchan (정성찬)

Kang Seul-gi aka Seulgi (강슬기)

Ki Hong Lee

Kim Dong-young aka Doyoung (김동영‬)

Kim Gun Hak aka Leedo (김건학)

Kim Ho-sung aka Lou (김호성)

Kim Jennie aka Jennie (김제니)

Kim Ji Soo aka Jisoo (김지수)

Kim Jin Seok (김진석) / Kim Woo Jin (김우진) aka BM

English name: Matthew Kim  

Kim Jong-in aka Kai (김종인)

Kim Jung-woo aka Jungwoo (김정우) 

Kim Nam-joon aka RM (김남준)

Kim Seok-jin aka Jin (김석진)

Kim Sihyeon aka Sihyeon (김시현)

Kim So-hyun (김소현)

Kim Soo-hyun (김수현)

Kim Tae-hyung aka V (김태형)

From BTS

Kim Tae-hyung aka J.Seph (김태형)

From K.A.R.D

Kim Tae-yeon aka Taeyeon (김태연)

Kim Ye-rim aka Yeri (김예림)

Kim Yoo-jung (김유정)

Kim Young Jo aka Ravn (김영조)

Kwon Bo-ah aka BoA (권보아)

Lee Chae-young aka Chaein (이채영) 

Lee Dong-hyuck aka Haechan (이동혁)

Lee Gun Min (이건민) aka Seoho

Legal name: Lee Seo Ho (이서호)

Lee Ji-eun aka IU (이지은 )

Lee Je-no aka Jeno (이제노)

Lee Keon Hee aka Keonhee (이건희)

Lee Min Hyung aka Mark (이민형)

English name: Mark Lee

Lee Sun-bin (이선빈)

Lee Sung-kyung (이성경 )

Lee Tae-min aka Taemin (이태민)

Lee Tae-yong aka Taeyong (이태용)

Min Yoon-gi aka Suga (민윤기)

Moon Chae-won (문채원)

Moon Geun-young (문근영)

Moon Tae-il aka Taeil (문태일)

Na Jae-min aka Jaemin (나재민)

Na Go Eun (나고은)

Noh Yoon Ho aka Ayno (노윤호)

Park Chae Young aka Rosé (박채영)

Park Hee Jun aka Ziu (박희준)

Park Ji Eun (박지은) 

Park Ji Min aka Jimin (박지민)   

Park Ji-sung aka Jisung (박지성) 

Park Jiwon aka E:U (박지원)

Park Shin-hye (박신혜)

Park So-dam (박소담)

Park Soo-young aka Joy (박수영)

Park Su-jin aka Swan (박수진)

Pony or Pony Park aka Park Hye-min

Seo Su Jin aka Soojin (서수진)

Seo Ye-ji (서예지)

Seo Young Ho aka Johnny (서영호)

English Name: John Suh 

Son Dong Ju aka Xion (손동주)

Son Seung Wan aka Wendy (손승완) 

Yeo Hwan Woong aka Hwanwoong (여환웅)

Chinese:

Bai Jingting (白敬亭)

满族

Bai Lu (白鹿)

汉族 

Cai Xukun (蔡徐坤)

汉族  

Cai Zhuo Yi aka Joey Chua (蔡卓宜)

Cao Lu (曹璐)

苗族

Cheng Mengchen aka Shen Mengchen (沈梦辰)

土家族

Curly G (希林娜依·高)

维吾尔族 

Deng Lun aka Allen Deng (邓伦)

汉族 

Dilraba Dilmurat (دىلرەبا دىلمۇرات)

Mandarin Chinese: 迪丽热巴/ 迪力木拉提

维吾尔族  

Dong Sicheng aka WinWin (董思成)

汉族 

Gulinazhaer Baihetiyaer aka Gulnazar (古力娜扎) (گۈلنەزەر بەختىيار)

Mandarin Chinese: Gulinazha/Guli Nazha (古力那扎尔·拜合提亚尔)

维吾尔族  

Fan Bingbing (范冰冰)  

汉族

Fan Chengcheng  (范丞丞)

汉族

Fernanda Ly (利献灵)

Gao Yuanyuan (高圆圆)

汉族 

Guan Xiaotong (关晓彤)

满族 

Huang Guanheng aka Hendery (黄冠亨)

汉族 

Huang Renjun aka Renjun (黄仁俊)

朝鲜族 

Jia Fu aka Fingal (付嘉)

汉族

Jia Nailiang aka Jerry Jia (贾乃亮)

汉族

Jike JuanyiJike Junyi aka Summer (吉克隽逸)

Other name:  王隽逸   

彝族

Jing Tian (景甜)

汉族 

Li Bingbing (李冰冰)

汉族 

Li Qin (李沁) 

汉族 

Li Xiaolu aka Jacqueline Li (李小璐)

汉族 

Lin Xinru aka Ruby Lin (林心如)

汉族

Liu Shishi aka Cecilia Liu (刘诗诗)

回族

Liu Yangyang aka Yangyang (刘扬扬)

汉族 

Liu Ying (刘颖) aka Ying Er (颖儿)

汉族 

Lu Han (鹿晗)

汉族 

Luo Yunxi aka Leo Luo (罗云熙)

汉族 

Ma Sichun aka Sandra Ma (马思纯)

回族 

Madina Memet (مادىنا مەمەت )

Mandarin Chinese: 麦迪娜 or 麦迪娜·买买提/ 买地娜·买买提

维吾尔族

Meng Ziyi aka Zoey (孟子义)

汉族

Merxat (米热夏提▪亚里坤)

维吾尔族

Ni Ni (倪妮)

汉族 

Ouyang Nana (欧阳娜娜)

汉族 

Qian Kun aka Kun (钱锟)

汉族 

Song Yuqi aka Yuqi (宋雨琦)

汉族 

Song Weilong (宋威龙)

汉族 

Song Zuer aka Lareina Song (宋祖儿)

汉族 

Sun Li (孙俪)

汉族 

Sun Bohao (孙博豪)

Tang Yan aka Tiffany Tang (唐嫣)

汉族 

Tang Wei (汤唯)

汉族 

Ten aka Chittaphon Leechaiyapornkul (เตนล์ ชิตพล ลี้ชัยพรกุล)

Li Yong Qin (李永钦)

Ethnically Chinese 

Tian Yitong (田依桐)

Tong Liya (佟丽娅)

锡伯族 

Father: Tong Jisheng (佟吉生) of Xibe ethnicity from Xinjiang 

Mother: Mao Haiying (毛海英) of Han ethnicity from Gansu

Wang Chuanyi aka Kingone Wang (王传一)

Wang Jiaer aka Jackson Wang (王嘉尔)

Wang Likun aka Claudia Wang (王丽坤)

满族

Wang Yibo aka Yibo (王一博)

汉族 

Wang Yifei aka Faye (王一菲)

汉族 

Wang Yiren aka Yiren (王怡人)

Wang Ziyi (王子异)

Wang Zhuocheng (汪卓成)

汉族

Wu Qian aka Janice Wu (吴倩)

汉族 

Wu Tianming aka Constance Wu (吴恬敏)

Wu Xize aka Caesar Wu (吴希泽) 

汉族 

Xiao Dejun aka Xiao Jun (肖俊)

汉族 

Xiao Zhan aka Sean Xiao (肖战)

汉族 

Xu Ke (徐可)

徐可 

Yang Mi (杨幂)

汉族 

Yang Wei Ling Hua (杨魏玲花)

蒙古族

Yang Zhiying aka Katherine Yang (杨之楹)

Yang Zi aka Andy Yang (杨紫)

汉族 

Ye Shuhua aka Shuhua (叶舒华)

Yu Shuxin aka Esther Yu (虞书欣)

汉族 

Zhao Liying (赵丽颖)

汉族 

Zhang Liyin (张力尹)

彝族

Zhang Xinyuan (张辛苑)

汉族 

Zhang Yixing aka Lay/Lay Zhang (张艺兴)

汉族

Zheng Shuang (郑爽)

汉族 

Zhou Dongyu (周冬雨)

汉族 

Zhong Chenle aka Chenle (钟辰乐)

汉族 

Zhou Jieqiong aka Kyulkyung (周洁琼)

汉族

Zhu Zhengting (朱正廷)

Japanese:

Abe Haruno aka Haru (阿部春野)

Adachi Yuto aka Yuto (足立湯と)

Alice Hirose- Hirose Arisu (広瀬 アリス)

Aragaki Yui (新垣 結衣)

Hamada Asahi aka Asahi (浜田朝光)

Hirai Momo aka Momo (平井 もも)

Hirokawa Mao aka May (廣川茉音) 

Honda Hitomi aka Hitomi (本田仁美) (ほんだ ひとみ)

Ishigami Kuniko (石神 国子)

Kanemoto Yoshinori aka Yoshi (金本芳典)

Katsuno Rise aka Remi (勝野莉世) 

Kiritani Mirei (桐谷 美玲)

Birth name: Sayasa Matsuoka (松岡さや紗)

Komatsu Nana (小松 菜奈)

Lyrica Okano

Minatozaki Sana aka Sana (湊崎 紗夏)

Miyawaki Sakura aka Sakura (宮脇咲良)

Mori Koyuki aka Yuki (もうりこゆき)

Myoui Mina aka Mina (名井 南)

English name: Sharon Myoui

Nakagawa Taishi (中川大志)

Nakamoto Yuta aka Yuta (中本悠太)

Okamoto Tao (岡本 多緒)

Osaki Shotaro aka Shotaro (大崎将太郎)

Sasaki Nozomi (佐々木 希)

Satoh Takeru (佐藤 健)

Shimabukuro Satsuki  (島袋 さつき) aka Meisa Kuroki (黒木 メイサ)

Takahashi Juri aka Juri (高橋朱里) (たかはし じゅり)

Takata Mashiho aka Mashiho (高田ましほ)

Takei Emi (武井 咲) 

Watanabe Haruto aka Haruto (渡辺春虎)

Yabuki Nako aka Nako (矢吹奈子) 

Yamashita Tomohisa aka Yamapi (山下 智久)

Yamada Ryosuke (山田 涼介)

Filipino:

Angel Locsin

Birth name: Angelica Locsin Colmenares

Charo Ronquillo 

Coco Martin

Birth name: Rodel Pacheco Nacianceno

Daniel Padilla

Devon Seron

Gabbi Garcia

Birth name: Gabriella Louise Ortega Lopez

Janine Tugonon

Birth name: Janine Mari Raymundo Tugonon

JC de Vera

Julie Anne San Jose

Birth name: Julie Anne Peñaflorida San Jose

Manuel Jacinto

Rita Daniela

Birth name: Rita Daniela De Guzman Iringan

Sam Concepcion

Birth name: Samuel Lawrence Lopez Concepcion

Teresita Marquez  

Birth name: Teresita Ssen Lacsamana Márquez

Yūn/Yūki Mago

Birth name: Laya

Indonesian:

Jelita Septriasa aka Acha Septriasa

Maudy Mikha Maria Tambayong aka Mikha Tambayong

Muhammad Tulus aka Tulus

Nikita Purnama Willy aka Nikita Willy

Rachel Amanda Aurora

Rizky Febian Adriansyah Sutisna aka Rizky Febian  

Sherina Munaf

Shireen Sungkar

Yunita Rachman aka Yura Yunita 

Malaysian: 

Amber Chia 

Jordan Rodrigues

Yunalis binti Mat Zara'ai aka Yuna

Mixed: 

Aarif Rahman aka Li Zhiting (李治廷)

Of Arab, Malay, and Chinese descent

Awkwafina aka Nora Lum 

Of Korean & Chinese parentage

Mother: Korean, Father: Chinese

Bambam aka Kunpimook Bhuwakul (กันต์พิมุกต์ ภูวกุล) 

Of Chinese descent, one of his grandma is Chinese.

Belle aka Jin Hyeon Ju (진현주)

Of Korean and Filipino parentage

Mother: Filipina, Father: Korean

Brenda Song 

Of Thai & Hmong parentage

Chanmina aka Otomonai Mina (ちゃんみな)

Of Japanese and Korean parentage

Mother: Korean, Father: Japanese 

Elaiza Ikeda

Of Filipino and Japanese parentage

Mother: Filipino of Spanish descent, Father: Japanese

Haley Tju

Of Chinese and Indonesian descent

Hari Won  aka Lưu Esther 

Of Vietnamese and Korean parentage

Mother: Korean, Father: Vietnamese 

Hashimoto Tenka (橋本 甜歌)

Of Japanese and Chinese parentage

Mother: Chinese, Father: Japanese

Heart Evangelista aka Love Marie Payawal Ongpauco-Escudero

Filipina-Chinese

Lucas aka Lucas Wong/Huang Xuxi (黄旭熙)

Of Thai & Chinese parentage

Mother: Thai, Father: Chinese

Manika aka Manika Grace Ward

Part Filipino, Japanese, Chinese, Malaysian, and Spanish

Nichkhun aka Nichkhun Buck Horvejkul (นิชคุณ หรเวชกุล)

Mother: Chinese, Father: Thai/Chinese descent

Takahashi Yu (高橋 ユウ) 

Of Filipino and Japanese parentage

Mother: Filipino, Father: Japanese

Tomo aka Visava Thaiyanont (วิศว ไทยานนท์)

Of Thai & Japanese parentage

Mother: Japanese, Father: Thai

Yuki Anggraini Kato 

Of Japanese and Indonesian parentage

More resources: 

https://kprofiles.com/

https://mydramalist.com/

https://www.celebsfacts.com/

https://ethnicelebs.com/

@/ peppermintstranger- Tumblr

@/ kpopfcs- Tumblr

@/ japanesefcs- Tumblr

@/ herorps- Tumblr

@/ rphlix- Tumblr

@/ h4nb1ns- Tumblr

Check Wikipedias (+ their sources) that are in other languages.  Google translate them or ask for help to translate/read it.

Disclaimer---> tw: weight for Italicized bolded sites