caprabarbuta

[maybe-it-wont-last]

I am naively hoping that the 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution will remind the people of my country that fascism isn't the answer.

Let's make it to a century of democracy and many more after that.

[lower-management]

//I know nobody but italians actually celebrate this but happy 25th of april to everyone anyway!

To all of you who don't know what it is it's the date Italy was freed from nazis in short. And I'd like to use this day to say fuck you to our prime minister who's a fascist. Got out of my school and there were about 3 posters of her back to back, today I went to celebrate this day as seeing who's in our government it's more important than ever. Fuck all of them.

So happy 25th to all the italians who follow me, all the italians who don't and everyone else cause why not!

[glitchinnf]

HAPPY 25TH

i actually drew a thingie in time!!

[just-a-music-and-poetry-lover]

50 years. 50 years ago today, Portugal breathed freedom for the first time in 48 years.

We went from 48 years of a fascist dictatorship to democracy overnight. In Portugal, the 25th of April, 1974 is known as Freedom Day, as the Carnation Revolution Day.

Carnation Revolution because there was a florist in that day that, realising that she wouldn't work that day because the country was shut down, started handing out red carnations to the soldiers that she saw on the street where she worked, who put the flowers in their guns. This revolution is also known as the bloodless revolution because (almost) no one died because of it.

Today, my country celebrates 50 years of freedom while, a month ago, 50 fascists were elected for Parliament.

My parents are both older than democracy in Portugal. One of my great grandmothers was 26 when the dictatorship started, 74 when it ended, and died when she was 82.

Today, in the streets, the people sing:

"25th of April always, fascism never again!"

[shyrendl]

I managed to post this on time on insta but not here lol, but either way, any day is worth celebrating this, so happy 25th of April!

[what-the-fuck-khr]

april twenty-fifth

[anneowl2803]

Happy 25th of April!!

May Portugal never again fall under any kind of dictatorship! We don’t want right-wing fascist or communists. We just want freedom, democracy and a flourishing economy!

[bobbie-robron]

On this day… 25th of April

Bonus:

[hanban371213]

hello hannah nation, finaly the end of the second to last book! context in the first post, find it through the first tag, have fun!

Book 8 - Portugal and the world, from the Second World War to the start of the 80s - internal options and international context.

Part 2 - Portugal, from Authoritarianism to Democracy

The end of the Second World War was seen as a "victory against fascism", also made Salazar have to, at the very least in apearence, "democratize" the country. The government was dissolved, opposition was allowed to form(the MUD - Movimento de Unidade Democrática), and elections were announced. However, these elections end up being a total farce. The MUD removes their candidacy, and their members are captured and repressed.

Afterwards in the presidential elections the people rally around the candidate Norton de Matos, but he was severely repressed and ended up giving up. The Democratic Oposition fragmented and weakened as time passed, until 1958 with the candidacy of Humberto Delgado, known as the "fearless general", due to his strong position as the one who's not gonna give up from the elections, and for publicly declaring that he would "obviously fire Salazar" once in charge. He created a massive popular mobilization around him, but when the results came he lost with only 25% of the votes. Américo Tomás won and the election system was abolished. But, the results of were put in doubt and the regime lost a lot of credibility, and in the following years the Democratic Oposition only increased in strength.

Economicaly the country was in stagnation. There was a huge lack of infraestructure, farms in the North were too small to mecanize, farms in the South were way too big and wasted, and most farmers lived in total poverty. This led to a lot of emigration, from the rural interior to the coast, but mainly outside of the country, mostly illegaly.

Salazar was forced to rethink his anti-industry policies, and allowed some limited industrialization, but with the sole purpose of replacing imports. The country integrated in the Marshall Plan and elaborated Fomentation Plans, and as such the coastal regions urbanized. This city growth led to a cosmopolitan style of life and aproximation of the country to European standards.

As the old colonial powers decolonized, Portugal remained stubborn, declaring that their colonies were actualy just "overseas provinces". This eventualy led to the colonies revolting, starting the colonial war, which alongside the increased number of ex-colonial nations in the UN, and the hostility of the unitedstatian administration, led to the country becoming even more isolated.

In 1968, Marcello Caetano replaces Salazar, and considering his frequent and periodic oposition to Salazar's ideals while in government gave a sign of hope to the Democratic Oposition. However, in the next elections the União Nacional(party of the Estado Novo) wins 100% of the seats, and increases it's repression on the opposition, showing that Nothing Has Changed. Another topic in which nothing changed was the colonial war, that Marcello Caetano insisted in continuing.

All of this only increased the internal and external oposition to the regime. Internaly: maoists groups, catholics, pastor D. António Ribeiro, the III congress of the Democratic Oposition, the army, specificaly general António de Spínola. Externaly: the Pope Paulo VI, the UN, protests in London during Marcello's visit.

The colonial war led to a lot of unhappiness in the army, who formed the Movimento das Forças Armadas(MFA), who planned a coup. In the 25th of April 1974, the end-of-regime operation begins. After the siege at the Quartel do Carmo, Marcello Caetano surrenders to general Spínola. The Junta de Salvação Nacional is created, that dismanteled the structure of the Estado Novo, and promissed to begin elections one year from then.

Immediatly after the fall of the Estado Novo, known as the "pre-constitutional period", Portugal lived in extreme instability, with the Provisional Governments progressively turning more to the left, with Vasco Gonçalves, associate of the PCP(Portuguese Communist Party) in charge of the Provisional Governments. General Spínola tried to stop this with a coup, but it fails, and in response the government radicalises even more, and creates the Council of the Revolution. The country undergoes multiple nationalizations and massive colectivization, and the African colonies are let go with no concessions. With a lot of pressure from the Socialist Party, the promissed elections take place, on the 25th of April 1975. The far-left loses, but they refuse to leave the government, during a period known as "hot summer", until one final coup on the 25th of November. The new Constitutional Assembly works on elaborating a new constitution, but due to the chaotic and radical conditions they were going through, they signed the MFA-Parties Treaty, that guaranteed the persevation of the revoltionary achievements in the new constitution (such as the nationalizations and the Council of the Revolution). The new constitution enters into effect on the 25th of April 1976.

As time passed, the country underwent multiple constitutional revisions, to democratize the country, and better integrate with the rest of Europe.

[aeleorn]

[stars-bean]

Miss Congeniality (2000) dir. Donald Petrie

[arokalypse]

im sorry i had to do it that line is just so damn *chef's kiss* ARO

[bethccassidy]

MISS CONGENIALITY (2000) dir. Donald Petrie

Stan Fields: Describe your perfect date.

[trynot-moved]

MISS CONGENIALITY (2000) dir. Donald Petrie

[baltharino]

Miss Congeniality (2000) Dir. Donald Petrie

[ellas-purnell]

MISS CONGENIALITY 2000 — dir. Donald Petrie