#375 ipc

[sometimes-men-need-help-too]

3 female MRA's from India

I first saw their names on the men's right reddit page and searched up some info about them

Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj:  

Deepika Narayan Bhardwaj is an Indian Journalist, Documentary Filmmaker & a Men's Rights Activist from Gurgaon, Haryana. ​ In times when everyone's emphatically talking about women's rights, Deepika makes a strong case for protection of rights of men too whether it's false accusations or domestic violence or sexual crimes perpetrated upon them. Her documentary films focus on gender politics as it intersects with laws, justice, culture, society, and institutions and explores often ignored side of gender issues from a new perspective. Her films are particularly known for ground research, facts & statistics elaborated in depth.  ​ In 2010, she was selected as one of the ten journalists from around the world to attend "Future Media Leaders Course" By Thomson Foundation UK.  She's a woman trying to create a world where there is no gender war and all genders empathize with each other's struggles & sufferings.

Arnaz Hathiram:

She is the founder of the website called Voice for Men India

Voice for Men is an earnest effort to appreciate men as one of the genders that are equally important to society. Your online mag will ensure its best to curate relevant articles, information, interviews as well as judicial verdicts that could be significant in the journey of 'His Story.' The platform also brings together the energies of several on-ground Men's Rights Activists in India who have been struggling for gender equilibrium in civilisation as a whole. About the founder: Arnaz Hathiram has been an active member of the Men's Rights Movement and has also represented the delegation that organised a seminar demanding a commission for men in India in September in 2018. She holds a Master's degree in Journalism and Mass Communications with a specialization in social media. With near two-decade long professional industry experience, our founder is an effective advocate of the cause and drives messages to the masses using creative communication. Having worked with several online media portals, she had rich experience in curating and cultivating relevant content from the web, designing newsletters and running campaigns

There's also info on how to reach her on social media as well as an email if you need to reach her for legal matters or content.

On the website, there's different categories from alimony to murder to in the law to suicide to success stories and more.

And finally, we have Monica Garkhel who is a lawyer

Together let’s build a system where all genders can co-exist peacefully!! Hi, I am Monica Garkhel, a gender equality crusader. In India, many laws exist for the protection of women, but no one cares about the pressure that a man handles and that is the reason why no laws are made in favour of men. Many women nowadays take support of modern legal India and file false cases against their male partners. Family laws exist in our country but women believe that those laws are only made for them. Men always have a fear of defamation in society and due to this fear, they are unable to put forward their part of the story. Women in India have got a tool, that is called feminism and they can play a feminist card very easily nowadays. Most of the women who torture a man mentally are the advocates of feminism only. With laws being made to protect women, our judiciary system has become biased. We all talk and hear a lot about women’s rights. Whereas in all this chaos men’s rights often go unnoticed and unheard. With laws like IPC 498A, PWDVA 2005 Domestic Violence, 125CrPC Maintenance, IPC 375 Gang Rape, IPC 376 False Rape, and many others because of which innocent men and their families are being suffered.

If a woman lodges a complaint against her man, then the police will quickly issue an arrest warrant against the man and in some cases, they don’t even ask for evidence. If the same case is put-up in front of the police by a man, then they will not even take the case seriously in India. First of all, only a few men put up such cases in front of the police because most men don’t even show that they are being harassed due to the social stigma, i.e., “Men are meant to be stronger”. Here, we will provide you the knowledge about the rights of a man, from which Indian men are unaware until today. Our website will tell you about how women pressurize men by taking legal action against them and by trapping them in false cases. I am here to bring awareness about men’s rights, Counsel either gender, raise my voice against this unjust and inhuman system, and offer my Legal advice and support if you are fighting a legal battle.

[legalwires]

Consent of a Child under Section 27 of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Introduction In India, a child is defined as a person below 18 years, as per the Indian Majority Act, 1875, aligning with the UNCRC. The capacity of a child to consent is crucial in various legal contexts. Under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, Section 375 states that any sexual activity with a girl below 18 is considered rape, regardless of consent, and the POCSO Act, 2012, prohibits child…

[poshadvo]

The POSH (Prevention of Sexual Harassment) Act 2013 and the existing sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) Relationship.

The POSH (Prevention of Sexual Harassment) Act 2013 and the existing sections of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) dealing with sexual harassment serve different puroses and have different legal frameworks. Here's a comparative overview of the two:

Purpose and Scope: • POSH Act 2013: This Act is specifically designed to address and prevent sexual harassment at workplaces. It defines sexual harassment, mandates the establishment of Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) in organizations, and provides a structured process for filing and resolving complaints within the workplace. • IPC Sections on Sexual Harassment: The IPC contains various sections that deal with sexual offenses, but they are not specific to workplace harassment. These sections cover a wider range of sexual offenses, including rape (Section 375), outraging the modesty of a woman (Section 354), and others. These sections are applicable in general, non-workplace settings

Applicability: • POSH Act 2013: Applicable exclusively to workplaces, including both public and private sectors, and covers employees, interns, and volunteers. • IPC Sections: The IPC sections dealing with sexual offenses are applicable across all settings, not just workplaces. They apply to offenses committed in public spaces, private spaces, or anywhere else.

Offenses: • POSH Act 2013: Focuses on sexual harassment in the workplace, which includes unwelcome physical contact, verbal or written advances, creating a hostile work environment, and more. • IPC Sections: Cover a broader range of sexual offenses, such as rape, molestation, and outraging the modesty of a woman, which are not limited to workplace scenarios.

Authorities and Procedures: • POSH Act 2013: Establishes Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) within organizations to investigate and resolve complaints. It provides a structured procedure for filing and handling complaints within the workplace. • IPC Sections: Cases under the IPC are typically filed with the police, and the legal process involves the criminal justice system, including investigation, trial, and potential punishment by the courts.

Penalties and Punishments: • POSH Act 2013: Penalties under the POSH Act primarily focus on organizational non-compliance and can include fines or the possibility of cancellation of licenses or registrations of organizations. Punishments for individuals found guilty of sexual harassment vary but may include warnings, termination, or legal action. • IPC Sections: Penalties and punishments under the IPC are more severe and may include imprisonment, depending on the specific offense and its severity. In summary, the POSH Act 2013 and the IPC sections dealing with sexual harassment serve different purposes and have distinct scopes. The POSH Act is specifically tailored to address sexual harassment within the workplace, while the IPC sections cover a wider range of sexual offenses applicable in various settings. It's important to note that the IPC sections can also be invoked in cases of sexual harassment, but the POSH Act provides a dedicated framework for addressing workplace-specific incidents.

[the-social-truth]

Is India’s Legal System Blind to Marital Rape

Even though we have strict laws in place for the protection of women, our legal system is still lax when it comes to marital rape. As a result, India is among the last 36 countries that have not yet criminalized this form of violence within marriage. Without a doubt, marital rape violates women’s fundamental rights, particularly those guaranteed by Articles 14, 15, and 21 of the Indian…

Even though we have strict laws in place for the protection of women, our legal system is still lax when it comes to marital rape. As a result, India is among the last 36 countries that have not yet criminalized this form of violence within marriage.

Without a doubt, marital rape violates women's fundamental rights, particularly those guaranteed by Articles 14, 15, and 21 of the Indian Constitution. The constitutionality of the immunity clause for marital rape has been questioned in a number of petitions against marital rape that have been brought in the High Court recently, but the matter has not yet been settled. This suggests that legislators might not be too concerned about marital rape because they have other things on their minds….

[dailymailsky]

Physical relationship with minor not rape if she is wife: Delhi High Court

The Delhi High Court said this while upholding a trial court's judgement which declared a man not guilty of raping his 15-year-old wife.

NEW DELHI: The Delhi High Court has refused to entertain the State’s appeal against a man’s acquittal in a case of raping his 15-year-old wife, saying his physical relationship with her cannot be termed as rape.

The high court upheld a trial court’s judgement which had declared the Muslim man not guilty of raping his second wife, saying he has been rightly acquitted.

“The additional sessions judge had rightly observed that in view of the testimony of the child that she got married to the respondent (man) in the month of December 2014 and only thereafter did they have a physical relationship, no offence under Section 6 read with Section 5(1) of POCSO Act was made out and the respondent was rightly acquitted,” a bench of Justices Suresh Kumar Kait and Neena Bansal Krishna said.

The high court said there was no ground for grant of leave to appeal against the trial court’s verdict and dismissed an application filed by the police.

“We find that since the child victim was the wife who was almost fifteen years of age, the physical relationship of the respondent with the victim, cannot be termed as rape. The respondent has been rightly acquitted,” the bench said.

Under the exception given in Section 375 (rape) of the IPC, sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his wife, the wife not being under 15 years, is not rape.

According to the prosecution, a rape case was lodged against the man in 2015 on the complaint of the girl’s mother after finding out that her minor daughter was pregnant.

The girl, in her testimony before the trial court, submitted that the man who was her brother-in-law had married her in December 2014 after which he established physical relations with her with her consent and she became pregnant.

She said the fact that she had got married to the man was not known to her mother, who lodged a complaint with the police upon discovering that she was pregnant.

[legalupanishad]

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita(BNS) Bill, 2023: Brief Overview

This article on 'The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill, 2023: A Brief Overview' was written by Toya Sen, an intern at Legal Upanishad.

Introduction

On August 11, 2023, the Home Minister of India, Amit Shah, introduced three bills in the esteemed House of Lok Sabha. This is a momentous and pivotal step in India’s existing Criminal Justice System as it aims to revamp and replace the colonial laws, namely the Indian Penal Code, The Code of Criminal Procedure, and The Indian Evidence Act, which have been in place since British Rule. The Indian Penal Code is set to be replaced by The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, while The Code of Criminal Procedure will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita. Additionally, the Indian Evidence Act will be substituted with the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill. This article will explore the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill and its impact on current criminal laws, highlighting the significant changes it has introduced.

Background

In the year 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs set up a committee led by Dr. Ranbir Singh, who was the former vice-chancellor of the National Law University Delhi (NLUD), to review the three codes of criminal law that govern the criminal justice system in India. The committee aimed to suggest changes to the criminal laws of the country in a principled, effective, and efficient way that prioritizes the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation. They also aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual. In February, the committee submitted its recommendations.

The Indian Penal Code (IPC)

As of recently, the Indian Penal Code is the certified code for India, encompassing all areas of criminal law. Its existence can be traced back to the 19th century, when it was first drafted by the First Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay. In 1837, the initial version of the code was introduced to the Governor-General in Council, but due to various revisions and amendments, it took more than two decades for the criminal code to be enacted. The drafting was finally completed in 1850 and was presented before the Legislative Council in 1856, but because of the Indian Revolt of 1857, it was further delayed in being added to the statute book of British India. On January 1st, 1860, the Indian Penal Code was put into effect after undergoing various revisions and amendments made by Barnes Peacock, who later became the first Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court. The IPC is divided into 23 chapters and has 511 sections in total.

Salient Features of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill, 2023

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023, aims to replace the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which has been in effect since British Rule in India. This new Bill proposes several modifications to the current criminal laws in the country, including those related to sedition, defamation, offenses against women, and attempted suicide. Unlike the IPC, which has 511 Sections, the BNS Bill contains 356 provisions. According to government officials, this new bill aims at effectively addressing crimes and criminals as well as serving as a deterrent. The legislation has a victim-centric approach, which was lacking in the 160-year-old IPC. The officials have also remarked that the IPC was designed to prioritize British Rule rather than protect human rights. One of the key examples of this would be laws relating to sedition. To address the issue of sedition, which has been used and misused by governments, the bill will seek to erase the sections completely from the new criminal code. The new law aims to clearly define serious crimes and establish effective methods for dealing with offenders. Priority has been given to crimes such as murder, offenses against women and children, and offenses against the State. To simplify and streamline the law, Section 375 (rape) has been renumbered as Section 63, while Section 300, which defines murder, will now be Section 99. Definitions that were previously scattered throughout Sections 6 to 52 have been consolidated into one Section. The sections that were overlapping have been combined and made more straightforward, resulting in a total of 356 sections, down from the existing IPC's 511 sections. Contact Us and avail the best assignment help for students available online! Key Highlights: Here are some key points from the bill aimed at tackling problems related to the IPC. Prevention of crime against women: This bill directs the government that proper investigation of a case is the top priority of any government. Situations or cases wherein a woman is subjected to the false promise of marriage, gang rape of minors, mob lynching, and chain snatching have been reported, but the previous code did not define the provisions to deal with these crimes. Therefore, in cases of a false promise of marriage, where a woman is being abandoned by her partner after establishing sexual relations, Section 69 of the BNS bill will be able to define this offense. Also, it has been said that the punishment for the two types of gangrape is to be merged and that the punishment for gangrape of a woman under the age of 18 would be life imprisonment or death. Mob lynching, Section 101(2): Due to extensive media coverage of mob lynching cases rising in the country, the new bill has defined the punishment for these instances from seven years imprisonment to life imprisonment or the death penalty. Child trafficking: The new BNS Bill proposes that any girl under 21 years of age and any boy under the age of 18 that is being trafficked into India from any other country outside India with the intention to force or seduce them into illicit sexual acts will be punished with imprisonment up to 10 years. Currently, there are no laws that govern or hold a person accountable for the aforementioned acts. The bill would include a new section that criminalizes the act of hiring, employing, or engaging a minor to commit these acts. Both girls and boys are trafficked to be exploited sexually. The word ‘minor girl’ would be substituted with the word ‘child’ to cover both males and females. Acts of terrorism: This section pertains to any actions that aim to jeopardize the unity, integrity, and security of India, intimidate the general public, or disturb public peace and order by utilizing a variety of deadly weapons and other hazardous substances. Additionally, any act listed in the second schedule of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act as a terrorist act is also considered under this section. Anyone involved, either directly or indirectly, in such acts will be considered a terrorist. Removing sedition from criminal law: Moreover, if an organization is owned or managed by a person or group involved in terrorism, that organization will be deemed a terrorist entity as well. If a terrorist act results in someone's death, the punishment can include the death penalty or life imprisonment along with a minimum fine of ten lakh rupees. In other cases, the minimum punishment is five years of imprisonment, which can be increased to life imprisonment. The section also prescribes a minimum punishment of five years imprisonment, which can be extended to life imprisonment, for those preparing for a terrorist act.

Removing sedition from criminal law

The existing act of sedition, which is a criminal offense under Section 124A of the IPC, has been set out to be erased from the new bill. Officials, however, have said that any act of secession, armed rebellion, separatist activities, or acts that harm the sovereignty, unity, or integrity of India will be punishable by law under Section 150. The act will be punishable with imprisonment up to seven years or life imprisonment, and it will also be liable for a fine.

Conclusion 

In a historic stride towards modernising India's Criminal Justice System, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) Bill of 2023 promises to replace outdated colonial-era laws. Crafted with a victim-centric approach, the BNS Bill addresses issues ranging from crimes against women to terrorism. By streamlining and clarifying laws, this legislation is set to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice process. This significant reform underscores the nation's commitment to safeguarding constitutional values and ensuring a safer, fairer, and more secure society for all.

References:

"Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 – Background, Objectives, Provisions", Vajiram & Ravi: IAS Study Center, 12 August 2023, available at: https://vajiramias.com/article/bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-bill-2023-background-objectives-provisions/64d731cc6c1bdb05a3de5ab0/ "Explained: Key provisions of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita bill 2023, expected to replace Indian Penal Code", CNBC TV 18, 11 August 2023, available at: https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/explained-key-provisions-of-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-bill-2023-expected-to-replace-indian-penal-code-17507431.htm Read the full article

[tfgadgets]

Marital rape: What are the legal issues in consideration before the Supreme Court?

A three-judge Bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D.Y. Chandrachud is slated to hear a batch of petitions challenging the constitutional validity of Exception 2 to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). The challenge also extends, by implication, to Exception 2 of Section 63 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, which supersedes the former provision. These provisions…

[thegardendreamer]

Section 375 movie

Section 375 movie

Akshaye Khanna, Richa Chadha deliver a brave film that raises questions

Section 375 of Indian Penal Code (IPC), effortlessly manages to register its presence in the minds of people. Directed by Ajay Bahl with actors Akshaye Khanna and Richa Chadha in pivotal roles, it’s surely a brave and relevant film that tackles a rather complex issue — of laws made to protect women, and the very same laws being misused by women for their vested interest. The way narrative switches from one person’s point of view to another’s, presents both sides of the story.

We’re not in the business of justice, we’re in the business of law’, ‘Law is not justice. It’s a tool to get there’, ‘Never fall in love with the law, it’s a jealous mistress’ and ‘Justice is abstract.

[youthagainstrape]

Grape- Grey Area Rape

Intercourse that isn't completely consensual but isn't sexual assault or simply unwanted copulation can be counted in the Grey area rape.

What do people think rape is?

A stranger wearing a scary mask and having a weapon attacks you in the night! As we think this is how rape looks like.

As per our television, media or movie show rape as a deed done by a stranger or a group of strangers in a completely dark place and sometimes also under the open sky.

Stranger danger scenario has been created in our minds.

Stranger danger!!

Attacks happen within the stranger scenarios but 93% of the rape cases registered in India are those in which the victim knows the accused by some relation. This attacker may be a family member, ex, current partner, office colleague, etc. We have got it all wrong. There is no stranger danger, the danger is from a guy you know or there is always a uni danger.

!!!! Twist: there is no grey area !!!!

A survey from 2005 says 33% of males admit a girl who flirts is partially responsible for rape. So the problem with consent is leading to grey area rape. It is now important to figure out that if an individual is flirting, laughing, or chilling out with you doesn't mean she wanted to have a sexual relationship with you.

Why do people think there is a grey area?

Maybe it is like that because I was drunk.

Maybe he didn't want to hurt me.

We've kissed before.

What if it's because I didn't fight back enough.

All these are common thoughts that create the concept of a grey area.

Between consensual and a stranger attack!

There are most of the offences like non-consensual sex is as much offensive as rape by a stranger. An assault that is done by anyone who you know is included in crime and as much punishable as done by a stranger. In England and Wales, approximately 85,000 women experience rape or attempt to rape every year which is included in the grey area but only 15% of the cases are registered. This number can be a lot bigger in India.

Sections dealing with the Grey area rape in India.

Section 375 and section 376 of IPC

Sexual intercourse with women against her will and consent by fraud or at a time when she is intoxicated or drugged is rape and any person doing this must be imprisoned with a minimum of 7 years and also he is liable to fine.

Be sensitive about what you speak. You may not be aware of it but there are people who are suffering or have suffered from this. It's the time to relearn about rape and to know that non-consensual sex is as horrible as rape.

It must be reported without any wavering.

[forensicfield]

MCQs on Forensic Law with answers

MCQs on Forensic Law with answers:

Dowry deaths are booked under which Section of Indian Law

(A) 320 IPC

(B) 304 A IPC

(C) 304 B IPC

(D) 375 IPC

Read More...

1. Dying declaration is to be preferably recorded by:

(A) Doctor

(B) Police

(C) Magistrate

(D) Jury Member

Answer: C

2. Murder cases are tried in the following courts:

(A) Chief Judicial Magistrate’s Court

(B) 1st Class Metropolitan Magistrate’s Court

(C) Sessions Court

(D) High Court

Answer: C

3. Police inquest is conducted under section:

(A) 174 CrPC

(B) 174 IPC

(C) 176 CrPC

(D)…

[pathologicalblabberbox10]

RISING SOCIO-ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES – CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS.

According to A.B. Atkinson, the concept economic inequality basically refers to inequality that exists in terms of wealth and income. Social inequality on the other hand refers to the lack of uniformity in social set up of a society i.e The enjoyments of rights and social freedoms, human rights and social statuses by a few on the expense of others. A pivotal example to quote here would be of the middle east. The region is highly gifted one considering that most of the world’s crude oil comes from there. It thereby became one of the most prosperous region in the world.

But, in hindsight, most of its countries are characterized by high amount of socio-economic inequalities. Only a few are reaping the benefits of development and GDP whereas most of them suffer in poverty. The inequalities of middle east are as high as Brazil and South Africa despite being so rich, wealthy and prosperous. The top 10% here take away 70% of the country’s wealth and the bottom 50% feed on just 10% of the wealth. The income inequality is also complimented by social inequalities of many kinds. The state of women is desperate with draconian laws like not allowing them to wear anything except hijab, until 2012 women weren’t allowed to drive in Saudi along with no freedom of speech and expression and freedom to protest.

If we move away a bit lack of income and wealth also forces one to give away his/her social freedoms like right to good health and/or right to good education. The capitalist ‘developed’ states have failed to provide correct mechanisms for these things and once again the poor have suffered. Most of the wealth though, procured under the masks of capitalism is illegal. For example a few years back, Apple committed tax evasion and tax fraud under its prominent tax haven Ireland. Apple failed to pay tax on 15.95 billion USD of its profits in 2016 and evaded it with Ireland’s help along with a net work of banks, lawyers and shell companies. Originating from a country where millions have no access to adequate healthcare and pharma prices are sky rocketing at a rate of 200% since 80’s Apple’s feat under capitalism seems unjust to the naked eye.

The consequences of such a feat was inadequate and unaccessible healthcare in the USA (not just cause of apple but capitalism as a whole). Globally, the accumulation of resources is in the hands of 0.01% of the population. In terms of social inequality, the rich, powerful and wealthy castes/classes/religion enjoy social freedoms on the expense of the marginalised. This directly results in stemming of social evils like poverty, protests, diseases, high rate of crime and terrorism along with death. Even nations globally struggle amongst each other for equality as the developing ones suffer at the behest of the developed.

It is evident that economic inequality has had adverse economic, social and political impacts for social stability and cohesion, political participation, poverty reduction, as well as the enjoyment of human rights. In addition, economic inequalities impede the enjoyment of social, cultural and economic rights, thus contributing to persistent socio-economic disadvantages among social groups.

Head back in time to the age of caste system in India. Although not rigid initially it progressed to be draconian. Social values of ‘religion’ and ‘dharma�� intertwined with it along with economic inequalities of wealth and income faced by the shudras. While the social set up made it imperative to follow the Varnas, economic inequalities along with social inequalities were the products of such a set up. When we talk about consequences, they are felt even today. Presently too women along with SC, ST and OBC are discriminated. These castes dwindle in poverty, lack of education and healthcare along with negligible human rights leading to policies like reservation which even today haven’t lead to mass improvements.

When we talk about women safety, the inequalities were perpetuated because of rules like ‘not allowing them to work’ leading to income inequalities and others like ‘dowry, pardah system and sati’ leading to social inequalities respectively. Obvious consequences thereafter were that today a women is raped every 15 minutes in India. Over 70% of rapes occur in their own homes and close to 20% are reported. Only 5% of the accused are convicted despite legal reforms of IPC 375, POCSO and fast track courts. Most of these women belong from marginalised communities and rural areas. Compare the rapes of brahmin women with those of the marginalised ones and see the magical statistical differences of it all.

Socio-economic inequalities are shaped by practices, historical contexts and mindsets. Their consequences are common ones like poverty, destitution, lack of rights and low standards of living amongst many. They wont change until mindsets and customs change and they wont stop until such practices stop.

[comdergrito-blog]

Sky Sports Schedule Eleven Sports virus free World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 1

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💯 https://gowwwurl.com/sport

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  Olympic Channel are on site at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Keep this blog bookmarked to see the all the latest news, videos, and updates from the desert on day three (Saturday 9th November. World Para Athletics Championships: Day 1-4. World Para Athletics Championships London 2017, Day 1 Highlights.

Kobe to host 2021 World Para Athletics Championships. Follow the second day of the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai Follow the second day of the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai Day 2, World Para Championships - Dubai, Olympic Channel. Skip to main content. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 1.0. Welcome to Day 4 of the World Para Athletics, where we've experienced more strange weather today. Dubai, which typically receives just a week of rain a year, experienced a deluge over lunch today, which has thankfully now passed. Posted: 2019-12-01T16:52:00.8323327+03:00.

1st to 4th of August 2019. Competition is one of the most important factors for junior athletes who aspire to become elite athletes. Therefore the International. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships day 10.

out a collection track and JWU Monday, 23 December 2019 20:52:00 TWEN 379 98 24 14 11 944 XRB 24 GNXD 957 852 RXN 82 22 39 932 476 957 GF 10 477 602 55 YRHM H 886 894 H 50 208 11/23/2019 01:52 AM BCQ 2019-11-26T21:52:00 346 YTLG 46 531 12/12/2019 09:52 Championships 18 47 891 976 6 375 605 91 80 85 879 01 Jan 2020 07:52 PM PDT 300 909 63 252 58 134 469 970 884 610 621 19 21 J Thu, 12 Dec 2019 10:52:00 GMT 202 27 671 421 87 641 163 the IPC Athletics European Championships 635 the event, formerly 48 FFYN 850 September 27 263 5 88 14

World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 1. GB team named for World Para Athletics Championships - AW. 2019 World Para Athletics Championships live streaming in Dubai ( Paralympic track and field ) World Athletics Championships 2019 Day 6 timetable: How to Watch, TV schedule on Wednesday 2nd October How to Watch the 2019 World Championships in Doha, Qatar, starting on September 27 through October 6.

Nov 9, 2019 - 196 min - Uploaded by DUBAI CLUB FOR PEOPLE OF DETERMINATIONDay 3 Morning, Dubai 2019. World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai 2019.

World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships day 13. World Para Athletics Championships: Day 1-4 All the running event winners so far in the London 2017 World Para Athletics Championships. Marathon: Bangkok Marathon (2019. 2019 World Para Athletics Championships livestream. The World Para Athletics European Championships, known prior to 2018 as the IPC Athletics European Championships is an event organized by World Para Athletics, the international athletics federation established under the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) in hletes with a physical disability compete, and there is also a specific category for athletes with an intellectual disability. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 17.

Check out a collection of World Para Athletics Championships Day 1 photos and editorial stock pictures. Explore quality sports images, pictures from top photographers around the world.

World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships day 11. Marathon: New York City Marathon (2019. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 1.2. Marathon: Istanbul Marathon (2019. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships day 1.

Day 4 LIVE: World Para Athletics Championships Dubai 2019. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships day in the life. World Para-Athletics Championships: World Para-Athletics Championships Day 3. Day 2, World Para Championships - Dubai, Olympic Channel. Marathon: Marathon Internacional Megacable Guadalajara (2019. Welcome to Day 1 of the World Para Athletics Championships 2019, where the first qualifying events took place this morning. The Opening Ceremony has concluded and now it's time for some action. Ten medals will be won over the next four hours, so stay up-to-date with all the action by refreshing this page.

Day 2 LIVE: World Para Athletics Championships Dubai 2019. The 2021 World Athletics Championships, the eighteenth edition of the World Athletics Championships, are scheduled to be held in 2021 in Eugene, Oregon, United States... Host selection. The selection of the host city was announced on April 16, 2015 in Beijing. Eugene was selected without a traditional bidding process, though Eugene did put in a bid for the 2019 World Championships, losing to Qatar. World Para-Athletics Championships%3a World Para-Athletics Championships Day 1. Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships, Athletics Canada.

The 2017 World Para Athletics Championships were a Paralympic track and field meet organized by the World Para Athletics subcommittee of the International Paralympic Committee, held at London Stadium in London from 14 to 23 July 2017. It was the 8th edition of the event, formerly known as the IPC Athletics World Championship prior to 2017, and featured 213 medal events. Marathon: Blom Bank Beirut Marathon (2019. World Para-Athletics Championships: Libby Clegg on motherhood and Dancing On Ice. Athletics. In pictures: World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai. Athletics. World Para-Athletics Championships: Hannah Cockroft wins gold ahead of Kare Adenegan.

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  Half Marathon: Semi-Marathon de Boulogne Billancourt Christian Granger (2019. Marathon: Nanchang International Marathon (2019.

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Rape on Dead Body: Karnataka High Court Ruling

This article on 'Rape on Dead Body: Karnataka High Court Ruling' was written by Mohammed Zaid Alam, an intern at Legal Upanishad.

Introduction

In India, the act of rape on dead body is considered a criminal offense. The specific provision that deals with this offense is Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). However, it's important to note that Section 377 has been primarily used to address unnatural sexual acts and does not explicitly mention the offense of rape on a dead body. The punishment for the act of rape on dead body may be determined by interpreting relevant provisions of the IPC and legal principles established through judicial decisions. In a recent ruling, the Karnataka High Court stated that engaging in rape on dead body does not fall under the offense of rape as defined by Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). According to the court, there is currently no provision within the IPC that specifically addresses this act. The article discusses a recent ruling by the Karnataka High Court stating that engaging in rape on dead body does not fall under the offense of rape as defined by Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The court noted that there is currently no specific provision in the IPC to address this act. The article also mentions the facts and laws related to the recent ruling.

The case before the Karnataka High Court

In a case that occurred on June 25, 2015, a 21-year-old woman was attacked while returning home from her computer class. The accused, Rangaraju, forcefully held her, gagged her, and took her to a nearby bush. He then proceeded to slit her throat, resulting in her death. This act is punishable under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). After the police registered a case, they obtained a statement from the accused, and a charge sheet was filed. The matter was sent to the sessions judge, who framed charges against the accused for murder and rape under Sections 302 and 376 of the IPC, respectively. After examining the evidence, the session's judge found that the prosecution had successfully proven the accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt for both the murder and the subsequent act of "raping" the victim's body. The accused was sentenced to rigorous life imprisonment and ordered to pay a fine of Rs. 50,000 for the murder. Additionally, he was given another 10 years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 25,000 for the offense of raping the victim's dead body. Subsequently, an appeal was filed before the Karnataka High Court.

The ruling by the High Court

The Karnataka High Court upheld the trial court's decision to convict the accused and sentenced him to life imprisonment for murder under Section 302 of the IPC. However, the high court acquitted him under Section 376 for the act of "raping" the victim's dead body, stating that the IPC does not provide for punishment in such cases. The court acknowledged that the accused engaged in rape on dead body but questioned whether it would constitute an offense under Sections 375 (rape) and 377 (unnatural offenses) of the IPC. Upon careful examination of Sections 375 and 377, the court concluded that the dead body cannot be considered a human or a person. Consequently, the provisions of Section 375 or 377 would not apply. The court clarified that no offense punishable under Section 376 had occurred and described the act as necrophilia, which is sexual attraction towards corpses. Referring to Section 46 of the IPC, the court highlighted that "death" refers to the death of a human being. Thus, rape must involve a living person, not a dead body. The court emphasized that a dead body cannot provide consent, protest against rape, or experience fear or outrage. The court also relied on a 1989 Supreme Court ruling in the case of "Pt Parmanand Katara, Advocate vs Union of India," which emphasized the need to maintain and respect the dignity of a dead body. The ruling stated that Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the right to dignity and fair treatment, which extends to a person's body even after death. Additionally, the court referred to a 2021 advisory by the National Human Rights Commission, which emphasized the prohibition of physical exploitation or discrimination in the treatment of dead bodies and emphasized the right to a decent and timely burial.

Rape on Dead Body: Karnataka High Court Ruling The Karnataka High Court emphasized the need for the central government to take prompt action and amend Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) to explicitly address offenses involving necrophilia. Alternatively, the court suggested introducing a separate legal provision that specifically criminalizes necrophilia, prescribing a punishment of up to 10 years of imprisonment along with a fine. Furthermore, the court-mandated the installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in morgues across Karnataka within six months. It directed the government to ensure hygiene, privacy, and the security of clinical records and information in these facilities. Additionally, the court emphasized the importance of sensitizing mortuary staff to handle such sensitive matters appropriately.

What is Necrophilia and its legal nature in India?

In the case of "Rangaraju @ Vajapeyi v. State of Karnataka," the Karnataka High Court acknowledged that necrophilia refers to a morbid fascination with death and the dead, specifically an erotic attraction to corpses. The court noted that necrophilia is classified as a psychosexual disorder, categorized under the DSM-IV as one of several paraphilias, which include sexual interests or behaviours that deviate from societal norms. Currently, the Indian Penal Code (IPC) does not explicitly mention necrophilia as a specific offense under sexual offenses. However, the court highlighted that it could potentially fall under Section 297 of the IPC, which deals with causing indignity to human corpses when trespassing into places for funeral rites or repositories for the remains of the dead. However, the court noted that Section 297 requires the act of causing indignity to be accompanied by an intention to wound feelings or insult religious sentiments. Additionally, the knowledge that someone's feelings are likely to be hurt or their religion insulted by such an act would constitute an offense under Section 297. The court observed that the present case did not fulfill the elements of Section 297, and therefore, the act could at most be considered sadism or necrophilia. It concluded that no offense was established under Section 376 of the IPC, which pertains to rape. The court also urged the central government to amend the law to address such acts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Karnataka High Court's ruling stated that engaging in sexual intercourse with a deceased person's body does not fall under the offense of rape as defined by Section 376 of the IPC. The court noted that there is currently no provision in the IPC to address this act. However, the court expressed the urgent need for the central government to amend the law to specifically address offenses related to necrophilia. The court recommended two potential approaches for addressing this issue. Firstly, it suggested amending Section 377 of the IPC to include provisions concerning necrophilia. Alternatively, the court proposed introducing a separate legal provision that specifically criminalizes necrophilia, with a recommended punishment of up to 10 years of imprisonment along with a fine. In addition to these legal recommendations, the court ordered the installation of CCTV cameras in morgues across Karnataka within six months. It also emphasized the importance of maintaining hygiene, privacy, and the security of clinical records and information in these facilities. Sensitizing mortuary staff to handle such sensitive situations with care and respect was another important aspect emphasized by the court. It is now up to the central government to consider these recommendations and take appropriate action to address the legal gaps and protect the dignity of the deceased.

References

- Sucheta, Government should either amend S. 377 IPC or bring in a new provision to make Necrophilia and sadism punishable with life imprisonment: Karnataka High Court, SCC Online, 1 June 2023, available at: https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/06/01/karnataka-high-court-recommends-central-government-make-law-on-necrophilia-legal-news/ - Mustafa Plumber, Rape On Woman's Dead Body Will Not Attract Section 376 IPC: Karnataka High Court, LiveLaw, 31 May 2023, available at: https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/karnataka-high-court-rape-dead-body-sexual-assault-acquittal-necrophilia-section-376-ipc-229822 - Sexual assault on a dead body is not rape, will not attract Section 376 IPC: Karnataka High Court, Livemint, 5 June 2023, availalble at: https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sexual-assault-on-a-dead-body-is-not-rape-will-not-attract-section-376-ipc-karnataka-high-court-11685962038511.html Read the full article