#Hydrogen Rocket Engine

[omshinde5145]

Hydrogen Rocket Engine Market Development and Future Demand Analysis Report 2030

The aerospace industry is entering a revolutionary phase, with the Hydrogen Rocket Engine Market emerging as a crucial driver of future space exploration. As countries and private companies aim to push the boundaries of space travel, the demand for advanced propulsion systems is growing exponentially. Among these, hydrogen-powered rocket engines are gaining significant attention due to their efficiency, environmental sustainability, and potential to fuel long-distance space missions.

Hydrogen rocket engines use liquid hydrogen (LH2) as fuel, combined with an oxidizer, typically liquid oxygen (LOX), to produce thrust. When these two elements combust, they create a high-velocity exhaust that propels the rocket forward. What makes hydrogen-based engines unique is their high specific impulse, meaning they provide more thrust per unit of propellant compared to other types of rocket engines, such as those powered by kerosene or solid fuel.

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Market Drivers: Efficiency and Sustainability

One of the main reasons for the growing interest in hydrogen rocket engines is their energy efficiency. Liquid hydrogen provides one of the highest energy-to-mass ratios among rocket fuels, enabling longer missions with less fuel. This makes hydrogen engines ideal for deep-space exploration missions, including trips to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Moreover, hydrogen combustion primarily produces water vapor as a byproduct, making these engines more environmentally friendly compared to traditional carbon-based rocket fuels. As environmental concerns continue to shape aerospace policies, the adoption of cleaner propulsion technologies like hydrogen engines is likely to accelerate.

Key Market Segments and Applications

Type of Engine: Liquid Hydrogen-Liquid Oxygen (LH2/LOX) engines and hybrid engines.

Application: Manned space missions, satellite launches, cargo transport, and planetary exploration.

End Users: Government space agencies (NASA, ESA), private aerospace companies (SpaceX, Blue Origin), and emerging space programs in developing nations.

In particular, the commercial space sector is experiencing rapid growth, driven by ventures like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Rocket Lab, all of which are investing in hydrogen engine technology to lower costs and improve mission capabilities.

Challenges Facing the Hydrogen Rocket Engine Market

Despite its promise, the hydrogen rocket engine market faces several challenges:

Cost: Producing, storing, and transporting liquid hydrogen requires advanced infrastructure and technologies, which are costly and complex. However, ongoing research is focused on reducing these costs.

Storage and Handling: Hydrogen, particularly in liquid form, needs to be stored at extremely low temperatures (-253°C), posing engineering challenges. Special cryogenic tanks and insulation materials are required, which add to the weight and cost of spacecraft.

Infrastructure: The current aerospace infrastructure is not fully equipped to handle large-scale hydrogen refueling, though companies and governments are working to develop hydrogen-based fueling systems.

Key Players in the Hydrogen Rocket Engine Market

Several aerospace giants and startups are currently leading the hydrogen rocket engine market:

NASA has been a pioneer in using liquid hydrogen in rocket engines, with its RS-25 engines (used in the Space Shuttle program) and the Space Launch System (SLS) being key examples.

SpaceX is exploring hydrogen as a potential fuel for future Mars missions, though it primarily focuses on methane engines currently.

Blue Origin’s BE-3 engine uses liquid hydrogen, demonstrating its potential for future human spaceflight missions.

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Future Prospects and Opportunities

The global demand for sustainable and efficient propulsion systems is expected to drive the hydrogen rocket engine market's growth over the next decade. As companies and space agencies continue to innovate, there is potential for significant advancements in cryogenic technologies, fuel efficiency, and space infrastructure to support hydrogen-based missions.

Additionally, the growing interest in space tourism and interplanetary exploration will likely expand the market for hydrogen engines. Private companies and space agencies alike are keen on reducing the cost of access to space, and hydrogen engines, with their superior performance and long-term sustainability, are at the forefront of this new space age.

Conclusion

The hydrogen rocket engine market represents a critical innovation in the aerospace industry, with the potential to revolutionize space exploration and transportation. As the technology advances and infrastructure challenges are addressed, hydrogen engines will likely play a leading role in propelling humanity toward deeper exploration of the solar system and beyond.

With environmental sustainability becoming a key focus and the continued push for cost-effective space missions, the hydrogen rocket engine market is poised for substantial growth in the coming years.

[elspethdixon]

The F-104, affectionately known by the Canadian Air Force as “the lawn dart.”

Pointy! This thing had the lift-over-drag ratio of a brick, btw, but it looks super awesome.

[techninja]

Hydrogen Rockets: The Key to Sustainable Space Exploration

Introduction to Hydrogen Rocket Engine

In the realm of space exploration, the quest for efficient propulsion systems has led to the development and utilization of hydrogen rocket engines. These engines harness the power of hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe, to propel spacecraft into the cosmos with remarkable efficiency and power.

History of Hydrogen Rocket Engine Development

The concept of using hydrogen as a propellant dates back to the early days of rocketry. However, it wasn't until the mid-20th century that significant advancements were made in the development of hydrogen rocket engines. Pioneering work by scientists and engineers paved the way for the modern hydrogen propulsion systems we see today.

How Hydrogen Rocket Engines Work

Fuel Combustion Process

Hydrogen rocket engines operate on the principle of combustion. Liquid hydrogen is combined with liquid oxygen in a combustion chamber, where it undergoes a controlled explosion. This rapid combustion generates intense heat and pressure, producing a powerful stream of hot gases.

Thrust Generation

The expulsion of these hot gases through a nozzle at the rear of the rocket creates thrust according to Newton's third law of motion. This thrust propels the rocket forward, overcoming the forces of gravity and atmospheric resistance.

Advantages of Hydrogen Rocket Engines

Hydrogen rocket engines offer several key advantages over conventional propulsion systems:

High Efficiency: Hydrogen boasts one of the highest specific impulse values among rocket propellants, making it extremely efficient in terms of thrust per unit of propellant mass.

Clean Combustion: The combustion of hydrogen with oxygen produces water vapor as a byproduct, resulting in cleaner emissions compared to traditional rocket fuels.

Abundant Resource: Hydrogen is abundant in the universe, making it a sustainable and readily available resource for space exploration endeavors.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite its many advantages, hydrogen rocket technology also faces significant challenges and limitations.

Cryogenic Storage

One of the primary challenges associated with hydrogen rocket engines is the need for cryogenic storage. Liquid hydrogen must be kept at extremely low temperatures to remain in a liquid state, requiring specialized storage and handling systems.

Cost and Infrastructure

The infrastructure required to produce, store, and transport liquid hydrogen adds to the overall cost of hydrogen rocket technology. Additionally, the development of hydrogen propulsion systems necessitates substantial investments in research and development.

Applications of Hydrogen Rocket Engines

Hydrogen rocket engines find a wide range of applications in space exploration and satellite deployment missions.

Space Exploration

Hydrogen-powered rockets enable spacecraft to travel vast distances across the solar system, facilitating missions to explore distant planets, moons, and celestial bodies.

Satellite Deployment

The high efficiency and reliability of hydrogen rocket engines make them ideal for launching satellites into orbit around the Earth and beyond.

Comparison with Traditional Rocket Engines

Compared to traditional rocket engines fueled by kerosene or solid propellants, hydrogen rocket engines offer superior performance and environmental benefits. They deliver higher specific impulse and produce cleaner emissions, contributing to a more sustainable approach to space exploration.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

The environmental impact of hydrogen rocket engines is relatively minimal compared to conventional propulsion systems. The use of hydrogen as a fuel results in cleaner combustion and reduced greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with efforts to mitigate the environmental footprint of space exploration activities.

Future Prospects and Developments

As technology advances and our understanding of hydrogen propulsion deepens, the future holds great promise for hydrogen rocket engines. Ongoing research and development efforts aim to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and overcome existing limitations, paving the way for new frontiers in space exploration.

Conclusion

Hydrogen rocket engines represent a cornerstone of modern space exploration, offering unparalleled efficiency, reliability, and environmental sustainability. While challenges remain, ongoing advancements in technology and infrastructure continue to expand the horizons of human spaceflight and scientific discovery.

FAQs

Are hydrogen rocket engines more powerful than traditional rocket engines? Hydrogen rocket engines typically offer higher specific impulse values, making them more efficient in terms of thrust per unit of propellant mass.

What are the main challenges associated with hydrogen rocket technology? Cryogenic storage and infrastructure costs are among the primary challenges facing hydrogen rocket technology.

What are the environmental benefits of hydrogen rocket engines? Hydrogen combustion produces cleaner emissions compared to traditional rocket fuels, contributing to reduced environmental impact.

What are the primary applications of hydrogen rocket engines? Hydrogen rocket engines are used in space exploration missions and satellite deployment operations.

What does the future hold for hydrogen rocket technology? Ongoing research and development efforts aim to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and expand the capabilities of hydrogen rocket engines.

[arolesbianism]

If you see me talking abt build plans that won't actually work keep your mouth shut I'm trying to fuck around and find out by myself over here

[nasa]

ALT: This video shows blades of grass moving in the wind on a beautiful day at NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans. In the background, we see the 212-foot-core stage for the powerful SLS (Space Launch System) rocket used for Artemis I. The camera ascends, revealing the core stage next to a shimmering body of water as technicians lead it towards NASA’s Pegasus barge. Credit: NASA

The SLS (Space Launch System) Core Stage by Numbers

Technicians with NASA and SLS core stage lead contractor Boeing, along with RS-25 engines lead contractor Aerojet Rocketdyne, an L3Harris Technologies company, are nearing a major milestone for the Artemis II mission. The SLS (Space Launch System) rocket’s core stage for Artemis II is fully assembled and will soon be shipped via barge from NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans to the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Once there, it will be prepped for stacking and launch activities.

Get to know the core stage – by the numbers.

Standing 212 feet tall and measuring 27.6 feet in diameter, the SLS core stage is the largest rocket stage NASA has ever built. Due to its size, the hardware must be shipped aboard NASA’s Pegasus barge.

900 miles

Once loaded, the barge – which was updated to accommodate the giant core stage -- will travel 900 miles to Florida across inland and ocean waterways. Once at Kennedy, teams with our Exploration Ground Systems team will complete checkouts for the core stage prior to stacking preparations.

18 Miles + 500 Sensors

As impressive as the core stage is on the outside, it’s also incredible on the inside. The “brains” of the rocket consist of three flight computers and special avionics systems that tell the rocket what to do. This is linked to 18 miles of cabling and more than 500 sensors and systems to help feed fuel and steer the four RS-25 engines.

8.8 million

Speaking of engines… Our SLS Moon rocket generates approximately 8.8 million pounds of thrust at launch. Two million pounds come from the four powerful RS-25 engines at the base of the core stage, while each of the two solid rocket boosters produces a maximum thrust of 3.6 million pounds. Together, the engines and boosters will help launch a crew of four Artemis astronauts inside NASA’s Orion spacecraft beyond Earth orbit to venture around the Moon.

733,000 Gallons

Achieving the powerful thrust required at launch calls for a large amount of fuel - 733,000 gallons, to be precise. The stage has two huge propellant tanks that hold the super-cooled liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that make the rocket “go.” A new liquid hydrogen storage sphere has recently been built at Kennedy, which can store 1.25 million gallons of liquid hydrogen.

Four

The number four doesn’t just apply to the RS-25 engines. It’s also the number of astronauts who will fly inside our Orion spacecraft atop our SLS rocket for the first crewed Artemis mission. When NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Christina Koch, and Victor Glover along with CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen launch, they will be the first astronauts returning to the Moon in more than 50 years.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

[todays-xkcd]

We're right under the flight path for the scheduled orbital launch, but don't worry--it's too cold out for the rockets to operate safely, so I'm sure they'll postpone.

Situation [Explained]

Transcript Under the Cut

[An airship flying, labeled:] Hydrogen-filled scout airship for iceberg spotting

[The airship is chained to a ship, going along a river, labeled:] Unsinkable ocean liner

[In the background on the coast a nuclear power plant, labeled:] Soviet-era nuclear reactor undergoing a turbine test

[The boat and airship are steering towards a bridge, labeled:] Bridge prone to aeroelastic flutter in high winds

[Two unlabeled icebergs are on the water on either side of the bridge.]

[Caption below the panel:] In retrospect, we should have noticed how nervous the situation was making the engineers.

[cleverwolfpoetry]

Psycho-pass Movie Novel Chapter 7 Complete

Note before reading: sentences in italics represent the character’s thoughts; sentences between square brackets are phone/radio conversations or the voice of dominators or other electronic devices.

1

Among Desmond’s mercenaries was Bun, a dark-skinned Thai with chiselled features. He wore a jet pack with wings and an engine on his back, allowing him to move by jet propulsion.

As a sniper, Bun needed to always move into a dominant position. To do this, he used a high-performance, hydrogen-powered jet pack. It was a hybrid version that also supported compact batteries, which could be replaced by cartridges.

With sniper Bun’s offensive, the raid went from stealthy to dynamic. Bun, who was flying, landed on the top of a hill overlooking the group of ancient ruins. He was carrying a huge sniper rifle, using the jet pack on his back as a rifle rack. A sighting system with magnified holographic display — to receive information from Yulia — and semi-automatic firing of 20 mm armour-piercing incendiary rounds.

After the dull sound of bullets piercing through the armour plates, the guerrilla’s technicals[1] exploded with a burst of flames.

The sniping signalled the start of a simultaneous attack.

Rutaganda broke into the base with surprising dash power, guiding two attack helicopter-type drones via brainwave control. Even if the opponents were poor guerrillas, the level of difficulty of the operation was completely different with or without air cover.

It’s not as if he had a semi-mechanised body for show. Rutaganda could run 100 metres in about six seconds and jump up to five metres at a time with a running start. He made the most of these physical abilities, using them to climb over the walls of the ruins and penetrate the depths of the base.

The mercenary soon spotted the guerrilla electronic warfare vehicles, which were loaded with modified ECM pods — a cutting-edge model used by the Japanese Border Defence System Air Force. These devices may have been removed from a fighter aircraft crashed for an incident or stolen — either way, the guerrillas would not have been able to handle such high-tech equipment without the tactical advisor in question. Nicholas’ government forces had suffered greatly as a result.

Guerrilla engineers and their guards had gathered around the vehicle to activate the ECMs. Rutaganda, holding a compact assault rifle, a carbine model, fired a short series of rapid shots. Bursts of fully automatic fire, separated by finger control. Two to three bullets were fired each time he pulled the trigger. By the time the magazine of 30 rounds was empty, there would be exactly 10 dead bodies.

The reinforced exoskeletons piloted by Weber and Babangida destroyed the barricade the guerrillas had built.

Machine guns and rocket launchers roared, blowing away guerrillas who had recognised the gunfire and jumped out of the way. Dozens of them were reduced to pieces of blood and flesh all at once.

[Bun, you too, over here.]  

Rutaganda radioed.

“Roger.”

Bun, in the middle of his sniping task, took flight with his jetpack strapped to his back. Looking down on the entire village from above, he continued to fire his sniper rifle, supported by his robotic arm.

A small number of guerrilla fighters took out RPG-29 anti-tank missiles, which would have destroyed the reinforced exoskeletons in a direct hit. But the soldier holding the RPGs became the target of Bun’s sniper fire. The incendiary armour-piercing rounds he was using not only penetrated the enemy but also set them on fire. They could shatter bodies or make huge holes in them and set people on fire.

2

Kougami and Tsunemori run through the base of the disoriented resistance forces. Shacks and arms depots were blown up by machine gun fire from the attack helicopter-type drones. The men of the resistance forces first allowed women, children and the elderly to take refuge in caves.

“This way of doing things is different from those we have dealt with before!” Kougami said in a loud voice.

“How is it different?” Tsunemori asked.

“They aren’t relying on drones. They’re highly trained special forces. I’ve got a bad feeling about this.”

The two of them emerged into the square of the ancient ruins complex. From there, a road led in several directions.

Sem raced towards them in a military jeep.

“Sem! The ECMs?”

“They’ve been blocked! The enemy got ahead of us!”

It was then that Kougami realised the situation. After careful reconnaissance, the enemy had launched a surprise attack. Those guys have more advanced equipment than the government forces. As close to the ‘Japanese army’ as possible — something the resistance forces had not expected.

“Sem, we’ll have her escape. Back me up.”

 “Kougami-san!?”

At Kougami’s words, Tsunemori’s eyes widened.

Sem gave a nod and got out of the jeep.

Kougami asked Tsunemori to get in instead.

“You need to leave without me.”

As he was saying this, Kougami was handed an assault rifle and a grenade launcher by another guerrilla.

The man, who had been on the verge of sleep earlier, was carrying only a revolver for self-defence.

“I’m not leaving alone!”

“Your criminal investigation may lead us to catch Han for his crimes. It’s an opportunity for us. Return to Shambala and continue your mission.”

“But…”

“Don’t worry. Do you think I would die so easily?”

As he said this, Kougami wore a smile on his manly face.

“If we both survive this, come and catch me again.”

“…sure!”            　

Sem handed Tsunemori an electromagnetic pulse grenade.

She took it, glanced back and got into the jeep.

Kougami started running with Sem.

After separating from Tsunemori, Sem took his motorbike. Kougami and Sem, riding fast together on the bike, headed for the vehicles with the ECM pods. First, the helicopter-type attack drones above them had to be eliminated, or they wouldn’t have been able to counterattack or retreat. Had they been able to activate ECM, they could have disrupted the enemy’s coordination through communication jamming[2], noise jamming[3] and deception jamming[4].

Instead, huge machine-gun rounds rained down on the two men as they moved. They were from Weber and Babangida’s powered suits. For the moment, they had no choice but to flee. Kougami, who was driving, tilted the motorbike and quickly changed direction with an accelerated turn. He tried to get as far away from the powered suits as possible. But as soon as he slowed down to change direction, Sem, who was riding behind him, jumped off.

“Go! Kougami.”

“Sem, come along!”

“I can’t abandon a friend!

“Tsk!” Kougami clicked his tongue — Stop, you’ll die.

Sem. You’re not the type to die here.

Kougami rode the motorbike, worried, and eventually braked in the middle. He got off the bike and prepared the grenade launcher.

He didn’t make it in time.

Along with other soldiers fighting back, Sem was hit by a machine gun shell. With one shot, most of his upper body disappeared. No need to check, it was instant death.

“Sem…!”

— Such a man eliminated so easily!

Kougami shook with anger and clenched his teeth.

This was no time for shock.

He aimed the grenade launcher at the powered suits — .

At that moment, a moving antenna like a ‘scorpion tail’ attacked. Despite its name, it was almost as strong as steel and had a sharp hook at the end. Unable to dodge it, he quickly blocked the hook with his weapon.

“Thwap!”[5]

The grenade launcher was destroyed by the scorpion tail.

Yulia, dressed in a stealth suit, appeared in front of Kougami with a knife at the ready.

— Why doesn’t this female mercenary shoot me, even though she has a gun?

Kougami wondered as he dodged the knife attack by striking her wrist with his palm heel. If she has a weapon, she wouldn’t normally try to fight in close combat.

Then he realised — Maybe the order was ‘Don’t kill the Japanese’.

Kougami jumped back and paused, trying to use his assault rifle, which hang from a sling, but Yulia broke in earlier. To push her away, he hit her with a front kick, stamping with the back of his foot.

The woman dodged his front kick and swung her knife in a half turn. Kougami dodged the attack by lowering his head and countered with a low turning kick. Yulia used her shin to parry the lower kick and promptly kicked backwards.

Kougami bent his upper body to avoid her powerful move, then held Yulia’s knife-holding arm with his left hand while delivering a single backfist with his right.

Yulia deflected it with her left forearm.

— She is no ordinary woman.

In terms of fistfights, it was rare for Kougami to find an opponent he couldn’t defeat with that number of moves.

(... Have the government forces spared no expense in hiring a group of top soldiers?!)

Kougami couldn’t hide his surprise that such a unit would be working on a freelance basis.

3

Bun repeatedly shot from above while flying with his jetpack.

He reported by radio.

“Target Delta sighted. Should I fire?”

Delta — the code name for Kougami Shinya.

[Wait] Rutaganda’s voice said from the receiver. [What about target Juliet?]

Juliet — Tsunemori Akane.

Tsunemori was sitting in the passenger seat of the military jeep driven by a middle-aged guerrilla. When the helicopter-type attack drones approached, she did not hesitate to use the electromagnetic pulse grenade. The explosion of the electromagnetic waves sent sparks flying from the drones. One crashed, but the another held on. Tsunemori moved to the rear of the jeep and unlocked the safety of the heavy machine gun mounted on the vehicle. The fusillade of 14.5 mm rounds blew off the second aircraft as well.

[She got me. She’s getting away.]

Rutaganda said.

“Juliet, do you want me to chase her... ?”

[No, it’s too late. Go after Delta instead. I’ll be right there.]

Bun detached his jetpack and landed directly in front of Kougami, joining Yulia in a two-on-one battle against the Japanese.

The Thai man fell from the sky, his face close to his shoulders, his jaw protected, a high stance. A Muay Thai[6] fighter, recognisable at a glance. The moment he touched down, he filled the gap and delivered a kick. A powerful kick — the Dtae Kan Core[7] (high kick), which is swung raising the pivot heel.

Kougami parried it with his forearm.

Matching the timing, the Russian woman delivered an oblique kick. Kougami blocked the kick with his shin and returned it with a jab.

Not only were they well equipped with high-tech gear; they were also well trained from head to toe. A Thai man and a Russian woman, a good combination.

He dodged the Russian’s knife and elbow-striked the Thai. The attack and defence continued without the slightest distraction.

It’s rather good, Kougami thought. I appreciate enemies who deliberately challenge me to a fight, no matter how tough they are. Now that I know the other side wants to catch me alive, I can take more risks. Once these two are defeated, I’ll have my way…

“Ugh” Kougami landed a front kick to the Russian woman’s stomach.

Hit in the gut, the woman was blown away.

The Thai then punched him to cover her. Reading the attack, Kougami grabbed the Thai's neck and elbow, locked him in a joint lock and threw him to the ground.

The Thai hit the Russian woman Kougami had just knocked out. The two were tangled together, exposing the back of their heads, completely vulnerable.

The next moment, Kougami lifted his leg — to trample them down and deliver the final blow.

“Tsk!”

A large man rushed in from the side with incredible speed.

Rutaganda also attacked Kougami.            

Yulia and Bun were two, and yet they were about to lose. He was secretly impressed and wondered if such an incredible man existed. That’s awesome!

— I LOVE GUYS LIKE YOU!

Bun, who had been thrown to the ground, was about to be kicked in the back of the head when Rutaganda intervened. Kougami had good instincts and jumped back quickly when he sensed the danger. Rutaganda kicked the ground and took another step forward.

Close combat.

After a quick punch with his human left hand — which he deliberately allowed Kougami to block — he unleashed his likely winning right hook. Rutaganda’s right arm was made of a special alloy. Kougami caught this right hook with his left arm.

Rutaganda blew him away with his entire guard.

“!”

With a deep groan, Kougami rolled to the ground.

Rutaganda went after him.

Kougami stood up and delivered a spinning kick in the style of capoeira.

At the critical moment, Rutaganda stopped the kick with his elbow.

(It was quite something to kick back from that position.)

Rutaganda grabbed Kougami’s wrist. It was difficult to take the joint. Kougami then shook off Rutaganda’s joint lock technique and turned it into an elbow joint. —  A mistake on Kougami’s part. He must have instinctively returned the joint lock to the opponent. Rutaganda’s right arm wasn’t that easy to break. Kougami’s movement stopped when he failed to overcome the special alloy prosthetic arm.

Rutaganda delivered a low kick with his left leg, which, like his right arm, was made of a special alloy.

The strong kick overturned Kougami.

Kougami hit the ground with his back. Finally, there was an opening.

Rutaganda grabbed Kougami’s neck with his right hand, then put his knee on Kougami’s stomach and started pressing.

“…You’re quite something.”

“If you let me live, you’ll regret it…!”

“Terrifying. Unfortunately, we have some important questions to ask you.”

Squeezing his carotid artery, Rutaganda easily knocked Kougami unconscious.

4

— The enemy’s pursuit seemed completely forgotten.

Having separated from the guerrilla soldier who had been her driver, Tsunemori was now driving the military jeep alone. She crossed the forest, running fast on the bad roads to the glittering Shambala Float.

“The gunfire has stopped…”

The fight was over.

Who won? In this situation, the result was obvious.

Tsunemori had a faint expectation that Kougami would go after her with an innocent air, but that seemed a little too optimistic.

— No matter what, Kougami Shinya is not the type to die in a place like that. Somehow, I can be sure of that. Of course, I can’t shake off the anxiety. There are no ‘absolutes’ in the field where lives are at stake. I just want to believe that he will be all right. To think that we were separated like that in Japan, reunited after so many years, and then immediately separated again in combat — .

“Kougami-san…”

She murmured involuntarily, as if praying.

NOTES TO TRANSLATION:

[1] Technical is a neologism for a non-standard tactical vehicle (NSTV) in United States military parlance, a light improvised fighting vehicle, typically an open-backed civilian pickup truck or four-wheel drive vehicle modified to mount small arms, light weapons  and heavy weaponry, such as a machine gun, automatic grenade launcher, anti-aircraft autocannon, rotary cannon, anti-tank weapon, anti-tank gun, anti-tank guided missiles, mortar, multiple rocket launcher, recoilless rifle, or other support weapon (somewhat like a light military gun truck or potentially even a self-propelled gun). (from Wikipedia)

[2] Communication jamming: An attack that attempts to interfere with the reception of broadcast communications.

[3] Noise jamming: It’s the simplest form of jamming that works by overwhelming the target radar with a large amount of noise, making it very difficult to find any actual radar returns within the cone of effect.

[4] Deception jamming: Deception jamming is an electronic warfare technique that aims to fool radars into believing that the target is in a different location than it really is, or that there are more targets than there really are.

[5] Thwap: a loud, heavy, slapping impact or the sound made by such an impact.

[6] Muay Thai: martial art also known as Thai boxing, characterised by stand-up striking, sweeps, and various clinching techniques.

[7] Dtae Kan Core: this muay thai move is also called high kick or kick to the neck. (from Thai Boxing Terms)

translation by cleverwolfpoetry @ https://cleverwolfpoetry.tumblr.com/

PLEASE, NO REPOSTS OUTSIDE OF TUMBLR.

[thegreenfreight]

You want to know somthing cool about the blue origin rocket that took Katie Perry, Gale king, Lauren Sanchez, Kerianne Flynn, Aisha Bowe and Amanda Nguyen into space?

It runs on a BE-3 combustion engine which is powered by burning liquid oxogen and liquid hydrogen!

Its carbon emissions are like none, there was some nitrogen oxides tho

[monkeyssalad-blog]

X-15 Launch from B-52 Mothership by NASA on The Commons Via Flickr: This photo illustrates how the X-15 rocket-powered aircraft was taken aloft under the wing of a B-52. Because of the large fuel consumption, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 ft and a speed of about 500 mph. This was one of the early powered flights using a pair of XLR-11 engines (until the XLR-99 became available). The X-15 was a rocket-powered aircraft 50 ft long with a wingspan of 22 ft. It was a missile-shaped vehicle with an unusual wedge-shaped vertical tail, thin stubby wings, and unique fairings that extended along the side of the fuselage. The X-15 weighed about 14,000 lb empty and approximately 34,000 lb at launch. The XLR-99 rocket engine, manufactured by Thiokol Chemical Corp., was pilot controlled and was capable of developing 57,000 lb of rated thrust (actual thrust reportedly climbed to 60,000 lb). North American Aviation built three X-15 aircraft for the program. The X-15 research aircraft was developed to provide in-flight information and data on aerodynamics, structures, flight controls, and the physiological aspects of high-speed, high-altitude flight. A follow-on program used the aircraft as a testbed to carry various scientific experiments beyond the Earth's atmosphere on a repeated basis. For flight in the dense air of the usable atmosphere, the X-15 used conventional aerodynamic controls such as rudder surfaces on the vertical stabilizers to control yaw and canted horizontal surfaces on the tail to control pitch when moving in synchronization or roll when moved differentially. For flight in the thin air outside of the appreciable Earth's atmosphere, the X-15 used a reaction control system. Hydrogen peroxide thrust rockets located on the nose of the aircraft provided pitch and yaw control. Those on the wings provided roll control. Because of the large fuel consumption, the X-15 was air launched from a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 ft and a speed of about 500 mph. Depending on the mission, the rocket engine provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 sec of flight. The remainder of the normal 10 to 11 min. flight was powerless and ended with a 200-mph glide landing. Generally, one of two types of X-15 flight profiles was used: a high-altitude flight plan that called for the pilot to maintain a steep rate of climb, or a speed profile that called for the pilot to push over and maintain a level altitude. The X-15 was flown over a period of nearly 10 years--June 1959 to Oct. 1968--and set the world's unofficial speed and altitude records of 4,520 mph (Mach 6.7) and 354,200 ft (over 67 mi) in a program to investigate all aspects of piloted hypersonic flight. Information gained from the highly successful X-15 program contributed to the development of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo manned spaceflight programs, and also the Space Shuttle program. The X-15s made a total of 199 flights and were manufactured by North American Aviation. X-15-1, serial number 56-6670, is now located at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington DC. NASA Media Usage Guidelines Credit: NASA Image Number: E-4942 Date: 1959

[beauty-funny-trippy]

⠀ There's a new contender for your holiday fireplace video. This one comes from NASA, and features rocket engines to light up your days with holiday cheer. Say goodbye to the crackling logs in fireplace videos of Christmas past. Instead, we can gaze contentedly as the Space Launch System's four RS-25 engines and pair of boosters light up our video hearths. Enjoy the warm glow of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as their combustion casts a calming, flickering glow. Thrill to the intense white-hot gases from the solid boosters as their aluminum powder and ammonium perchlorate oxidizer, bound together by polybutadiene acrylonitrile, is set ablaze. Yeah, there's nothing quite like good old polybutadiene acrylonitrile to get you into that special warm and cozy holiday spirit! (NASA created this 8-hour-long looping video from the Nov 2022 launch of Artemis 1 to the Moon. Link to fireplace video here.)

[usafphantom2]

3 October 1967. North American Aviation X-15A-2 56-6671 after release from the Boeing NB-52B Stratofortress 52-008, Balls 8, over Mud Lake, Nevada. The steam trail is hydrogen peroxide used to power the rocket engine turbopump.

@ron_eisele via X

[lonestarflight]

Comparison between the enlarged VentureStar and the X-33.

"This artist's rendering depicts the NASA/Lockheed Martin X-33 technology demonstrator alongside the Venturestar, a Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV). The X-33, a half-scale prototype for the Venturestar, is scheduled to be flight tested in 1999. NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, plays a key role in the development and flight testing of the X-33. The RLV technology program is a cooperative agreement between NASA and industry. The goal of the RLV technology program is to enable signifigant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that will improve U.S. economic competitiveness. NASA Headquarter's Office of Space Access and Technology is overseeing the RLV program, which is being managed by the RLV Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, located in Huntsville, Alabama. The X-33 was a wedged-shaped subscale technology demonstrator prototype of a potential future Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) that Lockheed Martin had dubbed VentureStar. The company had hoped to develop VentureStar early this century. Through demonstration flight and ground research, NASA's X-33 program was to provide the information needed for industry representatives such as Lockheed Martin to decide whether to proceed with the development of a full-scale, commercial RLV program. A full-scale, single-stage-to-orbit RLV was to dramatically increase reliability and lower costs of putting a pound of payload into space, from the current figure of $10,000 to $1,000. Reducing the cost associated with transporting payloads in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by using a commercial RLV was to create new opportunities for space access and significantly improve U.S. economic competitiveness in the world-wide launch marketplace. NASA expected to be a customer, not the operator, of the commercial RLV. The X-33 design was based on a lifting body shape with two revolutionary 'linear aerospike' rocket engines and a rugged metallic thermal protection system. The vehicle also had lightweight components and fuel tanks built to conform to the vehicle's outer shape. Time between X-33 flights was normally to have been seven days, but the program had hoped to demonstrate a two-day turnaround between flights during the flight-test phase of the program. The X-33 was to have been an unpiloted vehicle that took off vertically like a rocket and landed horizontally like an airplane. It was to have reached altitudes of up to 50 miles and high hypersonic speeds. The X-33 program was managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center and was to have been launched at a special launch site on Edwards Air Force Base. Due to technical problems with the liquid hydrogen tank, and the resulting cost increase and time delay, the X-33 program was cancelled in February 2001."

Date: September 23, 1999

source

NASA Identifier: NIX-ED97-43929, ED97-43938-1

[kfkr1ze]

[002–A23] AUGUST SKY

Summary — ✈︎ The day before the summer festival, Akuta and Muneuji hear a sound coming from the egg. When they realize it was morse code, they decode the message. It says…

Characters— ✈︎ Akuta, Muneuji, Ushio, Nanaki, Kiroku

ーーAt dusk, the day before the festivalーー

(Egg tapping)

Akuta: Well?

There's something tapping inside right? Can you hear it?

Location: Otomari Chuuzaemon Inn in Shodoshima

Akuta: This sound… It’s kinda like the one you hear in those war movies, right? Umm, the one that goes ton ton tsu tsu… [1]

Muneuji: Are you talking about morse code?

Akuta: Yes, that thing!！

Muneuji: Let me try to decode it.

Akuta: EH?! You know how to?! 

Muneuji: My father taught me how. I have a small interest in amateur radio. I’m decent at tap code encrypted messages.

Akuta: That’s so damn cool!! What are you waiting around for!? What kinda crazy message is coming from the aliens!?

Muneuji: ………

“MAKE, A, WISH” …That’s what it said.

Akuta: Wooow… I knew it…

Location: Bus Stop in Shodoshima

Akuta: … Zzz… Snore snore……

Muneuji: Isotake. Wake up.

Akuta: ……Unm…… Huh!?

Fuck, I fell asleep! Right at the bus stop too! Ughh my body hurts! You shoulda woke me up sooner!

Muneuji: Please forgive me, I was caught up in decoding the messages. 

ーーThen, I’ll get straight to the point and tell you. The plan I agreed on with the egg.

Akuta: Yes, Captain Kaguya!

Muneuji: I told the egg that our ultimate goal was to make the summer festival a success. It gave me a reply.

It said, if we make a simple rocket and launch it with the egg attached, it will “consume” all the rain clouds.

Akuta: Consume… Wait, like it’s gonna eat all the clouds!?

Muneuji: I’m not too sure how literally that is supposed to be taken just yet, but that is exactly what the egg has promised to do. Please look at this.

Akuta: This is… A map of Shodoshima! Right?

Muneuji: According to the egg, the rain clouds in Shodoshima are at an altitude of about 2500-3000m.

Last year, I personally broke the previous record held for the longest distance a student could launch a plastic bottle rocket, which was around 1110m.

Akuta: With just a plastic bottle?! That’s so cool, Muneuji! I mean, Captain!

Muneuji: However, that is around 1400m shorter than the minimum height of 2500m. So, the egg requested that Hoshigayouyama, the mountain with the highest peak in Shodoshima, be used as the launch point. That would be right here.

Akuta: Would that be high enough!?

Muneuji: Hoshigayouyama has an altitude of 817m.

Akuta: So that means that…!? Um??

Muneuji: Even if we shot the rocket at the peak, it’s still 583m short. When you consider things like wind speeds and gravity, it’s even worse.

Akuta: Hmhm…… 

Muneuji: So? 

ーーWill you give up, Leader?

Akuta: !

Muneuji: Your decision?

Akuta: …Tell me what materials we need to make the plastic bottle rocket! I’ll gather them! About the rest… I’ll get to it when we come to it!

Muneuji: Understood!

Location: Beach in Shodoshima

Akuta: Muneuji〜! I borrowed a cart from some guy in the neighborhood!

Muneuji: Thank you. Let’s take the rocket to the top of the mountain now.

Akuta: I just saw Kari-sen’s[2] car heading to the venue, but Nanaki and Ushio both looked like their world was collapsing… We need to hurry up and launch this thing!

So, how’s the assembly going!?

Muneuji: Acquiring fuel rods was proving to be extremely difficult, but the egg suggested that we can use these as a substitute. 

Akuta: What are those?

Muneuji: They’re pieces of the egg. It gave me permission to do so, so I took some of the shell that was cracking off where the legs are. 

It’s hard to believe, but when you pour NaHCO3… In other words, baking soda, the egg transforms into a crystal-like shape that resembles hydrogen fuel. Thus, it will generate an explosive energy that rivals that of a hydrogen engine.

Akuta: S-Seriously!?

Muneuji: In addition to these, when the rocket reaches its highest point, the egg can use the rocket as a springboard to jump and gain some more altitude.

I thought the process was similar to the way multistage rockets were used to launch satellites into space, so I discussed that with the egg as well.

Akuta: Alright! Good job, Captain!

Location: Hoshigayouyama in Shodoshima

Muneuji: Hah… Hah… The rain is falling down now…

Akuta: Gh… It’s fine, we just gotta… grab the cart and… climb the mountain〜

Muneuji: Uwah!!

Akuta: Are you okay!!? You should… rest for a bit, Captain!! I’ll… definitely get this… to the top…! Hah… Hah…

Muneuji: Will it really be fine to launch it like this…? We still don’t know if it’s high enough… I mean, we don’t even know how well the fragments from egg do as a fuel source…

Akuta: … Hah… hah… We got no choice but to believe in it.

Right now, I’m just thinking… about what to do… after we launch it…! But y’know, before you get a happy ending, you always gotta try everything you can possibly do… until you can’t do anything else!

Muneuji: …Isotake.

Akuta: ! Are you done resting now?

Muneuji: Let’s go, to the top…!

Location: Hoshigayouyama’s Summit in Shodoshima

Akuta: “10 seconds left until launch off～!”

Location: Tomioka Hachiman Shrine in Shodoshima

Akuta: “10!”

“9!”

“8…”

“I know I’m in the middle of a countdown right now, but I wanted to say a few things! ーーI’m sorry, Sensei. 7.”

“If this ends up being a bust, I still don’t think it was pointless. I can just use that as a springboard for what I can do next.”

“To spend my time making good memories… or whatever you said. I don’t think that’s the case. Ah, 6.”

“I think there’s an overwhelming, unseen, almost fate-like power out there that can make any failure seem worth it. I feel like I’m the only one who can see it, but I think it’s the most amazing thing in the worldーー”

Kiroku: ………

Akuta: “I want there to be people out there who look at what I’m passionate about, see every single thing I’m obsessed with, and say “Ah, this guy is the best”…!”

“When there are people like that who praise me, especially when there’s a lotta them too��ー That’s when I can start saying that this summer was “for me” right!!!!”

Ushio: ………

Nanaki: Akuta… This guy isn’t saying the right things at all…

Location: Hoshigayouyama’s Summit in Shodoshima

Akuta: Well, time to get back to the countdownーー

Muneuji: We’re already at 1! It’s one!

Akuta: It’s at 1! Ignition!

Muneuji: Lift off!

Kaede: (The rain is just getting heavier… Will we be able to get the device there in time? If only we didn’t give up so quickly and did this sooner…)

Ugh, are you kidding?! The moment I needed it most, literally every traffic light I hit turns red.

(? Everyone outside is looking up and pointing at something… Huh? There’s something flying in the skyーー)

Tourist A: Ehh, what is that!? Did you see that just now!?

Tourist B: It looks like the thing that shot up took everything in the sky andーー

Elderly Man A: ……Eh……?

Everyone: EHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH～～～!?

Akuta: “WOOOOOOOOWWWWW!!! THAT WAS SO FUCKING COOL!! LIKE WASN’T SERIOUSLY AWESOMEEE～～!?

Nanaki: Wait no, you’re not the one that’s supposed to be surprised!

Kiroku: …………

Ushio: What the hell, is this real? Should this even be possible?

That Idiotake does whatever he wants how he wants it. He just gets riled up all by himself.

He should really take us into consideration, since we’re the ones that have to clean up after him in the endーー But, well…

I do think thatーー This sunset is really pretty, though.

Previous — ✈︎ Masterlist — ✈︎ Next

Notes — ✈︎

Morse code goes ・ー・ー yk yk. Except I literally have no idea how to say them in English?? I know in Japanese, the short ones are ton and the long ones are tsu so I kept it like that 

“Kari-sen” -> Karigane-Sensei (Sakujiro)

[mysticstronomy]

HOW CLOSE ARE WE TO SPACE COLONIZATION??

Blog#342

Saturday, October 21st, 2023

Welcome back,

There's a huge difference between sending humans to Mars and colonizing worlds outside our solar system.

The answers to these questions depend heavily on which planet you're talking about. For Mars, decades isn't necessarily an unrealistic time frame. Serkan Saydam, deputy director of the Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research and a professor at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, said human colonization of Mars is possible within decades.

"I believe by 2050 we will have a human colony on Mars," Saydam told Live Science.

Saydam is a mining engineer who specializes in researching future mining. The first major step in establishing a successful Mars colony will be water, and that can be extracted from ice and/or hydrated minerals, according to Saydam. He thinks water will then facilitate agriculture and the ability to grow food on Mars, like in the 2015 movie "The Martian," while hydrogen from the ice and minerals could also be used as an energy source for rocket propellant.

But there isn't a scientific consensus on Mars colonization by 2050, and other scientists have offered less optimistic opinions. Louis Friedman, an astronautics engineer and co-founder of the nonprofit The Planetary Society, suggested to Gizmodo in 2019 that Mars colonization was unlikely for the foreseeable future, while Rachael Seidler, a neuroscientist at the University of Florida who has worked with NASA astronauts, told Gizmodo that people like to be optimistic about colonizing Mars, but it sounded "a bit pie-in-the-sky."

Humanity will, however, likely reach Mars within decades. China plans to start sending human crews to Mars in 2033, while NASA aims to send astronauts there by the late 2030s or early 2040s. Once humans get there, the next step could be to build a colony.

Colonization implies some degree of self-sufficiency but not necessarily complete independence from Earth. Saydam compares Mars with a remote island where you'd still need to import things occasionally.

"Most of the equipment and tools will be sent from Earth," Saydam said. "I don't think you can manufacture a truck on the Mars surface."

Mars would need to produce something for a long-term colony to be financially viable. Space tourism is one option, but Saydam pointed to mineral extraction as key to colonization success.

For example, space mining on nearby asteroids for valuable materials such as platinum could create new space economies, thereby driving further investment and exploration.

Originally published on livescience.com

COMING UP!!

(Wednesday, October 25th, 2023)

"CAN WE HARNESS THE FULL ENERGY OF THE SUN??"

[rocket-enjoyer]

The "Lucifer" mech design, which by now has been modified to so many versions it's nigh-impossible to keep track of, was likely originally designed in the SVPR to fight against the anti-SVPR rebellion. The original design has been lost, but its general features been preserved for several centuries through derivative designs and upgrade packages. The main recognizable feature on all of them is the huge nozzle sticking out of the right arm.

Lucifer is practically a giant weaponized chemical rocket engine. A complicated mess of turbopumps injects oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen and iron to a combustion chamber in the right arm from where it is directed to a long nozzle firing a mix of horrible poisonous chemicals at temperatures hot enough to start boiling tungsten. It is objectively a miracle of engineering but it is also a machine made for murder. Were this horrible thing ever to be used somewhere other than Venus, it would be considered a crime against humanity.

And indeed they take all the strategic use they can get out of this thing. The more mobile versions, typically equipped with a rocket engine to send themselves flying wherever they need to, are designed to break into big habitats and murder everyone inside.