the celtic gods
please note that sometimes history gets blended with stories created by neopagan groups, and it's above my pay grade to know what is what
the creation myth of the irish is pretty much lost to time, but as far as I can piece together where the land and the sea met, a horse named Eioch emerged from sea foam. nearby a hearty tree grew which Eioch fed upon, and this tree may have been Cerunnos (not many sources exist to corroborate this). jealous of the giants (who created the earth) that were many in number, Cerunnos and Eioch procreated to create the gods
CERUNNOS: irish god of nature, life, and fertility. associated with horned animals
the clan of Tuatha De Danann
DANU/ANU/ANANN: the matriarch of Tuatha de Danann (literally meaning "the people of the goddess Danu"), she is the irish goddess of regeneration, wisdom (since the Tuatha de Danann themselves were crafty), and sovereignty
THE DAGDA: son of Elatha (a Fomorian king) and possibly Ethniu, a triple god and one chief of Tuatha de Danann, god of life and death, the seasons, magic, and agriculture
BRIGID: daughter of Dagd, irish goddess of healing, fire/metalworking, and poetry
AENGUS/OENGUS: son of Dagd, irish god of love, beauty, summer, youth, and inspiration
MIDIR: son of the Dagd, although his name may mean "judge," some stories say he crafted the rivers and lakes
ERNMAS: her name refers to death by weapons
THE MORRIGAN: daughter of Ernmas, a triple goddess and the other chief of Tuatha de Danann, irish goddess of war, death, prophecy and ravens. her aspects are often considered Badb, Macha, and Nemain/Anand/Eea
ERIU: sometimes considered a daughter of Ernmas, goddess of Ireland (Ireland is derived from her name) and sovereignty
BRES: son of Eriu and Elatha (of the Fomorians), he was an unpopular king of Tuatha de Danann since he often gave preferential treatment to the Fomorians
BANBA: sometimes considered a daughter of Ernmas, goddess of Ireland
FODLA: sometimes considered a daughter of Ernmas, goddess of Ireland
LUGH/LUGUS: son of Ethniu (of the Fomorians) and Cian (of Tuatha de Danann), irish god of nobility, warriors, crafts, oaths, justice and sometimes light or the sun. he kills Balor at the battle of Mag Tuired
NUADA: the first king of Tuatha de Danann, irish god of fairness, justice, and honesty
OGMA: son of Elatha (of the Fomorians), irish god of language, eloquence, and learning
DIAN CECHT: irish god of healing and medicine, Tuatha de Danann's healer. father of Cian and grandfather of Lugh
GOIBNIU: irish god of craft, metalsmith for the Tuatha de Danann
the clan of the Fomorians, who fought to take over Ireland,
DOMNU: irish goddess of the abyss, or deep sea. patron goddess of the Fomorians
INDECH: irish son of Domnu, sometimes king of the Fomorians, other times just a warrior
BALOR: a giant cyclops that is usually considered the chief of the Fomorians. it is his death, at the hands of his grandson Lugh, that creates a time of peace and prosperity in Ireland
CAITLIN/CETHLENN: wife of Balor, a prophet
ELATHA/EALADHA: a king of the Fomorians, son of Balor and Caitlin, perhaps a god of the sun
ETHNIU: daughter of Balor and by some sources, irish goddess of the North Star
gods associated with the underworld,
ARAWN: welsh god of hunting, magic, and lord of the Annwn (afterlife). represents honor and fairness
CERRIDWEN: welsh goddess of the underworld, a shapeshifting witch and prophet
MANANNAN/MANAWYDAN: welsh god of the sea and guardian of the underworld
and the rest,
MATH AP MATHONWY: brother of Don, god of magic, sorcery and enchantment. created Blodeuwedd for a man, and turned her into an owl when she became unfaithful
BELI: welsh god of fire, death, and darkness
DON: welsh equivalent of Danu, the mother goddess. there is another welsh god by this name who is considered the god of the dead
GOVANNON: son of Beli and Don, welsh god of blacksmithing and crafts
GILVAETHWY: son of Beli and Don, god of agriculture and ploughing
GWYDYON: son of Beli and Don, welsh god of war, magic, illusion, poetry, and music
AMATHON: son of Beli and Don, welsh god of agriculture
NUDD/LLUDD: son of Beli and Don, welsh god of healing
GWYNN AP NUDD: son of Nudd, king of the fair folk, associated with the Annwn
CREIDDYLAD/CORDELIA: daughter of Lludd, welsh goddess of flowers and desire
ARIANRHOD: virgin goddess of the moon, reincarnation, the sky, and fertility. tricked into jumping over the magic wand of Math, which made her give birth to Dylan and Lleu. she refused to claim Lleu as her son and laid three curses upon him
DYLAN: welsh god of the sea and waves
LLEU: welsh hero, often attributed the same powers as Gwydion
AERON: welsh god of battle, slaughter, and fate
LLYR: welsh equivalent of Lir, god of the sea
MANAWYDDAN: son of Llyr, welsh god of the sea
BRAN: son of Llyr, welsh god of prophecy, war, and kingship
BRANWEN: daughter of Llyr, welsh goddess of love, beauty, and marriage
MODRON/MATRONA: mother of Mabon, welsh goddess of motherhood
MABON: welsh god of eternal youth, hunting, love, and the autumnal equinox
TALIESIN: welsh god of bards and poetry/music
MERLIN/MYRRDIN: welsh god of magic, gifted with prophecy and wisdom
RHIANNON: welsh equivalent of Epona, goddess of horses, motherhood, and strength
PRYDERI: son of Pwyll and Rhiannon, hero who's story is told in the Mabinogi
BLODEUWEDD: welsh goddess of flowers and emotions, protector of women
AINS/AINE: irish goddess of summer, fertility, and crops, Queen of the Faeries
EPONA: gaelic goddess of horses and fertility
BORVO/BORMO: gaelic god of hot springs
BELENUS: irish god of the sun, fire, healing, and fertility. celebrated during Beltainne
CAILLEACH/SCOTIA: irish goddess of the winds and winter, patron of animals
DRUANTIA: gaelic goddess of trees, fertility and passion, seen as Queen of the Druids
ESUS/AISUS: gaelic god of vegetation
FAND: irish goddess of the sea
FIONN MAC CUMHAILL: irish god of the woodlands, leader of the Fianna hunters
MAEVE/MEDB: irish goddess of sovereignty, intoxication, seduction
SCATHACH SCATA: irish warrior goddess, teacher, prophet, and sorceress
SUCELLOS: gaelic god of good fortune, wine, an agriculture, equivalent to the Dagd
TAILTIU: irish goddess of the earth, vigor, strength, and endurance. foster mother of Lugh
TARANIS: gaelic god of thunder and storms, associated with wheels
TEUTATES/ALBORIX/CATURIX: gaelic god of the tribe, protector of the people
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Tochmarc Étaíne
Tochmarc Étaíne ('The Wooing of Étaín')is a story from the Irish Mythological Cycle. The two main sources for the text is the Lebor na hUidre ('Book of the Dun Cow'), which dates as far back as 1106 and the Yellow Book of Lecan, from circa 1401. The full text can be split into 3 sections which tell the story of Étaín. It's very confusing for me, who knows little of Celtic or Irish mythology, because it features characters who are famous from other myths, but I'll do my best to summarize it.
It's a tale of accidental incest between a father and his daughter, in which they are tricked into sleeping together by the magical race of the Tuatha Dé Danann.
I'll be using the translation by Jeffrey Gantz in the book Early Irish Myths and Sagas from 1981.
The story starts with the birth of Oengus (also known as Aengus) who honestly doesn't concerns us very much. The only important thing about him is that he has to win Étaín's hand from her father Ailill. Not for himself, mind you, but for his foster-father Mider. For a year Étaín and Mider live together in Oengus's lands, but eventually comes the time for them to return to Mider's own lands. Once they arrive, Mider's first wife, Fúamnach, becomes enraged that has husband has remarried and lived away from her for a full year and transforms Étaín in a pool of water. After the water evaporates, a giant scarlet fly appears in it's place. All this people are Tuatha Dé Danann, which are kinda of gods or maybe sidhe (fairies), I'm not really sure.
Mider recognizes the fly as being Étaín and travels with it, never taking another wife. Fúamnach is not yet pleased with this and conjures a storm to blow Étaín away. For seven years she drifts in the wind, before finally landing at Oengus' castle, where he takes care of her. Fúamnach is still having none of it and once again conjures a storm to carry Étaín away. For another seven years she is dragged by the wind, until she lands in the of Étar's wife. The woman swallows the fly and becomes pregnant with Étaín. Born again, Étaín is re-raised by Étar.
Echu (or Eochu) Airem is the High King of Ireland and he seeks a wife. He chooses Étaín, for she's the most beautiful woman of all. However, Echo Airem has a brother, Ailill Angubae (no relation to Étaín's father Ailill), who also falls in love with Étaín. His love for Étaín is so great that he falls ill for not being able to consummate it. While Angubae is in his deathbed, Airem goes on trip, leaving Étaín alone with his brother. Angubae confesses his feelings, which Étaín reciprocates, and they agree to meet in the middle of the night in a hill. Three times she goes there, but instead of Angubae, she finds Mider. After the third time, Mider explains to her that he is her husband and that they had been kept apart by Fúamnach sorcery. She agrees to go with him, but only if Airem allows it.
Airem returns from his trip and is visited my Mider, who challenges him a game of fidchell, which seems to a board game. Day after day, the two play the game and the stakes keep rising, until Mider says that, if he wins, he wants a kiss and a embrace from Étaín. Mider wins and takes his prize, hugging Étaín and causing the two transform into swans, now able fly away from Airem.
Airem isn't happy with this and has this servants search for Étaín in every síd (a fairy-mound, where the Tuatha Dé Danann live) in Ireland. They find Mider, who agrees to let Airem take back Étaín if he can identify her among fifty woman. Airem picks the woman he believes to be Étaín.
Time passes and Mider comes to visit once again and reveals the truth: the real Étaín is with him and Airem has his own daughter.
"Your wife was pregnant when I took her from you, and she bore a daughter, and it is that daughter who is with you now. Your wife is with me, and you have let her go a second time."
The 1147 book called An Banshenchas, which is basically a list of important woman in folklore, named this daughter as Esa.
"Etain was wife of Eochu Aireman. Esa was her daughter, evil were her rites. Her name is given to a lofty spot, allied by her crimes to pollution. Mes Buachalla was Esa's daughter."
The phase "evil were her rites", which accompanies Esa, is a reference to the incestuous union with her father. Although I would hardly call it "evil" especially because we have no idea if Esa even knew who Airem was. Maybe she was raised believing herself to be Mider''s daughter.
Airem becomes disgusted that he slept with his own daughter and, more over, has gotten Esa pregnant.
"He was distressed that his wife had escaped and that he had slept with his own daughter: his daughter, moreover, became pregnant and bore a daughter."
Trying to hide this, Airem has the child of the incestuous union taken away to be eaten by wolves, but she is found and raised by Findlám, a herdsman. This child grows up and is eventually married to the new High King, Eterscélae (he replaced Airem on the throne, but it's not a dynasty thing, he's not related to Airem at all). This marriage results in the birth of Conare (or Conaire), about whom many other legends were written.
The Conare legends, the Togail Bruidne Dá Derga, name his mom Mess Búachalla, daughter of Étaín and Echu Feidlech, Airem's other brother. Like most ancient stories, there are simple too many inconsistentes because they were told and retold many times. However, I'll summarize as: Étaín and Airem birth Esa. Esa and Airem incestuous union result in the birth Mess Búachalla. Mess Búachalla and Eterscélae birth Conare.
I wish we knew what happened with Airem and Esa. The story doesn't mentions their fates, or Étaín's and Midir. Maybe other texts does. Either way, this story can let us glimpse at what the ancient Irish thought of incest, since Airem is so ashamed of what he did that he leaves the proof of the union to die. Not only that, but the incest is framed as a punishment by Mider for Airem's destruction of the síds.
It kinda has Oedipus Rex vibes to it, the acidental incest resulting in tragedy and all that. Which reminds me I've never covered Oedipus... maybe I should
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Hi Pia! Just wanted to say that I love all of Efs, I love of all Garys, I love all of Temsens, I love all of Nates, I love all of Januszs, I love all of Augussssss, I love all of Gwyns, I love all of Mosks, I love all of Aloisssss, I love all of Antons, I love all of the Raven Princes, I love all of Ashs, I love Arden, I love Kadek, I love Mika, I love Gancanagh, I love Biani, I love Faber, I love Kimerrin, I love Nain Rogue, I love Gulvi, I love Fenwrel, I love Ondine, I love Julvia, I love Oengus, I love Kabiri, I love Caleb (after eyes opening), I love Kenneth, I love Udir, I love Eran, I love Matan, I love Red, I love Kaulo, I love Damilola, I love Vicki, I love James, I love Frank, I love Sasha, I love Mikkel, I love Isabelle, I love Polly, I love Iris, I love Leo, I love UtB Gary's mother, I love all of Enrissssss and I am sure I am forgetting many of them, but you got me :D
(cont.) Hi! I am anon with all the love for a lot of your characters and I just realised that I didn't say full Efnisien's name, and now I'm angry at myself. So! I love all the Efnisiens!
(No but seriously this made me smile so much)
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