#Water storage and Distribution system

[swjalprocess]

Advanced Water Treatment Systems for the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries: Ensuring High-Purity Solutions

Water is a critical resource in pharmaceutical and biotech industries, as it is essential for drug manufacturing, research, and various laboratory applications. Due to the stringent quality requirements, these industries rely on sophisticated water treatment systems to produce high-purity water free of contaminants and impurities. This article delves into the key components and technologies involved in water treatment systems, focusing on their significance in pharmaceutical and biotech sectors.

1. Pre-Treatment Systems

Pre-treatment is the foundation of an effective water treatment system. The process involves the removal of suspended solids, organics, chlorine, and other contaminants from feed water before it enters more complex purification stages. Technologies such as multimedia filtration, activated carbon filtration, and softening are commonly used. Pre-treatment ensures that downstream systems, such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, operate efficiently and have an extended lifespan, reducing maintenance costs.

2. Purified Water Systems

Purified water is essential for pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, and water systems must meet rigorous purity standards set by pharmacopeia regulations like USP, EP, and JP. Purified water systems typically utilize reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodeionization (EDI) to remove ions, dissolved organics, and other impurities. RO-EDI systems are a vital component of purified water systems in pharmaceutical and biotech industries, providing consistent water quality for applications such as formulation, rinsing, and cleaning.

3. RO – EDI Systems

Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems, combined with Electrodeionization (EDI), offer a highly efficient solution for producing ultrapure water. RO systems remove a broad range of contaminants, including bacteria, dissolved salts, and particulates. EDI further polishes the water by using electricity to eliminate residual ions, ensuring that water meets the strictest standards. These systems are particularly valued for their reliability and low operational costs, making them indispensable for pharmaceutical and biotech facilities.

4. Water for Injection (WFI) Systems

Water for Injection (WFI) is the highest-grade water used in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly in the production of injectable drugs. WFI systems must comply with stringent pharmacopeia standards, ensuring that the water is free from pyrogens, bacteria, and endotoxins. WFI systems typically utilize multiple technologies, including RO, distillation, and ultrafiltration, to meet these requirements. The quality and consistency of WFI are critical for the safety and efficacy of injectable products.

5. Ultrafiltration Water Systems

Ultrafiltration (UF) systems are a key component in ensuring the removal of colloidal particles, bacteria, and viruses from water, which is crucial for industries requiring high microbiological purity. UF systems operate by forcing water through a membrane that retains unwanted particles while allowing pure water to pass through. These systems are often used as a pre-treatment for RO or as a standalone solution for certain high-purity applications.

6. Pure Steam Generation

Pure Steam Generation systems play a critical role in sterilization processes in pharmaceutical and biotech industries. Pure steam is used to sterilize equipment, piping, and vessels. The quality of steam must meet stringent regulatory standards to ensure the sterility of manufacturing processes and the integrity of final products. Pure steam generators typically use high-purity water, such as that produced by WFI systems, to generate steam that is free from contaminants.

7. Mix-Bed Plant

A Mix-Bed Plant is an advanced water treatment technology used for final polishing of water after RO-EDI treatment. It combines cation and anion exchange resins to remove the remaining ionic impurities, achieving the highest levels of water purity. Mix-Besd Plant systems are particularly valuable in industries requiring ultrapure water for sensitive processes, such as the production of biopharmaceuticals.

8. Storage and Distribution Systems

Proper Storage and Distribution Systems are essential for maintaining the purity of water after it has been treated. These systems must be designed to prevent contamination and maintain water quality by minimizing microbial growth and biofilm formation. Advanced systems often incorporate features like sanitary piping, automated controls, and regular sterilization processes to ensure consistent water quality. In pharmaceutical and biotech industries, the water storage and distribution system is often integrated with real-time monitoring for compliance with regulatory standards.

9. DM Water Plant

A Demineralisation (DM) Water Plant is another essential system used in pharmaceutical and biotech industries. DM plants utilize ion exchange resins to remove dissolved ions from water, producing demineralized water that is free from minerals like calcium, magnesium, and sodium. DM water is often used in applications such as cooling, cleaning, and as feed water for further purification processes, including RO and EDI systems.

10. Chemical Dosing System

A Chemical Dosing System is used to introduce precise amounts of chemicals into the water treatment process to control pH, prevent scaling, and eliminate microbial contamination. In pharmaceutical and biotech applications, chemical dosing systems are often integrated with real-time monitoring to ensure that chemical levels remain within specified limits, safeguarding the integrity of both the water treatment system and the final product.

11. Bio-Kill Systems

Bio-Kill Systems are designed to eradicate microbial contamination in water systems. These systems utilize techniques like UV radiation, ozone, or chemical dosing to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms. In pharmaceutical and biotech industries, where microbial contamination can compromise product safety, Bio-Kill systems are indispensable in maintaining high-purity water systems.

Conclusion

Water treatment systems are integral to the success of pharmaceutical and biotech industries. From pre-treatment to advanced purification technologies like RO-EDI, Ultrafiltration, and WFI systems, every step ensures that water meets the highest standards of purity required for drug production and research. The integration of sophisticated storage, distribution, and microbial control systems further ensures that water quality is maintained throughout the entire process. For pharmaceutical and biotech companies, investing in high-quality water treatment systems is not just a regulatory necessity but also a critical factor in ensuring product safety and efficacy.

SWJAL PROCESS Pvt. Ltd. is a leading provider of advanced water treatment systems, specializing in solutions tailored to meet the exacting demands of pharmaceutical and biotech industries.

[fiorentinaenergyandtechnologies]

Best Oil & Gas Equipment Supplier in Dubai

Looking for the Best Oil & Gas Equipment Supplier in Dubai? Fiorentina Trading FZC offers premium oilfield equipment, including valves, pumps, drilling tools, and safety systems. With years of industry expertise and a strong commitment to quality, we proudly serve Dubai and the UAE energy sector. Discover reliable solutions trusted by professionals across the region.

[probablyasocialecologist]

Humans are often inclined to build seawalls to protect coastal communities from encroaching oceans, but those require constant, expensive maintenance. And in fact, the way we’re changing land, rivers, and climate—and even the seawalls themselves—are undermining natural protections, such as tidal marshes, barrier islands, coral reefs, seagrass beds, dunes, gravel beaches, and kelp and mangrove forests. If left intact, these natural communities can slow fresh and tidal water, acting as a buffer, providing flexible and resilient protection for human communities. They provide multiple co-benefits, and even have the ability to sustain themselves. With these abilities, they can reduce by half the number of lives and properties at risk from storm surges and sea-level rise, according to a study in Nature Climate Change. Unlike seawalls, tidal marshes have a superpower against sea-level rise. It’s not just that they are a buffer between the water and human infrastructure, sapping energy from storm surges and blocking the highest tides. Marshes can actually grow vertically, keeping pace with sea-level rise by trapping sediment in their vegetation, which decomposes and then regrows. To perform this trick, they need three ingredients: sediment, space, and time.

[...]

Broadly speaking, human development has erased many of water’s slow phases—floodplains, meadows, forests, and wetlands, such as tidal marshes. For example, humans have eradicated 87 percent of the world’s wetlands. What water wants, say the detectives, is a return of these slow phases, an approach I think of as the “Slow Water Movement.” Slow water approaches are unique to each place, work with local systems, are distributed rather than centralized, are socially just, and empower and engage the local community. They also provide multiple benefits beyond buffering us from flood and drought, including carbon storage and homes for threatened plants and animals.

29 November 2022

[saphronethaleph]

Life Support Issues

“All right, so… where do you have the plans?” the Rebel technician asked. “An R2 unit like this could have a hundred hiding places.”

R2 beeped and whistled.

“Ah, I see,” Threepio said. “Yes, Artoo has reminded me that in fact the plans are not only in a data card, but also redundantly stored inside his own system – that’s how he was able to access the systems so readily. He will be able to transfer them quite readily through a standard data access port.”

“We can get that set up, sure,” the tech agreed, gesturing, and his assistant brought over a cable.

As he did, though, Threepio looked with interest at his old friend and counterpart.

“Were you supposed to do that?” he asked.

R2 beeped again.

“Yes, I suppose it is a good thing that you did, but I’m asking if you were supposed to,” Threepio replied. “Don’t try and play semantics with me, Artoo.”

R2 provided a long string of bleeps and whistles, and C-3PO stepped back.

“You did?” he asked. “Oh my… well, I suppose I did ask you to do that first one.”

“Do what?” the tech asked, halfway through plugging in the cable.

“Well, we were on the Death Star,” C-3PO replied. “And while rescuing Princess Leia, Master Luke and their friends, I had Artoo shut down all the garbage compactors on the Death Star, and then open the door to the one that they were in. Artoo has informed he that, in fact, he opened all the entrances shortly before we left.”

He made a displeased noise. “In addition, he flushed all the drinkable water into the black water systems, raised the temperature in the food storage areas to two hundred and fourteen degrees centigrade, and sealed the doors to every lavatory on the ship. I am also reliably informed that the artificial gravity generators have been independently set to what he calls ‘shuffle’ and that the plumbing system on the Death Star is comprehensive enough to permit him to transport fluids randomly around the entire plumbing system through a series of several thousand distributed commands which trigger on and off at random, at times ranging from five minutes to three days.”

A pause.

“Also, that reversing the gravity in the shuttle and vehicle maintenance bays produced a quite satisfying crunching sound of valuable equipment breaking. Artoo, did you really have to do all of that?”

R2 whistled, helpfully.

“Yes, I suppose they did blow up Alderaan,” Threepio admitted. “I’m just worried that at this point we might be committing war crimes ourselves.”

“This is becoming ridiculous,” Tarkin said, as blaster fire crackled up and down the corridor. “Half the ship is fighting itself and the other half is trying desperately to find a fresher.”

The firing intensified outside, then Darth Vader loomed imperiously out of the door and the various factions went from exchanging fire to fleeing.

“Have you found anything about what happened?” the Sith Lord asked, returning his attention to Tarkin. “I could believe one of these failures was accidental, but this is clearly deliberate.”

“It has been a little hard to gather information,” the Grand Moff replied, testily. “Since my analyst team is having to defend their access to a shuttle bay which might have an intact shuttle and the last Star Destroyer to try and render assistance was destroyed by two thousand turbolaser batteries all firing on it at once on automatic. But clearly there has been some sort of unauthorized access.”

“The plans,” Darth Vader said, firmly. “The Princess clearly passed them off to someone. The same group as her rescuers… Kenobi’s team. Kenobi is dead, but the smuggler ship must have had a strike team…”

He trailed off.

“But this is the work of an expert slicer,” he resumed. “A normal commando team couldn’t have done this much damage this quickly.”

“There is a report that one of my analysts found,” Tarkin said. “That a golden protocol droid and a blue-white astromech droid were acting suspiciously near Docking Bay 327.”

“Ah,” Darth Vader said, his tone somewhat different. “That explains everything. In fact, I am suspicious that there must be something we have missed.”

“Vader?” Tarkin asked.

“R2 has left us something else,” Vader answered. “I can feel it.”

Tarkin started giggling.

“...ah,” Vader declared. “There it is.”

“Nitrous oxide?” C-3PO asked. “Really?”

R2 whistled.

“I don’t care if you had to improvise and that it’s easily produced from available life support gases,” C-3PO replied, shaking his head. “Really, R2.”

[dandelionsresilience]

Good News - June 8-14

Like these weekly compilations? Tip me at $Kaybarr1735! And if you tip me and give me a way to contact you, at the end of the month I'll send you a link to all of the articles I found but didn't use each week!

1. Rare foal born on estate for first time in 100 years

“The Food Museum at Abbot's Hall in Stowmarket, Suffolk, is home to a small number of Suffolk Punch horses - a breed considered critically endangered by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. A female foal was born on Saturday and has been named Abbots Juno to honour the last horse born at the museum in 1924. [...] Juno is just one of 12 fillies born so far this year in the country and she could potentially help produce more of the breed in the future.”

2. The cement that could turn your house into a giant battery

“[Scientists] at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have found a way of creating an energy storage device known as a supercapacitor from three basic, cheap materials – water, cement and a soot-like substance called carbon black. [... Supercapacitators] can charge much more quickly than a lithium ion battery and don't suffer from the same levels of degradation in performance. [... Future applications of this concrete might include] roads that store solar energy and then release it to recharge electric cars wirelessly as they drive along a road [... and] energy-storing foundations of houses.”

3. New road lights, fewer dead insects—insect-friendly lighting successfully tested

“Tailored and shielded road lights make the light source almost invisible outside the illuminated area and significantly reduces the lethal attraction for flying insects in different environments. [...] The new LED luminaires deliver more focused light, reduce spill light, and are shielded above and to the side to minimize light pollution. [... In contrast,] dimming the conventional lights by a factor of 5 had no significant effect on insect attraction.”

4. When LGBTQ health is at stake, patient navigators are ready to help

“[S]ome health care systems have begun to offer guides, or navigators, to get people the help they need. [... W]hether they're just looking for a new doctor or taking the first step toward getting gender-affirming care, "a lot of our patients really benefit from having someone like me who is there to make sure that they are getting connected with a person who is immediately going to provide a safe environment for them." [... A navigator] also connects people with LGBTQ community organizations, social groups and peer support groups.”

5. Tech company to help tackle invasive plant species

“Himalayan balsam has very sugary nectar which tempts bees and other pollinators away from native plants, thereby preventing them from producing seed. It outcompetes native plant species for resources such as sunlight, space and nutrients. [...] The volunteer scheme is open to all GWT WilderGlos users who have a smartphone and can download the Crowdorsa app, where they can then earn up to 25p per square meter of Balsam removed.”

6. [Fish & Wildlife] Service Provides Over $14 Million to Benefit Local Communities, Clean Waterways and Recreational Boaters

“The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is distributing more than $14 million in Clean Vessel Act grants to improve water quality and increase opportunities for fishing, shellfish harvests and safe swimming in the nation’s waterways. By helping recreational boaters properly dispose of sewage, this year’s grants will improve conditions for local communities, wildlife and recreational boaters in 18 states and Guam.”

7. Bornean clouded leopard family filmed in wild for first time ever

“Camera traps in Tanjung Puting National Park in Indonesian Borneo have captured a Bornean clouded leopard mother and her two cubs wandering through a forest. It's the first time a family of these endangered leopards has been caught on camera in the wild, according [to] staff from the Orangutan Foundation who placed camera traps throughout the forest to learn more about the elusive species.”

8. Toy library helps parents save money 'and the planet'

“Started in 2015 by Annie Berry, South Bristol's toy library aims to reduce waste and allow more children access to more - and sometimes expensive - toys. [...] Ms Berry partnered with the St Philips recycling centre on a pilot project to rescue items back from landfill, bringing more toys into the library. [...] [P]eople use it to support the environment, take out toys that they might not have the space for at home or be able to afford, and allow children to pick non-gender specific toys.”

9. Chicago Receives $3M Grant to Inventory Its Trees and Create Plan to Manage City’s Urban Forest

“The Chicago Park District received a $1.48 million grant [“made available through the federal Inflation Reduction Act”] to complete a 100% inventory of its estimated 250,000 trees, develop an urban forestry management plan and plant 200 trees in disadvantaged areas with the highest need. As with the city, development of the management plan is expected to involve significant community input.”

10. Strong Public Support for Indigenous Co-Stewardship Plan for Bears Ears National Monument

“[The NFW has a] plan to collaboratively steward Bears Ears National Monument to safeguard wildlife, protect cultural resources, and better manage outdoor recreation. The plan was the result of a two-year collaboration among the five Tribes of the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition and upholds Tribal sovereignty, incorporates Traditional Ecological Knowledge, and responsibly manages the monument for hunting, fishing, and other outdoor recreation while ensuring the continued health of the ecosystem.”

June 1-7 news here | (all credit for images and written material can be found at the source linked; I don’t claim credit for anything but curating.)

[bestanimal]

Round 3 - Reptilia - Procellariiformes

(Sources - 1, 2, 3, 4)

Our next order of birds are the Procellariiformes, collectively called “tubenoses.” They are comprised of the living families Procellariidae (“petrels” and “shearwaters”), Diomedeidae (“albatrosses”), Hydrobatidae (“northern storm petrels”), and Oceanitidae (“austral storm petrels”).

Procellariiformes live almost exclusively on the open ocean. Their nostrils are enclosed in one or two tubes on their straight, deeply-grooved bills with hooked tips. Procellariiformes that nest in burrows have a strong sense of smell, being able to detect dimethyl sulfide released from plankton in the ocean. This strong sense of smell helps to locate patchily distributed prey at sea and may also help locate their nests within nesting colonies. Their wings are long and narrow. Their feet are webbed, and the hind toe is undeveloped or non-existent. Procellariiforms drink seawater, so they have an enlarged nasal gland at the base of the bill, above the eyes, which removes salt from their system and forms a 5 percent saline solution that drips out of the nostrils, or is forcibly ejected in some petrels. Many are long-distance migrants. They live in every ocean and sea, from Greenland to Antarctica, but are most diverse around New Zealand. Procellariiformes are for the most part exclusively marine foragers; the only exception to this rule are the two species of giant petrel, which regularly feed on carrion or other seabirds while on land. The diet of most species is dominated by fish, squid, krill, and other marine zooplankton. They obtain food by snatching prey while swimming on the surface, snatching prey from the wing, or diving down under the water to pursue prey.

Procellariiforms are colonial, mostly nesting on remote, predator-free islands. Larger species nest on the surface, while most smaller species nest in natural cavities and burrows. They exhibit strong philopatry, returning to their natal colony to breed and returning to the same nesting site over many years. Procellariiforms are monogamous and form long-term pair bonds that are formed over several years and may last for the life of the pair. A single egg is laid per nesting attempt, and usually a single nesting attempt is made per year, although the larger albatrosses may only nest once every two years. Both parents participate in incubation and chick rearing. Incubation times are long compared to other birds, as are fledging periods. Once a chick has fledged there is no further parental care.

Procellariiforms emerged in the Eocene, with some possible Late Cretaceous records. They are most closely related to penguins, having diverged from them about 60 million years ago.

Propaganda under the cut:

The Sooty Shearwater (Ardenna grisea) has the second longest measured annual migration of any bird, flying from its breeding grounds in New Zealand and Chile to the North Pacific off Japan, Alaska, and California, an annual round trip of 64,000 km (40,000 mi).

Some individual Snowy Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), also called Wandering Albatrosses, are known to circumnavigate the Southern Ocean three times in one year, covering more than 120,000 km (75,000 mi).

Fulmarine Petrels can fight off even large predatory birds with their noxious stomach oil, which they can project some distance. This stomach oil, stored in the proventriculus, is a digestive residue created in the foregut of all tubenoses except the diving petrels, and is used mainly for storage of energy-rich food during their long flights. The oil is also fed to their young.

The Light-mantled Albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata) has been recorded diving to 12 m (39 ft) underwater, and the Short-tailed Shearwater (Ardenna tenuirostris) diving to 70 m (230 ft)!

Albatrosses have featured in poetry in the form of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, which in turn gave rise to the usage of albatross as a metaphor for a psychological burden, as the Mariner felt extreme guilt for the albatross he had killed. More generally, albatrosses were believed to be good omens, and to kill one would bring bad luck. There are also instances of petrels in culture; there are sailors' legends regarding the storm petrels, which are considered to warn of oncoming storms. In general, petrels were considered to be "soul birds", representing the souls of drowned sailors, and it was considered unlucky to touch them.

The oldest living wild bird is Wisdom, a female Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis). She is estimated to have hatched in 1951, making her 73 or 74 years old. First tagged in 1956 at Midway Atoll by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), she was still incubating eggs as late as 2024. Biologists estimate that Wisdom has laid some 30–40 eggs in her lifetime and that she has at least 30–36 chicks. She and her chick survived the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami that killed an estimated 2,000 adult Laysan and Black-footed Albatrosses and an estimated 110,000 chicks at the Refuge. The 2011 chick went on to have a chick of her own, making Wisdom a grandmother. Her newest chick hatched on January 30, 2025.

Procellariiformes are amongst the most severely threatened taxa worldwide, with threats varying from species to species. There are less than 200 Magenta Petrels (Pterodroma magentae) breeding on the Chatham Islands, only 130 to 160 Zino's Petrels (Pterodroma madeira) and only 170 Amsterdam Albatrosses (Diomedea amsterdamensis). The Guadalupe Storm Petrel (Hydrobates macrodactylus), which bred only on Guadalupe Island off Baja California, Mexico, is presumed extinct after the introduction of Domestic Cats to the island decimated the population during the late 19th century. The Fiji Petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi) has been rarely seen since its discovery, and is inferred to have a small population of less than 50, if it is not extinct. The Bermuda Petrel (Pterodroma cahow) was thought to be extinct for 300 years, until the dramatic rediscovery in 1951 of eighteen nesting pairs made it a "Lazarus species".

The principal threat to the albatrosses and larger species of procellariids is long-line fishing. Bait set on hooks is attractive to foraging birds and many are hooked by the lines as they are set. As many as 100,000 albatrosses are hooked and drown each year on tuna lines set out by long-line fisheries. Invasive species introduced to the remote breeding colonies threaten all types of procellariiform. Most albatross and petrel species are clumsy on land and unable to defend themselves from mammals such as rats, Domestic Cats, and Domestic Pigs. Other threats include the ingestion of plastic flotsam. Once swallowed, plastic can cause a general decline in the fitness of the bird, or in some cases lodge in the gut and cause a blockage, leading to death by starvation. Procellariids are also vulnerable to marine pollution, as well as oil spills. Some species which nest high up on large developed islands, are victims of light pollution. Fledging chicks, which would use the night sky to navigate, are attracted to streetlights and may then be unable to reach the sea. As procellariiforms are extremely slow breeders, laying 1 egg (or less) a year, they cannot replace their numbers fast enough once the population begins to decline.

[willowwindss]

100 Inventions by Women

LIFE-SAVING/MEDICAL/GLOBAL IMPACT:

Artificial Heart Valve – Nina Starr Braunwald

Stem Cell Isolation from Bone Marrow – Ann Tsukamoto

Chemotherapy Drug Research – Gertrude Elion

Antifungal Antibiotic (Nystatin) – Rachel Fuller Brown & Elizabeth Lee Hazen

Apgar Score (Newborn Health Assessment) – Virginia Apgar

Vaccination Distribution Logistics – Sara Josephine Baker

Hand-Held Laser Device for Cataracts – Patricia Bath

Portable Life-Saving Heart Monitor – Dr. Helen Brooke Taussig

Medical Mask Design – Ellen Ochoa

Dental Filling Techniques – Lucy Hobbs Taylor

Radiation Treatment Research – Cécile Vogt

Ultrasound Advancements – Denise Grey

Biodegradable Sanitary Pads – Arunachalam Muruganantham (with women-led testing teams)

First Computer Algorithm – Ada Lovelace

COBOL Programming Language – Grace Hopper

Computer Compiler – Grace Hopper

FORTRAN/FORUMAC Language Development – Jean E. Sammet

Caller ID and Call Waiting – Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) – Marian Croak

Wireless Transmission Technology – Hedy Lamarr

Polaroid Camera Chemistry / Digital Projection Optics – Edith Clarke

Jet Propulsion Systems Work – Yvonne Brill

Infrared Astronomy Tech – Nancy Roman

Astronomical Data Archiving – Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Nuclear Physics Research Tools – Chien-Shiung Wu

Protein Folding Software – Eleanor Dodson

Global Network for Earthquake Detection – Inge Lehmann

Earthquake Resistant Structures – Edith Clarke

Water Distillation Device – Maria Telkes

Portable Water Filtration Devices – Theresa Dankovich

Solar Thermal Storage System – Maria Telkes

Solar-Powered House – Mária Telkes

Solar Cooker Advancements – Barbara Kerr

Microbiome Research – Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello

Marine Navigation System – Ida Hyde

Anti-Malarial Drug Work – Tu Youyou

Digital Payment Security Algorithms – Radia Perlman

Wireless Transmitters for Aviation – Harriet Quimby

Contributions to Touchscreen Tech – Dr. Annette V. Simmonds

Robotic Surgery Systems – Paula Hammond

Battery-Powered Baby Stroller – Ann Moore

Smart Textile Sensor Fabric – Leah Buechley

Voice-Activated Devices – Kimberly Bryant

Artificial Limb Enhancements – Aimee Mullins

Crash Test Dummies for Women – Astrid Linder

Shark Repellent – Julia Child

3D Illusionary Display Tech – Valerie Thomas

Biodegradable Plastics – Julia F. Carney

Ink Chemistry for Inkjet Printers – Margaret Wu

Computerised Telephone Switching – Erna Hoover

Word Processor Innovations – Evelyn Berezin

Braille Printer Software – Carol Shaw

⸻

HOUSEHOLD & SAFETY INNOVATIONS:

Home Security System – Marie Van Brittan Brown

Fire Escape – Anna Connelly

Life Raft – Maria Beasley

Windshield Wiper – Mary Anderson

Car Heater – Margaret Wilcox

Toilet Paper Holder – Mary Beatrice Davidson Kenner

Foot-Pedal Trash Can – Lillian Moller Gilbreth

Retractable Dog Leash – Mary A. Delaney

Disposable Diaper Cover – Marion Donovan

Disposable Glove Design – Kathryn Croft

Ice Cream Maker – Nancy Johnson

Electric Refrigerator Improvements – Florence Parpart

Fold-Out Bed – Sarah E. Goode

Flat-Bottomed Paper Bag Machine – Margaret Knight

Square-Bottomed Paper Bag – Margaret Knight

Street-Cleaning Machine – Florence Parpart

Improved Ironing Board – Sarah Boone

Underwater Telescope – Sarah Mather

Clothes Wringer – Ellene Alice Bailey

Coffee Filter – Melitta Bentz

Scotchgard (Fabric Protector) – Patsy Sherman

Liquid Paper (Correction Fluid) – Bette Nesmith Graham

Leak-Proof Diapers – Valerie Hunter Gordon

FOOD/CONVENIENCE/CULTURAL IMPACT:

Chocolate Chip Cookie – Ruth Graves Wakefield

Monopoly (The Landlord’s Game) – Elizabeth Magie

Snugli Baby Carrier – Ann Moore

Barrel-Style Curling Iron – Theora Stephens

Natural Hair Product Line – Madame C.J. Walker

Virtual Reality Journalism – Nonny de la Peña

Digital Camera Sensor Contributions ��� Edith Clarke

Textile Color Processing – Beulah Henry

Ice Cream Freezer – Nancy Johnson

Spray-On Skin (ReCell) – Fiona Wood

Langmuir-Blodgett Film – Katharine Burr Blodgett

Fish & Marine Signal Flares – Martha Coston

Windshield Washer System – Charlotte Bridgwood

Smart Clothing / Sensor Integration – Leah Buechley

Fibre Optic Pressure Sensors – Mary Lou Jepsen

[mariacallous]

A new UC Riverside study on California agriculture and climate proposes a plan for new water capture, storage, and distribution systems throughout California that will sustain agriculture and keep up with climate trajectories.

Available water for consumption is disappearing because of climate change and failing storage systems, leaving one of its top consumers—the agricultural industry—scrambling, the study concludes.

California’s agriculture sector uses about 40 percent of all the state’s water, or 80 percent of its consumed water. With less water available, agriculture must adjust. The study provides a pathway for the sector to do so.

The study, published last month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, finds that groundwater aquifers have more storage potential than surface water reservoirs. So, instead of devoting decades to build more dams and reservoirs that are subject to evaporation and overflow, water should be diverted into these depleted aquifers below the Central Valley and the coastal plains.

Over the past 40 years, aquifers have been overpumped, meaning more water has been taken out than put back in. When aquifers become too depleted, the land can subside. “In some parts of the Central Valley, it’s been sinking a foot or two a year,” said Kurt Schwabe, a public policy professor at UC Riverside and coauthor of the study. Land subsidence can cause infrastructure like buildings and highways to crack and degrade. It also harms the aquifer’s capacity to hold water and the health of the surrounding ecosystems.

Not only can replenishing groundwater aquifers limit these negative environmental impacts, but it can also bolster a water “savings account” during times of drought. When California lacks surface water, water usage shifts to groundwater stores.

But the big problem isn’t simply a quantity issue: “When I moved to California over 20 years ago, someone told me, ‘Don’t let people tell you there isn’t a lot of water in California, because there is. The problem is that it’s just managed really poorly,” said Schwabe.

The drought-plagued state was just drenched by two wet seasons and atmospheric rivers, but its infrastructure failed to adequately store that excess water.

Think of it like a leaky roof. In the past, you could have stored rainwater seeping through your roof in a gallon bucket for five separate rain events. Now, you would need a 5-gallon bucket for just one rain event.

Although the amount of precipitation hasn’t changed much compared to historical rates, “climate change has typically reduced the number of rainfall events but has made them much more intense,” said Schwabe.

Additionally, the climate crisis has led to high temperatures that evaporate surface waters before they can replenish and prevent rainfall from accumulating as snowpack, which has traditionally refilled reservoirs throughout the spring.

Like the gallon bucket, California’s storage facilities are too small. That, together with slow landscape absorption, is leading to flash floods and potentially useful water flowing back to the ocean.

For example, two winters’ worth of snow followed by intense heat created a flood risk in 2023. State officials decided to release water from Lake Oroville and other reservoirs across Southern California and the Central Valley. Although this helped prevent flooding and sent water downstream, many Californians were upset that the fresh water was being wasted. In attempts to reduce overflow releases, water agencies and irrigation districts made recharge basins to capture precipitation. But it wasn’t enough. Constant overpumping and a changing climate leave aquifers depleted to this day.

Their natural recharge process—precipitation accumulating as surface water that percolates through the soil to recharge groundwater aquifers—can also be disrupted by urbanization or impervious covers like pavement, said Bruk Berhanu, a senior researcher in water efficiency and reuse at the Pacific Institute.

The study suggests more managed aquifer recharge (MAR) infrastructure is needed to adequately catch large amounts of water in short time periods and avoid similar water-loss situations.

MAR is an intentional method of recharging aquifers, especially those at low levels. Already commonly implemented in California, MAR infrastructure includes conveyance structures that redistribute water to dehydrated locations, and injection—spraying water on land or, the more costly option, directly infusing water in wells.

Yet, to ensure an effective recharge of the aquifers, more monitoring and measurement is required. “Through 2014, growers were not required to monitor or report any withdrawals or injections to aquifers,” said Schwabe.

Regardless, California has more monitoring practices than other states mainly because water availability is not as big a concern elsewhere, said Berhanu. Monitoring standards vary by state and region. Regulations for urban areas differ from agricultural or industrial areas. Based on Berhanu’s work assessing the country’s volumetric potential for water use efficiency at the municipal level, he found that “there is no federal regulatory framework for monitoring or reporting. In a lot of cases, water supplies aren’t even metered.”

Even in areas that did have regulations, the reports were often infrequent or incomplete; the UC Riverside researchers are working on expanding the few accurate monitoring systems put in place in Southern California by proactive growers.

Additionally, the study proposes voluntary water markets where farmers with a surplus of water can trade it to another farmer in need. It’s a win-win process: The selling farmer makes extra profit and the other gets much-needed water. “With prices based on scarcity plus delivery costs, such a marketplace would have incentives for storage and efficient use,” Schwabe said in a press release.

Berhanu added that water-trading markets can work in some areas but not in others. “It needs a very strong governance framework to make sure all of the players are playing according to the rules.” The process will need to have improved monitoring practices, transparent data, and clear external costs, he said. “The more decentralized you get with how these transactions are being made, it becomes very difficult to coordinate the overall watershed-scale system benefits.”

The study also mentions the value of reusing wastewater. Historically, wastewater has been treated to an environmental safety standard then released into the ocean or groundwater system. Over time, natural processes will clean it. Instead of waiting for the environment to purify it, water treatment facilities can repurpose the wastewater for irrigation, commercial use, or recharging purposes.

As of 2023, water treatment plants can purify wastewater so well that people can drink it. “At some point, the water that we use will become someone else’s water for drinking or irrigation,” said Berhanu. Whether wastewater is for drinking or recharging aquifers, California plants are expanding their operations to include recycling methods so they can produce a sufficient supply.

“The overall volume of water in the world doesn’t really change. We need to shift our thinking from looking at how much water is available at one point of time to trying to better integrate our practices with the entire water cycle,” said Berhanu.

The study goes on to mention numerous efficiency-based and management solutions, like sustainable farming practices, land repurposing, and desalination to help the agriculture industry adjust.

“Now is the time to think about possibilities and opportunities for collaboration across agriculture, municipalities, and the environment to invest in smart investments that capture more water and put it in the ground,” said Schwabe.

[wachinyeya]

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) announced today an investment of $70 million in seven creative and visionary agricultural projects to transform the U.S. food and agricultural system and sustainably increase agricultural production in ways that also reduce its environmental footprint.

This Fiscal Year 2023 investment is part of the Sustainable Agricultural Systems program area of NIFA’s Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, the nation’s leading and largest competitive grants program for agricultural sciences.

The innovative program focuses on a broad range of needed research, education and Extension solutions – from addressing agricultural workforce challenges and promoting land stewardship to addressing climate change impacts in agriculture and filling critical needs in food and nutrition.

“Agriculture is facing a multitude of complex challenges,” said Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young, USDA Chief Scientist and Under Secretary for Research, Education and Economics. “We need all hands on deck developing creative, sustainable and strategic ways to feed, clothe and fuel future generations.”

The $10 million awards are for coordinated agricultural projects (CAPs), which are larger-scale and longer-term investments that integrate research, education and Extension efforts. These projects promote collaboration, open communication, information exchange and reduce duplication efforts by coordinating activities among individuals, institutions, states and regions.

“These research investments support exciting projects that integrate innovative systems-based thinking, methods and technologies to establish robust, resilient, and climate-smart food and agricultural systems,” said NIFA Director Dr. Manjit Misra. “These visionary projects will improve the local and regional supply of affordable, safe, nutritious and accessible food and agricultural products, while fostering economic development and rural prosperity in America.”

Explore the seven projects, which include the following:

At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dr. Erin Silva is leading a collaboration with the Great Lakes Intertribal Food Coalition, the Wisconsin Tribal Conservation Advisory Council, and the Menominee Nation on a transdisciplinary project that aims to scale up traditional Indigenous food production practices — practices that for generations have already been climate-smart and sustainable — by expanding production, processing, storage, and distribution systems, as well as education and Extension programs, that are needed to support integrated crop-livestock systems, cover crops, and rotationally-grazed cattle and pastured chickens.

At the University of Maine, Dr. Hemant Pendse is leading an integrated research, education and Extension effort to advance the bioeconomy by developing biorefinery technologies that will make the millions of tons of available low-grade woody biomass – which currently has a very limited market – more commercially viable in both the sustainable aviation fuel and fish feed sectors.

At Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Dr. Muthu Bagavathiannan is leading a project that seeks to transform cotton production in the southern United States into a more sustainable, climate-smart enterprise by applying improved precision management practices to increase carbon sequestration and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; enhance pest control, and nutrient and water management; and address labor challenges while creating new market opportunities.

AFRI, which also makes grants in the Foundational and Applied Sciences and Education and Workforce Development program areas, is designed to improve plant and animal production and sustainability, and human and environmental health. Grants are available to eligible colleges, universities, and other research organizations.

[swjalprocess]

Pure Water Storage and Distribution System: Ensuring Pure Water Availability

In industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and healthcare, pure water is a vital resource used across production, cleaning, and testing. Maintaining the purity and availability of water throughout its journey is critical. Water storage and distribution systems are designed to preserve the quality of purified water while ensuring an uninterrupted supply to meet operational demands.

Importance of Pure Water Storage and Distribution Systems

Pure Water treated through advanced purification methods, such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Electrodeionization (EDI), must retain its purity until it is used. This is where storage and distribution systems play a key role. These systems prevent recontamination by minimizing exposure to air, controlling microbial growth, and maintaining consistent flow rates. The reliability of these systems directly affects the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products, making them indispensable in industries governed by strict regulatory requirements.

Key Features of Pure Water Storage Systems

Pure Water storage systems are designed to maintain the chemical and microbiological stability of purified water. Some critical features include:

Sanitary Construction: Storage tanks are made from corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel (SS316L) to meet pharmaceutical-grade standards. The internal surfaces are electropolished to prevent microbial adhesion.

Vent Filters: These are used to protect the stored water from airborne contaminants. Hydrophobic filters allow the escape of gases while preventing particles or microorganisms from entering the tank.

Temperature Control: Thermal jackets or insulation systems are often integrated to maintain water temperature, reducing the risk of microbial proliferation.

Sloped Design: Tanks are designed with sloped bottoms for complete drainage, ensuring no water stagnates, which could lead to contamination.

Efficient Distribution Systems

Pure Water distribution systems are engineered to maintain a consistent supply of high-purity water throughout the facility. The systems are designed with precision to prevent contamination and ensure compliance with stringent quality standards. Key components include:

Loop Piping System: The loop design ensures that water is continuously circulated, preventing stagnation and microbial growth.

Sanitary Valves and Pumps: These components maintain a hygienic environment within the distribution system and are made of materials compatible with purified water.

Automated Control Panels: PLC-based control systems allow real-time monitoring of flow rates, temperature, and pressure, ensuring operational efficiency.

UV Sterilizers: These are installed to eliminate any residual microbial contamination during water circulation.

Benefits of Advanced Pure Water Storage and Distribution Systems

Consistent Water Quality: Advanced systems ensure that the purity of water remains intact, meeting pharmaceutical-grade standards such as USP and cGMP.

Operational Efficiency: Automated monitoring and control systems reduce downtime and the need for manual intervention.

Regulatory Compliance: High-quality materials and advanced features ensure adherence to stringent industry norms.

Cost-Effectiveness: Energy-efficient designs and low maintenance requirements contribute to reduced operational costs.

Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, Pure water storage and distribution systems are critical for various applications, including:

Preparation of Sterile Solutions: Ensuring the availability of high-purity water for drug formulation.

Equipment Cleaning: Facilitating the cleaning of reactors, pipelines, and storage vessels to prevent cross-contamination.

Analytical Testing: Providing ultrapure water for laboratory testing to ensure accurate results.

Ensuring Compliance with Standards

Pure Water storage and distribution systems are designed to meet stringent guidelines established by regulatory bodies like the US FDA, EMA, and WHO. Features such as online monitoring, documentation capabilities, and validation protocols ensure compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Regular maintenance and qualification processes are essential to uphold these standards.

Innovations in Water Storage and Distribution Systems

Advancements in technology have led to the development of more efficient and sustainable systems. Features like real-time IoT-based monitoring, energy recovery systems, and advanced materials with enhanced corrosion resistance are becoming increasingly popular. These innovations enable industries to maintain high water quality standards while optimizing resource consumption.

Conclusion

Pure Water storage and distribution systems are integral to industries that require high-purity water for critical applications. By ensuring consistent quality, operational efficiency, and compliance with stringent standards, these systems support the production of safe and effective products.

SWJAL PROCESS Pvt. Ltd. is a trusted manufacturer of high-quality water storage and distribution systems in Mumbai, India, delivering reliable solutions tailored to industry-specific requirements.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil's farmers bet on solar energy and batteries to stabilize power supply

Brazilian farmers have been expanding their solar energy capacity and testing batteries as a storage solution, in a bid to make electricity supplies more predictable and potentially reduce diesel consumption, according to growers and experts.

Increased use of alternative energy in Brazil, the world's largest exporter of various food staples, means greater business for equipment providers, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, and more efficient farming.

Companies that provide energy solutions, such as WEG (WEGE3.SA), say that farmers' interest in battery-based storage systems has risen in recent months, with projects coming into fruition after a sharp drop in battery prices.

Rural properties currently account for approximately 14% of all installed solar power in Brazil, with 4.8 gigawatts distributed via small photovoltaic stations, often built on rooftops or unused land. Solar capacity in agriculture has grown more than seven-fold since 2020, when renewable-source projects took off across the country, according to a survey by the Brazilian Association of Photovoltaic Solar Energy. The association said the number of rural consumer units using solar panels had jumped to 471,000 by the end of 2024, from 54,000 four years earlier. Brazilian farmers use solar power for crop irrigation, air conditioning systems, lighting, pumping water into reservoirs and powering cold storage rooms.

Continue reading.

[kaiasky]

my dream mc modpack is i think

create and tinkers. disable slime islands.

massively nerf storage. the player's inventory and backpacks stay the same, but otherwise 1 m^2 is a max of 10 item types and 64 items total.

in exchange for that, it's easy to make multi block storage or to unify multiple storage blocks into one interface like ae2. By the early midgame "ah, I need more cobblestone, let me add another cobblestone warehouse" is easy.

you CANNOT void items. If an item would despawn, it places itself on the ground if it can. If it's not a block, it places a "refuse layer" that stack up and form piles. and if it can't find a valid placement location then the chunk starts dealing damage ticks to you because fuck you! don't try and cheat my system

whenever possible, gathering items should impact the world. mining requires leaving mines and spoil tips, forestry and farming require space, industrial processes are larger and get larger the higher tech they are. Solar power takes up actual space, no "tier 5 draconic solar panel" shit. (When possible this isn't just "10x10x10 multiblock" it's a series of machines that need to work together.)

uneven resource distribution, you have to go different places for different ores, i love when modpacks do this

There's an early item called the drafting table that lets you enter into spectator mode with copy/paste and worldedit features within a range around the drafting table. Inventories linked to the drafting table get used by construction bots to construct and deconstruct. Expanding the range and capabilities of your drafting table is an important part of the mod. To get you started it has an inventory the size of 10 double chests, but you can't place two drafting tables within range of one another.

Construction bots can mine natural blocks but they can't collect them, and produces a refuse item that has to be disposed of. to 1) encourage actual mining solutions and 2) let you build underground bases without creating literal mountains of spoil. only a large amount of it.

Chisel mod but more. Most decorative blocks are unified into 20 'structural base' blocks that can be stonecuttered into a variety of decorative blocks. So e.g. you automate 'wooden structure block' which can be stonecut (in the drafting table ui this is a radial menu or something) into logs, stripped, planks, slabs, various 'chisel' textures all at a 1-1 ratio. When mined, they drop as 'x structure block', preventing you from needing to micromanage which building blocks you have enough of. eg you don't say 'shit i need more mossy bricks', you say 'i need more stone structural blocks' which means bigger factory, not crafting montage.

easy and convenient wireless redstone and wireless storage info, but no ender chest stuff. data is easy to get from a to b, and materials require infrastructure.

thermal dynamics viaducts are the primary player transportation thing, bc i think they rule extremely hard. lategame transportation is the jump clone ichun mod. and/or getting fired out of artillery. you gotta water bucket clutch tho

none of that 'oh the endgame is making creative items with omega crafting' shit. you launch a rocket into the sun (the joke is that this is the only way to truly void items, so it is the Ultimate Tech) and the credits play. there can be 'postgame' stuff but i hate a modpack that overstays its welcome and makes 100%ing it the only 'winning'.

[katherinemathew]

Fight Food Waste: A Step Towards a Sustainable Future

Food waste is a growing global issue, contributing to environmental concerns and food insecurity. Millions of people struggle to access nutritious meals while large amounts of food go to waste daily. In cities like Melbourne, initiatives such as food relief Melbourne and food assistance Melbourne play a crucial role in bridging the gap between surplus food and those in need. By understanding the impact of food waste and adopting practical solutions, individuals and communities can make a significant difference.

The Impact of Food Waste

Food waste affects society in multiple ways. From an environmental perspective, discarded food decomposes in landfills, releasing methane gas, a major contributor to climate change. Additionally, wasted food represents a loss of the resources used to produce it, including water, labor, and transportation.

Economically, food waste costs households and businesses millions of dollars annually. Restaurants, supermarkets, and households often discard perfectly edible food due to cosmetic imperfections or over-purchasing. Addressing food waste not only reduces financial strain but also promotes a more sustainable food system.

How Food Relief Programs Help

Organizations providing food relief in Melbourne work to redirect surplus food to individuals and families facing hardship. These programs collect excess food from restaurants, grocery stores, and manufacturers, distributing it through food banks, shelters, and community kitchens. By supporting these initiatives, businesses and individuals contribute to reducing food waste while helping those in need.

Similarly, food assistance in Melbourne ensures that vulnerable populations, including low-income families, the elderly, and the homeless, have access to essential meals. Many of these programs also provide education on nutrition, meal planning, and food storage to help recipients make the most of their resources.

Practical Steps to Reduce Food Waste

Fighting food waste starts with small, mindful changes in everyday life. Here are some practical steps individuals can take:

Plan Meals and Shop Smart — Creating a meal plan and shopping list helps prevent impulse purchases and overbuying, ensuring that food is consumed before it spoils.

Store Food Properly — Learning proper food storage techniques, such as freezing perishables or using airtight containers, can extend shelf life and reduce waste.

Repurpose Leftovers — Transforming leftovers into new meals minimizes waste while offering creative meal options.

Support Food Relief Programs — Donating excess food to local charities or participating in volunteer efforts helps communities in need while reducing landfill waste.

Compost Organic Waste — For unavoidable food scraps, composting is an eco-friendly solution that enriches soil and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Food waste is a significant issue, but with awareness and action, communities can work together to address it. Supporting food relief Melbourne and food assistance Melbourne programs helps ensure that surplus food reaches those who need it most, rather than ending up in landfills. By making conscious choices, individuals and businesses can contribute to a sustainable and more food-secure future.

[rjzimmerman]

How Much Longer Can Glen Canyon Dam Last? (Sierra Club)

Excerpt from this story from Sierra Club:

This spring, the Bureau of Reclamation revealed damage to the river outlet works system of Glen Canyon Dam. While there is no structural risk to the huge dam on the Colorado River, the incident drew attention to the dam’s antiquated infrastructure and brought into question its ability to sustain water releases from Lake Powell at lower elevations. At risk are both the lower Colorado River Basin’s ecosystems—including the Grand Canyon—and the 30 million people who rely on the Colorado’s water.

The damage was caused by a High Flow Experiment Release in April 2023, by cavitation, a process that happens when water passing through pipes at high velocity creates air bubbles that cause erosion. During the 2023 release, 3,500 CFS (cubic feet per second) of water was released through the outlet works pipes for 72 hours. The aim was to distribute sediment throughout the Grand Canyon to maintain healthy beaches and riparian habitats.

Part of the reason Glen Canyon Dam was constructed between 1956 and 1963, in addition to water storage and hydropower generation, was to keep a million tons of Colorado River sediment each year from clogging Lake Mead, 305 miles downstream. Lake Powell, the resulting reservoir that straddles the Arizona-Utah border, flooded 169 miles of the Colorado River in Glen Canyon with 8 trillion gallons of water at maximum capacity. The reservoir is currently at an elevation of 3,577 feet and only 37 percent of capacity, reflecting both the two-decades-long drought and a slight uptick from the last wet winter.

Water is released from the dam through eight main penstocks, which produce hydropower. The four river outlet works are a secondary release option, typically reserved for flood control, High Flow Experiments, and when the power plant is offline. Cavitation, coating, and pipe wall damage were first observed in 1965 following a discharge slightly higher than that of 2023, and the damage has continued over time. While it doesn’t impede the functionality of the outlet works, it does highlight their limitations. Previously, it was assumed the pipes could be used for downstream releases if the reservoir dropped below power pool elevation, 3,490 feet. In an email response to a query, a Bureau of Reclamation spokesperson said that that is not a viable option: “If Lake Powell drops below elevation 3490 feet, Glen Canyon Dam releases could only be accomplished through the river outlet works, which have not been used as the exclusive means to release water and were not envisioned as the sole means to release water from Glen Canyon Dam.” 

The bureau is currently running studies and physical modeling to better understand the situation, with an analysis expected by the end of this year. Meanwhile, it plans to replace the interior coating inside the original pipes, which will prevent corrosion but does not address the cavitation. In addition to the $9 million repair, Reclamation will also look to repair the hollow jet valves that regulate water flows through the outlet works.

The damage raises questions about the dam’s longevity. In 2022, environmental groups Great Basin Water Network, Glen Canyon Institute, and Utah Rivers Council released a report, Antique Plumbing & Leadership Postponed: How the Glen Canyon Dam’s Archaic Design Threatens the Colorado River Water Supply. Among their key concerns were the limitations of the river outlet works to release water should reservoir levels plummet. In April 2023, Lake Powell dropped to an elevation of 3,519 feet, the lowest it has been since the dam started filling.

[mallodrama]

I don’t support AI but to suggest it is killing the planet is a bit silly. You can say that about any human activity. It’s the governments inability to prioritise clean energy that’s killing the planet. If energy is clean then it doesn’t matter how much gets used.

it literally is killing the planet and environmental specialists are all saying so. a generative AI system uses up to 33x more energy than regular software AND it’s running through the worlds most scarce and precious resource (clean water) like nothing we have seen in recorded history.

i logged out for not even 2 hours. the amount of time all of you weirdos wasted defending AI to me in the comments of that post and in my inbox could have been better spent conducting a quick google search.

anyways here’s a few accessible and trustworthy sources regarding ai and it’s catastrophic environmental impacts to get you started. i’ve taken the liberty to link you to some Forbes, Harvard, and Yale studies all telling you the same thing. hopefully you can find your way from there to the nearest actual search engine without getting lost

https://planetdetroit.org/2024/10/ai-energy-carbon-emissions/