It is done!
A lot of our knowledge of ancient Egyptian gods comes from spells, which sometimes record narratives or pieces of narratives as historiolas, but a lot of the time just give us lists of gods that it’s kinda hard to infer a personality from. Which is why I thought it would be fun to go through some collections of spells and track how many times certain gods are invoked alongside another certain gods, and to see if those patterns could say anything about that god’s relationships to other gods from. Because my autism compels me to make bar graphs, and it especially compels me to make bar graphs that I can use to make headcanons about my blorbos.
What counts as gods being invoked or referenced together is kinda subjective sometimes, but it’s the general patterns that are important with this so not counting some things that maybe should have been counted is probably fine. I thought I’d do Set first for this, because I think his position in the pantheon is really interesting and also really seemingly contradictory at times.
What we’ve learned from these charts is that most of Set’s social life is just him muttering evilly in front of a brainstorming board that has “ways to murder Osiris Horus” written on it. (/joke)
For some gods I thought it would be interesting to track how many of the references implied a negative relationship between them and Set, so I kept track of how many references specifically implied a negative relationship (things like saying that god and Set acted in opposition to each other, or that Set wronged them in some way, or just that they don’t like each other) as well as just the total number of references. On my graph this reflected by having the number of those references be coloured red, and all the other references that were just neutral and didn’t imply anything (or sometimes very occasionally implied a positive relationship) are blue. The gods I did this with are Nephthys (because she’s his wife but it doesn’t seem like their marriage is that happy), Nut (because she’s his mother and the epithet “son of Nut” is used for him a lot), and Horus and Osiris (because I read somewhere that Horus is sometimes portrayed as working with Set, but that Osiris and Set are always portrayed as enemies, and I wanted to see if that was true or not). In the Greek Magical Papyri this also includes Helios because he was sometimes synchronized with Horus. So when gods other than those gods don’t have red parts on their bars, that doesn’t mean the text didn’t imply they don’t like Set, it just means I wasn’t counting it, but if a deity like Nephthys has an entirely blue bar that means there weren’t any negative references.
My copy of the Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky days is weird, in that a lot of the mentions of Set sound a lot more like they should be about Apophis. I can’t tell if that’s some weirdness with the text, since it’s supposed to be from the New Kingdom which I’m pretty sure is before a lot of Apophis’s traits started carrying over to Set, or if it’s some weirdness with this translation and they translated everything about Apophis as being about Set for some reason, or if it isn’t actually weird at all and I’m just thinking of this wrong. Like, there’s a part in it where it calls Set the son of Nun, and I can’t tell if that’s a misprint of Nut’s name, or if Set actually was sometimes called the son of Nun and I just don’t know that, or if that’s actually not Set at all and just Apophis committing identity theft.
Fun individual things I found while doing this: In the Pyramid Texts there’s a spell that implies Set drank Osiris’s blood, a spell in the Greek Magical Papyri has Nephthys show up riding a donkey, which I think is really cool, and a spell that’s in the Coffin Texts and the Book of the Dead says Horus and Set kissed on New Year’s Day one time. Also there’s a Coffin Texts spell that says Horus gained Set’s strength and used it even more than his own, which is the only reference I’ve seen to the events of the Kahun fragment so far outside of the actual Kahun fragment.
The Greek Magical Papyri has a lot of references to elements of Christian or Jewish religious elements alongside Ancient Greek and Egyptian religious elements, and it brings me great sadness they never showed up with Set because it would have been absolutely hilarious to get to put “Gabriel (the angel)” or “Jewish/Christian G-d” on my Set chart.
Doing this was really fun so I think I might do another god soon. Probably Anubis because he almost never shows up in any myths and I’ve heard a thousand different versions of who his parents are supposed to be.
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