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mythopia1 · 6 years

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The Gods of Inca Mythology

The majority of the world’s religions speak of a single God who created the universe, but in Inca mythology, many deities were involved in the creation of the cosmos. They each had a role in forming different elements of the sky, earth and underworld.

The most important god to the ancient Inca was Viracocha. He was the first of the creator deities, responsible for designing the heavens. From his own form, he established the sun, moon, planets and stars. When he commanded the sun to move over the sky, time itself was created, allowing for the rise of civilization. He was represented as wearing the sun for a crown, with thunderbolts in his hands, and tears descending from his eyes as rain.

The second most important deity of the Inca pantheon was Inti. He was the sun god, and it is uncertain whether he was a brother of Viracocha, or his son. He brought light and warmth to the lands, and became known as the ‘Giver of Life’. He later sent his children to earth to start the Inca civilisation. Inti and his sister, Mama Killa (Moon goddess) were generally considered benevolent deities.

Coniraya was a male Moon God, associated with the creation of life. Legend says that as he wandered over the earth, plants and animals appeared. He held dominion over agriculture, and helped the farmers irrigate their fields. He once fashioned his sperm into the fruit of the Lumca Tree, which was eaten by Cavillaca, a beautiful virgin goddesses. Cavillaca became pregnant and ran away in shame. Coniraya went in search of her and his child, but sadly, when he found them, they had both turned into stone.

Kon was the first born of Inti and Mama Killa, who resided over the rains. He was strong and lithe, which allowed him to move quickly over the the plains of Peru. Kon was lonely, so he created the first race of humans. He set them down in a pleasant, fertile land, and gave them grain which they could harvest, and fruits which ripened quickly. His creations wanted for nothing.

During the rule of these early gods, Kon’s human creations became lazy and wicked, so Kon punished them with drought. He would only dispense his life giving waters if they worked hard enough to earn his favour. Kon’s tyrannical regime soon came to an end with the appearance of his brother Pachacamac (Inti’s son).

Pachacamac was known as the "Creator of the World", and immediately challenged his brother Kon. After a tremendous struggle, Pachacamac managed to drive Kon from the land. His became the new god of Peru, and redesigned it as a paradise. He wasn’t so fond of the Kon’s mortal creations, however, and turned into monkeys. In their place, he created a new race of humans (the ancestors of the Inca). In return, these people made Pachacamac their supreme deity.

After the dethronement of Kon, a new god was needed hold dominion over the rain. This role was gifted to llapu, who used the power of the storm to fertilise the lands. The Incas believed the Milky Way as a heavenly river, where Illapu's sister stored a great water jug. When Illapu struck the jug with a bolt of lightning, it would create the sound of thunder, and release a heavenly rain. He appeared as a man in shining clothes, carrying a club and stones.

Catequil was another storm god, linked specifically to lightning. Legend say’s he created thunder-bolts by striking the clouds with his sacred spear and a mighty club. He was venerated as a weather deity, who could divine the future. Catequil was linked to a myth about the twins Apocatequil and Piguerao. Many Incan people believe Apocatequil was none other than the lightening god in human form.

The story goes that the twin brothers, Apocatequil and Piguero, were conceived by a woman who had sex with a sky god. Her name was Cautaguan, and she bore her sons within two eggs. Close to their birth, the goddess was killed by her brothers (the Guachimines). Once her sons hatched, they revived their mother, and took vengeance on their uncles by hurling lightening bolts at them.

Apocatequil become the prominent leader of the Inca, and served as the chief priest for the lunar deity, Coniraya. To keep Apocatequil happy, the Inca built statues of his noble self and placed them upon the mountaintops.

Below these mountains lived Urcaguary, a chthonic deity, who resided over underground treasures (metals and jewels). He guarded them from greedy interlopers who tried to steal them, and had a formidable appearance. He was often depicted as a large snake with the antlers of a deer, and a tail coiled with gold chains.

For those who wished to secure a safer way to wealth, there was always Ekkeko. He was the god of abundance, called upon by his followers for luck and prosperity. The ancient Inca made dolls that represented him and surrounded them with miniature version of their desires (pets, treasure, food, etc). This was believed to help manifest whatever it was their hearts desired.

Another God revered for his prosperity was Urcuchillay. This bestial god was worshipped by Inca herders, who watched over the herds of Peru. He was prayed to for their well-being. Urcuchillay would often bring good fortune to his followers, ensuring their protection in the wilderness. It was said he possessed a bright, multicoloured coat, a symbol of life and wonder.

Yet life and prosperity couldn’t last forever, as all paths eventually lead to the grave. This final feature of the Inca life was ruled over by Supay, the god of death. He lived in Ukhu Pacha (the underworld), with an army of demons. Miners would also pray to him for a safe decent into the underworld, when they went digging for precious treasure. Ukhu Pacha was not such a terrible place, for it was linked to the womb of mother earth (Pachamama). The subterranean waters of ‘Ukhu Pacha’ were believed to have rejuvenating qualities, which linked the health and prosperity of the Inca people.

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automatismoateo · 3 years

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All the other gods are false except the one I believe in. Really? You mean all of these: via /r/atheism

Submitted June 13, 2021 at 02:46PM by IamImposter (Via reddit https://ift.tt/35eMjVQ) All the other gods are false except the one I believe in. Really? You mean all of these:

I saw this list somewhere on internet and copied it. Thought I would share it here.

A small list of gods that humans have invented over time:

Aakuluujjusi, Aba-khatun, Abaangui, Ababinili, Abarta, Abassi, Abeguwo, Abere, Ab Kin zoc, Abna, Abnoba, Abuk, Acan, Acat, Achiyalatopa, Acidalia, Aclla, Acna, Acolmiztli, Acolnahuacatl, Acuecucyoticihuati, Ac Yanto, Adad, Adamisil Wedo, Adaox, Adapa, Adaro, Adekagagwaa, Aditi, Adityas, Adlet, Adlivun, Adrammelech, Adu Ogyinae, Aegir, Aello, Aeon, Aesculapius, Aesir, Afekan, Ag, Agaman Nibo, Agasaya, Agathe, Agdistis, Ageleia, Aglauros, Aglibol, Agloolik, Agne, Agni, Agoraia, Agreia, Agreie, Agreiphontes, Agreus, Agrios, Agrotera, Aguara, Aguieus, Agwe, Agweta, Ahau-Kin, Ahau Chamahez, Ah Bolom Tzacab, Ah Cancum, Ah Chun Caan, Ah Chuy Kak, Ah Ciliz, Ah Cun Can, Ah Cuxtal, Ah hulneb, Ah Kin, Ah Kumix Uinicob, Ahmakiq, Ah Mun, Ah Muzencab, Ahnt Alis Pok', Ahnt Kai', Aholi, Ah Patnar Uinicob, Ah Peku, Ah Puch, Ahriman, Ahsonnutli, Ah Tabai, Ah Uaynih, Ahuic, Ah UincirDz'acab, Ahulane, Ahura Mazda, Ahurani, Ah Uuc Ticab, Ah Wink-ir Masa, Ai-ada, Aiauh, Aida Wedo, Aida Wedo, Aidoneus, Aigiarm, Aigiokhos, Aigletes, Aigobolos, Aine, Ainia,Ainippe, Aipaloovik, Airetech, Aithuia, Ai Tupua'i, Aizen-Myoo, Aja, Ajalamo, Ajbit, Aje, Aji-Suki-Taka-Hi-Kone, Ajilee, Ajima, Ajok, Ajtzak, Ajysyt, Aka, Akba-atatdia, Akbaalia, Akesios, Akewa, Akhlut, Akhushtal, Akna,Akonadi, Akonadi, Akongo, Akraia, Aktaios, Akuj, Akycha, Al-Lat, Al-Lat, Al-Uzza (El-'Ozza or Han-Uzzai), Alaghom Naom Tzentel, Alalahe, Alalkomene, Alalu, Ala Muki, Alasiotas, Albino Spirit animals, Alcibie, Alcinoe, Alcippe, Alcis,Alea, Alektca, Alexikakos, Alfrigg, Aligena, Alignak, Alii Menehune, Alinga, Aliterios, Alkaia, Alkonost, Allah, Allanque, Allowat Sakima, Almoshi, Alom, Alowatsakima, Altan-Telgey, Aluluei, Ama, Ama-terasu, Amaethon, Amaguq, Amala, Amaltheia, Ama no Uzume, Amatsu Mikaboshi, Amaunet, Ambidexter, Ambika, Ambologera, Ameathon, Amelia, Amen, Amimitl, Amitolane, Amm, Amma, Ammavaru, Amon, Amotken, Amun, Amynomene, An, An-Zu,Anaduomene, Anaea, Anahita, Anansi, Ananta (Shesha), Anapel, Anat, Anath (Anat), Anatu, Anax, Anaxilea, Anbay, An Cailleach, Andaokut, and Brathy, Andiciopec, Andraste, Androdameia,Andromache, Andromeda, Androphonos, Anerneq, Anetlacualtiliztli, Angalkuq, Angpetu Wi, Anguta, Angwusnasomtaka, Ani Hyuntikwalaski, Animal spirits, Aningan, Aniwye, Anjea, Annapurna (Annapatni), Anog Ite, Anosia, Anpao, Anqet, Anshar, Antaboga, Antaios, Antandre,Antania, Antenociticus, Antheus, Anthroporraistes, Antianara, Antianeira, Antibrote, Antilebanon, Antimache, Antimachos, Antiope,Antiopeia, Anu, Anubis, Anuket, Anunitu, Aoide, Apanuugak, Apatouria, Apep, Aphneius, Aphrodite, Apicilnic, Apikunni, Apis, Apollo, Apotamkin, Apotropaios, Apoyan Tachi, Apozanolotl, Apsu, Apunga, Apu Punchau, Aqalax, Aqhat, Arahuta, Aranrhod, Ararat, Arawn, Areia, Areia, Areion, Arendiwane, Areopagite, Ares, Areto, Areximacha,Argus, Arianrod, Aridnus, Ariki, Arinna,Aristaios, Aristomache, Arkhegetes, Arktos, Arnakua'gsak, Arohirohi, Arretos, Arsenothelys, Artemis, Artio, Aruaka, Aruna, Aryong Jong, As-ava, Asase Yaa, Asclepius, Asdiwal, Asgaya Gigagei, Asherali, Ashiakle, Ashnan, Ashtoreth, Ashur, Ashvins, Asiaq, Asima Si, Asin, Asin, Asintmah, Asklepios, Aspheleios, Astarte, Astarte, Asteria, Astraeos, Asuras, Atabei, Atacokai, Atahensic, Atai, Atanea, Atar, Aten, Athene, Athirat, Athtart, Aticpac Calqui Cihuatl, Atira, Atisokan, Atius Tirawa, Atl, Atlacamani, Atlacoya, Atlatonin, Atlaua, Atoja, Aton, Atshen, Attis, Atum, Au-Co, Auchimalgen, Audjal, Audumbla, Auilix, Aulanerk, Aumakua, Aumanil, Aunggaak, Aunt Nancy, Aurgelmir, Ausaitis, Austeja, Auxites, Avaris, Awaeh Yegendji, Awakkule, Awitelin Tsta, Awonawilona, Axios, Axios Tauros, Axomama, Aya, Ayaba, Ayauhteotl, Ayida, Ayizan, Ayt'ar, Azacca, Azeban, Aziri, Ba, Baal (Bel), Baalat (Ba'Alat), Baatsi, Baau, Baaxpee, Babamik, Baba Yaga (Jezi Baba), Bacabs, Bachu, Backlum Chaam, Badb, Bagucks, Bakbakwalanooksiwae,Bakcheios, Bakchos, Bakoa, Balam, Balarama, Balder, Baldhead,Balor, Bamapana, Banaitja, Banbha, Banka-Mundi, Bara, Barong, Baron Samedi, Barraiya, Basamacha, Basamum, Basileus, Basilis, Basket Woman, Bassareus, Bastet, Bat, Batara Kala, Bauros, Bayanni, Bead Spitter, Bear, Bear Medicine Woman, Bear Woman, Beaver, Beaver Doctor, Becuma, Beelsamin, Belatu-Cadros, Belatucadros, Bele Alua, Belenus, Beli,Belimawr, Belinus, Belit-Seri, Belobog (Belun), Bendigeidfran, Benten (Benzai-Ten), Berchta, Bergelmir, Beru, Beruth, Bhairavi, Biame, Big Heads, Big Man Eater, Big Tail, Big Twisted Flute, Bikeh hozho, Bila, Bile, Bishamon, Bitol, Black Hactcin, Black Tamanous, Blathnat, Blind Boy, Blind Man, Blodeuwedd, Blood Clot Boy, Bloody Hand, Blue-Jay, Bmola, Boaliri, Boann, Bobbi-bobbi, Bochica, Bodus, Boiuna, Boldogasszony, Bolontiku, Bomo rambi, Boophis, Bor, Borak, Boreas,Bormanus, Borvo, Bosumabla, Botryophoros, Boukeros, Boulaia, Boulaios, Brag-srin-mo, Bragi, Brahma, Bran, Branwen, Breathmaker, Breksta, Bremusa, Bres, Brigid, Brigit, Brihaspati, Brisings,Bromios, Broxa, Buddha, Budhi Pallien, Buffalo, Bugady Musun, Buk, Buku, Buluc Chabtan, Bumba, Bunbulama, Bunjil, Bunzi, Buri, Buring Une, Burnt Belly, Burnt Face, Buruku, Buto, Butterfly, Byblis,Bythios, Ca-the-a, Cabaguil, Cacoch, Caelestis, Cagn, Caishen, Cajolom, Cakulha, Caliope, Calounger, Camaxtli, Camozotz, Candi, Candit, Cannibal Grandmother, Cannibal Woman, Canotila, Capa, Caprakan, Caridwen, Carpantus, Cassios, Catequil,Cathbadh, Cauac, Cavillaca, Cecht, Cedreatis, Ceiuci, Celaneo, centaur, Centeotl, Centzonuitznaua, Cerberus, Cernach, Cernobog), Cernunnos, Cetan, Cghene, Ch'ang-O, Ch'ang Tsai, Ch'eng Huang, Ch'ih Sung-tzu, Ch'ing Lung, Ch'ung Ling-yu, Chac, Chac Uayab Xoc, Chahnameed, Chakwaina Okya, Chalchihuitlicue, Chalchiuhtlatonal, Chalchiutotolin, Challalamma, Chalmecacihuilt, Chalmecatl, Chamer, Chandra, Chang Fei, Chang Hsien, Changing Bear Woman, Changing Woman, Chango, Chang Pan, Chantico, Chaob, Chaos, Chao san-Niang, Chao T'eng-k'ang, Charidotes, Charred Body, Charybdis, Chasca, Chemosh, Cheng San-Kung, Cheng Yuan-ho, Chen Kao, Chepi, Chernobog (Crnobog, Chibiabos, Chibirias, Chiccan, Chicomecoatl, Chicomexochtli, Chiconahui, Chiconahuiehecatl, Chie, Chie, Chien-Ti, Chih Jih, Chih Nii, Chih Nu, Child-Born-in-Jug, Chimata-No-Kami, Chimera, Chin-hua Niang-niang, Ching Ling Tzu, Chinnintamma, Chio Yuan-Tzu, Chi Po, Chirakan, Chloe, Chloris, Choreutes, Choroplekes, Chou Wang, Christalline, Chthonios, Chu-jung, Chuang-Mu, Chulyen, Chung-kuei, Chung-li Ch'an, Chung Liu, Chu Niao, Chun T'i, Chup-Kamui, Chu Ying, Cihuacoatl, Cin-an-ev, Cinei-new, Cinteotl, Cipactli, Cirape, Cit-Bolon-Tum, Cit Chac Coh, Citlalatonac, Citlalicue, Ciucoatl, Ciuteoteo, Cizin, Clairm, Clairmezin, Clete, Cliff ogre, Clio, Cliodna, clotho,Clyemne, Coatlicue, Coatrischie, Cochimetl, Cocidius, Cocijo, cockatrice, Cocomama, Colel Cab, Colleda (Koliada), Colop U Uichkin, Conchobar, Condatis, Copil, Cormac,Coronus,Cosunea, Coti, Cotys, Coventina, Coyolxauhqui, Coyopa, Coyote, Crarus, Crataeis,Creidhne, Creirwy, Cripple Boy, Crow, Crow Woman, Cu Chulainn, Cuda, Cuill, Cum hau, Cunawabi, Cunnembeille, Cu roi, Custos, Cuvto-ava, Cybebe, Cybele, Cyclops,Cyhiraeth, Czarnobog, Czerneboch, D'Aulnoy, Daena, Daevas,Dagda, Dagon, Dagwanoenyent, Dahdahwat,Dai-itoku-Myoo, Daikoku, Dakini, Daldal, Dali, Damballah, Damballah-Wedo, Damkina, Damona, Dan, Dana, Danu, Daphnaia, Daphnephoros, Darago, Daramulum, Darzu-mate, Dayang-Raca, Dazhbog, Dazimus,Dea Artio, De Ai, Debena, Deianeira, Deinomache, Deirdre, Delia, Delios, Delphic, Delphinios, Demeter, Dendrites, Deng, Deohako, Derimacheia,Derinoe, Derketo, Despoina, Devana, Devas, Devi, Dewi, Dewi Nawang Sasih, Dewi Shri, Dharma, Dhat-Badan, Dhisana, Dhol, Dian, Diancecht, Diiwica (Dilwica), Di Jun, Dikerotes, Dilga, Dilmun, Dimeter, Dimorphos, Dindymene, Dioktoros, Dionysos, Discordia, Dis Pater, Dissotokos, Dithyrambos, Diti, Diyin dine, Djanggawul Sisters, Djien, Djigonasee, Doda (Dodola), Dogai, Dohkwibuhch, Dolya, Domfe, Dongo, Donn, Doris, Dragoni, Dryope, Duamutef, Duamutef, Dugnai, Dumuzi (Du'uzu), Dunne Enin, Durga, Duttur, Dwyn, Dyaus, Dyaus, Dyaush, Dylan, Dywel, Dzalarhons, Dzalarhons, Ea, Eagentci, Eagle, Earth Shaman, Ebisu,Echephyle,Echidna, Edinkira, Edji, Eeyeekalduk,Efnisien, Efr, Egungun-oya, Ehecatl, Ehlaumel, Eingana, Eiraphiotes, Eithinoha, Eka Abassi, Ekchuah, Ekstatophoros, El, Elatha, Eleemon, Elena, Elephant Girl Mbombe, Eleuthereus, Eleutherios, Ellegua, Emanjah, Emayian, Emma-O, En-Kai, Enda Semangko, Endukugga, Enekpe, Enki, Enlil, Ennosigaios, Ennugi, Enodia, Enodios, Enoplios, Enorches, Enualios, Enumclaw, Eos, Eototo, Epaine, Epidotes, Epikourios, Epipontia, Epitragidia, Epitumbidia, Epona, Erathipa, Erato, Erce, Ereshkigal (Allatu), Ergane, Eribromios, Erigdoupos, Erinus, Eriobea, Eriounios, Eriphos, Eris, Eriskegal, Eriu, Eros, Erzuli, Erzulie, Esaugetuh Emissee, Esceheman, Eschetewuarha, Eseasar, Eshara, Eshmun, Eshu, Esos, Estanatlehi, Estasanatlehi, Estsanatlehi, Esu, Esus, Etin, Etugen,Euanthes, Euaster, Eubouleus, Euboulos, Euios, Eukhaitos, Eukleia, Eukles, Eumache, Eunemos, Euplois, Euros, Eurybe,Euryleia, Eurymedon, Euterpe, Evaki, Evening Star, Ewah, Ewauna, Ezili, Fa, Face, Faces of the Forests, False Faces, Falvara, Famine, Fan K'uei, Faran, Faro, Fastachee, Fates, Fatouma, Faumea,Fedelma, Fei Lien, Fengbo, Feng Pho-Pho, Fenris, Fergus, Fidi Mukullu, Finn, Firanak, Fire Dogs, First Creator, First Man and First Woman, First Scolder, Flint Man, Flood, Flower Woman, Fodla, Fon, Foot Stuck Child, Forseti,Fortuna, Fravashi, Frey, Freyja, Frigga, Fu-Hsi, Fu-Pao, Fudo, Fudo-Myoo, Fu Hsing, Fuji, Fukurokuju, G, Ga'an, Ga-gaah, Gabija, Gahe, Gaia, Gaieokhos, Galea, Galokwudzuwis, Gamelia, Gamelios, Gamostolos, Ganesa (Ganesha), Ganga (Ganges), Ganiklis, Gaoh, Gaomei, Garuda, Gatamdug, Gaumansuri, Gauri, Gauri-Sankar, Gawaunduk, Geezhigo-Quae, Gefion, Gekka-O, Gendenwitha, Genea, Genetaska, Genetor, Genetullis, Genos, Gerda, Geryon, Gestinanna, Gethosynos, Ghanan, Ghede, giants, Gidja, Gigantophonos, Giltine, Giri Devi, Giriputri, Gitche Manitou, Glaukopis, Gleti, Glispa, Glooskap, Gluscabi, Gluskab, Gluskap, Gnowee, Godasiyo, Gode, Goewyn, Gog, Goga, Gohone, Goibhniu, Gonzuole, Gopis, Gorgons, Gorgopis, Govannon, Gozanze-Myoo, Graiae, Grainne, Great Seahouse, Greenmantle, Greine, Grhadevi, griffin, Gua, Guabancex, Guabonito, Guamaonocon, Guan Di, Gucumatz, Gujeswari, Gukumatz, Gula, Gulu, Gunab, Gundari-Myoo, Gunnodoyak,Gwydion, Gwynn ap Nudd, Gyhldeptis, Gymir, Gynaikothoinas, Gynnis, Hacauitz, Hacha'kyum, Hachiman, Hadad, Hagisilaos, Hagnos, Hagondes, Hahgwehdiyu, Haides, Hamatsa, Hamedicu, Hammadi, Hanghepi Wi, Hannahanna, Hantceiitehi, Hanuman, Hao Ch'iu, Haokah, Hapi, Har-pa-khered, Hari-Hara, Hariti, Harke, Harmothoe, harpy, Hastseoltoi, Hastshehogan, Hathor, Hatti, Hauhet, Haumea, Haumia, Ha Wen Neyu, Hbiesso, He'mask’as, Hea, Hegemone, Hegemonios, Heimdall, Hekate, Hekatos, Heket, Hel, Helios, Hellotis, Hen, Heng-o, Hephaistia, Hephaistos, Hera, Heraios, Herakles, Herkeios, Hermes, Hermod, Herne, Heros Theos, Hersos, Hestia, Heteira, Hettsui-No-Kami, Heyoka, Hiawatha, Hiiaka', Hiksios, Hina, Hine, Hine Titama, Hino, Hipp, Hippia, Hippios, Hippoi Athanatoi, Hippolyte, Hippolyte II, Hippomache,Hippothoe, Hiribi, Hisakitaimisi, Ho-Masubi, Hoa-Tapu, Hodur, Hokhokw, Holda, Holle, Honir, Ho Po (Ping-I), Horkos, Horus, Hotei, Hotogov Mailgan, Hotoru, Hou Chi, Hou T'u, Hov-ava, Hsi-shen, Hsiao Wu, Hsieh T'ien-chun, Hsien Nung, Hsi Ling-su, Hsi Shih, Hsi Wang Mu, Hsuan Wen-hua, Hsu Ch'ang, Hu'Gadarn, Hu-Shen, Huang T'ing, Huang Ti, Huehuecoyotl, Huehueteotl, Hugieia, Huh, Huitaca, Huitaca, Huitzilopochtli, Huixtocihuatl, Hulka Devi, Humban, Hummingbird, Hunab Ku, Hunahpu, Hunahpu-Gutch, Hunahpu Utiu, Hunhau, Hun hunahpu, Hun Pic Tok, Huo Pu, Hupatos, Hurakan, Hydra, Hymir, Hypate, Hyperborean, Hypsipyle, Hypsistos, i'noGo tied, Iae, Iakchos, Iarila, Iatiku And Nautsiti, Iatros, Ich-kanava, Ictinike, Idaia, Idliragijenget, Idlirvirisong, Idun, Igaluk, Ignirtoq, Ikanam, Iktomi, Iku, Ilamatecuhtli, Ilankaka, Illapa, Ilyap'a, Ilyap'a, Imana, Imanje, Imset, Ina, Inari, Indra, Ingridi, Innana, Inti, Inti, Inua, Invictus, Io, Ioskeha, Ipalnemohuani, Iphito, Iruwa, Isakakate, Isaywa, Ishigaq, Ishkur, Ishtar, Isis, Isitoq,Ismenios, Ismenus, Issitoq, Isten, Itaba, Itaba, Ite, Ithm,Itonia, Ituana, Itzamn, Itzananohk`u, Itzlacoliuhque, Itzli, Itzpapalotl, Ixbalanque, Ix Chebel Yax, Ixchel, Ixchup, Ixmucane, Ixpiyacoc, Ixtab, Ixtlilton, Ixtubtin, Ixzaluoh, Iya, Iyatiku, Izanagi and Izanami, Iztaccihuatl, Iztacmixcohuatl, Ja-neb'a, Jagganath, Jaguar Night, Jaguar Quitze, Jamaina, Jamshid or Jamshyd, Jandira, Jarina, Jedza, Jehovah, Jen An, Jesus, Jizo Bosatsu, Jizo Bosatsu, Joda-mate, Jogah, Jormungandr, Jubbu-jang-sangne, Julana, Julunggul, Junkgowa, Juok, Jurojin, Jyeshtha, K'in, Ka-ata-killa, Ka-Ha-Si, Ka-Ha-Si, Kaakwha, Kabeiria, Kabeiroi, Kabta, Kabun, Kabun, Kachinas, Kadi, Kadlu, Kagutsuchi, Kaik, Kaiti, Kakia, Kaldas, Kali, Kallinikos, Kallipugos, Kallisti, Kaltes, Kama, Kamado-No-Kami, Kamado-No-Kami, Kami, Kamrusepas, Kan, Kan-u-Uayeyab, Kan-xib-yui, Kana'ti and Selu, Kanaloa, Kanaloa, Kanati, Kane, Kapo, Kapoonis, Kappotas, Karneios, Karora, Karous, Karpophoros, Karttikeya, Karytis, Kataibates, Katakhthonios, Kathatsios, Katsinas, Kauket, Kava, Kawa-No-Kami, Kaya-Nu-Hima, Kazooba, Kebechsenef, Keelut, Keladeine, Keltoi, Keng Yen-cheng, Keraunos, Keretkun,Keridwen, Kernunnos, Kerykes, Ketchimanetowa, Ketq Skwaye, Khadau, Khakaba, Khalinitis, Khalkioikos, Kharmon, Khensu, Khepri, Khera, Khloe, Khlori,Khloris, Khnemu, Khnum, Khonsu, Khonvum,Khruse, Khthonia, Khthonios, Khursun (Khors), Ki (Kiki), Kianto, Kibuka, Kidaria, Kigatilik, Kilya, Kilya, Kingu, King Wan, Kinich Ahau, Kinich Kakmo, Kintu, Kishelemukong, Kishi-Mojin, Kishijoten, Kisin, Kissobryos, Kissokomes, Kissos, Kitcki Manitou, Kitharodos, Kleidouchos, Kleoptoleme, Klymenos, Kmukamch, Ko'lok, Ko Hsien-Weng, 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Tien, Lituolone, Liu Meng, Liu Pei, Ljolsalfs, Lleu Llaw Gyffes, Lludd, Llyr, Llywy, Lo-Tsu Ta-Hsien, Loa, Loco, Logios, Logobola, Loha, Lohasur Devi, Lokhia, Loki, Loko, Lone Man, Long Nose, Lono, Loo-wit, Loon, Loon Medicine, Loon Woman, Lo Shen, Lousia, Loxias, Lo Yu, Lu-pan, Luandinha, Luchta, Lug, Lugh,Lugus, Lu Hsing, Lukaios, Lukeios, Lung Yen, Lupi, Lyaios, Lygodesma, Lykopis, Lyseus, Lysippe, Ma'at, Ma-Ku, Maahes, Mabinogion,Mabon, Macaw Woman, Mac Da Tho, Macha, Macuilxochitl, Madalait, Magni, Magog, Mahiuki, Maho Peneta, Mahucutah, Maimaktes, Mainomenos, Maitresse Amelia, Majestas, Makar, Makara, MakeMake, Makenaima, Maleatas, Malesk, Malina, Malinalxochi, Malsum, Malsumis, Mam, Mama Allpa, Mama Cocha, Mamacocha, Mama Quilla, Manabozho, Manannan, Manasha, Manawydan, Manco Capac, Manetuwak, Mang Chin-i, Mang Shen, Mani'to, Manikos, Man in moon, Manitou, Mannegishi, Mantis, Manu, Manu, Mao Meng, Mapiangueh, Maponos, Marassa, Marduk, Maret-Jikky, Maretkhmakniam, Mari, Mariana, 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sergiojuan2 · 5 years

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Pachacámac (zona arqueológica)

A las nueve de la mañana, después de desayunar, ya estaba dispuesto en la plaza Grau a la espera del autobús con dirección al distrito de Lurín, situado a 30 km. al sur del cercado de Lima.

El recorrido me descubriría una Lima muy diferente. Traspasando el barrio de Surquillo la basura se comenzó a acumular en cualquier rincón, las viviendas lucían oxidados techos de chapa, y el adobe competía con el tocho visto. En villa el Salvador en las desérticas colinas paralelas a la panamericana competían las chabolas con las zonas de cultivo, preguntándome de dónde surgiría el agua para nutrir vegetales y personas.

Pachacámac es una zona arqueológica ubicada la margen derecho del río Lurín, muy cerca del océano Pacífico y frente a un grupo de islas homónimas. Se halla en el distrito de Lurín, en la provincia de Lima. El viaje dura una hora y tenéis que bajaros antes de llegar a la villa, delante de la zona arqueológica bien señalizada, si os pasáis tendréis que recorrer los cuatro kilómetros que las separan. Contiene los restos de diversos edificios que datan desde el siglo lll (intermedio Temprano) hasta el siglo XV (Horizonte Tardío). Aquí se veneró durante 1200 años a Pachacamac, creador del universo y de todo lo que contiene, Dios del trueno y proveedor del agua y el fuego. También se hallaba un antiguo oráculo al que acudieron pueblos desde Ecuador al norte de Chile.

Antes de incorporaros a la zona arqueológica propiamente dicha, os recomiendo que paséis primero por el museo (tenéis que dejar el bolso o mochila en recepción) y se permite fotografiar. Después aseguraros de llevar agua, protector solar, un gorro y disposición a caminar, ya que el circuito tiene más de cuatro Kilómetros. A mitad de camino me di cuenta que yo era de los pocos que lo hacía caminando, ya que según parece se pueden alquilar coches que te llevan, parando en cada una de las construcciones, también observé coches que supuse de circuitos privados, incluso un minibús. Creo que en grupo debe valer la pena, ya que realmente es muy cansado bajo un sol abrasador, pisando arena y con ascensiones potentes.

Voy a intentar conjugar el análisis histórico con la observación de las construcciones, aunque el recorrido no sigue exactamente el desarrollo histórico, por otra, aunque bien documentado en grandes paneles vuelve a necesitar gran dosis de imaginación para percibir las formas originarias. Ninguna de las construcciones se puede visitar su interior, tan solo la del Sol se puede dar una vuelta por su contorno en un segundo nivel.

La ocupación de la zona comienza en el 200 a.C., dado que se ha encontrado un cementerio de esta época, se dedicaban a la pesca y a la agricultura. Su cerámica, denominada estilo El Panel, la conforman básicamente botellas en forma de aves y felinos; también confeccionaban objetos de cobre.

Del 200 al 600 d.C. se desarrolla la cultura Lima (de la que hablé, al igual que de su técnica de construcción del “librero” con adobitos en la Huaca de Pucllana en Miraflores, la única que he podido ascender y que realmente se agradece). Los Lima inician la construcción del santuario con el “Templo viejo”, convirtiéndose Pachacámac en el principal centro administrativo del valle de Lurín. Éste templo primigenio está totalmente destruido y tan solo se pueden ver los restos de sus muros con su característicos adobitos.

A partir del 600 al 1100 d. C. se establece el imperio Wari, siendo con ellos que se desarrolla el apogeo del oráculo de Pachacámac, convirtiéndose el “templo de Pachacamac o templo pintado” en el principal centro religioso y de peregrinación panandino.

El llamado Templo Pintado, conocido como Templo de Pachacamac, es una pirámide escalonada de unos 100 m de largo por unos 50 m de ancho. Al igual que otros edificios su base es de piedra y sus estructuras superiores de adobe, enlucidos todo con una capa fina de barro. Se llega a su cima por un camino en zigzag que asciende por medio de largas rampas, en donde hay dos patios grandes. En tres de sus lados se distinguen nueve terrazas o más bien escalones, algo curvos y de casi un metro de altura. Estas terrazas tenían originalmente sus paredes pintadas en rojo y algunos de sus sectores presentaban figuras multicolores que representaban personas, peces, animales marinos y plantas en rosado, amarillo y azul estas pinturas, descubiertas en 1930 se degradaron con facilidad, en la actualidad hay un desesperado intento de recuperación, al menos para que las del frontis no ocurra lo mismo.

De esta época data un extenso cementerio, excavado por Max Uhle en 1896, que se encuentra al pie y por debajo del Templo de Pachacámac, así como una serie de ofrendas de cerámica halladas en la zona. Uhle creyó apreciar en las cerámicas, textiles y otros artefactos desenterrados, iconografías propias de Tiahuanaco (cultura del altiplano), que hoy sabemos se trata del estilo de la cultura huari, pero que en su momento llegó a teorizar sobre la existencia de un imperio tiahuanacota.

Hacia 1100 d.C., los Ychma establecieron su centro de poder y administrativo en Pachacamac, con una serie de asentamientos alrededor del Río Lurin. De esta época son unos 16 edificios con rampas de acceso, que los arqueólogos han denominado Templos con Rampa o las Nunciaturas, Uhle los denominó palacios. De ellos se observan dos, el resto están totalmente en ruinas. La base de cada una está hecha de piedras canteadas y el resto es de adobe; sus paredes estaban enlucidas.Cuando llegaron los españoles se encontraban en ruinas. El nombre de «nunciatura», se refiere a que eran sedes de las diversas naciones del mundo andino que rendían culto a Pachamac. Eran construcciones con un gran patio delantero y al volumen piramidal se accedía por medio de rampas. Arriba se abre un espacio en forma de herraje con una serie de pequeños ambientes. Detrás existen grandes depósitos para alimentos. La hipótesis tiene bastante retractores, ya que la modificación de escaleras por rampas devino al llevar a los “señores o gobernantes” en andas, nunca a los cónsules o delegados. Aunque cabe la posibilidad de que se hicieran para la visita eventual de éstos, en todo caso, cabe preguntarse dónde estaba el palacio del gobernante de los Icsma y si probablemente siguieron utilizando el Templo pintado como huaca principal de adoración, incluso si las rampas y otras estructuras de este templo fueron aportadas por ellos.

En 1470 los Incas establecieron aquí una importante capital provincial y uno de los principales centros administrativo de la costa, de ellos son las mejores edificaciones conservadas.

El templo del Sol es la pirámide trunca más grande y mejor conservada del conjunto. Se levanta sobre un promontorio rocoso, alcanzó los 40 metros de altura, con cinco plataformas o niveles, desde allí se domina todo el conjunto y toda la costa. Sus bases están constituidas mayormente por muros de piedra canteada y los muros de adobe unidos con argamasa de barro. Tanto las piedras como los adobes estaban enlucidos con capas de tierra fina, con evidencias de haber estado pintado en toda su extensión con color escarlata o bermellón intenso. En la parte que da al mar se distinguen una fila de hornacinas trapezoidales.

Este templo fue saqueado por los españoles, comandados por Hernando Pizarro. Se dice que subieron a la cima de la pirámide, donde se guardaba dentro de una bóveda pequeña, el ídolo del dios Pachacámac, tallado en madera, el cual fue sacado y quemado. El suceso conmovió a los nativos, quienes temieron una catástrofe, sin percatarse que la desgracia era precisamente la llegada de los españoles. En realidad esto se contradice con el hallazgo del ídolo de madera, aunque también hace pensar que los incas tuvieran uno de propio, siendo éste el destruido por los españoles.

Ya expliqué que el ancestral culto a Pachacámac se sincretizó con la veneración al Señor de los Milagros en Lima, llamado también Cristo de Pachacamilla o el señor de los temblores en Cuzco. Os dejo en una fotografía la leyenda de Cavillaca, que explica la formación de las islas.

Bajando del templo del Sol está la Plaza de los Peregrino, un gran espacio rectangular nivelado que contaba con murallas e incluía Incluía el trono (ushnu). Se observa también los fundamentos de una doble hilera de columna que se presume sostenían un techo de totora. Se observa una tercera hilera de columnas en dirección al Templo del Sol.

Templo de la Luna (según Max Uhle) o Mamaconas (según Julio C. Tello). La única construcción restaurada y que se agradece, la belleza de los edificios incas me fascina. Inicialmente comenzó la restauración el economista y maestro Alberto Giesecke en 1938, luego por J.Tello en 1940. Los daños serios que se notan en su estructura fueron causados por el terremoto de 1940 y por otros temblores posteriores. Prejuzgando que la restauración obvió algunos detalles antisísmicos de los maestros constructores incas. Esta casa de las acllas o residencia de las mujeres escogidas, según J.Tello, se sitúa en la parte baja del área (final o principio del recorrido). Presenta graderías, patios, sitios ceremoniales, reservorios de agua, depósitos e innumerables habitaciones. Es este edificio se distingue más claramente la impronta inca: hornacinas, puertas trapezoidales de doble jamba y las pulidas y labradas piedras de sus muros. Una preciosidad.

Otra de las estructuras incas es el Palacio de Tauri Chumpi, asentado sobre un promontorio rocoso, hacia el norte, es la considerada como la residencia de Tauri Chumpi o Taurichumbi, el curaca o gobernador incaico que recibió a Hernando Pizarro.

Tello también descubrió el sistema de acueductos y cisternas que recogían el agua de los estratos acuíferos del subsuelo, uno de los cuales es aún visible al sur del Acllahuasi. También se pude visitar el huerto que presenta las diferentes plantas que se cultivaban en la zona.

Una de las notas interesantes del museo es la explicación gráfica del sistema de contabilidad de los quipus.

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rafaelsdesouza · 7 years

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Como Viracocha, Coniraya Viracocha ensinou humanos. Ele viajou em trapos e muitas vezes foi confundido com um mendigo. Aqueles que não o reconheceram geralmente lhe deram pouco respeito. Durante suas viagens, Coniraya Viracocha ouviu falar sobre uma Huaca virgem e bonita, Cavillaca (ou Cavillace). Quando a viu, ele se apaixonou por ela e a queria desesperadamente, mas ela não queria saber de nada. Um dia, ele viu Cavillaca tecendo sob uma lombra (uma árvore costeira que dá frutas laranja amareladas). Ele mudou para um pássaro, voou para dentro da árvore e colocou sua semente em uma das frutas maduras, depois a deixou cair junto a Cavillaca. Ela comeu a fruta e engravidou. Nove meses depois, ela deu à luz um menino, ainda sem saber como engravidou. Quando a criança tinha um ano de idade, Cavillaca decidiu descobrir quem era seu pai. Ela pediu a ajuda de espíritos masculinos (Vilcas e Huacas) por aí, que se apresentavam esperando reivindicar a paternidade e amor da bela Cavillaca. Discreto entre eles estava Coniraya Viracocha, vestido com seus trapos habituais. Cavillaca perguntou à assembléia qual deles era pai de seu filho, mas ninguém falou. Cavillaca colocou o filho no chão para ver o que o filho de deus iria fazer. Lentamente, a criança engatinhou aos pés de Coniraya Viracocha e ficou agarrada à coxa de seu pai. Furioso em ter um personagem tão horrível para marido, Cavillaca agarrou a criança e fugiu para o mar, oeste (Lima). Lá, perto do local de Pachacamac (ao sul de Lima atual), foi para a água, onde ela e seu filho mudaram para pedra.

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wildfirelcki-blog · 6 years

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📖

STORIES & FAIRYTALES — Accepting

@liikesomekindaphxntom

“A story? Fine. Let me tell you about the Magical Fruit, which is, I believe, a story from Midgard... Once upon the time when powerful magicians lived on your Earth, Coniraya was the most powerful. With his wand, he turned mountains into prairies, created water where there was none, made the strong weak and the tall small. Sometimes, because he loved jokes and tricks, he simply set out to find funny pranks to do. At the time Coniraya was the most powerful magician, Cavillaca was the most beautiful woman. She was so beautiful that every man who met her immediately wanted to marry her. But Cavillaca was proud: no one was handsome or powerful enough for her ; and she refused to get married. One day Coniraya was talking a walk, diguised in a simple poor Indian man, he saw Cavillaca sitting under a tree and, like everyone else, he wanted to marry her. “Good day to you, beautiful Cavillaca”, he told her. But she kept her eyes staring down at her sewing work. Coniraya thus had the idea to pull a prank on her. A moment later, he became a large bird which magnificent feathers glimmered in the colors of the rainbow. He extended his wings and landed on the lucuma above Cavillaca and started to sing. But Cavillaca kept her eyes staring down at her sewing work.Coniraya had another idea. He casted a spell on a fruit hanging from the lucuma. It was a beautifully golden orange fruit, perfectly ripe. He buried inside it a powerful spell before gently dropping it in Cavillaca’s bosom. The fruit looked so amazing that she took a hold of it. It smelled so good she took a bite. It tasted so nice she devoured it whole. She did not suspect it to be enchanted!Months went by and, because the fruit was bewitched, Cavillaca gave birth to a little boy. It was a baby happy, smiling, of a rare beauty, whom she loved with all her heart. But, as curious as she was, she wondered who casted a spell on her to give her this baby? How was he conceived? When? Days after days, she thought about this mystery. Finally, when her son reached one year old and knew how to crawl, she decided to find the father of this beautiful child and marry him for it could only be an excessively handsome and powerful man. Consequently, she summoned all of the most powerful magicians of this world. Of course, everyone arrived dressed to the nines, hoping Cavillaca would notice them. Everyone but Coniraya! Once again, he had put on his worn out clothes to look like a poor Indian.The reunion started. Carrying her baby in her arms, Cavillaca got up, proud and gorgeous. “Until this day, she said, I always refused to get married. But today, I solemnly swear to marry the father of my child, did he make himself known.” No one spoke. No move moved. “Since no one is speaking, my son will, she declared. He will recognize his father and go towards him.” Upon those words, she put the baby down. Immediately, he crawled towards the miserable Indian man and, once he got to his feet, looked up at him and held his arms out. The proud Cavillaca burst out in anger: she did not want to marry a poor Indian! She rushed to her baby, held him against her and shouted:“Despite my promise, I can never marry this poor man! I would rather die!” Hugging her son, she ran away.“Stop! Come back! Coniraya begged. Things are not always what they seem!”But Cavillaca ignored him: she kept running. Thus, Coniraya hit the ground with his empty wand and, in the blink of an eye, he was dressed in a sumptuous, blinding golden attire. “Beautiful Cavillaca, he went, turn around! Look at me and how handsome I am.”But she kept running. Both terrified by Cavillaca stubborn pride and sorry about the trick he had played on her, Coniraya ran after her. As she heard him getting closer, she mustered up her own magic and hid herself from him before resuming her run. Coniraya could not tell where Cavillaca was but decided to find her no matter what it took. He ran and ran, asking those he met. But it was vain. But after some time, luck favored him: he met the Condor. The bird had seen Cavillaca and could help him find the path she took. Coniraya blessed him:“I give you the power to fly over the valleys and find food wherever you are. Cursed be those who kill the Condor!” Coniraya resumed his chase and luck was on his side again: he met the Falcon who also had seen Cavillaca. Coniraya blessed him: “I give you the power to rise over the peaks. By their chants and danses, Indians will always celebrate the Falcon.”Coniraya resumed his chase and luck was, once again, on his side: he met the Puma who could also show him the way Cavillaca went. Coniraya blessed him again:“I give you power over every other living creature. Always and everywhere, the Indians will honor the Puma.”Coniraya resumed his chase and finally reached the sea. He saw Cavilliaca running down the beach. He called her but she did not turn back. Gathering her powers once more, and holding her son tighter in her arms, she threw herself into the waves. One moment later, the beautiful Cavillaca and her beautiful baby were gone. Both had disappeared. In their place, two rocks, a big and a smaller one, nestled against one another under the caress of the waves. And that is all.”

#liikesomekindaphxntom#L ♔ reply #liikesomekindaphxntom

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