#hatice hatun daughter of orhan

[1533-secrets-from-history]

Mistakes in Magnificent Century part I

In part I I would like to speak about mistakes they made while writing characters. Their ages, titles, origins etc.

Let's start with Ayse Hafsa Sultan:

Several things about her were done wrong. First of all, She was not Crimean princess. There are two possibilities that although contradicts one another counters her royal origin. 1. There was another concubine named Ayse,who was daughter of Crimean khan, while she was called Ayse Hafsa for that reason 2.( I agree with that possibility more ) there was no concubine from Crimean family Sultan Bayazid would never let Selim, who was not his favourite, to gain such allie, nor would khan of Crimea risk to marry her daughter to non-favoired prince. Besides, Selim did not have much of a support from Crimea during his Rebellion.

As we more or less agreed that Ayse Hafsa was not Crimean, now we have to agree on where she was from. Legendary mother of the Magnificent sultan was actually converted slave of Caucasian origin, therefore she was either Circassian or Georgian.

Third thing about her is her title. Screenwriters both demoted and promoted her in this case. She was not "Valide Sultan" as we know today, first holder of that title would be Nurbanu 40 years after her death. She was Sultan and respected mother Padisah yes,but those two honours never joined for her. She was simply " Mother of Sultan Suleiman",who had title of Sultan instead of Hatun. While Nurbanu was full fledged "Valide Sultan" and was addressed so. Despite not being Valide Sultan, she was the first slave in Ottoman history, who was elevated to Status of Sultan that was never underlined in the show.

Other mistakes about her are how they represented her pre-1520 life, which I will discuss in Part 3 about "Titles, ranks and traditions" and her relationship with daughters- in law, that will be discussed in part 2, that will be specifically about relationships.

2. Ages of Suleiman's sister.

In the show Suleiman Seems to be older, followed by Sah or beyhan, Fatma being somewhat middle and Hatice as baby of the Family, while actually going backwards. One thing I want to make clear is that all the full sisters of sultan were older than them(before 1522 of course), half sister could have been either younger or older. So Fatma, Beyhan and Hatice despite being portrayed as younger sisters were definitely older. A more accurate sequence would be:

Hatice- c. 1490

Fatma: 1491-92

Beyhan: most likely 1493

Suleiman: 1494

Hafsa: 1495

Sah-huban: 1500

Suleiman also had at least three brothers orhan, salih, who seemed to be older than Suleiman, a sister who likely died during childhood and Shehzade sultan or Hanim sultan, who was either another sister or perhaps she never existed and all the little sources about her is actually about hatice.

3. Origin of Sah Huban Sultan.

She was not the daughter of Hafsa and older sister of Hatice, she was actually the youngest of shown siblings,born as the only child of an unknown concubine registered as " The mother of Sah Huban Sultan".

4. Origin of Hurrem

In the show she was portrayed to be Crimean and was addressed as " Russian slave" numerous times. However, she was actually from Ruthenia, it was then part of the Polish crown, now it's part of Ukraine, so definitely not Russian.

5. Forgotten Children

Apart from the six children that were shown in the show, Suleiman had four other children. Three sons and a daughter.

Shehzade Mahmud and Shehzade Murad were born before Hurrem arrived and had different mothers. Mahmud was the eldest born in 1512, Murad was younger than Mustafa born in 1519. Raziye was born between 1513 and 1518, but most likely she was born in 1513-14 as she seems to be the second child and old enough to be considered Mahidevran's(which is by the way false). All three of them died in 1521 as the result of the plague.

The fourth child Shehzade Abdullah was born as the fourth child of Hurrem and Suleiman, born in 1525 and died in 1528. His date of birth is kind of troubling, some historians argue if he was born in 1525,some even say he was Mihrimah's twin, but considering no birth of twins registered, definite ages of other kinds and his appearance in Hurrem's letters Abdullah seems to be born in 1525.

6. Nurbanu's Triplets

Mistakes about the birth of Selim I daughters are more or less clear, let's speak about Selim II as well.

In the show, triplets- Sah, Esmahan and Gevherhan were introduced as younger twin sisters of shehzade Murad. In reality, all three were older but certainly not twins, Sah was not even Nurbanu's daughter, she shared the birth year with Gevherhan though, both were born in c.1544, then was Esmahan in 1545, Murad in 1546, at this point Nurbanu stopped giving birth to any more kids, last of Selim II's kids was Fatma born in 1559.

7. Origin and death of Gulfem hatun

In "Magnificent century" Gulfem is portrayed as Suleiman's first concubine, who bore a son,but lost everything after he died. In reality, Gulfem was one of the highest ranking harem managers, whom Suleiman trusted Hurrem to, she was overseeing her education and well-being, bonding with future Haseki Sultan in the process. Gulfem actually became the closest friend and Confidant of Hurrem, about which I will speak about in part II.

Her death was also portrayed inaccurately. She was not killed for the attempted murder of Suleiman, The closest rumor to it is him executing Gulfem for rejecting him,but she actually died of old age. Suleiman had no reason to execute Gulfem,there is a version were Gulfem exchanges her Night to other concubine to for money to build complex,but there are so many flaws in this theory:

1. There was no such thing in harem as "my turn and your turn"

2. It was strictly against the traditions to call harem servant, especially one from the highest ranks, and considering when it happened in kate nineteen-early twentieth century at caused some probmens,which means tradition was never broken before

3. Gulfem had right to send concubine to Suleiman and even reject one already chosen.

4. Suleiman had no known concubine that time

5. Gulfem was not building anything as all of her projects was already finished.

6. Even if she was building something, it would cost so much mere concubine would never have enough money to help it. Gulfem's daily stipend was 150 akches, which is almost four times as much as Mahidevran's and almost as much as imperial princesses', while titles concubines were receiving 1-6 depending on their status.

7. Even if she needed something she would ask it to either Suleiman, Mihrimah or Sah huban as we know it had happened before and they thought her as family member.

8. Even if we just jump these 7 reasons and somehow accept that Suleiman realy called her that night , he would never kill her for that, she broke no rule, she needed money for project, he would understand this.

9. Gulfem was childhood friend of Suleiman, she was already a high ranking woman when mahidevran came,so she was certainly older than her,who was likely born in 1498-99, she was even older than Suleiman most likely. She was a childhood friend of one of Suleiman's sisters so her date of birth could vary from 1490 to 1493. That would make her between 69 and 72 in 1562. Dieing at such age is nothing strange even today, live past 60 was actually achievement in her era. There is no need to look for intrigue where there is none. Several theory existed,but show chose most dramatic one,that happened to be least likely.

8. Safiye's arrival

I have nothing against the portrayal of her origin, but about how she got in Murad's harem. Accord- ing to MC she was Mihrimah's gift. However,in real life she was raised and educated at Humaşah sultan's court,who later gifted Sifiye(then called Meleki) to her cousin.

9. History of Kösem

In Magnificent Century Kosem young Anastasia was kidnapped as a gift of Safiye to Ahmed per his accession. Actually, Kösem, then called Mahpeyker, was a servant of Handan Sultan and met Ahmed in his mother's personal Gardens. Ahmed developed a "Childhood crush" towards her and Handan,aware of what it could cause, had Kösem beaten up and exiled. When Ahmed ascended her recalled her and brought back.

10. Another forgotten child.

In the show, Şehzade Mehmed died without any kids, while in reality, he had a posthumous daughter born in 1543 named Humaşah. Who grew up to be one of the most powerful women in the Ottoman empire. She was one of two favourite grandchildren of Suleiman and Hurrem and due to the death of her father, she was raised in the household of her grandmother, so she would have been deeply involved in their later life. However, her existence was completely cut out, while the role and importance of Ayse Humaşah, daughter of Mihrimah Sultan was reduced into nothingness.

[ottomanladies]

Ottoman Princesses named: Hatice

Hatice is the Turkish equivalent of the Arabic name Khadija, the name of the first wife of Prophet Muhammad. As such, it was one of the most popular names in the Ottoman Dynasty both for princesses and consorts.

[fatihdaily]

Did Mehmed have sisters ? Or brothers ?

Yes, he had.

Firstly, Alderson lists 5 (+ one uncertain) brothers and 6 sisters.

He provides only one name for the eldest sister on his list, Fatma, but lists the names of almost all brothers: Ahmed (Elder), Alaeddin Ali, Hasan, Orhan, Ahmed (Younger) and only one unnamed.

Uluçay lists 4 daughters of Murad II and provides the following names: Erhondu, Fatma, Hatice and Şehzade. I will now try to provide some information on the siblings.

Note 1: Even after carrying out extensive research, it is hard to provide a lot of information in cases of women and children who die young in that era. Daughters were often not even recorded and if they were most common information was birth and death dates and marriages. Often even names are lost.

Note 2: Sources are behind the cut

Brothers 

Ahmed (Elder)  [Büyük Ahmed] - He was born in 1420. He was appointed governor of Amasya, where he died unexpectedly in 1437. Mehmed succeeded him as Amasya’s governor.

Alaeddin Ali -  born in 1430. John Freely in his biography of Mehmed II mentions that Ali’s mother was Murad II’s favourite wife, Hatice Halime Hatun. Ali first served as governor of Manisa, then in 1439 Murad II decided to switch Mehmed and Alaeddin, so that Alaeddin got sent to Amasya, and Mehmed to Manisa. Ali was said to be Murad II’s favourite son and was described as “distinguished by courage and astuteness” and “powerful physique that (…) called for admiration” (Babinger). In 1443, Ali was summoned by his father to join him on a campaign. After the campaign ended, he parted with Murad in Bursa, after which a mysterious tragedy took place. Kara Hizir Pasha was sent to Amasya after the prince and strangled Ali in his own bed, together with his two young sons, aged six and eighteen months. Babinger notes that Western and Ottoman sources stress that Murad was in great pain after the loss of Ali. He also requested to be buried next to his favourite son after his death. Alderson lists the deaths of Ali and his sons as possible executions and suggests Murad II might have ordered the death of his son and grandsons. On the other hand, Freely makes a suggestion that Ali’s murder might have been ordered by someone wanting to clear the way to the throne for Mehmed. Nothing is however proven, the only certain thing is that s a result of this mysterious and unresolved tragedy Mehmed became the heir to the throne. 

Hasan - we only know that he was born in 1444.

Orhan - we only know that he died in 1451, the year Mehmed II ascended the throne. However, Alderson lists him as possible execution, not a certain one as in case of Ahmed (the Younger). Alderson makes a note that he should not be confused with Şehzade Orhan, who was a son of Bayezid I and was held as a hostage in Byzantium.

Ahmed (the Younger) [Küçük Ahmed] - he was born in 1450 and was executed upon the order of his brother when Mehmed ascended the throne. Hiis mother was Hatice Halime Hatun. When Mehmed was talking with Hatice Halime Hatun, one of his men was strangling his half-brother in the bath. Mehmed then married Hatice Halime to Ishak Bey, beylerbey of Anatolia. Freely comments that Küçük Ahmed was the last of Mehmed’s brothers, so it can be deduced that Hasan and Orhan had died by the time of Ahmed’s execution. Alderson mentions that the Court was so shocked by what happened to the fifteen-month-old child that Mehmed put the blame on the person who had executed his order and sentenced him to death.

Unnamed - Alderson provides only death date in 1496, but states the existence of this brother is very unlikely, and the person mentioned in documents is likely a son of another member of the dynasty than Murad II.

Sisters

Erhondu - she was married to Yakup Bey. We do not know her date of birth, marriage, death or whether she had children, only that she died before her husband. 

Fatma - again, no death or birth dates provided. Babinger and Alderson state that her husband was Zaganos Mehmed Pasha, but Uluçay states it is wrong and based on archives from Bursa documenting people living there provides that her husband was in fact Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha and they had a son called Mehmed Celebi.

Hatice - we know nothing about her except name and that she is buried in Bursa next to her father. Possibly one of unnamed sisters listed below.

Şehzade - wife of Sinan Bey. She founded a village in Yenişehir in her husband’s name and a soup kitchen in Edirne in her name. Şehzade also founded a vakf in her village that offered help to people in Holy Cities. Uluçay states she died in 1480 and was buried in Sultan Alâeddin’s tomb. It is possible that she was one of the unnamed daughters of Murad II listed by Alderson, since Alderson has one unnamed daughter married to Koca Sinan Pasha, and Babinger once mentions that a reference to certain Sinan Bey could mean Koca Sinan Pasha, a husband to one of Mehmed’s sisters and the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire for two years. Alderson provides the date of death for this sister as 1486.

Unnamed sister - married in 1440 Emir Kemaleddin Ismail, son of Ibrahim II of Karaman and Selçuk Hatun, daughter of Mehmed I (grandfather of Mehmed II) with whom she had two sons: Hasan and Yahya.

Unnamed sister - married to Kasim Kavameddin, uncle to Emir Kemaleddin Ismail.

Unnamed sister -  married to a certain Mehmed, son of Haran.

Unnamed sister - married Isa Bey in 1470. Angiolello calls her a “mad sadist”. Babinger speculates she could be a full sister of Mehmed, thus Hüma Hatun’s daughter.

- Joanna

Sources:

- Alderson, Anthony Dolphin. The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Greenwood Press, 1982.

- Babinger, Franz. Mehmed the Conqueror and his time. Princeton Univ. Press, 1992.

- Freely, John. Grand Turk: Sultan Mehmet II–Conqueror Of Constantinople And Master Of An Empire. Overlook, 2009.

- Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay. Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara, Ötüken. 2011.

[ottomanladies]

Ottoman princesses who made intra-dynastic marriages -- requested by anon

[ottomanladies]

Can you explain the political marriages between the Ottoman dynasty and the giray dynasty? Some sources claim that Salim's daughter is married to Saadat giray. Can you give me more information about Salim I Harem?

By some sources, I guess you mean Alderson, as he is the only one I could find that says this: un unnamed daughter of Selim I's married Mengili Giray's son and successor, Saadat Giray Han, and had a son with him called Ahmed.

Sakaoğlu doesn't seem to believe this because he could not find any information about this princess, not even when she died or where she was buried.

I have already described Selim I's harem but it's been such a long time and in the meantime I have done some more digging so I am going to talk about it once more.

The harem of Selim I

Consorts

Alderson wrote that he [Selim I] had four wives, three of whom were named Ayşe, Hafsa, and Taçlı Hatun. He claimed that the last one’s name was unknown. Even if he wrote that Ayşe was the daughter of the Crimean Khan, that she was married to Mehmed, Bayezid II’s son, and that Selim married her upon Mehmed’s death at a young age, it is not true. Because we know that during the reigns of Bayezid II and Selim I, Mehmed’s mother and wife were paid and stayed in the Old Palace. According to Hafsa Sultan’s endowment, the woman’s name was Ayşe. Therefore, it is highly likely that Ayşe and Hafsa were the same person. Taçlı Hatun was married at the end of the Çaldıran War to Tacizade Cafer Çelebi. Lütfi Pasha, who participated in this war, described it most clearly in his history. However, even if it is understood from the letters Hafsa Sultan wrote to Yavuz Sultan Selim that Yavuz had other wives other than her, their names cannot be determined. — M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları

Ayşe Hafsa Hâtûn (later Vâlide-Sultân): concubine of slave origins, her origins are obscure:

It took the Ottoman populace a long while to discard the assumption that the mothers of princes and princesses were all royally born. This reluctance, present even today, helps to explain why legend has long claimed Suleyman’s mother Hafsa to be a Giray Tatar princess. Hafsa may well have hailed from the northern Black Sea region or even been a gift of the Tatar khan to the Ottoman court, but she was in fact a captive convert of modest origins, like virtually every woman in the imperial harem at the time when she entered it, probably the early 1490s. The tenacious story of Hafsa’s royal Tatar pedigree probably has something at least to do with a different sort of association she enjoyed with the Crimean Khanate. Hafsa accompanied Suleyman on his first political assignment as prince when in 1509 he was appointed, at the age of fifteen, to serve as governor of Caffa. The city was capital of a ribbon of territory running along the southeastern shores of the Crimean peninsula that constituted a province under direct Ottoman rule. In Caffa, Suleyman and his mother doubtless had contact with the Tatar authorities, perhaps with the khan himself. — Peirce, Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

She is sometimes called also Hafisa or Hafiza. She was the mother of Süleymân I, Hatice Sultan, Fatma Sultan and possibly Beyhan or Hafsa Sultan. Ayşe Hafsa was the first concubine to receive the title of sultan, therefore making her the first valide sultan. She was also the first woman to build an imperial mosque complex, the Sultaniye in Manisa.

Children

The same mystery that surrounds Selim I's consorts also surrounds his sons. According to tradition, he supposedly killed them all except for Süleymân after he had designated him as heir. Another theory holds that all his other sons simply died in childhood and that Süleymân was the only prince to survive into adulthood.

Süleymân I (27.4.1494/1495 - 7.9.1566): 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Şehzade Orhan (1500?-1510?)

Şehzade Musa and Şehzade Korkut: died little

Alderson instead calls Selim I’s other sons: Abdullah, Murad and Mahmud

His daughters are also a matter of discussion among historians: from their number to their actual names, nothing is set in stone so far.

Gevherhan Sultan (1494?-?): figures only in Öztuna. She married İsfendiyâroğlu Dâmâd Sultân-zâde Mehmed Bey, the son of her aunt Fatma (daughter of Bayezid II)

Hatice Sultan (before 27.4.1494-1582?): Öztuna believes that her second name was Hanım. As Ayşe Hafsa's daughter, she must have been older than Süleymân. Her marriages and children are a matter of speculation:

according to Dumas and Turan, she married Bostancıbaşı İskender Paşa in 1508; widowed in 1515, she married Çoban Mustafa Paşa in 1517. Mustafa Paşa was, for the occasion, elevated to the rank of vizier

That she married İbrâhîm Paşa is a tradition that has long since been dispelled.

With her first husband, she had Sultân-zâde Mehmed-Şâh Bey, Sultân-zâde Süleymân Bey, Sultân-zâde ‘Alî Bey, Nefîse Hanım-Sultân and Sultân-zâde Kara ‘Osman-Şâh Bey/Paşa (1510?-1567/68), though ‘Osman-Şâh is sometimes ascribed to her sister Hafsa. It is not certain if Sultân-zâde Mehmed-Şâh Bey (1525?-?), and X Hanım-Sultân were her children from her second marriage as Mehmed-Şâh was also the name of İbrâhîm Paşa's son with his wife Muhsine Hatun. Hânım Hanım-Sultân is buried in Hürrem Sultan's tomb and called Hatice Sultan's daughter on her plaque. We don't know when she was born but she lived long enough to be married to a Abdü'l-Kerîm Bey.

Fatma Sultan (before 27.4.1494-1556): daughter of Ayşe Hafsa, she had three husbands during her life: Mustafa Paşa, governor of Antalya, but the marriage was dissolved because he was homosexual. Her second husband was Grand Vizier Kara Ahmed Paşa, possibly married in 1532, who was executed on 28 September 1555. Her third and final husband was Hâdim İbrâhîm Paşa, a eunuch, and possibly a love match. She was buried in the mausoleum of her second husband, Ahmed Paşa. All her marriages were childless.

Beyhan Sultan (?-before 1559): if she was Ayşe Hafsa's daughter, she must have been born before 1494. She married Ferhâd Paşa, former chief of the Janissaries and afterwards governor of Rumelia, of Damascus and ultimately second vizier. He was executed by her brother Süleymân I in 1524. She seems to have re-married after 1524, to a Mehmed Paşa with which she had İsmihân Hanım-Sultân. According to Dumas, İsmihân was Ferhâd Paşa's daughter and Beyhan never remarried. Beyhan is also called Peykhan in some harem documents.

Hafsa (or Hafisa) Sultan (1500?-1538?): she was born in Trabzon. According to Uluçay, Ayşe Hafsa was her mother (though this would make her date of birth earlier than 1494). Her first husband was Grand Vizier Dukaginzade Ahmed Paşa, whom Selim I executed in 1515, according to Sakaoğlu. According to Uluçay, she married İskender Paşa, former bostâncıbaşı; Öztuna, on the other hand, claims she had married an unnamed Ağa, and Selim I's bostâncıbaşı. Her second husband is a matter of discussion as well:

Öztuna claims she married Gaazî Çoban Mustafa Paşa (but it seems that he was married to Hatice)

According to Alderson, Dumas and Sakaoğlu, she instead married Boşnak Mustafa Paşa

According to Alderson and Sakaoglu, she had only one son: Sultân-zâde Kara ‘Osman-Şâh Bey/Paşa. Hafsa Sultan died on 10 July 1538 and was buried in the Sultan Selim Mosque.

Şah, Şah-i Huban or Devlet-Şah Sultan (??-1572): daughter of an unknown concubine who resided in the Old Palace as late as 1556, therefore giving credit to Uluçay's theory that Selim I had more consorts other than Ayşe Hafsa but that we lost their names. She married Lutfî Paşa around 1523 and had İsmihân Hanım-Sultân with him. She was a very pious person:

Suleyman’s sister Shah Sultan would prove a prolific patron, although of relatively modest projects (over the course of her long lifetime, she endowed three mosques, three dervish lodges, and other smaller structures in three different Istanbul neighborhoods) — Peirce, Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

Her brother Süleymân I granted her a divorce after Lutfî Paşa had tried to hit her:

Shah was wed to the Albanian Lutfi Pasha, grand vizier from 1539 until his dismissal and forced retirement in 1541. The rupture was precipitated by an argument between the couple over Lutfi’s harsh punishment of a prostitute, possibly possibly circumcision or the branding of her genitals. In the heat of dispute, the vizier committed an unpardonable act—he struck his princess wife, grounds for their divorce and his banishment. A notable patron of dervishes, Shah continued to observe her sufi piety through further endowments. — Peirce, Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

After her divorce, she did not remarry and instead retired in the Old Palace.

Şehzade or Sultanzade Sultan (??-??): her existence is proven by harem records of the Old Palace, where she figures with her daughter, Ayşe. According to Uluçay, she was married to Çoban Mustafa Paşa but that seems impossible, as Çoban Mustafa Paşa seems to have been Hatice Sultan's second husband. He also says that he died in 1527-28 but he actually died in 1529. Uluçay also called her Hanım.

According to Öztuna, a granddaughter of Selim I firstly married Grand Vizier Koca Sinân Paşa and then married in 1596 Dâmâd Güzelce Mahmûd Paşa, but the marriage lasted less than a year because she died in June 1597. Dâmâd Güzelce Mahmûd Paşa would later become Murad III’s daughter Ayşe’s third husband. Another granddaughter married Pertev Paşa and had a son with him called Ahmed who died before his father. I could not verify these claims but maybe one of these granddaughters was Şehzade's daughter.

[ottomanladies]

The fate of Murad IV’s second haseki sultan

The second haseki sultan of Murad IV does not have a name for now, not even a date of birth or of death, so tracing her life is very difficult. The only information we have is Peirce's, who found her in harem registers:

“Privy purse registers record the presence of a single haseki, Ayşe, until the very end of Murad's seventeen-year reign, when a second haseki appears. It is possible that Murad had only a single concubine until the advent of the second, or that he had a number of concubines but singled out only one as haseki. If Ayşe was his only concubine, it is possible that it was fear of lack of male issue that prompted the sultan to take another, for his sons all died in infancy. [...] Murad’s second haseki started her career at a stipend of 2,571 aspers a day, while the first haseki received 2,000; seven months later, however, the stipend of the second had been reduced to 2,000, the level at which both remained until Murad’s death.” -- Peirce, The Imperial Harem

I have already talked about why I think this nameless concubine was elevated to the rank of haseki sultan and why she received a higher stipend so I am not going to repeat myself here (you can read my post here if you're interested), but one of the most confusing bits about her is that she seems to disappear after Murad IV's death. While Ayşe lived well into Mehmed IV's reign (Peirce found receipts of stipends given to Ayşe in 1678-79), the second haseki is not listed as a recipient of a stipend.

Of course she could have died or the documents where she was listed could have been lost or did not survive, there's always this possibility when studying history, but what if she was married off to a statesman?

We know, thanks to Venetian ambassador Giacomo Querini, that Sultan Ibrahim's legal wife, Haseki Hümaşah Sultan, did re-marry after his death:

“… Ibrahim Pasha, Caimacan [governor] of Constantinople for the fifth time, a man of considerable presence, of sweet genius and placid costume. He holds in marriage the Telì Sultana, the King’s stepmother..."    (my translation)

This relation was read in the Venetian Senate in 1676 and the present tense used by Querini seems to indicate that Hümaşah Sultan was still alive at that time.

That Hümaşah Sultan re-married (or was forced to re-marry) is very interesting: she was a legal wife, of haseki rank and she had been the mother of a prince; she was not a low-ranking concubine or a member of the harem who had never become a consort. The reason she re-married was - most probably - to save the money of her stipend: the Old Palace was most probably crowded at this point, as Murad IV's consorts were still alive. Ibrahim had had eight haseki sultans and most probably several concubines of low rank; all of those women were supposed to receive a stipend and the imperial treasury was already strained.

Hümaşah, though, was not the only former consort to re-marry in Ottoman history:

Hatice Hatun, consort of Mehmed II and daughter of his tutor and vizier, married a pasha after his death (probably because she was a noblewoman and not a slave)

Uluçay states that many of Murad III's consorts were married off after his death, two concubines per statesman (probably because there was too many of them)

several consorts of Mustafa II were intimated to choose husbands after his deposition, among them even Afife Kadin, who had a daughter alive at the moment (but no sons, as they had all died in infancy) 

The other reason she had to re-marry is, in my opinion, that she did not have children or specifically, sons. The only child of hers we know of is Şehzâde Orhan who, according to Öztuna, died in 1650 at the age of 1, while Sakaoğlu maintained he died six months after Ibrahim's own death. In any case, I think it's safe to say that at the time of her second marriage her son was not alive.

Lastly, it was pointed out by Majer that:

“This traditional measure honoured the husbands and reduced the costs of the harem. One of the cariyes had been solemnly transferred to the palace of the Grand Vezir Elmas Mehmed Pasha early in the reign, when there was not yet a daughter that could be married to him as a token of high sultanic grace and esteem. Thus the harem functioned as the enlarged sultanic family, as a reservoir for honouring distinguished officials and binding them to the dynasty”

He’s talking about Mustafa II’s harem but I think this could apply to every case in which former consorts were married off. In Hümaşah’s case, it was possibly done because Mehmed IV was a child and therefore did not have any daughters he could have married to statesmen. 

Now, back to Murad IV's second haseki: I believe that her stipend was reduced, during Murad IV's reign, because she had not given birth to a son or because her son had died. If she disappeared right after Murad IV's death (?), I think she could have been married off. This would explain why Peirce could not find her anymore in harem registers and why no one talked about her. As with Hümaşah, Ibrahim did not have any children when he assumed the throne so some of Murad IV’s consorts could have acted as “the enlarged sultanic family”.

Of course this is just conjecture, I do not have evidence that this actually happened but I thought it was interesting enough to share. I believe that the dispatches of the ambassadors who were in Istanbul when Murad IV died - notably Alvise Contarini, Girolamo Trevisan and Pietro Foscarini - could shed a light on the fate of his consorts, but at the moment I am not in possession of them.

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the family of Osman I

Consorts:

Mal Hatun: she was the daughter of Ömer Bey or Umur Bey, possibly the ruler of the Umuri or Amouri principality. According to the Byzantine historian Pachymeres, “a son of Umur fought with Osman in one of his first raids against local Byzantine lords”, which may explain the marriage between Osman and Mal Hatun as a political alliance. Mal Hatun was the mother of Osman’s successor Orhan, and she actually outlived her husband as she was buried in the family tomb around Osman’s grave in Bursa (when Osman died, Bursa had not been captured yet so for a time he was buried near his father’s tomb in Soğut). It is not known when she died.

Rabia or Bala Hatun: she may have been the daughter of Şeyh Ede Balı. She is sometimes called Malhun as well. She was the mother of Alâeddin Bey and she spent the last years of her life with her father. She died in Bilecik in 1324 and was buried next to her father's tomb.

"Osman, who had at least five or six sons and at least one daughter, may have had other wives in addition to Mal Khatun and Edebali's daughter. A historical tradition regarding the acquisition of one of Osman's wives calls to mind the Turkish nomadic practice of acquiring women through raids on neighboring tribes. As the story goes, one day on his way to Eskisehir. Osman caught sight of a woman in the village of ltburnu, fell in love with her, and, without telling his father, sent someone to ask for her in marriage. She refused on the grounds that she was not worthy of him, although this may have been an excuse, since there were rumors that Osman intended only a brief dalliance with her. Osman was spurred to kidnap the woman when an erstwhile ally of his, listening to his description of her manifold virtues, decided to take her for himself. Although the sources confuse this woman with Mal Khatun and Edebali's daughter, she was clearly a person of lesser status. The details of the story indicate that the kidnapping occurred when Osman was quite young and before he had gained more than a local reputation. Women of standing themselves, selves, Edebali's daughter and Mal Khatun probably married a more mature and powerful Osman." -- Leslie P. Peirce. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire

Children:

A son: probably Osman's eldest son, he was given to the Selçuk Sultan Gıyâsüddîn III Keyhusrev to be raised in his household when Ertuğrul Gaazî stipulated a peace treaty with him. He had descendants who were alive at the time in which Bayezid I conquered Malatya.

Orhan Gaazî (1281-3.1362): second ruler of the Ottoman dynasty

Alâeddîn Alî Bey (1290?-1331/1333): son of Bala Hatun, he was made governor of Bilecik. He built a mosque complex in Bursa. He had a son Kiliç Bey. His last descendant died in 1530

Fatma Hatun: she was named in the foundation deed of her brother Orhan. We know nothing about her.

Savci Bey: his son, Suleyman Bey, married Hatice Hatun, daughter of Orhan Gaazî.

Melik Bey: had a daughter called Melek

Çoban Bey: he built a mosque in Bursa.

Hamîd Bey: there is no information about him

Pazarli Bey: commander of his brother Orhân Gaazî. He had a daughter, and two sons: Ilyas Bey and Murad Bey.

sources:

M. Çağatay Uluçay, Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları

Leslie P. Peirce. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire

Yılmaz Öztuna, Devletler ve Hanedanlar Cilt 2

Necdet Sakaoğlu, Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları

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The daughters of Mehmed III

As it is known, Mehmed III's reign is quite obscure when we talk about his family: his consorts were overshadowed by Safiye Sultan and of his daughters we don't even know their names.

However, recently I have encountered some bits of information about Mehmed III's daughters that got me thinking:

“A privy purse register from 1622 gives the names of five unmarried princesses, who may be daughters of Ahmed, Osman II, and even Mehmed III: Umm-i Külsum, Hanzade, Halime, Fatma, and Akile.” – Baki Tezcan, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622)

So, Hanzade and Fatma are Ahmed I's daughters as Hanzade was married in 1623 and Fatma in 1624. Umm-i Külsum is a different transliteration of Ümmügülsüm, but this is everything I have to say about this princess; the next Ümmügülsüm Sultan was a daughter of Ibrahim's but it is not clear whether he had a connection with this first princess or not.

On the contrary, the other two princesses - Halime and Akile - have very interesting names: neither names are dynastic, which would prompt me to say that they had a meaning to the sultan whose daughters they were. I am very big champion of this because dynastic names are common in any royal house and usually variations mean that this or that child was named in honour of someone else. I could give you clear examples of this but I do not want to blab too much.

Could Halime Sultan be a daughter of Mehmed III's? My first thought was that it's the name of one of his daughters with Halime Sultan, clearly, but I don't think she was (unless Halime had more than two daughters, of course): neither of Halime's daughters were unmarried in 1622. One of them had already been dead, as her husband had remarried in 1620, and the other was still married to Kara Davud Paşa. Among Ahmed I’s daughters who died little, Öztuna does not mention a Halime Sultan (they’re Zahide, Esma, Hatice and Zeyneb), so I don’t think she was one of his daughters but rather one of his sisters. As for Osman II, we have information only on one daughter, Zeyneb Sultan, who died in infancy.

The other princess, Akile, could be a mistake in writing Atike or Abide, Ahmed I’s daughters, who were both unmarried at the time. I know it sounds fishy but Peirce has noted that mistakes were quite frequently in harem records. If we consider Akile one of Ahmed I’s daughters, maybe Umm-i Külsum could have been a second name of either Atike or Abide. Atike is usually called Burnaz Atike so the one with a second name could have been Abide. 

At the same time the name Akile is very interesting because it was the name of Osman II's legal wife, Akile Hatun. While Peirce says that the marriage was unconsummated, the Venetian ambassador Giustinian says that Akile had apartments in the Old Palace and it was there that Osman II went for the consummation. Öztuna says that she was mother to twins Şehzade Mustafa (1622-1623) and Zeynep Sultan (1622-1623?); Akile may have been a second name of Zeynep Sultan or another child altogether.

"A document dated 15 N 1014/24 January 1606 refers to a certain Şah Sultan as the sister of Ahmed; [...] Şah Sultan may be a third daughter of Mehmed III, as married princesses are usually referred to with the name of their husbands [...]; but she may also be the wife of Davud Pasha, as their marriage was not yet consummated at this point." – Baki Tezcan, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618-1622)

This is a very important piece of information: one of Ahmed I's sisters was called Şah. Unfortunately, we don't know if she was Davud's wife, so Halime's daughter, or another princess altogether. The date of the document is frustrating, because the marriage between Mehmed III's daughter and Kara Davud Paşa was consummated only in March 1606. In any case, one of Mehmed III’s daughters was called Şah Sultan.

“S'attrova anco il re diverse sorelle da marito, et molte di più zie" // "The king [Ahmed I] likewise has found himself with several sisters of marriageable age, and even more aunts" – Ottaviano Bon, 1609

Again, very interesting. Ottaviano Bon talks of "several sisters" all adults or at least teenagers. Several doesn't mean one or two but a larger number. About his aunts, we know that Murad III had a lot of children so that is not surprising. What is surprising is the large number of sisters Ahmed I seems to have had.

"Ha tre figliuoli maschi e una femmina: questa di età di 18 anni ed ha discorso con alcuni bascià che la pretendono per moglie, come Mahmud, e il bascià del Cairo, ma non si mariterà se prima non si fa il ritaglio del primogenito, [...] tutti questi sono di una madre, e l'ultimo che ha 3 o 4 anni ha nome Osmano." // "He [Mehmed III] has three sons and a daughter: she is 18 years old, and [Mehmed III] has talked with some pashas who want her as wife, like Mahmud and the pasha of Il Cairo, but she won't get married until the firstborn son is circumcised, [...] all of them are from the same mother, and the last [son] who is 3 or 4 years old is named Osman" – 8 June 1600, Agostino Nani

I have included this bit for the sake of being thorough. I am not sure that Nani's information is accurate because in other parts of his report he says that Ahmed was the eldest son and that Mahmud was his full-brother. Also, this Prince Osman… we have never heard of him? Though of course he could be right and we simply don't have information on every single child of Mehmed III's. What is interesting here is that the princess is probably Mehmed III's eldest child because she was born in the same year of his circumcision. Now, Donà says that his first children were all by the same woman (ie. Handan Sultan); if he did not make a mistake, Mehmed III's eldest daughter was also Ahmed I's elder sister (I doubt that Mehmed had had another child before this daughter because the timeline is very tight as it is, if Donà is right and his only children born when he was a prince were all by Handan Sultan)

To all of this (and to make matters even more complicated) I'd add: 

Öztuna says, in Dynasties, that Mirahur Mustafa Paşa's wife was called Hatice. 

Now, Mirahur Mustafa Paşa's wife went on to marry Cigalazade Sinan Paşa’s son Mahmud Bey in 1612, and died before 1620, the date of Mahmud Bey's second wedding. About her we also know that, according to Tezcan, she was a daughter of Halime so it seems that one of Mehmed III and Halime Sultan’s daughters was called Hatice.

"Ayşe S., f. Mehmed III        Türbe de Destârî Mustafa Pacha, son époux"  – found in Juliette Dumas, The Perles de Nacre du Sultanat (actual source: Vatin et Yerasimos, Les cimetières dans la ville : 164-166 notice 422.)

I checked and Destari Mustafa Paşa was indeed a vizier of Mehmed III's and is sometimes referred to as "Damad". M. Orhan Bayrak clearly states in İstanbul'da gömülü meşhur adamlar: VIII. yüzyıl-1998 that he was a Damad of Mehmed III's and Ayşe Sultan's husband. Dumas adds that their children were buried in the same mausoleum so it was not a marriage between a child and a grown man. Mustafa Paşa died in 1610 and his wife was laid to rest next to him but we don't know when she died. That they were already married during Mehmed III's reign makes me think that she must have been already a teenager at the time and so I'd venture and say that she was one of Handan's daughters (maybe the one Nani talked about?). In any case, an Ayşe Sultan daughter of Mehmed III existed indeed.

To wrap this very long post up: 

One of Mehmed III's daughters with Halime was - most probably - called Hatice

Another princess was called Şah Sultan

Destari Mustafa Paşa's wife and Mehmed III's daughter was called Ayşe Sultan and could have been a daughter of Handan's

Mehmed III had more than four daughters (two by Handan and two by Halime), as one of Ahmed I’s first problems were his sisters’ marriages.

[ottomanladies]

Sultan Bayezid II + harem and children

Consorts:

Ayşe Hatun (?? - 1512?): daughter of Alâüddevle Bozkurt Bey of the Dulkadir dynasty and possibly niece of Sitti Mukrime Hatun (consort of Mehmed II). She is usually given as mother of Selim I, but she was not. According to Alderson, she died in 1512.

Bülbül Hatun (?? - 1515): mother of Şehzade Ahmed and Hundi Sultan. She was a very charitable person, building a mosque complex in Ladik, another mosque, school and fountain in Amasya and a school in Bursa. When her son was executed by Selim I, she retired to Bursa where she built a tomb for him. She is buried next to her son.

Ferahşad Hatun (?? - after 1521): Şehzade Mehmed’s mother, she is variously called Ferruhşad or Muhterem. It is possible that her whole name was Muhterem Ferruhşad. Upon the death of her son in 1505, she retired to Bursa like it was customary for the mother of a deceased prince. She established a foundation in Silivri n 1521, so she must have died later.

Hüsnüşah Hatun (?? - after 1511): mother of Şehzade Şehinşah and Sultanzade. She followed her son first to Manisa and then to Konya. After Şehzade Şehinşah died, she settled in Bursa where she eventually died. She had built the Hatuniye Mosque in 1490 in Manisa during her son’s governorship there. She wrote to Selim I on behalf of Mevlana Pir Ahmed Celebi, one of Şehzade Şehinşah’s men who had not received a new post after the prince’s death.

(Ayşe) Gülbahar Hatun (?? - 1505): mother of Selim I, she was a slave concubine and not a highborn princess as tradition maintains. She died in Trabzon during her son’s princely post and she was buried in the Hatuniye Tomb there.

Gülruh Hatun (?? - after 1520): mother of Şehzade Alemşah and Kamer Sultan. During the reign of Bayezid II, she used to correspond with him about their son: “My fortune-favored padishah, heed my cry for help, … rid us of [my son’s] tutor, teacher, and doctor. They are masters of corruption…. Send us good Muslims because our situation has been pitiful since these persons arrived. They have deprived me of my mother’s rights…. If these seven do not go, they will utterly destroy the household of my son, your servant”. Alemşah would die because of heavy drinking, and Gülruh Hatun retired to Bursa. She died in the early days of Süleyman the Magnificent’s reign and was buried in the Gülruh Hatun Tomb in the Muradiye Mosque.

Nigar Hatun (?? - 1503): according to Uluçay and Oztuna, she was the mother of Şehzade Korkut and Fatma Sultan. She followed her son first in Manisa and then in Antalya, where she died and was buried.

Şirin Hatun (?-?): mother of Şehzade Abdullah and Aynışah Sultan according to Uluçay. She is not present in Sicill-i Osmani among Bayezid II’s consorts. It is not known when she died but she was buried with her son and daughter in her son’s tomb. She had built a school in Bursa and a mosque in Trabzon.

Children:

Damad Şehzade Abdullah (1465? - 6.11.1483): eldest son of Bayezid II, he was governor of Trabzon, Manisa and Konya, where he died. He is called Damad as well because he had married his cousin Ferahşâd Sultan, daughter of Mehmed II’s son Şehzade Mustafa. With her she had: a son (1481 - 1489), Aynışah Sultan (1482 - ??) and Şâhnisâ Sultan (1484 - ??). Both princesses reached adulthood as they both got married.

Ayşe Sultan (1465? - after 1515): according to Uluçay she may have been sister to Şehzade Ahmed or to Şehzade Korkut. She married Dâmâd Güveği Sinân Paşa around 1480 and had 6 children with him: Sultanzade Ahmed Bey, Sultanzade Mustafa Bey, Hanzade Ayşe Mihrihan Hanımsultan (who later married Dukagin-zâde Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa), Kamer-Şâh Hanımsultan (who later married Ahmed Bey son of Grand Vizier Mesîh Paşa), Fatma Hanımsultan (who later married Ahmed Bey son of Grand Vizier Mesîh Paşa) and Gevherşah Hanımsultan (who later married İbrahim Bey son of Ömer Bey). Ayşe Sultan built a mosque and a school in Gallipoli and in 1505 she established a foundation. She was buried in Istanbul.

Hatice Sultan (1465? - 1500): the identity of her mother is unknown. She firstly married Dâmâd Müderris Kara Mustafa Paşa around 1479 and had two children with him: Sultanzade Ahmed Çelebî (1480?-1500) and Hânzâde Hanımsultân. She secondly married Dâmâd Fâik Paşa sometime after 1483. Hatice Sultan built a mosque, school and fountain in Edirnekapi in Istanbul. She was buried in Bursa in the Hatice Sultan Tomb, built by her son.

Şehzade Ahmed (1466? - 24.4.1513): Selim I’s biggest opponent during the fight for the throne, he was Bayezid II’s favourite son and the one he wanted to be succeeded by. His only known consort was called Bülbül like his mother. Ahmed had several children: Şehzade Murad (1495 - 1519), Şehzade Alaeddin (1496? - 1513), Şehzade Süleyman (1497? - 1513), Şehzade Osman (1498? - 1513), Şehzade Ali (1499? - 1513), Şehzade Mehmed (1500? - 1513), Şehzade Kasim (1501 - 1518), Kamer Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebî), Fatma Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Mehmed Bey), and an unnamed princess (later wife of Dâmâd Silahdar Süleyman Bey)

Şehzade Korkut (1467 - 10.3.1513): another of Selim I’s opponents, he thought that he could quietly take the throne while Selim was busy with their brother Ahmed. He paid the janissaries for their support but when Selim arrived in Istanbul, they switched to his side. Governor of Amasya and then Manisa, he was allowed to return there after Bayezid II’s death but eventually Selim I had him executed. He had four children: two sons who died in infancy and Fatma Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd ‘Alî Bey) and Ferahşad Sultan (later wife of Dâmâd Malkoçoğlu ‘Alî Bey and Dâmâd Mehmed Balı Efendi)

Gevherimülûk Sultan (1467? - 1550): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dukaginzâde Dâmâd Ahmed Paşa and had two children with him: Nesl-i Şâh Hanımsultan (who married İskender Paşa) and Sultân-zâde Mehmed Paşa (who married his cousin Hanzade Ayşe Mihrihan Hanımsultan daughter of Ayşe Sultan). Gevherimülûk Sultan built a school near the Zal Mahmud Paşa Mosque, and she was buried there when she died.

Selçuk or Selçukşah Sultan (1469 - 1508): the identity of her mother is unknown. She firstly married Dâmâd Ferhâd Bey around 1484 and had two children with him: Nesl-i Şâh Hanımsultan (1486?-1550?) and Sultânzâde Gaazî Husrev Bey/Paşa (1484?-18.6.1541). She secondly married Dâmâd Mehmed Bey in 1486 and had three daughters with him: Hân-zâde Hanımsultan (who married her cousin, son of İlaldı Sultan), an unnamed daughter who married a son of Halil Paşa, and another unnamed daughter who later married Grand Vizier Yûnus Paşa. Selçuk Sultan died in 1508 and was buried in the Selçuk Sultan Mausoleum inside the Bayezid II Mosque in Istanbul.

Hundi Sultan (around 1470 - 1511): daughter of Bülbül Hatun and Şehzade Ahmed’s sister. She married Hersekzade Ahmed Paşa in 1484 and with him had: Sultânzâde Mûsâ Bey; Sultânzâde Mustafa Bey (governor of Bozok in 1533); Kamer-Şâh Hanım-Sultân; Hümâ-Şâh Hanım-Sultân (died after 1551)

Selim I (1470/1471 - 21 September 1520): 9th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Şehzade Şehinşah (1474 - 1511): governor of Manisa and then Konya, he died at 37 years old and was buried in Bursa in the Muradiye Mosque near the Şehzâde Mustafa Tomb. His only known consort was Mükrime Hatun, mother of his son Şehzade Mehmed-Şah, who later married his own cousin Şahnisa Sultan, daughter of Şehzade Abdullah.

Şehzade Mahmud (1475 - 1507?): governor of Kastamonu and later of Manisa, where he died at 32 years old. He had three sons and two daughters: Şehzade Orhan, Şehzade Musa, Şehzade Emir-Süleyman (all executed on Selim I’s orders in 1512), Ayşe Hundi Sultan (later wife of Damad Ferruh Bey), Hançerli Fatma Sultan (later wife of Damad Mehmed Bey)

Şehzade Mehmed (1476? - 12.1504): governor of Kefe, where he died. He was married to a princess of the Giray Dynasty, and had two children: Fatma Sultan (1500? - 1556) and Şehzade Mehmed (1505 - 1515, postumous)

Şehzade Alemşah (1477 - 1502): governor of Menteşe and then Manisa, where he died. He had a son and two daughters: Şehzade Osmanşah (1492 - 1512), Ayşe Sultan (later wife of Sultanzade Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebî, son of Bayezid II’s daughter Fatma Sultan) and Fatma Sultan (?? - after 1520)

Aynışah Sultan (?? - after 1512): daughter of Şirin Hatun and sister of Şehzade Abdullah, she married Akkoyunlu Damad Göde Ahmed Bey in 1490. She had two daughters with him: Hanzade Hanımsultan (who later married Sultanzade Yahyapaşazade Balı Paşa) and an unnamed daughter who married her cousin Şehzade Alaeddin, son of Şehzade Ahmed. Aynışah Sultan built a school in Istanbul and established a foundation in 1506. She was one of the princesses who sent letters of congratulations to Selim I when he became sultan. She died after 1512 and was buried next to her mother and brother in Bursa.

Hüma/Hümaşah Sultan (?? - after 1504): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Antalyalı Balı Paşa around 1482, but seemed not to have had any children. She was buried in Bursa near the Muradiye Tomb.

İlaldı Sultan (?? - before 1518): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Ahmed Ağa (later Hâin Ahmed Paşa), governor of Rumelia and later governor or Egypt and Second Vizier. With his she had two children: Şâh-zâde Ayn-i Şâh Hanımsultan (who later married Abdüsselâm Çelebî) and a son (who later married a daughter of Selçuk Sultan). İlaldı Sultan wrote a letter of congratulations to Selim I on his accession. It is not known when she died and where she was buried.

Kamer or Kamerşah Sultan (?? - ??): daughter of Gülruh Hatun, she was married to Damad Nişancı Kara Davud Paşa. She had a daughter who later married one Mesih Bey. She was buried in the tomb of her mother in Bursa.

Şah or Şehzade Şah Sultan (?? - after 1506): the identity of her mother is unknown. She married Dâmâd Nasûh Bey around 1490 and had a daughter with him. Both husband and wife were very involved in charity deeds, and Şah Sultan even built a mosque in 1506. When she died she was buried in her sister Hatice’s mausoleum in Bursa.

Şah-zade Sultan (?? - 1520): according to Oztuna, she was a different princess from Şah. She married Malkoçoğlu Dâmâd Yahyâ Pasha in 1501/1502 and had three sons with him: Sultanzade Yahyapaşazade Gaazî Küçük Balı Paşa (?? - 1543), who married his cousin Hanzade Hanımsultan (daughter of Aynışah Sultan); Sultanzade Gaazî Koca Mehmed Paşa (?? - 2.1548), and Sultanzade Gaazî Ahmed Bey (?? - after 1543)

Sofu Fatma Sultan (?? - after 1515): daughter of Nigâr Hatun and sister of Şehzade Korkut. She married Dâmâd Güzelce Hasan Bey around 1504 and had two children with him: Sultanzade Dâmâd Mehmed Çelebi (who later married Ayse Sultan daughter of Şehzade Alemşah) and an unnamed daughter, who later married Ahmed Bey, son of Ali Bey and Fatma Hanımsultan (daughter of her sister Ayse). She was a very charitable person and left all her possession to the poor when she died. She was buried in the tomb of her half-brother Şehzade Ahmed in Bursa.

Sultanzade Sultan (?? - ??): daughter of Hüsnüşah Hatun and sister of Şehzade Alemşah, nothing else is known about her.

[ottomanladies]

Ibrahim I's + harem and children

Consorts:

Haseki Turhan Hatice Sultan later Valide Sultan (?? - 4.8.1683): mother of Mehmed IV and maybe of Fatma Sultan and Atike Sultan as well, she was educated in the palace of Ibrahim’s sister Atike and then gifted to Kösem, to whom she was in service before being presented to the sultan. Probably Russian, Tavernier said in 1668 that she was Circassian instead. She was the last regent of the Ottoman Empire.

Haseki Hatice Muazzez Sultan (?? - 12.9.1687): Ibrahim’s second haseki and mother of the future Ahmed II. Nationality, place and date of birth are unknown. The earliest document that mentions her is dated 9 August 1642, and it is an order of Ibrahim to bring furniture from another mansion for her rooms in the harem. It is not known if she had other children. She never became Valide Sultan as she died in 1687, four years before her son became sultan.

Haseki Saliha Dilaşub Sultan later Valide Sultan (?? - 3.1.1690): origins unknown, she was Ibrahim’s third haseki sultan even though, according to Sakaoğlu, she was the first concubine to be presented to the new sultan. Mother of Süleyman II. She is called Aşübe Sultan in a palace document about some of her jewels. Her country of origin and ethnicity is unknown. Her stipend was higher than the other hasekis’, 1,300 aspers a day, throughout Ibrahim’s reign. It is not known if she had other children.

Haseki Ayşe Sultan: she was first mentioned in a palace document dated January 1645, where it is ordered to prepare the rooms for “the new haseki Ayşe Sultan”. She must have been the fourth haseki. It unknown whether she had children or not.

Haseki Mahienver Sultan: she is mentioned for the first time in a palace document dated 2 May 1646, where che is called “Fifth Haseki Mahienver Sultan”. It is unknown whether she had children or not.

Haseki Saçbağlı Sultan: she is mentioned as recipient of the treasury of Egypt in an undated document. She is traditionally considered the sixth haseki. It is unknown whether she had children or not.

Haseki Şivekâr Sultan (? - 1693): seventh haseki, she was allegedly the largest woman in the empire, weighing 150 kg. Armenian, she was Ibrahim’s true favourite for some time and even influenced the politics of the empire. It is not known whether she had children or not.

Haseki Hümaşah Sultan: eighth haseki, she is sometimes called telli haseki or simply haseki sultan, as she was the sultan’s wedded wife. She entered the harem only in 1647 but Ibrahim fell in love with her immediately and married her in a lavish ceremony. She received the palace of Ibrahim Paşa as a wedding gift, while Kosem’s daughter Ayşe, Fatma and Hanzade and Murad IV’s daughter Kaya Ismihan were ordered by the sultan to serve her. Hümaşah was mother to Sehzade Orhan, who died in infancy six months after Ibrahim’s execution.

Hubyar Hatun: wife of İbrahim Ağa, brother of Grand Vizier Ahmed Paşa, she took Ibrahim’s fancy for a while. Uluçay, on the other hand, believes she was a servant in the harem.

Şekerpare Hatun (? - 1649?): thought to be a harem servant by Naime, she was probably the High Treasurer of the harem. She held great influence over Ibrahim for a time and, together with Hubyar and Yahudi Harun, she used to take bribes in exchange for favours. Two months before Ibrahim’s dethronement, her wealth was confiscated and she was exiled to Egypt. There, according to Evliya Çelebi, she married Kara Musa Paşa. In Tarih-i Gılmani, it is said that matters of state were left to Cinci Hoca and Şekerpare Kadın, who caused great ruin in the empire.

Zafire Hatun: Georgian concubine, she became pregnant by Ibrahim during Murad IV’s reign, so Kösem Sultan gave her to the Chief Black Eunuch Sünbül Ağa so that he drowned her in the sea. Instead, the eunuch took her to his home where she had a son, whom she named Osman. The baby became known in Istanbul as “the bastard of the Chief Black Eunuch” and when Kösem Sultan found out, she exiled them all. On the route to Egypt, they were captured at sea and taken to Malta, where the child was declared an Ottoman Prince. Later on, he converted to Christianity and became a priest known as “Padre Ottomano” (in English: Father Ottoman). According to the Venetian ambassador who related this story, the tensions between the Ottoman government and the Venetians in 1645 were caused by this incident. It is not known what happened to Zafire.

Sakızula: shown by Alderson as one of Ibrahim’s consorts.

Hezarpare Ahmed Paşa’s wife: one of Ibrahim’s passing fancies, she was given Princess Beyhan Sultan to raise. According to Alderson, Hezarpare Ahmed Paşa was given the little princess as a wife in return.

daughter of Şeyhülislam Mu'id Ahmed Efendi: according to A. L. Castellan, Ibrahim wanted her but her father opposed it so the sultan had her kidnapped from the baths and later sent her back home.

Children:

Unnamed Princess (1640 - ?): she married Baki Bey, son of Grand Vizier Hezarpare Ahmed Paşa from his previous wife.

Mehmed IV (2.1.1642 - 6.1.1693): son of Turhan Hatice, 19th Ottoman Sultan

Süleyman II (15.4.1642 - 22.6.1691): son of Saliha Dilaşüb, 20th Ottoman Sultan

Fatma Sultan (9.1642 - 1657): maybe daughter of Turhan Hatice. She married in 1645 Musahip (Silahdar) Yusuf Paşa, who was executed by Ibrahim himself on 22 January 1646. A month later, her father married her to Musahib Fazlı Paşa, whom he removed from Istanbul a couple of months later. She died in 1657 and was buried in the Yeni Valide Mosque.

Gevherhan Sultan (1642 - 27.10.1694): she married Cafer Paşa on 23 November 1646. According to Alderson and Süreyya, she was married to Çavuşzade Mehmed Paşa instead until 1681. In 1692, she married Helvacı Yusuf Paşa.

Ahmed II (25.2.1643 - 6.2.1695): son of Hatice Muazzez, 21st Ottoman Sultan

Şehzade Murad (4.1643 - 1.1644)

Şehzade Selim (19.3.1644 - 9.1669)

Şehzade Osman (8.1644 - died young)

Beyhan Sultan (1645 - 15.9.1700): she was married to Küçük Hasan Paşa in 1646 but her husband died the following year. On 16 September 1647 she married Grand Vizier Hezarpare Şehri Ahmed Paşa. He was executed on 7 August 1648 and Beyhan became a widow again. She later married Uzun İbrahim Paşa, but he died in 1683. In 1689 Bıyıklı Mustafa Paşa, who died in 1699. Beyhan Sultan died on 15 September 1700 and was buried in Süleyman the Magnificent’s tomb.

Şehzade Bayezid (1.5.1646 - 8.1647)

Şehzade Cihangir (14.12.1646 - 1.12.1648)

Ayşe Sultan (around 1646 - ?): she married İbşir Mustafa Paşa in 1655 but her husband was executed in the same year. Nothing else is known about her.

Şehzade Orhan (9.1648 - 1.1650): son of Hümaşah. Uluçay does not give a date of birth but says that the little prince died 6 months after Ibrahim’s execution.

Atike Sultan (? - ?): possibly daughter of Turhan Hatice, as it is said she was Mehmed IV’s own sister. She married Sarı Kenan Paşa in 1648 and, when her husband was executed in 1659, she married Anatolian Inspector Mostarlı İsmail Paşa in the same year. She died at a young age in the reign of her brother.

Kaya Sultan (? - ?): she married Haydarağazade Mehmed Paşa in 1649, who was executed in 1661. date of death and burial are unknown.

Ümmügülsüm Sultan (? - 1654?): she married Mirahur Abaza Ahmed Paşa in 1653 but died shortly after.

Unnamed Princess (? - ?): she was engaged to Kuloğlu Mustafa Paşa but he did not accept the marriage (he would marry Mehmed IV’s daughter Hatice in 1675), so she married Cerrah Kasım Paşa instead, in January 1666.

sources:

A. D. Alderson - The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty

Leslie Peirce - The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire

Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları: Valide Sultanlar, Hatunlar, Hasekiler, Kadınefendiler, Sultanefendiler

M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları

[ottomanladies]

Hello, can you list Selim I's harem and children.

Hello! I’m very sorry for being this late but Selim I’s family is a mess. Everything is so confusing and historians do not agree on anything.

Consorts:

Ayşe Hânım/Hatun: supposedly the daughter of Crimean Khan Mengli Giray I. Uluçay doesn’t believe that she was a wife of Selim I’s but that she was instead married to his brother Şehzade Mehmed. According to Alderson, Şehzade Mehmed was her first husband and Selim I her second. Öztuna believes she was the mother of Beyhân and Şâh Sultân

(Ayşe) Hafsa Hatun later Valide Sultan: mother of Hatice Sultan, Fatma Sultan, possibly of Beyhan Sultan and of Süleyman I. (life here)

Children:

Gevherhan Sultan (1494 - ?): married to İsfendiyâroğlu Dâmâd Sultanzade Mehmed Bey, son of Bayezid II’s daughter Fatma. Figured only in Öztuna’s book.  

Süleyman I (27.4.1494/1495 - 7.9.1566): 10th sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Hafsa Sultan (1500 - 10.7.1538): mother unknown, she firstly married Damad Dukaginzade Ahmed Paşa in 1511, who was executed by her father in 1515, and Damad Boşnak Mustafa Paşa in 1522, with whom she had: Sultanzade Osman Bey later Paşa, who was called Kara Osman-Şah. She died on 10 July 1538 and was buried in her father’s mosque.

Şehzâde Orhan (1500 - 1510)

Hatice (Hanım) Sultan (?? - after 1543): Öztuna believes Hanım was one of Hatice’s names and not another princess. Daughter of Hafsa Sultan, she was certainly older than her brother Süleyman, as she married Dâmâd İskender Paşa in 1509. After the execution of her husband in 1515, nothing is known about her life nor when she died.

Beyhan Sultan (?? - before 1559): possibly a daughter of Hafsa Sultan, she married firstly Dâmâd Ferhâd Paşa, a former commander of the janissaries who was executed by her brother Süleyman I in 1524, and secondly Dâmâd Mehmed Paşa, with whom she had Ismihan Hanımsultan, born after 1525. Peirce speaks of children when she talks about Hafsa’s grief over the death of Ferhâd Paşa but doesn’t specify their names. Öztuna was able to find only Ismihan Hanımsultan.

Fatma Sultan (?? - 1556): daughter of Hafsa Sultan and thus older than Süleyman I , she married firstly Dâmâd Mustafa Paşa, governor of Antalya, but divorced him when she found out he was homosexual. She married secondly Dâmâd Gaazî Kara Ahmed Paşa, who was executed by Süleyman I in 1555; and lastly she married Dâmâd Hâdim İbrâhîm Paşa, an eunuch, who was said to have been the love of her life. The marriage lasted only a few months, because Fatma died in 1556.

Şahıhuban Sultan (?? - ??): also called Şah, Şahı, Devlet-Şah, she was definitely not a daughter of Hafsa Sultan because her mother resided in the Old Palace during the reign of Süleyman I (until 1556 at least). She married Dâmâd Lutfî Paşa before 1523 but divorced him in 1541 after he had beaten her up. She did not remarry. Her only known child is İsmihân Hanımsultân; it is not clear whether Sultanzade Ahmed Bey, Sultanzade ‘Abdî Bey and Sultanzade Mahmûd Bey were actually sultanzades or Lufi’s sons from his previous marriage.

(Hanım) Şehzade Sultan (?? - ??): disputed if she really existed or not. She may have been called Sultanzade or Şehzade Sultan, as she figured in privy purse registers from the reign of Süleyman as “Şehzade Sultan” and her daughter, unnamed, as “the daughter of Şehzade Sultan”. She was married to Damad Çoban Mustafa Paşa, who died in April 1529. Her husband built the Çoban Mustafa Paşa Complex in Gebze and left his wife as a trustee of the foundation he created in 1527-1528

Şehzâde Musa (?? - ??): killed/died in infancy

Şehzâde Korkut (?? - ??): killed/died in infancy

According to Öztuna, a granddaughter of Selim I firstly married Grand Vizier Koca Sinân Paşa and then married in 1596 Dâmâd Güzelce Mahmûd Paşa, but the marriage lasted less than a year because she died in June 1597. Dâmâd Güzelce Mahmûd Paşa would later become Murad III’s daughter Ayşe’s third husband.

sources:

Yılmaz Öztuna - Yavuz Sultan Selim

Necdet Sakaoğlu - Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları

M. Çağatay Uluçay - Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları

Leslie Peirce - Empress of the East

[ottomanladies]

Consort from the Serbian, Poland, Russia

Hello! Known Serbian consorts are:

Theodora II Hatun; consort of Orhan Bey, daughter of Serbian prince Stephen IV Urosh and Helena Shishman.

Despina Hatun; wife of Bayezid I, daughter of Serbian king Lazarus I.

Mara Hatun; wife of Murad II, daughter of Serbian despot Georgi Brankovic and Eirene Kantakouzene.

The only Polish consort recorded is Hürrem, and the only Russian consort recorded is Turhan Hatice. I'm sure there were more, Hürrem had asked Süleyman to stop the slave trade in her Motherland, but their countries of origin were simply not recorded, unfortunately.