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5 posts!

[reality-detective]

[mllenugget]

I mean I’m just saying I’m surprised Baghera didn’t do a Baghera on this one

[libelelle]

hi libelelle! since ur the bird expert, is there a reason why despite being closely related to reptiles most dinosaurs (including birds) are endothermic (warm-blooded) while most reptiles are ectothermic (cold-blooded)? ik dinosaurs being endothermic mostly came from their sheer body mass requiring it (and also why they had feathers), but how did it become so split from reptiles which have primarily remained ectothermic for millions of years?

WOWW this is a really good question and im flattered you'd cme to me to ask it : ] im not technically an expert (YET.) but i can give you an answer!! or at least some interesting info on the topic

first, dinosaurs weren't ALL endothermic, as you know. there is evidence that suggests that many of them were mesothermic (as in, capable of regulating their temperature but not consistently and only to a certain extent) [x] In fact a early birds are believed to have had low metabolic rates as well, being a sort of transistional state between thermal types which allowed the subsequent evolution of flight [x].

the reason for WHY birds are endothermic is debated. Its pretty costly as a strategy, because it relies on burning precious energy to keep the organism heated. As with much of science, there are multiple theories floating around regarding the purpose of endothermy as an adaptation. From what i have gathered from my admittedly hurried and ultimately limited research there are a couple theories that stand out in the debate: one that claims endothermy evolved to expand the organisms thermal niche (basically the temperature range that an organism can tolerate/exists in. apparently not a well defined term [x] if you want to read about that.) and the other claims that it was evolved for increased aerobic capacity (which is basically maximum efficient oxygen usage; this can be a measure of an organism ability to maintian strenuous activity (like. yknow. flying)

A study done on endothermic fish [x] used the repeated evolution of endothermy in Tuna ans their migration into colder waters as evidence for the former, that endothermy evolved as a way to expand an organisms thermal niche. If you ask me, in terms of birds, if we're using this model then likely endothermy evolved in dinosaur ancestors in order to expand from warmer regions into colder region. Dinosaurs existed over a very long period of time, evolving something like 230 mya, and during the time they were alive there was a lot of things happening climate wise (pangaea splitting for example) so theres no doubt that there would have been opportunities for organisms to expand their niche into these new conditions. This is just me spitballing though, im no expert.

On the other side of the coin, one study compared 176 species to study the evolution of metabolic rates[x], which came up with some evidence supporting the aerobic model. Admittedly a lot of this went over my head (i am still learning) but essentially this study provided evidence to the mechanism of the evolution of endothermy under this model. definitely saving this article so that i cant read it thouroughly when i don't have school lighting a fire under my ass. This study aside, in the context of birds, having a high metabolism/aerobic capacity is major for birds, because flying is a very energy intensive skill. Flying requires that they both use oxygen extremely efficiently (look up the respiration system of birds some time. theyre olympic gold medalists in breathing) and that they can use energy efficiently as well. The aerobic model explains the evolution of endothermy in the context of being able to maintain such intense activity so often. The study that proposed this WOULD be really interesting to read but i'm having troubles getting to it thanks to paywalls. growl. heres the link anyways, if you want to look at it [x]. Also a short review that talks about it [x].

ALSO an interesting theory I saw suggests that the advantage of endothermy arose as an adaptation for caring for ones offspring [x], something that being active and warm gives enormous benefits to. Basically, because endothermy allows a bird to control the incubation temps of their eggs and allows for an organism to be more active, endothermy guarentees higher sucess hatching and feeding their chicks. and since reproductive sucess is one of if not the most important thing when it comes to evolution, endothermy evolves in order to facilitate this.

anywasy thats about as much time i can spend on this. theyre making me research wild mustard (BORING BORING BORING) right now

LITERATURE CITED (im practicing....):

Grady JM, Enquist BJ, Dettweiler-Robinson E, Wright NA, Smith FA. 2014. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs. Science. 344(6189): 1268-1272. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1253143

Erickson GM, et al. 2009. Was Dinosaurian Physiology Inherited by Birds? Reconciling Slow Growth in Archaeopteryx. PLOS one. 4(10): e7390. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007390

Gvoždík L. 2018. Just what is the thermal niche? Oikos. 127(12): 1701-1710. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.05563

Block BA, Finnerty JR, Stewart AFR, Kidd J. 1993. Evolution of Endothermy in Fish: Mapping Physiological Traits on a Molecular Phylogeny. Science. 260(5105): 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8469974

Nespolo RF, Solano-Iguaran JJ, Bozinovic F, Williams TD, Bronstein JL. 2017. Phylogenetic Analysis Supports the Aerobic-Capacity Model for the Evolution of Endothermy. Am Nat. 189(1): 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1086/689598

Bennett AF, Reuben JA. 1979. Endothermy and Activity in Vertebrates. Nature. 206(4419): 649-654. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.493968

Hedrick MS, Hillman SS. 2016. What drove the evolution of endothermy? J Exp Bio. 219 (3): 300–301. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.128009

Farmer CG, Garland Jr T, Joseph Travis. 2000. Parental Care: The Key to Understanding Endothermy and Other Convergent Features in Birds and Mammals. Am Nat. 155(3): 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1086/303323

[breadandlottery]

I love your blog in the best way possible. Informative, deep, and enjoyment filled.

What type of art is Inho into?

Would you say Ilnam is into art as well?

I love your blog. Sorry, if these questions are stupid.

ilysm omg never apologize for asking anything at all ❤️❤️❤️

This question. THIS QUESTION. Phew, ok. *Opens up google doc with all my notes about Inho and the intersection of art and philosophy*

Sorry, this may get a little long.

So we know a bit about Inho’s taste in art from the books in his apartment. He has books on Monet (Impressionism), Van Gogh (Post-Impressionism), Picasso (Cubism), and Magritte (Surrealism). The only actual art he has, though, is the Magritte print, that he has not one but TWO of. I think he has an appreciation for all of these artists/styles, but something about Surrealism speaks to him. Why? Why Magritte? Why The Empire of Light specifically?

I’ve seen varying interpretations of the work, but based on some of Inho’s comments (“think of it as a dream”) and the nods to the Matrix, I’m inclined to believe his interpretation is that it depicts the juxtaposition of dream/illusion and reality. I think Inho is someone who is really grappling with reconciling the world he thought he lived in and the world he experiences after his win and the death of his wife (and reconciling the two versions of himself, the one from before and the one from after). I think he saw Magritte’s Empire of Light and it struck him as a visual representation of what he’d been struggling with. The sky, beautiful and sunny, perfect blue with white fluffy clouds, perhaps that was the illusion, the dream he’d been living? The house, dark and lonely, maybe his idea of the “real” world? 

In combining day and night, the painting kinda asserts that the two can coexist, the dream and the reality. Or, maybe the conscious and subconscious. which brings me to the intersection of art and philosophy…

Because if we look at the four styles of art represented in his collection of books, we can make at least a loose association with different philosophical viewpoints for each. I haven't identified all of the books (yet), but he definitely has some on a few of these represented. 

1. Impressionism →  Empiricism 

Impressionism explores how objects are affected by objective variables: light, angles, movement, and physical perspective. Empiricism as a philosophy requires evidence. It says Reality is objective. 

2. Post-Impressionism → Existentialism (Camus, Nietzsche)

Post-Impressionist art is more subjective. The subjects of these paintings are shaped by external “reality” but also by internal perspective, emotion, and personal interpretations. Similarly, Existentialism focuses on individuality: personal expression, perspective, and creating meaning. “Reality” exists, but is based on how we experience it. Reality is subjective.

3. Cubism → Relativism

Cubism presents a fractured reality, where multiple perspectives shown at once. Relativism rejects the notion of an objective truth or morality. There is no “true” reality. Reality is multiple.

4. Surrealism → Psychoanalysis (Lacan)

Surrealism deals with the coexistence of illusion and reality, many surrealist works have a very dream-like quality. Psychoanalysis is a philosophy that is heavily based in the subconscious and unconscious mind. There is no “true” reality, AND how we experience it relies on our perspective (as with post-impressionism) but also on our unconscious thoughts and desires.  Reality is a dream. ("Think of it as a dream.")

The two books lying flat on Inho’s desk (so presumably the ones he’d most recently been reading) are the Magritte art book and Lacan’s Theory of Desire, which to me telegraphs that he’s in his Surrealism/Psychoanalysis era.

So all this yappity yap to say... I don’t know that the Inho we know, 2021-2025 Inho, really likes art, so much as uses it as a tool to help him try to understand the world. Like I get the impression he’d be very analytical about it, more than he’d be “Oh I fucking love this painting” about it. I also kinda think this approach to art is just a result of his significant trauma, though, and in his prior life, he may have had an actual aesthetic appreciation for art in general, but has lost that, along with so many other aspects of his former self.

(In my non-analytical, completely made-up, headcanon, fic-writing vibe, though, Inho specifically likes the Empire of Light, but in general, prefers Impressionist art, because it's soft and pretty and pastel, like his boyfriend Gihun.) As for Ilnam, I've never really thought about it, but I think, while he may have done the rich people art collecting thing, he never *liked* art. I feel like the kind of person who truly likes/appreciates art isn't the kind of person who'd say "life is no fun because I have everything." If you have everything or if you have very little... there's still new art to discover. New songs to hear. New foods to taste. I don't believe he could have had any real appreciation for something like art outside of its monetary value, or he wouldn't have been so bored he'd have to come up with all this to keep himself entertained.

[nicollekidman]

as our foremost peter o'toole expert, should people watch the theatrical or extended cut of lawrence of arabia?

personally i always prefer director’s cuts (when they’re actually supervised by the director) over theatrical releases, and in this case i think it’s the director’s cut that’s most widely available on streaming anyways. tbh i think for lawrence it’s more important that you try and find one of the highest quality restorations you can so the 50th anniversary blu ray or the 60th anniversary 4k is what you should be shooting for! visuals are key here lol

[13thpythagoras]

long-form attention span ADHD people finding a new hyperfixation like

[a9saga]

whatever the whole "lost jury" thing is, will kirby confirmed he's not doing another jury round table this season. the jury is the best part of the late game though so i very much look forward to seeing them. if will said he was ready to pass the baton on, and if they do that as soon as this season, i think derrick levasseur from season 16 would be a fantastic person to talk to the jury.

[paxtonvaldovinos]

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Pulmonary Edema

Introduction

Pulmonary edema is a condition that results from the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory distress. This comprehensive discourse aims to provide an in-depth analysis of pulmonary edema, covering its pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, prevention strategies, and associated complications.

Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary edema develops when there is an imbalance between the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures within the pulmonary vasculature. This imbalance leads to an increase in capillary permeability and the extravasation of fluid into the interstitial space and alveoli of the lungs. Several mechanisms contribute to this process, including increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to heart failure, increased vascular permeability due to inflammation or injury, and decreased oncotic pressure due to hypoalbuminemia or capillary leak syndrome.

Etiology of Pulmonary Edema

The etiology of pulmonary edema can be categorized into cardiogenic and noncardiogenic causes. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs secondary to heart failure or other cardiac conditions that result in elevated left atrial pressure and pulmonary venous congestion. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, on the other hand, is caused by factors unrelated to heart dysfunction, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aspiration, sepsis, or neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Edema

The clinical presentation of pulmonary edema varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, cough, frothy sputum, cyanosis, and crackles on auscultation. Severe cases may progress to respiratory failure, hypoxemia, and hemodynamic instability.

Diagnostic Modalities for Pulmonary Edema

Diagnosing pulmonary edema requires a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. Imaging studies such as chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, and lung ultrasound can provide valuable information about lung parenchymal changes and the presence of pulmonary congestion. Laboratory tests, including arterial blood gas analysis, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and electrolyte measurements, may also aid in the diagnosis and assessment of disease severity.

Treatment Strategies for Pulmonary Edema

The management of pulmonary edema involves addressing the underlying cause, relieving symptoms, and preventing complications. Initial treatment often includes supplemental oxygen therapy to improve oxygenation and reduce respiratory distress. Diuretics, such as furosemide or bumetanide, are commonly used to reduce fluid overload and alleviate pulmonary congestion. In cases of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, vasodilators, inotropes, or mechanical ventilation may be necessary to improve cardiac function and gas exchange.

Prevention Strategies for Pulmonary Edema

Preventing pulmonary edema requires a broad approach aimed at managing underlying risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyle habits. Patients with known cardiac conditions should adhere to prescribed medications, maintain a low-sodium diet, and monitor fluid intake to prevent fluid retention and exacerbation of heart failure. Individuals at risk of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema should avoid exposure to toxins, practice proper respiratory hygiene, and seek prompt medical attention for respiratory infections or injuries.

Complications of Pulmonary Edema

Untreated or inadequately managed pulmonary edema can lead to several complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury, pulmonary hypertension, and death. Prompt recognition and intervention are essential to prevent progression to these life-threatening complications and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Pulmonary edema is a complex and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management. By understanding the underlying pathophysiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, prevention strategies, and associated complications of pulmonary edema, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and outcomes. Continued research efforts aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying pulmonary edema and identifying novel therapeutic targets are essential to further improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of this condition.

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[reality-detective]

Dr. David E. Martin: On Coercion in Medical Practices and Protecting Our Rights 📽

🔍 Who is Dr. David E. Martin?

Dr. David E. Martin is a prominent figure in the fields of intellectual property and finance, known for his advocacy on issues involving patents, corporate integrity, and human rights. His expertise has led him to scrutinize medical practices and the pressure they exert on individuals. 🤔

The document link: 👇

Serve those with notices who are using coercion against humanity 🤔

[assignmentshelpcenter]

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[thetutorshelpuk]

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Diabetes

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Diabetes, a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, arises from abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The condition’s prevalence has reached epidemic proportions globally, with significant health, economic, and social implications.

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