#it was on a Raspberry Pi and removed the case

[iyashikei]

I just accidentally broke a 256gb micro sd card 🥹.

[gateway-official]

Routing Mess

Well, I got a router to get better control over my network. I have an ISP that shall not be named that wouldn't let me get certain perks unless I use their router/modem hybrid motherfucker. It has a disgusting lack of configuration, so I bit the bullet and got a TP-Link AX1800 router from Wal-Mart. I hear these things die after a few years BUT it already has granted so much more control over my network than the other thing. I can finally route all DNS through Lenny (Raspberry Pi) so I'm utilizing Pi-hole to its fullest.

UNFORTUNATELY I did not prepare properly for the move, so I ended up blowing up my Proxmox cluster. I just acquired a very old Gateway PC from like, 2012, and I've been using it as a second member of my cluster (the Nuclear cluster). His name is Nicholas and he's got a 5 dollar terabyte drive that's used but passes the smart check. However, after switching over to the new router and following some instructions improperly for the Proxmox install on Julian (Gateway PC) and Adelle (Dell PC), the Nuclear Cluster royally broke and I had to reinstall on Julian and remove Adelle from the cluster. I also had to update Caddy and a bunch of other services to make everything work again because I moved from one IP address scheme to another.

Anyway, let me tell you about getting Julian (Gateway). I found this computer part store that's just full of computer junk. Anything and everything. My boyfriend drove me over there and I went in with him and the place is LINED with COMPUTERS and computer parts and computers running without cases and it was just BEAUTIFUL. I'm poking through PCs, trying to find a cheap one I can make into a NAS, and it's kinda hard because I'm in a wheelchair and all the PCs are on the ground and it's a small place, so my boyfriend starts poking around too. And then he goes, "HEY LOOK", and he rotates a desktop PC around and IT'S A GATEWAY! An old-ass Gateway. And I just had to bring it home!

Then today I found a PC for like 10 bucks, but it doesn't have RAM. It's once again a Dell.

I also brought home another Dell that I plan to make my media server. Any ideas on names?

[levysoft]

Abbiamo annunciato per la prima volta Raspberry Pi 5 nell'autunno del 2023, con solo due scelte di densità di memoria: 4 GB e 8 GB. L'estate scorsa, abbiamo rilasciato la variante da 2 GB, rivolta ad applicazioni sensibili ai costi. E oggi stiamo lanciando il suo fratello maggiore, la variante da 16 GB , al prezzo di $ 120.

Perché 16 GB e perché proprio ora?

Siamo continuamente sorpresi dagli utilizzi che le persone trovano per il nostro hardware. Molti di questi rientrano in 8 GB (o anche 2 GB) di SDRAM, ma il triplice incremento di prestazioni tra Raspberry Pi 4 e Raspberry Pi 5 apre casi d'uso come grandi modelli linguistici e fluidodinamica computazionale, che traggono vantaggio dall'avere più spazio di archiviazione per core. E mentre Raspberry Pi OS è stato ottimizzato per avere bassi requisiti di memoria di base, distribuzioni pesanti come Ubuntu traggono vantaggio da una capacità di memoria aggiuntiva per casi d'uso desktop.

L'ottimizzazione dello stepping D0 del processore applicativo Broadcom BCM2712 include il supporto per memorie superiori a 8 GB. E i nostri amici di Micron sono stati in grado di offrirci un singolo pacchetto contenente otto dei loro die LPDDR4X da 16 Gbit, rendendo fattibile per la prima volta un prodotto da 16 GB .

Crediti di rimozione del carbonio

Siamo orgogliosi del basso impatto ambientale dei computer Raspberry Pi. Sono piccoli e leggeri, il che si traduce direttamente in un piccolo impatto di carbonio iniziale per produzione, logistica e smaltimento. Con un consumo di energia inattiva nell'intervallo 2-3 W e un consumo di energia a pieno carico inferiore a 10 W, la sostituzione di un PC x86 legacy con un Raspberry Pi comporta in genere una significativa riduzione del consumo di energia operativa e quindi dell'impatto di carbonio continuo.

Ma sebbene la nostra impronta di carbonio iniziale sia piccola, non è pari a zero. Quindi oggi lanciamo Raspberry Pi Carbon Removal Credits , al prezzo di $ 4, dandoti la possibilità di mitigare le emissioni associate alla produzione e allo smaltimento di un moderno Raspberry Pi.

Come funziona?

Abbiamo incaricato Inhabit di condurre una valutazione indipendente dell'impronta di carbonio della produzione, spedizione e smaltimento di un Raspberry Pi 4 o 5, che è arrivata a 6,5 ​​kg di CO₂ equivalente. Quando acquisti un credito di rimozione del carbonio Raspberry Pi da uno dei nostri rivenditori approvati , paghiamo i nostri amici di UNDO Carbon per iniziare a catturare quella quantità di CO2 dall'atmosfera utilizzando la tecnologia di alterazione delle rocce migliorata (ERW).

È semplicissimo.

Cos'è l'erosione avanzata delle rocce?

Quando la pioggia cade nell'atmosfera, si combina con la CO₂ per formare acido carbonico. Quando questo acido debole cade su montagne, foreste e praterie, la CO₂ interagisce con rocce e terreno, si mineralizza e viene immagazzinata in modo sicuro sotto forma di carbonato solido. Il processo naturale di erosione è già responsabile della rimozione di un miliardo di tonnellate di CO₂ dall'atmosfera ogni anno.

ERW accelera questo processo naturale distribuendo roccia silicatica frantumata (nel nostro caso, basalto) su terreni agricoli, aumentando la superficie della roccia e quindi aumentando il suo contatto con la CO₂. Nel complesso, questo riduce le scale temporali coinvolte da milioni di anni a semplici decenni. Una volta che la reazione ha luogo, la CO₂ viene bloccata in modo permanente per oltre 100.000 anni.

Oltre a catturare CO₂, spargere basalto su terreni agricoli porta con sé anche significativi co-benefici. Le rocce silicatiche sono ricche di minerali; quando si deteriorano, rilasciano nutrienti come magnesio, calcio e potassio, migliorando la salute del suolo e riducendo la necessità di fertilizzanti. Le prove con l'Università di Newcastle hanno mostrato un aumento della resa delle colture in seguito all'applicazione di roccia basaltica frantumata. Inoltre, gli ioni bicarbonato alcalini catturati durante il processo ERW vengono infine lavati via in mare, dove aiutano a deacidificare i nostri oceani.

Puoi scoprire di più sul lavoro di UNDO qui .

Perché catturare il carbonio nel futuro e non nel passato?

In genere, quando si acquistano compensazioni di carbonio, si paga per la cattura del carbonio avvenuta in passato (ad esempio piantando e facendo crescere alberi). Quando si acquistano crediti di rimozione del carbonio Raspberry Pi , UNDO distribuisce ora il basalto, che poi cattura la quantità nominale di carbonio per, all'incirca, i successivi vent'anni.

Abbiamo scelto ERW perché crediamo che sia un approccio più rigoroso, scalabile e verificabile alla cattura del carbonio rispetto agli approcci tradizionali come piantare (o, più ridicolmente, accettare di non tagliare) alberi: semplicemente, è la nostra migliore possibilità di ridurre una frazione sostanziale delle emissioni di carbonio dell'umanità nel corso della nostra vita. Tuttavia, poiché si tratta di una tecnologia relativamente nuova, non esiste un pool di compensazioni corrispondente alla cattura storica disponibile per l'acquisto.

Quindi, stiamo facendo la cosa migliore: pagare UNDO per avviare un processo irrevocabile di cattura del carbonio che continuerà per i prossimi due decenni e oltre. Ci auguriamo che il nostro sostegno a ERW contribuisca ad aumentare la consapevolezza di questa tecnologia che cambierà il mondo e forse ispiri altri a muovere i primi passi con essa.

[youdoyoucooking]

Calm Down and Cook a Fruit Tart

My Mother had a fruit tart. It wasn’t fancy and it wasn’t something that was brought out only for special occasions (but you could fancy it up if you wanted). It was more like a sunday-dinner-at-home dessert. It was adaptable and adjustable depending on the season. This thin layer of cheesecake embellished with seasonal fruit was effortless to make. A 9-inch tart pan is almost the only piece of equipment you need and a solid purchase to keep in your cabinet. Keep in mind, I have never been shy about not wanting to make a pie crust, it’s not that I can’t, it’s that I don’t want to, so a pre-bought pie crust makes this even easier. You can piece together the store bought kind if not big enough.

Sunday Dinner Fruit Tart

1 pie crust for a 9-inch tart pan (about 3/4 of a standard pie crust)

12 ounces cream cheese at room temperature 

1/2 cup sour cream at room temperature

1/2 cup granulated sugar

2 tbsp cornstarch

2 eggs at room temperature.

Any flavoring for the cheesecake layer (see suggestions)

3-4 cups of fruit for topping

4 ounces of Apple Jelly or Raspberry jam plus 4 tablespoons of water for glaze (optional)

Preheat your oven to 375. Give your tart pan a light coating of non-stick cooking spray. Press the pie crust into your tart pan. Try not to stretch the pie dough and just gently ease it into place. Trim the crust so it comes neatly up to the edges of the pan.

First, we’re going to blind-bake the crust. Cut a square of parchment paper or aluminum foil 2 inches wider than the tart pan and place it on top of your raw crust. (If you use parchment paper, it can help to crinkle it up into a tight ball and then open it up again. This will help it fit better into the pan.) Gently pour pie weights, dried beans, or uncooked rice on top of the parchment paper or foil to fill the pan. This will hold down the crust and prevent the dough from puffing up during baking. I like to use dried beans, they are cheap, easy to pour, and spill less than rice. The beans can be used an infinite number of times. Bake the pie crust, with the weights for 12 minutes, remove from oven, then lift out the parchment or foil along with the weights. Put the crust back in the oven for another 5 minutes. This whole process will give the crust a jump on the baking and keep the cheesecake layer from giving it the dreaded soggy bottom. It’s a good technique for most pies and tarts.

Turn your oven down to 350. Combine the sugar, cornstarch, eggs, sour cream, and cheesecake flavoring you have chosen, in a bowl. Mix on low speed with a hand mixer or stand mixer until smooth. This can also be done in a traditional blender or an immersion blender. The cornstarch is the thing you want to be sure is completely smooth and incorporated. Cut the cream cheese into small chunks and add to your mixture. Continue to mix on low speed, it is mixed when you see no chunks of cream cheese left. Let the mixture sit for 5 minutes to give the large bubbles a chance to disperse. Put your tart pan on a cookie sheet and pour the mixture into the crust. It will be very full. The cookie sheet will help you when you are moving from the counter to the oven and is nice in case there is any sloshing around. Bake for 40 minutes and let cool completely. The tart will puff up but don’t panic, it will sink back down as it cools.

Now you are ready to decorate. Cover the top with whatever fruit is in season or is calling out your name. I always try to include kiwi because it is what my Mother did and it makes my eye tell my brain that it tastes like home. Also, the green is pretty. Slice the fruit so it will lay flat on your tart. You can brush the top of the cheesecake layer with a little jam (any kind) to act as a “glue” for your fruit.

Once your tart is decorated with fruit, you can decide if you want to embellish it or not. The fruit is beautiful on its own but maybe a little naked. I like to dress it up a little with a glaze. Warm a little apple jelly with 2 tablespoons of water until it is runny. Stir together until combined and gently brush it on with a pastry brush. For some reason, apple jelly has become impossible to find. I have resorted to seedless raspberry preserves. It gives everything a pinkish glow and may not be appropriate all the time (like with oranges or pineapple). I like to warm about 4 ounces of the Jam with 2 tablespoons of water. Stir together. Then you are ready to gently brush it on top of your fruit. 

Flavoring suggestions for the cheesecake layer, combine them if the mood strikes you

1 tablespoon Vanilla

1 teaspoon of Almond extract

1 teaspoon of maple extract

1 teaspoon of coconut extract

1 tablespoon Lemon Zest

1 tablespoon Orange Zest

1 tablespoon Lime Zest

1 teaspoon of cinnamon

½ teaspoon of ground cardamom

2 tablespoons of bourbon

1 teaspoon ground ginger

Substitute white sugar for brown sugar for a caramel note.

What are you in the mood for? Mix and Match 

Fruit ideas for the top of your tart

Berries are the easiest and very attractive if you mix them up. Strawberries can be sliced for more efficient coverage

Bananas are an option but be prepared to serve the tart right away, they will start to brown. A dollop of whipped cream goes nicely with this.

Apples and Pears work but you will want to sautee them first. They can be too firm if completely raw. (see recipe below)

Chunks of fresh pineapple are very tropical. If you can’t use fresh and are going to use canned, make sure they are packed in juice and blot them dry. Decorate with toasted coconut if you are feeling “extra”.

Sliced Figs are the gold standard, according to my husband, and are the goal of any fruit tart

Orange sections are sunny but take the time to pick off the pith (the white stringing stuff) or make your life easy and use canned Mandarin sections. Again, be sure to blot them dry

Perfectly ripe peach wedges. (Peaches combine great with blackberries.)

Kiwi. Peeled and sliced thinly. 

Apricots (but really, who can find fresh apricots?)

Tart that tart up (get it?). Take your shiny glazed fruit and go a step further by giving it a light sprinkling of nuts. Any kind will do but sliced almonds or chopped macadamias work well. In the mood for a bit of chocolate? Sprinkle the top of the tart with some chocolate shavings. Buy a plain chocolate candy bar and run a vegetable peeler along the skinny side. Adorable little chocolate curls will appear.

Sauteed Apples or Pears

4 cups apples – about 4 apples

1 lemon

2 tablespoons butter

½ cup of white sugar or ¼ cup white sugar, ¼ cup brown sugar

Peel, core, and slice apples (pears) as if getting ready for a pie. Place apples (pears) in a bowl and squeeze the juice of the lemon on top and toss until you believe the lemon has evenly coated them. This will keep them from going brown.

Over medium heat, melt the butter in a large skillet and toss in the sugar. Stir for about a minute until the sugar is starting to melt.  Add apples or pears and stir almost constantly for 8-10 minutes. The apple or pears will have started to soften. Let cool completely before arranging on top of the tart. (These are also delicious with pork chops or vanilla ice cream. Versatile!)

[airdrop2000]

OpenPose vs. MediaPipe: In-Depth Comparison for Human Pose Estimation

Developing programs that comprehend their environments is a complex task. Developers must choose and design applicable machine learning models and algorithms, build prototypes and demos, balance resource usage with solution quality, and ultimately optimize performance. Frameworks and libraries address these challenges by providing tools to streamline the development process. This article will examine the differences between OpenPose vs MediaPipe, two prominent frameworks for human pose estimation, and their respective functions. We'll go through their features, limitations, and use cases to help you decide which framework is best suited for your project.

Understanding OpenPose: Features, Working Mechanism, and Limitations

At Saiwa , OpenPose is a real-time multi-person human pose detection library developed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University. It has made significant strides in accurately identifying human body, foot, hand, and facial key points in single images. This capability is crucial for applications in various fields, including action recognition, security, sports analytics, and more. OpenPose stands out as a cutting-edge approach for real-time human posture estimation, with its open-sourced code base well-documented and available on GitHub. The implementation uses Caffe, a deep learning framework, to construct its neural networks.

Key Features of OpenPose

OpenPose boasts several noteworthy features, including:

- 3D Single-Person Keypoint Detection in Real-Time: Enables precise tracking of individual movements.

- 2D Multi-Person Keypoint Detections in Real-Time: Allows simultaneous tracking of multiple people.

- Single-Person Tracking: Enhances recognition and smooth visuals by maintaining continuity in tracking.

- Calibration Toolkit: Provides tools for estimating extrinsic, intrinsic, and distortion camera parameters.

How OpenPose Works: A Technical Overview

OpenPose employs various methods to analyze human positions, which opens the door to numerous practical applications. Initially, the framework extracts features from an image using the first few layers. These features are then fed into two parallel convolutional network branches.

- First Branch: Predicts 18 confidence maps corresponding to unique parts of the human skeleton.

- Second Branch: Predicts 38 Part Affinity Fields (PAFs) that indicate the relationship between parts.

Further steps involve cleaning up the estimates provided by these branches. Confidence maps are used to create bipartite graphs between pairs of components, and PAF values help remove weaker linkages from these graphs.

Limitations of OpenPose

Despite its capabilities, OpenPose has some limitations:

- Low-Resolution Outputs: Limits the detail level in keypoint estimates, making OpenPose less suitable for applications requiring high precision, such as elite sports and medical evaluations.

- High Computational Cost: Each inference costs 160 billion floating-point operations (GFLOPs), making OpenPose highly inefficient in terms of resource usage.

Exploring MediaPipe: Features, Working Mechanism, and Advantages

MediaPipe is a cross-platform pipeline framework developed by Google for creating custom machine-learning solutions. Initially designed to analyze YouTube videos and audio in real-time, MediaPipe has been open-sourced and is now in the alpha stage. It supports Android, iOS, and embedded devices like the Raspberry Pi and Jetson Nano.

Key Features of MediaPipe

MediaPipe is divided into three primary parts:

1. A Framework for Inference from Sensory Input: Facilitates real-time processing of various data types.

2. Tools for Performance Evaluation: Helps in assessing and optimizing system performance.

3. A Library of Reusable Inference and Processing Components: Provides building blocks for developing vision pipelines.

How MediaPipe Works: A Technical Overview

MediaPipe allows developers to prototype a vision pipeline incrementally. The pipeline is described as a directed graph of components, where each component, known as a "Calculator," is a node. Data "Streams" connect these calculators, representing time series of data "Packets." The calculators and streams collectively define a data-flow graph, with each input stream maintaining its queue to enable the receiving node to consume packets at its rate. Calculators can be added or removed to improve the process gradually. Developers can also create custom calculators, and MediaPipe provides sample code and demos for Python and JavaScript.

MediaPipe Calculators: Core Components and Functionality

Calculators in MediaPipe are specific C++ computing units assigned to tasks. Data packets, such as video frames or audio segments, enter and exit through calculator ports. The framework integrates Open, Process, and Close procedures for each graph run. For example, the ImageTransform calculator receives an image as input and outputs a transformed version, while the ImageToTensor calculator accepts an image and produces a tensor.

MediaPipe vs. OpenPose: A Comprehensive Comparison

When comparing MediaPipe and OpenPose, several factors must be considered, including performance, compatibility, and application suitability.

Performance: Efficiency and Real-Time Capabilities

MediaPipe offers end-to-end acceleration for ML inference and video processing, utilizing standard hardware like GPU, CPU, or TPU. It supports real-time performance and can handle complex, dynamic behavior and streaming processing. OpenPose, while powerful, is less efficient in terms of computational cost and may not perform as well in resource-constrained environments.

Compatibility: Cross-Platform Support and Integration

MediaPipe supports a wide range of platforms, including Android, iOS, desktop, edge, cloud, web, and IoT, making it a versatile choice for various applications. Its integration with Google's ecosystem, particularly on Android, enhances its compatibility. OpenPose, though also cross-platform, may appeal more to developers seeking strong GPU acceleration capabilities.

Application Suitability: Use Cases and Industry Applications

- Real-Time Human Pose Estimation: Both frameworks excel in this area, but MediaPipe's efficiency and versatility make it a better choice for applications requiring real-time performance.

- Fitness Tracking and Sports Analytics: MediaPipe offers accurate and efficient tracking, making it ideal for fitness and sports applications. OpenPose's lower resolution outputs might not provide the precision needed for detailed movement analysis.

- Augmented Reality (AR): MediaPipe's ability to handle complex, dynamic behavior and its support for various platforms make it suitable for AR applications.

- Human-Computer Interaction: MediaPipe's versatility and efficiency in processing streaming time-series data make it a strong contender for applications in human-computer interaction and gesture recognition.

Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice Between MediaPipe and OpenPose

Choosing between MediaPipe and OpenPose depends on the specific needs of your project. Both frameworks offer unique advantages, but MediaPipe stands out for its efficiency, versatility, and wide platform support. OpenPose, with its strong GPU acceleration capabilities, remains a popular choice for projects that can accommodate its computational demands.

By assessing your project's requirements, including the intended deployment environment, hardware preferences, and desired level of customization, you can make an informed decision on which framework to use. Both MediaPipe and OpenPose represent significant advancements in human pose estimation technology, empowering a wide range of applications and experiences in computer vision.

[samurai-teacher]

https://youtu.be/AGU0NKF9BwY

🔥 Keep Your Raspberry Pi 5 Cool & Accessible with the iUniker Rux Cooler Case! 🔥

Hey Pi enthusiasts! Just posted a new video on my YouTube channel, IT Samurai Teacher, all about a game-changing case for your Raspberry Pi 5.

The iUniker case features:

🧊 Rux Cooler & Heatsink: Keep your Pi running cool even under heavy load.

🔧 Removable Top Cover: Easily access your GPIO pins and camera connector for your projects.

😎 Sleek Design: Protect your Pi 5 in style.

Tired of your Pi overheating? Want easier access to your GPIO pins? This case has you covered!

Check out the video for an in-depth review and see how easy it is to install. 👉 [https://youtu.be/AGU0NKF9BwY]

Don't forget to like, share, and subscribe to IT Samurai Teacher for more awesome tech tips and tutorials! #RaspberryPi5 #RaspberryPiCase #RuxCooler #Pi5Cooling #Pi5Case #Heatsink #ITSamuraiTeacher

[ethicalpolice]

Basic Linux Commands

When you hear of Linux, most people think of a complex operating system that is only used by programmers. But it’s not as weird as it sounds.

When running a Linux OS, you need to use a shell—an interface that allows you access to the resources of the operating system. The shell is a program that receives commands from the user and gives them to the OS to process and displays the output. The shell of Linux is its core component. Its distros come from the GUI (Graphical User Interface), but essentially, Linux has a CLI (Command-Line Interface). To open the terminal, press Ctrl+Alt+T in Ubuntu, or press Alt+F2, type gnome-terminal, and press Enter. In Raspberry Pi, type lxterminal.

Shell is the user interface responsible for handling all CLI typed commands. Reads and interprets commands and instructs the operating system to execute tasks as requested. In other words, a shell is a user interface that controls the CLI and functions as a man-in-the-middle interface that links users to the operating system.

And if you’re thinking of using Linux, knowing primary command lines is going a long way. Here is a list of basic Linux commands:

pwd-Use the pwd command to find the direction of the actual working directory (folder) you are in. The command returns an absolute (full) path, which is essentially the path of all directories beginning with the forward slash (/). The/home/username is an example of an utter road.

cd-Use the cd command to browse through Linux files and folders. It needs either the full path or the directory name, depending on the current working directory you’re in. Let’s assume you’re in/home/username/Documents and you want to go to Images, the Documents subdirectory. To do this, simply type the following command: cd Images. Know, this command is case sensitive, and you have to type the folder name exactly as it is.

ls-Use the “ls” command to know which files are in the directory you are in. You can see all the secret files using the command “ls-a.” If you want to know the contents of other folders, type ls, and then the directory path. For example, enter ls/home/username/Documents to display the contents of the Documents.

mkdir & rmdir-Use the mkdir command to build a new directory—if you type mkdir Music, a directory called Music will be formed. Use this Linux simple command mkdir Music/Newfile to create a new directory within another directory. Use the choice p(parents) to create a guide between two existing directories. For example, a new “2020” file will be generated by mkdir-p Music/2020/Newfile.

rm-Use rm to remove files and folders. Using “rm-r” to uninstall the directory. Deletes both the folder and the files that it holds by using just the rm button.

touch-The touch command is used to construct a file. It may be anything from an empty text file to an open zip file. “Touch new.txt” for example.

locate-You can use this command to locate a file, much like the Windows search command. What’s more, using the-i argument along with this command will make it case-insensitive, so you can scan for a file even if you don’t know its exact name. To check for a file containing two or more words, use an asterisk (*). For example, locate-i school*note will search for any file that contains the names “school” and “note” whether it is a case or case.

man & –help – Use the man button to know more about the command and how to use it. Shows the man pages of the command. For example, “man cd” shows the cd command manual pages. Typing the name of the command and the argument allows you to see how the command can be used (e.g., cd-help).

cp – Use the cp command to copy files from the current directory to another directory.

mv – Use the mv command to transfer files around the command line. We may also use the command mv to rename a file. For example, if we want to change the name of the file “text” to “new,” we can use “mv text new.” It takes the two arguments, much like the command cp.

Here are a few more complicated commands that should prove very useful:

cat – One of the most commonly used commands in Linux is cat – (short for concatenate). Used to list a file’s contents on the standard output. To run this command, type cat, followed by a file name and an extension of that file. Cat file.txt, for example.

diff- The diff command, short for difference, compares the contents of two files line by line. It will output the lines that do not fit after evaluating the files. Programmers also use this order instead of rewriting the entire source code when they need to make program alterations.

job-Job command shows all current employment along with their status. A work is simply a mechanism triggered by the shell.

find – Similar to the locate command, you can also use find to scan for files and folders. The difference is that you use the find command to locate files inside a directory. For example, find/home/-name notes.txt can search for a file called notes.txt in the home directory and its subdirectories.

echo – The “echo” command lets us transfer some data usually text, to a file. For example, if you want to build a new text file or add a text file, you just need to type “echo hello, my name is alok >> new.txt.”

grep – Another simple Linux command that is certainly useful for daily use is grep. It helps you to browse through all the text in a given file.

head – The head command is used to display the first rows of any text file. By default, the first 10 lines will be shown, but you can change that number to your taste.

tail – This one has a similar feature to the head command, but instead of displaying the first lines, the tail command shows the last ten lines of the text file.

ping – Using ping to verify your link to your server. Ping is a computer network management software utility used to measure the accessibility of an Internet Protocol (IP) network host.

kill -If you have a non-responsive program, you can terminate it manually by using the kill button. Sends an essential signal to the misbehaviour app and instructs the app to release itself. There are a total of sixty-four signals that you can use but people typically only use two signals: SIGTERM (15)-requests a program to stop running and give it some time to save all of its development. If you do not mention a signal when entering the kill command, this signal will be used. There’s also SIGKILL (9)-forces programs to stop immediately. Unsaved progress is going to be lost.

Basic Linux commands allow users to quickly and easily perform tasks. It might take a while to learn some of the simple commands, but with plenty of practice, nothing is impossible. In the end, it would undoubtedly be helpful for you to learn and master these simple Linux commands.

#linux #linuxdistros #kalilinux #linuxdistributions #archlinux #unix #linuxcommands #linuxmemes

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 483

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Updates from Rust Community

* RustConf 2023: Call for Proposals

Official

Language team advisors

Welcome Tyler Mandry to the Rust language team!

Governance Reform RFC Announcement

Project/Tooling Updates

rust-analyzer Changelog #169

Rust now available for Real-Time Operating System and Hypervisor PikeOS

Announcing Relm4 v0.5

Fornjot (code-first CAD in Rust) - Weekly Release - Accidental Side-Effect

Observations/Thoughts

Why is building a UI in Rust so hard?

Lightweight, Predictable Async Send Bounds

Return type notation (send bounds, part 2)

Faking Algebraic Effects and Handlers With Traits: A Rust Design Pattern

winnow = toml_edit + combine + nom

Battle Of The Backends: Rust vs. Go vs. C# vs. Kotlin - inovex GmbH

The Bull Case for Rust on the Web

I love building a startup in Rust. I wouldn't pick it again.

Rust development for the Raspberry PI on Apple Silicon

Rust Walkthroughs

Learn how to build and deploy a down detector Telegram bot in Rust

Compile Time Correctness: Type State

Build a casual side scroller with Rust

True Observer Pattern with Unsubscribe mechanism using Rust

Refactoring in Rust: Abstraction with the Newtype Pattern

Rust to WebAssembly the hard way

STM32F4 Embedded Rust at the PAC: System Clock Configuration

Implement base64 encoding using Rust - (Part 1) Base64 for non-unicode characters

Build a Apache Kafka Producer/Consumer Application in Rust

Learning Rust by Building a To-Do App

A Nibble of Quadtrees in Rust

Embedded Rust on ESP32C3 Board, a Hands-on Quickstart Guide

How to make a Text Adventure game in Rust - X - More Attributes

Nothing in Rust

[ES] Aprendiendo Rust 🦀️ II. Programming a guessing game

[video] Speed up your Rust code with Rayon

[video] Making Custom Asset Types: Platformer In Bevy #4

Implementing a Binary Tree in Rust

Run WebAssembly from your Rust Program

Research

The Usability of Advanced Type Systems: Rust as a Case Study

Miscellaneous

Learn Rust With JetBrains IDEs

Rust in Rhymes II explainer

[audio] Lodestone with Wilbur Zhang, Peter Jiang, and Kevin Huang

Rust Nation UK 2023

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is Darkbird, a high-concurrency real-time in-memory database.

Thanks to DanyalMh for the self-suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Participation

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

miri - Get Miri working on ARM again

man-in-the-middle-proxy - Add Custom headers requests

Ockam - Create clap command to delete a TCP Outlet on a node

Ockam - Create clap command to delete a TCP Inlet on a node

Ockam - Add a Github Action to avoid conflicts in TypeTag ids

Ockam - Remove the disable/enable_check_credential arguments from ockam tcp-outlet create

Ockam - Remove the disable/enable_check_credential arguments from ockam tcp-inlet create

Ockam - Update ockam project addon configure influx-db clap command to ockam project addon configure influxdb

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

Updates from the Rust Project

396 pull requests were merged in the last week

wasm: register the relaxed-simd target feature

enable #[thread_local] on armv6k-nintendo-3ds

add sanitizer support for modern iOS platforms

add kernel-address sanitizer support for freestanding targets

add an unstable #[rustc_coinductive] attribute

added another error to be processed in fallback

check that built-in callable types validate their output type is Sized (in new solver)

implement partial support for non-lifetime binders

deny non-lifetime bound vars in for<..> || closure binders

don't call with_reveal_all_normalized in const-eval when param_env has inference vars in it

don't eagerly convert principal to string

don't recover lifetimes/labels containing emojis as character literals

don't suggest #[doc(hidden)] trait methods with matching return type

make codegen choose whether to emit overflow checks

fix RPITITs in default trait methods (by assuming projection predicates in param-env)

fix json reexports of different items with same name

improve the suggestion on future not awaited

unexpected trait bound not satisfied in HRTB and Associated Type

make dyn*'s value backend type a pointer

more accurate spans for arg removal suggestion

enable CopyProp

enable instcombine for mutable reborrows

factor query arena allocation out from query caches

avoid accessing HIR when it can be avoided

optimize LazyLock size

optimize mk_region

prevent some attributes from being merged with others on reexports

remove save-analysis

rework min_choice algorithm of member constraints

suggest fix for misplaced generic params on fn item

suggest the correct array length on mismatch

tighter spans for bad inherent impl self types

type-directed probing for inherent associated types

use is_str instead of string kind comparison

use target instead of machine for mir interpreter integer handling

use covariance on type relations of field projection types if possible

use derive attributes for uninteresting traversals

use id-based thread parking on SOLID

use restricted Damerau-Levenshtein distance for diagnostics

use semantic equality for const param type equality assertion

constify RangeBounds, RangeX::contains and RangeX::is_empty (where applicable)

implement more methods for vec_deque::IntoIter

use custom implementation of read_buf in Read for &'a FileDesc

futures: add AbortHandle::is_aborted()

cargo: enhance help texts of position args

only include stable lints in rustdoc::all group

rustdoc: perform name resolver cleanups

rustdoc: correctly handle links starting with whitespace

rustdoc: cleanup doc link extraction

rustfmt: use correct span for struct generics

bindgen: add support for enums with the wrapped static functions feature

clippy: add let_underscore_untyped lint

clippy: add question_mark_used lint

clippy: add the transmute_int_to_non_zero lint

clippy: add significant_drop_tightening lint

clippy: significant_drop_tightening: evaluate the return expression of a block

clippy: significant_drop_tightening: ignore inexpensive statements

clippy: fix false positives for extra_unused_type_parameters

clippy: stop bytes_nth from suggesting code that does not compile

clippy: stop doc_markdown requiring backticks on links to external websites

clippy: box_default: don't omit the type of the removed trait object

clippy: manual_let_else: do not suggest semantically different replacements

clippy: manual_let_else: let/else is not divergent by default

clippy: never_loop Fix false positive with labeled blocks

clippy: uninlined_format_args: do not inline argument with generic parameters

clippy: change unusual_byte_groupings to only require byte groupings of equal size

clippy: do not base map_entry lint suggestion on expanded code

clippy: fix needless_return incorrect suggestion when returning if sequence

clippy: ignore synthetic type parameters for extra_unused_type_parameters

clippy: liberate late-bound regions rather than erasing them in needless_pass_by_value

rust-analyzer: add v7 metadata support to rust-analyzer

rust-analyzer: don't assume VSCode internal commands in the server

rust-analyzer: support UTF-32 position encoding

rust-analyzer: adjust binding mode inlay hints to render better with @ patterns

rust-analyzer: bring back hovering call parens for return type info

rust-analyzer: don't expand macros in the same expansion tree after overflow

rust-analyzer: don't trigger postfix completion in if block which has an else block

rust-analyzer: search raw identifiers without prefix

rust-analyzer: trigger call info for more completions of signature having things

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

Overall a fairly positive week, with few noise-related regressions or improvements and many benchmarks showing significant improvements. The one large regression is limited to documentation builds and has at least a partial fix already planned.

Other wins this week include an average improvement of around 1% in maximum memory usage of optimized builds, and a 2% average reduction in compiled binary sizes. These are fairly significant wins for these metrics.

Triage done by @simulacrum. Revision range: 9bb6e60..3fee48c1

3 Regressions, 3 Improvements, 3 Mixed; 2 of them in rollups 45 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Tracking Issues & PRs

[disposition: merge] rustdoc: search by macro when query ends with !

[disposition: merge] Stabilize rustdoc --test-run-directory

[disposition: merge] Treat str as containing [u8] for auto trait purposes

New and Updated RFCs

[new] Stabilize may_dangle

[new] Add a [lints] table to Cargo.toml

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2023-02-22 - 2023-03-22 🦀

Virtual

2023-02-23 | Virtual (Charlottesville, VA, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Tock, a Rust based Embedded Operating System

2023-02-23 | Virtual (Kassel, DE) | Java User Group Hessen

Eine Einführung in Rust (Stefan Baumgartner)

2023-02-23 | Virtual (México City, MX) | Rust MX

Rust: ¿por qué es una opción adecuada para implantar Blockchain?

2023-02-24 | Virtual (Tunis, TN) | Rust Meetup Tunisia

Rust Meetup Tunisia - Volume I, Number II

2023-02-28 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | Open Tech School Berlin

Rust Hack and Learn

2023-02-28 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Rust Nation - What we learnt

2023-02-28 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Last Tuesday

2023-02-28 | Virtual (Munich, DE) | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2023 / 1 - hybrid

2023-03-01 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - Michael Baykov on Category Theory & Argument Parsing

2023-03-02 | Virtual (Linz, AT) | Rust Linz

Rust Meetup Linz - 30th Edition

2023-03-07 | Virtual (Buffalo, NY, US) | Buffalo Rust Meetup

First Tuesdays

2023-03-08 | Virtual (Boulder, CO, US) | Boulder Elixir and Rust

Monthly Meetup

2023-03-11 | Virtual | Rust GameDev

Rust GameDev Monthly Meetup

2023-03-14 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | Berlin.rs

Rust Hack and Learn

2023-03-15 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Injecting Rust Hooks into a 1999 game binary (unsafe)

2023-03-15 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2023-03-21 | Virtual (Washington, DC, US) | Rust DC

Mid-month Rustful

Asia

2023-03-04 | Kyoto, JP | Kansai Rust

Fn vs FnMut vs FnOnce

Europe

2023-02-23 | Bordeaux, FR | DedoTalk

#1 DedoTalk 🎙️ : Rust pour un développeur Python

2023-02-23 | Copenhagen, DK | Copenhagen Rust Community

Rust metup #33

2023-02-23 | Vienna, AT | Rust Vienna

Rust Meetup Revived with an Exciting Exploration of Ownership!

2023-02-28 | Munich, DE + Virtual | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2023 / 1 - hybrid

2023-02-28 | Nijmegen, NL | Rust Nederland

Regular track: Rust at RU

Student track: Rust at RU

2023-03-01 | Cologne, DE | Rust Cologne

Rust traits for Fn and profit

2023-03-02 | Barcelona, ES | BcnRust

9th BcnRust Meetup: Full Stack

2023-03-02 | Wrocław, PL | Rust Wrocław

Rust Wrocław Meetup #32

2023-03-07 | Bratislava, SK | Bratislava Rust Meetup Group

Rust Meetup by Sonalake

2023-03-09 | Basel, CH | Rust Basel

Rust Meetup #7

2023-03-09 | Delft, NL | Rust Nederland

Regular track: Embedded Rust

Student track: Embedded Rust

2023-03-09 | Lyon, FR | Rust Lyon

Rust Lyon Meetup #2

2023-03-15 | Nürnberg, DE | Rust Nuremberg

Walk around Embedded World Exhibition

North America

2023-02-23 | Mountain View, CA, US | Mountain View Rust Study Group

Rust Meetup at Hacker Dojo

2023-03-01 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch

2023-03-09 | Lehi, UT, US | Utah Rust

Trails, Triumphs, & Travails of Yet-Another-Database-Crate with PJ and Food!

Oceania

2023-02-23 | Brisbane, QLD, AU | Rust Brisbane

February Meetup

2023-02-28 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Canberra Rust User Group

February Meetup

2023-03-01 | Sydney, NSW, AU | Rust Sydney

🦀 Lightning Talks - We are back!

South America

2023-02-22 | Montevideo, UY | Rust Meetup Uruguay

Hands on: Lifetimes

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

It’s enjoyable to write Rust, which is maybe kind of weird to say, but it’s just the language is fantastic. It’s fun. You feel like a magician, and that never happens in other languages.

– Parker Timmerman cited in a TechnologyReview article

Thanks to robin for the suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[nhaneh]

@darquingdragon The idea is I want to try building a cat tracker... tracker? Yeah I know that sounds weird, let me try to explain.

My cat has this tracker device she wears that basically reads her GPS location every so often and then reports that to the internet via basically mobile phone networks in order to keep track of where she is and where she's been, effectively. Of course, with this being a pretty small device with limited battery capacity using only free GPS data, its accuracy is limited and sometimes the coverage for either GPS or phone networks can be a bit spotty. Also since her collar has a necessary emergency release mechanism in case it might get stuck on something, it's also something that she's had fall off on rare occasions.

Now to help facilitate better precision when attempting to locate either her or at least the tracker itself, it also supports Bluetooth Low Energy communication, albeit only over very short distances - problem is, the app for the tracker is ... not great at making use of the bluetooth feature? General bluetooth device finder apps do a much better job at it, but because the mobile app market being what it is, they're usually severely hampered by either ads or in-app purchases or both.

So. My plan is to take a bluetooth-enabled microcontroller like either the Raspberry Pi Pico W or an ESP32 or the like and see if I can basically make it just continuously scan for nearby bluetooth devices and report device names and signal strength, and also to lock a specific device as "main" to keep it listed even when out of contact. Basically make a kind of dedicated DIY gadget that can help me locate her tracker or any other bluetooth device in range, possibly also do the same kind of thing with wifi networks or devices or maybe even LoRa devices or whatever.

The plastic casing pictured above belongs to an IR thermometer that I bought for cheap with the explicit purpose of removing all its insides to make use of it for this very purpose - figure I'd use the display and button panel as an interface, stick a regular 18500 or 18650 lithium cell in the handle for power, and use a microcontroller to run it all as well as to scan for bluetooth stuff. In theory it should all be relatively simple stuff, I just need to decide what particular bits to put in it and see if I can get the tracking part working, heh.

so the thing I want is some kind of display module can fill at least most if not all of a 30 x 30 mm window while still fitting within the roughly 40 x 37 mm space, all while preferably being relatively simple to drive in terms of both power and data - bonus points for some kind of retro aesthetic like a monochrome dot matrix LCD but I'll take what I can get at this point.

It's being a bother because most displays seem to be rectangular rather than square, and also have their PCB stick out a fair bit beyond the actual display area. Comically, many are also at least Hi-Color displays which take more processing to drive due to a greater amount of data needing to be pushed compared to a simple single colour where every pixel is either on or off.

All I really need to display is like battery status, signal strength, and optionally the ability to switch between found devices and/or networks...

[raracool04]

A lot of us do want to use freeware and stuff but it’s always a major risk given how polluted the internet is with jerks who corrupt files/downloads and mess up our computers. Many of us don’t have the resources to mitigate every infection or loss :(

I think you're mixing up freeware and free and open source software. Freeware is monetarily free software, usually proprietary and closed source. Free and open source software (FOSS) is free (as in freedom from telemetry usually, but most of the time monetarily free too) is software that has published its code online for others to view, change, and make variations on. This causes it to be more secure since more eyes are on the code.

Always download from the original developers, which usually starts on GitHub. Here are a few links to the open source software I use every day.

OBS Studio - Good for recording and streaming footage, including screen recordings, includes plugin support, and people upload new plugins to their site constantly.

Ubuntu - I think I recommended Linux in the post you're coming from, and while switching from Windows or macOS is hard, one of the best introductions to Linux is Ubuntu or some Ubuntu based distribution, like Linux Mint.

Krita or GIMP - Part of what inspired me to make the initial post was the news about Clip Studio Paint fucking over the people who buy perpetual licenses. Krita and GIMP are FOSS and will always be free, I find that Krita is great for illustration whereas GIMP has a great background removal tool for manipulating photography.

Jellyfin - I initially recommended Plex as an alternative in the tags of the original post, I just realised that Plex is not actually open source. Jellyfin lets you store your own movies, TV shows, music, audiobooks and even playback live TV with a PC that can be as low power as a Raspberry Pi. This is to move away from streaming services like Netflix, HBO Max and Spotify that continually fuck over creators and consumers. There's even a demo of the Jellyfin UI on their website.

Firefox - This is one that probably doesn't need an introduction. The issue affecting web browsers right now is that all mainstream browsers, barring Firefox and Safari, run on Chromium, which means that Google has a massive say in how the internet is run, since developing websites for Chromium is the highest priority for a web developer. This problem has worsened with the looming Chromium update essentially disabling all adblock extensions, affecting all Chromium browsers. By using Firefox, not only do you retain adblock features, you also work against Chromium's steady march towards becoming a monopoly of the entire internet.

And finally, I want to address your claim that "many of us don't have the resources to mitigate every infection or loss". I am absolutely empathic to data loss thanks to malware, it almost happened to me a few days ago. The one thing I disagree with is the idea that unless you have a good computer, there is no way to prevent or fix data loss. If you choose to stay on Windows, be sure to frequently make system restore points in case your PC becomes unstable, and to avoid data loss, use virtual machines to test out software you don't trust before using it on your main PC. As general security advice on Windows, most antivirus is unnecessary. Windows Defender is quite good at catching malware and removing it, and installing third party antivirus more often than not just slows down your PC and tracks you.

I really hope this helps. There is a small amount of research to find good FOSS alternatives to your everyday software, and there is of course a learning curve to the more advanced software, but in general I would rate them as more secure to install than most closed source alternatives, and I believe it will benefit you and our general technology usage by a lot. If you want more open source alternatives to the software you use every day, I would recommend looking it up on alternativeto.net. I understand this was a long ass post but your concerns are frequent and valid and I wanted to just set the record straight. Ask again if you have any more questions.

[fxaa]

mods are asleep post raspberry pi gaming rig

[ID: a black computer case with its side panel removed. A tiny raspberry pi board is in the center being held up by cables connecting it to peripherals.]

[linuxdemy]

Basic LINUX commands

When you hear of Linux, most people think of a complex operating system that is only used by programmers. But it’s not as weird as it sounds.

When running a Linux OS, you need to use a shell—an interface that allows you access to the resources of the operating system. The shell is a program that receives commands from the user and gives them to the OS to process and displays the output. The shell of Linux is its core component. Its distros come from the GUI (Graphical User Interface), but essentially, Linux has a CLI (Command-Line Interface). To open the terminal, press Ctrl+Alt+T in Ubuntu, or press Alt+F2, type gnome-terminal, and press Enter. In Raspberry Pi, type lxterminal.

Shell is the user interface responsible for handling all CLI typed commands. Reads and interprets commands and instructs the operating system to execute tasks as requested. In other words, a shell is a user interface that controls the CLI and functions as a man-in-the-middle interface that links users to the operating system.

And if you’re thinking of using Linux, knowing primary command lines is going a long way. Here is a list of basic Linux commands:

pwd-Use the pwd command to find the direction of the actual working directory (folder) you are in. The command returns an absolute (full) path, which is essentially the path of all directories beginning with the forward slash (/). The/home/username is an example of an utter road.

cd-Use the cd command to browse through Linux files and folders. It needs either the full path or the directory name, depending on the current working directory you’re in. Let’s assume you’re in/home/username/Documents and you want to go to Images, the Documents subdirectory. To do this, simply type the following command: cd Images. Know, this command is case sensitive, and you have to type the folder name exactly as it is.

ls-Use the “ls” command to know which files are in the directory you are in. You can see all the secret files using the command “ls-a.” If you want to know the contents of other folders, type ls, and then the directory path. For example, enter ls/home/username/Documents to display the contents of the Documents.

mkdir & rmdir-Use the mkdir command to build a new directory—if you type mkdir Music, a directory called Music will be formed. Use this Linux simple command mkdir Music/Newfile to create a new directory within another directory. Use the choice p(parents) to create a guide between two existing directories. For example, a new “2020” file will be generated by mkdir-p Music/2020/Newfile.

rm-Use rm to remove files and folders. Using “rm-r” to uninstall the directory. Deletes both the folder and the files that it holds by using just the rm button.

touch-The touch command is used to construct a file. It may be anything from an empty text file to an open zip file. “Touch new.txt” for example.

locate-You can use this command to locate a file, much like the Windows search command. What’s more, using the-i argument along with this command will make it case-insensitive, so you can scan for a file even if you don’t know its exact name. To check for a file containing two or more words, use an asterisk (*). For example, locate-i school*note will search for any file that contains the names “school” and “note” whether it is a case or case.

man & –help – Use the man button to know more about the command and how to use it. Shows the man pages of the command. For example, “man cd” shows the cd command manual pages. Typing the name of the command and the argument allows you to see how the command can be used (e.g., cd-help).

cp – Use the cp command to copy files from the current directory to another directory.

mv – Use the mv command to transfer files around the command line. We may also use the command mv to rename a file. For example, if we want to change the name of the file “text” to “new,” we can use “mv text new.” It takes the two arguments, much like the command cp.

Here are a few more complicated commands that should prove very useful:

cat – One of the most commonly used commands in Linux is cat – (short for concatenate). Used to list a file’s contents on the standard output. To run this command, type cat, followed by a file name and an extension of that file. Cat file.txt, for example.

diff- The diff command, short for difference, compares the contents of two files line by line. It will output the lines that do not fit after evaluating the files. Programmers also use this order instead of rewriting the entire source code when they need to make program alterations.

job-Job command shows all current employment along with their status. A work is simply a mechanism triggered by the shell.

find – Similar to the locate command, you can also use find to scan for files and folders. The difference is that you use the find command to locate files inside a directory. For example, find/home/-name notes.txt can search for a file called notes.txt in the home directory and its subdirectories.

echo – The “echo” command lets us transfer some data usually text, to a file. For example, if you want to build a new text file or add a text file, you just need to type “echo hello, my name is alok >> new.txt.”

grep – Another simple Linux command that is certainly useful for daily use is grep. It helps you to browse through all the text in a given file.

head – The head command is used to display the first rows of any text file. By default, the first 10 lines will be shown, but you can change that number to your taste.

tail – This one has a similar feature to the head command, but instead of displaying the first lines, the tail command shows the last ten lines of the text file.

ping – Using ping to verify your link to your server. Ping is a computer network management software utility used to measure the accessibility of an Internet Protocol (IP) network host.

kill -If you have a non-responsive program, you can terminate it manually by using the kill button. Sends an essential signal to the misbehaviour app and instructs the app to release itself. There are a total of sixty-four signals that you can use but people typically only use two signals: SIGTERM (15)-requests a program to stop running and give it some time to save all of its development. If you do not mention a signal when entering the kill command, this signal will be used. There’s also SIGKILL (9)-forces programs to stop immediately. Unsaved progress is going to be lost.

Basic Linux commands allow users to quickly and easily perform tasks. It might take a while to learn some of the simple commands, but with plenty of practice, nothing is impossible. In the end, it would undoubtedly be helpful for you to learn and master these simple Linux commands.

[vergess]

i'd be really interested in hearing more about linux from you! i've had a windows-shaped chip on my shoulder for goddamn years (let me manage my software efficiently let me customize my computer to its smallet atom let me remove the thirty goddamn piles of telemetry windows installs to get you to use bing) but i've always found forum threads on it to be mostly by people who already use linux talking to each other.

i know asking 'what's good about linux' is a bit redundant, since it depends on the distro-- but how was the switch? has your particular distro been your go-to, have you switched around, etcetera?

Oh yeah, that makes sense. The kind of stuff that would ten to have longevity is, I imagine, all related to troubleshooting how to perform really specific tasks on a particular distribution rather than anything like.... broad?

I can kind of run through the ones I've used though, for sure.

Aside from a computer lab we used exactly one (1) time in high school that was running on clients run by a unix server, I was a purely Windows only person from 1996 to 2009, when my dad's ancient eMachine could no longer run windows. He only needed it for looking up recipes and sending email so we decided to try ubuntu since it was generally considered the "only" entry level linux distro for windows users then.

Now, I doubt that was an accuracte characterization of options. But, much like you, I was faced primarily with forums discussing really specialized troubleshooting for most other major distributions available.

Plus ubuntu was 1) free 2) easy to download and install with a blank DVD I already had on hand that day.

It was, like. Fine. I had never really operated a terminal beyond doing really basic copy pasting and ip pinging in the windows command line. So that was super intimidating, and much harder to avoid back then. The user interface was "upside down" to me, since the idea of a top toolbar wasn't really something I'd ever done. But honestly it mostly worked the same way. Similar icons in similar places, programs opened in the same kind of menu, etc.

The first distribution I personally used for any meaningful period of time was Linux Mint, which you'll note is still my personal favourite based on past recommendations lol. That was around 2012, when I started dual booting it and windows. By 2014, I had gotten used to it enough to start fucking around with it more full time, certain that I could deal with any weird problems before they interupted my work or anything like that.

But it wasn't really until around 2018 that I could confidently start recommending Linux to most windows users and be certain the transition would be relatively comfortable. Around then, graphical interfaces for programs started becoming much more common. With this most recent installation I just did, I didn't have to use the terminal (command line) at any point at all. I did use it a few times because it was faster since I had the codes memorized, or in a few cases the codes were provided for copy pasting and it was faster than graphical navigation. But mostly, you can do anything you need to in the software manager these days.

Since then, I've tried a few other distributions, but honestly Linux Mint for desktop and LineageOS for phone really cover my bases in terms of ease of use vs control of experience.

I've tried Elementary OS, which I found particularly good for replacing windows on netbooks. It's good, but not my speed.Now that KDE supports touchscreens, most lightweight hardware I would suggest Kubuntu instead for anything I would have suggested elementary.

Kubuntu is what I run on my raspberry pi's touchscreen for handling my pi-hole adblocker. It's very, very lightweight, as evidenced by running an entire hd touchscreen off a battery driven raspberry pi. Lineage was too resource heavy to run on a pi, but it is my suggestion for any tablet or phone that initially ran on android.

I've never tried cinnamon on a touchscreen tbqh. But I did use it as my desktop environment for many years on linux mint.

So now I'm starting to get into some weird specialty terms that you would never have in windows.

Basically, when you think of a linux distribution, you can think of it as having two parts. There's the specific development group, like Mint or Kubuntu. And there's the framework they are developing within. Like KDE Plasma, XFCE, CInnamon, or GNOME. So, there are certain similarities in the way groups of distributions look and behave, as well as what hardware they work best on.

The good news is if you have a computer that runs windows, it is already more than strong enough to run every kind of linux there is.

"Type of hardware" in this case tends to refer to stuff like raspberry pis or low power netbooks, etc that never had windows in the first place.

Anyway, I personally like XFCE. Everything is very snappy, with straight lines, not a lot of transparency or curves or graphical effects. I like a very plain desktop environment. My favourite XFCE is the XFCE branch of Linux Mint.

If you like something more visually rich, with transparent windows and such, you want either GNOME for something that is fancied up right out the gate, or KDE Plasma for something that has the maximum amount of customization including ALL the fanciest bits and pieces. My preferred GNOME is Arch, but in terms of suggestions for coming in from windows, I definitely suggest Ubuntu instead. For Plasma, Kubuntu is my go to. Fedora never really did it for me.

Cinnamon was designed specifically with making the transition from Windows as comfortable as possible while also maximizing the fun stuff available, and is pretty similar to GNOME in terms of how much it offers. I prefer Mint for this as well, though again Arch is a good one if you're willing to be a bit more ambitious about the changeover.

Anyway, now that I've taken the maximum possible amount of time... "What's good about linux?"

I like how much faster everything responds even on very old and slow computers. The hardware support is very robust, and unless you have an extremely advanced, state of the art gaming or animation rig that is less than 6 months old, every piece of hardware you have is going to be supported by some kind of linux.

I mean shit, dude, ubuntu can run your fridge. Or your city's traffic controllers.

Almost anything you can do on windows or mac you can do on linux, and most of the time you can do it faster and easier. The only stumbling block is that some of the skills you use for windows, especially troubleshooting skills, really don't translate.

But, these days, support communities are so wide spread and have such low barriers to entry that basically every problem can be solved pretty quickly. You just have to be ready to struggle to learn new skills like "how to tell if a forum is good" and "how to copy paste a log file into a comment and wait 6 hours for the one dude in like Lesotho who knows how to solve this problem for you to log on" and "forcing yourself to read the reddit comments for your solution even though reddit's whole design makes your migraines sooooooooo bad."

So basically the "difficult" parts are more tedious than truly hard.

But honestly, you will be surprised how comparatively few problems you run into compared to windows, with its constant lagging and resetting stupid shit you turned off two weeks ago because of an update or whatever.

[whattolearntoday]

August 18th is...

Bad Poetry Day - Whether using sonnets, limericks, free verse or haiku, poetry certainly has the potential to be beautiful and powerful–but it can also be very, very awful. Of course it’s true that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, which probably also means that the judgment of what types of poetry are bad or good are relative based on personal preference. However, in some cases, poetry can just be so bad that everyone agrees that no good can come of it! 

Fajita Day -  In the early 1930s, Mexican vaqueros in Southwest Texas developed what we’ve grown to love all over the United States. Using throwaway cuts of beef, they developed the fajita. However, it wasn’t long before they became a staple in the region. These cowboys cooked the steak over an open fire or grill. Once cooked, they served it with flour or corn tortillas. In later years, fresh Pico de gallo, guacamole, and southwestern spices elevated the fajita. Soon the convenient meal for hardworking cowboys made an introduction to new audiences. The fajita became a destination food in the culinary world.

Ice Cream Pie Day -  First came putting ice cream on pies. The natural next step would be making ice cream into pies. With all the flavors available, our options are unlimited! Plus, when we figure in the types of crusts to make with ice cream pie, the concept is beyond delightful.

Mail Order Catalog Day - This day marks the anniversary of the first Montgomery Wards mail order catalog. On this day in 1872, Aaron Montgomery Ward of Chicago produced a catalog designed for direct order via mail. He aimed to remove the middleman from the business of buying and selling. As a result, he also drastically lowered prices.  The very first catalog consisted of an 8 by 12-inch single sheet of paper. On it, Ward included the merchandise for sale, price list, and ordering instructions. Before long, the Montgomery Wards single-page list of products grew into a 540 page illustrated book selling over 20,000 items. 

Never Give Up Day - This day is all about cultivating a mindset of determination, which helps us to get through all of the difficult challenges that life throws our way. It is about motivating and inspiring ourselves and others

Pinot Noir Day - Since Pinot Noir’s high acidity along with the lower tannins, it complements food nicely. The dry wine includes hints of cherry and raspberry, as well as earthy flavors and notes of floral. It’s one of the world’s favorite red wines. One Pinot Noir grown and produced in Burgundy, France bears the name of the region. France also produces more Pinot Noir than any other country. However, today the grape is grown all over the world. The soil, climate, and how it is processed all impact the flavors.

Serendipity Day -  Serendipity is the term for a “happy accident” or a “pleasant surprise.” Thus, this day encourages people to look for and notice those unexpected good things that are always out there, if people would just have the eyes to see them.

[lifepros]

#12663

Buy a raspberry pi and setup a pihole!

I’ve recently setup a pihole, and I’m amazed how well it does at blocking ads in mobile demos, games, websites, and anything else. The initial cost is that of a raspberry pi and the time to set it up (about 15-30 mins).

On top of that, you also learn how sketchy and questionable some of your most frequent websites are. Spend the $35 (plus the cost of a case) and remove ads from your life … phone, pc, TVs, etc.

Fuck ads.

[rainpuddle13]

👀 😁

Thank you 💕

This little ficbit was inspired by an autumn Ross/Demelza baking mood board that made the rounds.  This is part of the first section. I have quite a lot of it written, but then I stopped because I thought it was overly indulgent and maybe no one would want to read it :P

Thank you for the ask, @super-radix-fan. Love you oodles! 💖

~*~*~*~*~*~

Ross was on the hunt for apple cider donuts. 

He’d had them the previous fall while on a business trip to upstate New York.  Trip itself was a bust, but the scenery had been spectacular with the trees in full riot of fall colors against crisp blue skies. His hosts had insisted on an orchard tour to show him some of the local sights in order to entice him to invest in the area.  He went along grudgingly, but the afternoon took a turn for the better when he discovered the stand selling mulled cider and donuts.

Those donuts were simply the most delicious things he’d ever tasted in his life -- loads of cinnamon and nutmeg with the delicious tang of fresh apple cider  -- it was almost as if he’d just tasted a bit of heaven. 

 He’d thought of them ever since. 

The crisp cool mornings that had ushered in fall a year later had him thinking of those donuts once again. He was up at sunrise and outside in the chilly air blowing in off the Celtic Sea overseeing some work being done to the stone wall that fronted the property at the old family estate, a large mug of steaming black coffee in his hand. He wouldn’t regret returning to the quiet of home after several years of living abroad, but that just meant he was now thousands of miles away from the apple orchards of New York.

His search for the donuts once he’d returned home had been literally fruitless. No one had ever heard of them and he’d been hard pressed to find a baker who was willing to take a special order.. The one place he’d found in London that had charged him an exorbitant price for a dozen of heavy, way too cinnamon-y lumps of dough they dared to call a donut. Then to add insult to injury they used British apple cider, not the non-alcoholic American version for some sort of glaze. 

On a whim he drove into Sawle after Zacky told him there was a new bake shop in the village. A small place apparently, but amazing pastries, owned by a local girl.  He found it with little trouble. The front of the tiny (and that was being generous) shop was painted a cheerful yellow and in the window display were mouthwatering looking pies and cakes nestled among the colorful fall decorations. The hand painted sign on the door read “The Littlest Bake Shoppe”. 

 The delicitible warm scents of vanilla and sugar and butter enveloped him the moment he stepped in the door.  There was a small counter and glass case to the left of the narrow space and three wooden tables and a few chairs to the right. There was a chalkboard menu with that day’s offerings and prices hung on the back wall. The space was neat and tidy, and like the outside, bright and cheerful. A bell had announced his arrival when he’d come in the door.

Ross spent a few moments looking over the offerings in the case and trying to decide which ones he was going to take home.  Several of the plates and trays in the case were empty with a little card that read “Sold Out” and left him wondering just what he’d missed out on.

“Can I help you?” 

He startled a bit at the sound of a young woman’s voice, having been so distracted by the wares on display, but then nearly forgot how to speak when he looked up to see who had addressed him. She obviously was the mastermind of the baked goods in the case if her flour covered apron was any indication, but beyond that she was simply the most lovely person he’d ever seen with her messy red hair and blue eyes and brilliant smile.

Ross cleared his throat and straightened up. “I’ll have the raspberry tart.”

“Good choice,” she said, smiling and reaching for a box from the shelf behind the counter. “I’m surprised it is still here.”

“Popular then?”

“Very.”

“Four of the potato and leek pasties as well,” he found himself saying while trying very hard not to stare at her.  “Who does all this baking?”

She laughed as she leaned into the case to carefully remove the rustic tart to place in the black and white checkerboard paper lined box.  “I do.”

“What time do you get here?”

“Usually half past three, and I do have help,” she answered, gathering the pasties to also box up.  “We open at seven.”

He made a mental note of the time since he was often this way that early.  “Good to know.”

“Anything else?” she asked.

Ross looked over the case again to a lone chocolate cupcake sitting on a glass plate.  “I’ll have that cupcake, a cup of black coffee, and your name.”

Her cheeks turned a lovely shade of pink when she ducked her head a bit. “Demelza. My name is Demelza Carne.”

“I’m Ross.”  He felt slightly guilty for not stating his last name was Poldark, but she obviously had not recognized him. The family was well known in the area, for better or for worse, and he didn’t want to get off on the wrong foot with her. It’s not like she wouldn’t see it on his card or when he signed the receipt anyway.

“Just have a seat, R-Ross.” Her adorable little blush deepened. “It’ll be a few minutes to brew you fresh coffee.”

He smiled and gave her a little nod. It’d been a long time since he had a very pretty woman react that way to him, and he had to admit it was rather nice. He wandered over to take the seat closest to the door and tried very hard to stare after her as she went about plating his order while humming to herself.  The local newspaper had never been so interesting.

“I’ll have to warn you this cupcake is dangerously chocolate,” she said, placing a china plate laced with a blue floral pattern in front of him followed by a steaming cup of coffee in a plain white mug. 

He took up the fork that had come wrapped in a blue gingham napkin.  “There is no such thing.”

Demelza just smiled.  “I’ll leave you to it.”