#sugar exports from brazil

[seairexim]

The Sweet Success of Brazil Sugar Export Industry

In terms of exporting sugar, Brazil leads agricultural manufacturing worldwide, without question. Usually constructed from sugarcane, sugar is a staple of human food and is vital for international meal delivery structures. Together with different major producers, inclusive of China, Thailand, India, and the US, Brazil accounts for greater than 75% of world sugar manufacturing. Brazil might still be the pinnacle sugar manufacturer and exporter inside the world by 2022. This article looks at the motives for Brazil sugar export industry, gift tendencies, and destiny possibilities.

What Brazil's Sugar Exports Mean

One important factor in the economy of Brazil is the Brazil sugar export market. Brazil's rich terrain and temperate temperature make it a perfect place to grow sugarcane, which sustains millions of people's lives and generates significant income. Being the largest sugar exporter in the world, Brazil is essential to the worldwide supply chain.

Current Developments in the Sugar Industry of Brazil Rising Export Volumes

Brazil has always exported a lot of sugar, frequently more than 30 million tonnes a year. The constant output highlights Brazil's leading position in the world market. With rising investments in production capacity, the sugar export market in Brazil exhibits flexibility and resilience.

Export Destinations Diversification

Among Brazil's export targets are China, India, and the European Union. By diversifying, one lowers the risk of depending too much on one market. Sugar exporters in Brazil are aggressively looking for fresh chances to guarantee steady expansion and market presence.

World Sugar Demand is Rising in Developing Nations

Rising sugar consumption in developing countries is being driven by urbanisation and industrialization. As their food and beverage industries grow, nations like China and India are seeing notable increases in demand. Countries like Brazil, which export directly, gain from this growing demand.

News on Health and Sugar Substitutes

A slow move towards alternatives is being caused by the increasing attention given to the health consequences of sugar, despite the increasing calls. This trend has affected sugar exports from Brazil and future calls for styles.

Technological Progress

Technology Advancements in Agriculture

Brazilian farmers are adopting cutting-edge techniques to increase outputs and cut expenses, such as genetically modified crops and precision farming. Higher volumes of sugar exported from Brazil are also greatly aided by better irrigation methods.

Industry Automation

Processing plant automation raises production and efficiency. Brazil remains the world's top sugar exporter because of technologies like automated harvesting, which guarantees high-quality production at lower costs.

Agriculture Sustainability

Organic Agriculture Methods

The awareness of sustainability is rising, and Brazil leads the way in environmentally friendly farming methods. Major initiatives are to improve soil fitness and use fewer pesticides. These procedures help to sustain the high standards that Brazilian sugar exporters had anticipated.

Creation of Bioenergy

With two uses in the production of sugar and ethanol, sugarcane is a valuable crop in sustainable power solutions. Similarly increasing the significance of Brazilian sugar exports is ethanol produced from sugarcane, a major renewable biofuel.

Issues in the Market

Effects of Climate Change

The exchange of climate is a huge task because different weather patterns have an impact on sugarcane harvests. The whole supply chain is impacted by these interruptions, as is the dependability of Brazil's sugar exports.

Economic ups and downs

Sugar prices are subject to changes in the world economy. Brazilian sugar exporters may find themselves in difficult circumstances as a result of changes in exchange rates and economic downturns in importing countries.

Future Trend Predictions Sustaining Market Growth The food industry is growing, and the world population is rising; hence, sugar demand is predicted to rise. Brazil is positioned to continue to dominate among sugar exporting countries.

Trend Towards Organic Sugar Demand for less processed and organic sugar is being driven by health-conscious consumers. Brazil might have to change its production techniques to meet this market niche and guarantee steady sugar exports from the country.

Effect of Trade Agreements Lowering Trade Barriers

Brazil is aggressively seeking trade deals to lower tariffs and improve market access, therefore fortifying its competitive position as the world's largest sugar exporter.

Regional Development

New trade agreements can increase Brazil's export potential and solidify its position among the world's top sugar exporters by opening up hitherto unexplored markets, especially in Asia and Africa.

Economic Aspects of Revenue Generation in Brazil

Exports of sugar bring in a lot of money and help several economic sectors, including logistics and agriculture. The strong Brazilian sugar export sector guarantees steady economic expansion.

Career Options

Millions of people have jobs thanks to the sugar business, which advances the socioeconomic growth of the nation. A vital part of maintaining employment and economic stability in Brazil is played by sugar exporters.

Brazil Against Other Sugar Exporters Competitive Edge

Large-scale farms, Brazil's climate, and sophisticated technology set it apart from other suppliers including India and Thailand. This benefit enables Brazil to keep the rank of the biggest exporter of sugar worldwide.

Economic Share

Keeping a sizable market share, Brazil keeps exceeding rivals in terms of volume and quality of sugar exported. This supremacy helps to explain its ranking among the top sugar exporting nations.

Consumer Preferences and Changes in the Market Health-conscious consumers

Growing health concerns drive consumers towards natural, less processed sugars. Brazil is adjusting to changing tastes by pushing organic sugar products, therefore guaranteeing ongoing demand for Brazilian sugar exports.

Specialty Sugar Demand

Speciality sugars, including raw and unprocessed forms, are in increasing demand. By expanding its product line to fit these specific markets, Brazil is confirming its leadership in sugar exports.

The function of Government Policies Promoting Exports

Brazil's sugar sector is sustained by government policies, subsidies, and infrastructural expenditures, which help it remain the world's top sugar exporter.

Standards & Regulations

Strict rules guarantee that Brazilian sugar satisfies international standards, which increases its attractiveness to purchasers worldwide and guarantees a steady supply from Brazilian sugar exporters.

Conclusion

Within the international sugar trade, Brazil's sugar export market is quite important. Brazil is well-positioned to keep leading the way because of its cutting-edge technology, environmentally friendly practices, and strategic trade deals. The outlooks and tendencies for this important sector will change along with the world. You can, however, also use a variety of websites, such as Eximpedia and Seair Exim Solutions, to obtain import and export data reports, including extensive analysis.

[henrywilson123]

Brazil dominates global sugar production and exportation, vital for worldwide food supply chains. Alongside major producers like China, Thailand, India, and the United States, it contributes over 75% of the world's sugar. This blog explores Brazil's sugar industry motivations, current trends, and future prospects.

Visit Blog: https://medium.com/@seair.exim/brazil-sugar-exports-trends-shaping-the-future-market-d5eed3970182

[fatehbaz]

There is a direct connection between the expansion of [...] new [coffee] consumer culture in Europe [...] and the expansion of plantation slavery in the Caribbean. [...] [S]lave-based coffee was more important to the Dutch [Netherlands] economy than previously [acknowledged] [...]. [T]he phenomenal growth of [plantation slavery in] Saint Domingue [the French colony of Haiti] was partly made possible by the export market along the Rhine that was opened up by the Dutch Republic. [...] [E]arly in the eighteenth century, the Dutch and French began production in their respective West Indian colonies [...]. [C]offee was still a very exclusive product in Europe. [...] From the late 1720s, [...] in the Netherlands [...] coffee was especially widespread [...]. From the late 1750s the volume of Atlantic coffee production [...] increased significantly. It was at that time that the habit of drinking coffee spread further inland [...] [especially] in Rhineland Germany [...] [and] inland Germany [due to Dutch shipments via the river].

Although its consumption may not have been as widespread as the tea-sugar complex in Britain, there certainly was a similar ‘coffee-sugar complex’ in continental Europe [...] spread during the eighteenth century [...]. The total amount of coffee imported to Europe (excluding the Italian [...] trade) was less than 4 million pounds per year during 1723–7 and rose to almost 100 million pounds per year around 1788 [...]. In 1790 [...] almost half of the value of [Dutch] exports over the Rhine [to Germany] was coffee. [...]

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The rising prices in the 1760s encouraged more investment in coffee in Dutch Guiana and the start of new plantations in Saint Domingue [Haiti]. Production in Saint Domingue skyrocketed and surpassed all the others, so that this colony provided 60% of all the coffee in the world by 1789. [Necessitating more slave labor. The Haitian revolution would manifest about a decade later.] [...]

In French historiography, the ‘Dutch problems’ are considered to be the slave revolts (the Boni-maroon wars) [at Dutch plantations]. [...] France made use of the Dutch ‘troubles’ to expand its market share and coffee production in Saint Domingue [Haiti], which accelerated at an exponential rate. [...]

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[T]he Dutch Guianas [were] producing over a third of the coffee consumed in Europe [...] [by] 1767. [...] The Dutch flooded the Rhine region with coffee and sugar, creating a lasting demand for both commodities, as the two are typically consumed together. [...] [T]he history of the slave-based coffee production in Surinam and Saint Domingue [Haiti] was pivotal in starting the mass consumption of coffee in Europe. [...] Slave-based coffee production was also crucial [...] in Brazil during the 'second slavery', where slavery existed on an enormous scale and was reshaped in the world's biggest coffee producing country [later] during the nineteenth century. [...] The Dutch merchant-bankers organised coffee investment, enslavement, and planting and selling; [all] while not leaving the town of Amsterdam [...].

[This market] expansion ends in crisis [...] - a crisis caused by uprisings and revolutions, most notably, the Haitian one. Yet Germans still liked coffee. And the Dutch colonial merchant-banker[s] [...] learned something about [...] production, and perhaps also something about the role of the state in labour control: as soon as they could, they sent Johannes van der Bosch [Dutch governor-general of the East Indies] to Surinam and Java in order to solve the labour issues and expand the colonial production of coffee [by imposing in Java the notoriously brutal cultuurstelsel "enforced planting" regime, followed later by the "Coolie Ordinance" laws allowing plantation owners to discipline "disobedient" workers, with millions of workers on Java plantations, lasting into the twentieth century].

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Text above by: Tamira Combrink. "Slave-based coffee in the eighteenth-century and the role of the Dutch in global commodity chains". Slavery & Abolition Volume 42, Issue 1, pages 15-42. Published online 28 February 2021. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. All of that italicized text within brackets was added by me for clarity and context; apologies to Combrink. Presented here for commentary, teaching, criticism.]

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

‘Losing Noah’s Ark’: Brazil’s plan to turn the Pantanal into waterway threatens world’s biggest wetland

As the evening sky turns violet, the animals of the Pantanal gather near the water. Capybaras swim in tight formation, roseate spoonbills add smudges of pink to the riverbanks, the rumble of a jaguar pulsates from the forest.

This tropical wetland is the largest on Earth, stretching across Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia, and playing host to some of the greatest gatherings of animals anywhere.

Now, scientists say the survival of the entire biome is at risk.

“The Pantanal is like Noah’s Ark. It is home to animals that are disappearing … a place where those at risk of extinction can survive,” says Pierre Girard, a professor at the Federal University of Mato Grosso.

“That could be about to change,” he says. “The Pantanal, as we know it, could soon cease to exist.”

The 170,000 sq km (42m acre) wild expanse harbours one of the world’s most biologically rich environments, with at least 380 species of fish, 580 types of birds and 2,272 different plants. It is one of the main refuges for jaguars and houses a host of vulnerable and endangered species, including giant river otters, giant armadillos and hyacinth macaws.

But plans are under way to revive plans for the Paraguay River,one of the Pantanal’s main arteries, to be turned into an industrial shipping route for crops such as soya beans and sugar.

Political proponents say the waterway would reduce costs and time for exporting agricultural commodities to North America, Europe and Asia but critics warn that its creation – which involves building new ports, possibly straightening bends and meanders, and large-scale dredging – would cause irreversible damage to the wetland and its wildlife.

“It seems a high price to pay: destroying the Pantanal, one of the world’s unique systems, to reduce the price of grain,” says Carolina Joana da Silva, a professor at Mato Grosso State University. “It is a war – a war which risks extinction.”

Continue reading.

[dailyanarchistposts]

People

Hunger Has Natural Causes, Right?

Despite the fact that the world produces 1.5 times as much food as is needed to feed the human population, starvation and famine are endemic to modern capitalism. 900 million people die from starvation each year, but there is no global shortage of land to grow food. The UN estimates that there is enough land to feed a world population of 14 billion people. But what is it being used for? As in the ‘developed’ North, large landowners control the vast majority of land. In 83 countries, 3% of farmers control 79% of farmland, much of it left unused in order to maintain profits. Big Food made over $7bn profit from the South in 1990, and probably far more through transfer payments. It uses its economic power to force down the prices of rice, coffee, sugar, cocoa and cotton. Average prices in 1989 were 20% down on those of 1980. This led to an increase in foreign debt for Southern countries, with consequent increased economic hardship for the poor majority (higher taxes, inflation, etc.). Brazil has an area of farmland the size of India left uncultivated while 20 million rural poor are landless; the richest 1% owns 15 times as much land as the poorest 56% of Brazilian farmers. In Guatemala, 2% of landowners own 66% of the land. In the Philippines agribusiness producing sugar, cotton and pineapples for export has pushed 12 million peasants into the lowland forests.

Drought in Africa is part of a millennia-long cycle that human societies adapted to. It is cash crop exploitation, the market economy and taxation that produce starvation, not drought. During the 1970s, when famines first began to be reported regularly, ships that brought relief supplies to the port of Dakar left carrying peanuts, cotton, vegetables, and meat. In Bangladesh, often cited as the model for the Malthusian argument, 90% of the land is worked by sharecroppers and labourers. Many starved after the 1974 floods, while hoarders held on to four million tons of rice. In the mid-80’s severe famines occurred in the Sahel countries of Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Chad yet during the same period record harvests of cotton were exported to the industrial centres of the world.

Cash crops go to feed the global supermarket, yielding higher profits for international capital and accelerating global industrialisation. Mexican soil and labour supplies almost 70% of the US market for much winter and early spring vegetables. The result is that agriculture for local consumption is squeezed out and the prices of staple foods rise. Up to 50% of total meat production in Central America is exported, mainly to North America. The “Green Revolution” of the 1970s and 1980s, that the ruling class said would feed the hungry, has in fact only supplied the global supermarket. The same will certainly be true of the ‘wonder crops’ of the GM revolution. The corporate claims that GM and industrial food production in general will ‘feed the world’ are straightforward lies. The maize/soya/ animal product system they are pushing so heavily is not a rational way to produce food — an acre of cereal is estimated to produce 5 times as much protein as one devoted to meat production, an acre of legumes (beans, peas, lentils) 10 times as much and an acre of leafy vegetables 15 times as much.

[beardedmrbean]

French farming unions are taking aim at the European Union’s free-trade agreements, which they say open the door to unfair competition from products arriving from overseas. At a time when the EU is urging farmers to adopt more sustainable – and sometimes more costly – agricultural practices, unions say these trade deals are making it hard for them to stay solvent.

French farmers say that one of their biggest fears is that Chilean apples, Brazilian grains and Canadian beef will flood the European market, thereby undermining their livelihoods. France’s farmers continued to demonstrate on the country’s motorways on Wednesday, protesting against rising costs, over-regulation and free-trade agreements –partnerships between the EU and exporting nations that the farming unions say leads to unfair competition. 

The EU has signed several free-trade agreements in recent years, all with the objective of facilitating the movement of goods and services. But farmers say the deals bring with them insurmountable challenges.

"These agreements aim to reduce customs duties, with maximum quotas for certain agricultural products and non-tariff barriers," said Elvire Fabry, senior researcher at the Jacques Delors Institute, a French think-tank dedicated to European affairs. "They also have an increasingly broad regulatory scope to promote European standards for investment, protection of intellectual property, geographical indications and sustainable development standards."

South American trade deal in the crosshairs

Some non-EU countries – such as Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland – maintain comprehensive free-trade agreements with the EU because they are part of the European Economic Area. This allows them to benefit from the free movement of goods, services, capital and people.

Other nations farther afield have signed more variable agreements with the EU, including Canada, Japan, Mexico, Vietnam and Ukraine. The EU also recently signed an accord with Kenya and a deal with New Zealand that will come into force this year; negotiations are also under way with India and Australia.    

However, a draft agreement between the EU and the South American trade bloc Mercosur is creating the most concern. Under discussion since the 1990s, this trade partnership between Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay would create the world's largest free-trade area, a market encompassing 780 million people. 

French farmers are particularly concerned about the deal’s possible effect on agriculture. The most recent version of the text introduces quotas for Mercosur countries to export 99,000 tonnes of beef, 100,000 tonnes of poultry and 180,000 tonnes of sugar per year, with little or no customs duties imposed. In exchange, duties would also be lowered on exports from the EU on many “protected designation of origin” (PDO) products. 

At a time when the EU is urging farmers to adopt more sustainable agricultural practices, French unions say these agreements would open the door to massive imports – at more competitive prices – of products that do not meet the same environmental standards as those originating in Europe. French farmers are calling out what they say is unfair competition from farmers in South America who can grow GMO crops and use growth-promoting antibiotics on livestock, which is banned in the EU. 

Trade unions from various sectors went into action after the European Commission informed them on January 24 that negotiations with Mercosur could be concluded "before the end of this mandate", i.e., before the European Parliament elections in June.      

The FNSEA, France’s biggest farming union, immediately called for a "clear rejection of free-trade agreements" while the pro-environmental farming group Confédération Paysanne (Farmers' Confederation) called for an "immediate end to negotiations" on this type of agreement.   

A mixed record

"In reality, the impact of these free-trade agreements varies from sector to sector," said Fabry. "Negotiations prior to agreements aim to calibrate the opening up of trade to limit the negative impact on the most exposed sectors. And, at the same time, these sectors can benefit from other agreements. In the end, it's a question of finding an overall balance."

This disparity is glaringly obvious in the agricultural sector. "The wine and spirits industry as well as the dairy industry stand to gain more than livestock farmers, for example," said Fabry. These sectors are the main beneficiaries of free-trade agreements, according to a 2023 report by the French National Assembly.

"The existence of trade agreements that allow customs duty differentials to be eliminated is an 'over-determining factor' in the competitiveness of French wines," wrote FranceAgriMer, a national establishment for agriculture and maritime products under the authority of the French ministry of agriculture in a 2021 report. The majority of free-trade agreements lower or abolish customs duties to allow the export of many PDO products, a category to which many wines belong.

However, the impact on meat is less clear-cut. While FranceAgriMer says the balance between imports and exports appears to be in the EU's favour for pork, poultry exports seem to be declining as a result of the agreements. Hence the fears over the planned treaty with New Zealand, which provides for 36,000 tonnes of mutton to be imported into the EU, equivalent to 45% of French production in 2022. France,however, still has a large surplus of grains except for soya. 

‘A bargaining chip’

Beyond the impact on agriculture, "this debate on free-trade agreements must take into account other issues", said Fabry. "We are in a situation where the EU is seeking to secure its supplies and in particular its supplies of strategic minerals. Brazil's lithium, cobalt, graphite and other resource reserves should not be overlooked."

The agreement with Chile should enable strategic minerals to be exported in exchange for agricultural products. Germany strongly supports the agreement with Mercosur, as it sees it as an outlet for its industrial sectors, according to Fabry.

"In virtually all free-trade agreements, agriculture is always used as a bargaining chip in exchange for selling cars or Airbus planes," Véronique Marchesseau, general-secretary of the Confédération Paysanne, told AFP.

Michèle Boudoin, president of the French National Sheep Federation, told AFP that the agreement with New Zealand will "destabilise the lamb market in France".  

"We know that Germany needs to export its cars, that France needs to sell its wheat, and we're told that we need an ally in the Pacific tocounter China and Russia. But if that is the case, then we need help to be able to produce top-of-the-line lamb, for example," she said.

Finally, "there is a question of influence", said Fabry. "These agreements also remain a way for the EU to promote its environmental standards to lead its partners along the path of ecological transition, even if this has to be negotiated," said Fabry. 

Marc Fesneau, the French minister of agriculture, made the same argument. "In most cases, the agreements have been beneficial, including to French agriculture," Fesneau wrote on X last week, adding: "They will be even more so if we ensure that our standards are respected."

Mercosur negotiations suspended? 

As the farmers’ promised “siege” of Paris and other major locations across France continues, the French government has been trying to reassure agricultural workers about Mercosur, even though President Emmanuel Macron and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva relaunched negotiations in December. "France is clearly opposed to the signing of the Mercosur treaty," Prime Minister Gabriel Attal acknowledged last week.

The Élysée Palace even said on Monday evening that EU negotiations with the South American bloc had been suspended because of France's opposition to the treaty. The conditions are "not ripe" for concluding the negotiations, said Eric Mamer, spokesman for the European Commission. "However, discussions are ongoing." 

Before being adopted, the agreement would have to be passed unanimously by the European Parliament, then ratified individually by the 27 EU member states.

[palmoilnews]

TOP NEWS Agricultural Commodities > USDA reports corn harvest 14% complete, soy 13%; ratings unchanged > Russian wheat export prices rise slightly as shipments decline > EU crop monitor MARS cuts maize yield forecast, lifts sugar beet > Brazil's soybean planting hits 0.9% of expected area, AgRural says > COLUMN-Crop Watch: I-states lead retreat in yield expectations -Braun > GRAINS-Soybeans climb on supply risks, short-covering; corn, wheat also up > EU challenges China's dairy product probe at WTO > SOFTS-Coffee futures rise sharply, raw sugar turns negative > Brazil ethanol producer Raizen concerned drought could hurt next sugarcane crop > Highfield Resources to raise $220 mln, buy potash project in Canada > Dryer weather, soil moisture help Ivory Coast's cocoa crop grow > EXCLUSIVE-Indian refiners cancel palm oil contracts on duty hike, price rise > India to sell onions from reserves to check prices, official says > Value of Uganda's coffee exports up 83% in August, regulator says > Vietnam live pig prices rise after floods hit farms

[seoplassy]

India's Role as a Leading Agricultural Commodities Exporter: Trends and Opportunities

India has long held a prominent place in global agriculture due to its rich soil, diverse climatic conditions, and large agricultural workforce. As one of the world's largest producers of essential crops, India plays a crucial role in the global food supply chain. In recent years, India has emerged as a leading agricultural commodities exporter from India, shipping a wide variety of products ranging from staples like rice and wheat to spices, tea, and more. This blog delves into the trends, challenges, and opportunities shaping India’s agricultural export landscape.

Key Agricultural Commodities Exported from India

India exports a wide array of agricultural commodities, including rice (both Basmati and non-Basmati varieties), wheat, tea, spices, cotton, and sugar. In particular, India leads the global market in spice exports, accounting for over 75% of global spice trade. Additionally, India has also become a significant player in the export of agriculture and agro-based products, including processed foods, dairy, and organic produce. The increasing demand for organic and sustainably sourced products has further propelled India's standing in the global agricultural export market.

Government Policies and Support for Agricultural Exports

India’s government has implemented several policies aimed at promoting the import export of agricultural products. Key initiatives such as the Agricultural Export Policy of 2018 aim to double the country’s agricultural exports and ensure that Indian farmers and agribusinesses can compete on the global stage. Schemes like Agri Export Zones (AEZs) and the involvement of the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) have facilitated better market access and support for exporters.

Challenges in Agricultural Exports

Despite its competitive edge, India faces several challenges in its agricultural export sector. Infrastructure bottlenecks, such as inadequate cold storage facilities and poor transportation networks, often hamper the timely delivery of perishable goods. Additionally, meeting international quality standards is essential, as issues related to pesticide residues and contamination can affect the credibility of Indian exports. Trade barriers, tariffs, and stiff competition from other global agricultural powerhouses like the U.S., Brazil, and China further complicate India’s efforts to maintain a dominant position in the global market.

Opportunities for Growth

The future of India's agricultural export sector is bright, with numerous opportunities for growth. Expanding into new markets in Africa and Central Asia, leveraging the growing global demand for organic products, and focusing on value-added exports such as processed foods present promising avenues. Additionally, technological advancements like precision farming, blockchain, and traceability can help improve both productivity and quality, ensuring India remains competitive in the import export of agricultural products.

The rise in demand for Indian superfoods like millets, alongside emerging trends in plant-based diets and sustainable food sourcing, is expected to further boost the export of agriculture and agro-based products. These developments, coupled with supportive government policies and technological innovation, provide a fertile ground for growth.

Conclusion

India’s journey as a leading agricultural commodities exporter from India is one marked by both challenges and vast opportunities. With its diverse crop production, low labor costs, and increasing focus on sustainability, the nation is well-positioned to continue expanding its role in global agricultural trade. As companies like Eurosun Global work towards maximizing India’s export potential, the country is poised to remain a key player in shaping the future of global agriculture.

[knouzsblog]

Sugar requested from Brazil

To Brazilian exporters of sugar: We would like to import a small ship load of high quality sugar from Brazil. Only serious exporters are invited to submit their offer. For more shipment related details please don't hesitate to contact: Asfrah Ghazy, contract manager at Knouz for Import and Export, Damiette, Egypt +201061604877 mobile, WhatsApp and WeChat. Email: marketing@knouz.co

[chhajedalloys]

Alloy Steel Gr 22 Sheets & Plates Exporters

Chhajed Steel & Limited is a fast growing industrial supplier providing world class materials of construction for industrial projects ranging from mass producing consumer industries to extreme pressure petrochemical plants. In our 26 years of existence, our products and supplies have been inspected, accepted and approved by clients, independent inspection agencies and engineering consultants such as Larsen & Toubro Group, Jindal Group, B A R C , Crompton Greaves Ltd , and other renowned players.

Chhajed Steel Limited had supplied the materials to chemical, fertiliser & petrochemical industries, sugar & distillations plants, pump & valve manufacturers, engineering, electrical & cement industries their New project, project expansion, and routine maintenance. Continuous improvements is a way of life. At chhajed our knowledge of international standard & Specifications expertise in workmanship and responsibilities towards our customers which are the Main elements of our mission. We have very ambitious plan to expand our activities & further building good source for improve Quality and reduce costing with fastest delivery, looking at the huge demand of our product. In the same time we at chhajed are building up quality system in the line of international Standard. Chhajed Steel Limited is the largest manufacturer, supplier and stockist of plates to various countries like saudi arabia, kuwait, qatar, oman, yemen, uae, iran, turkey, kazakhstan, greece, Singapore, thailand, indonesia, vietnam, south africa, south america, brazil, india and australia, and Egypt. Chhajed Steel Limited was based on the theory of continually perceiving the requirements of its Clients and understanding that quality, on-time conveyance, cost and client benefit are vital to it Achievement. We can redraw plates for clients that require uncommon plate sizes or Particular tempers for their application

[jacob-in-taiwan]

Independent Excursion 2

For my second independent excursion I decided to walk along the water all throughout Kaohsiung. For as long as I can remember I’ve been sailing. My grandparents own a sailboat down in St. Petersburg, Florida, and I couldn’t even guess how many days I’ve spent out on the water on it. So when I arrived in Kaohsiung and saw sailboats docked along the banks, I was immediately interested. Furthermore, within the past year I’ve researched and written about how port and shipping can influence the development of a city and its society. All this is to say that, to me, being Kaohsiung was the perfect opportunity to do some independent learning. So the morning of the free day I left early and went on a long walk all along the harbor. Along the way I of course saw recreational boats, much like the one I’ve spent so much time on. Across the harbor I was also able to get a good view of the massive shipping industry that exists in the Port of Kaohsiung. The sheer mass of some of the vessels was inspiring. The size and scope of the operation it takes to get products from one side of the world to the other was incredible to look at. One of the first things we learned when we arrived in Kaohsiung was that it’s port used to be one of the biggest in all of Asia, and although it may not be as big as it once was, its impact on the city cannot be understated.

There are multiple ways in which a port can have influence on a city, and the biggest is of course economically. To put it simply, major ports serve as economic hubs, which support various different sectors such as shipping, logistics, and tourism. Naturally, the biggest sector within almost any port is shipping. It is after all the primary purpose of the entire industry. During the age of exploration some of the biggest commodities coming from East Asia were silk, silver, and spices. For Taiwan specifically though, they had their “three treasures”: tea, camphor, and sugar. Although all of these products were important, sugar was especially vital for the Taiwanese.

After the Dutch arrived in Taiwan in 1624 they encouraged the Taiwanese people to begin growing sugarcane, thus increasing their sugar production. During this time period much of the world's sugar was produced in the Caribbean and South America, meaning outside of Portuguese controlled Brazil, the entire industry was controlled by the Spanish. From a Dutch perspective Taiwan producing sugar was amazing, because they no longer had to deal with a European rival. From a Taiwanese perspective however, this gave them great influence on the rest of the world. If something ever happened to the sugar industry in the west, they would instantly become one of the most economically important nations in the country. Or if they ever were to have a problem with the Dutch, they could leverage their industry against them. And that was exactly what happened too. After the Koxinga expelled the Dutch, the Taiwanese sugar industry gradually grew into one of the biggest in the world. In 1939 alone it exported 1.41 million tonnes. In the current day, the sugar industry is not so big. This has caused many different factors, the main two being low demand and advancements in agricultural practices. However, Taiwan's ports remain strong. As the sugar industry fizzled out it was replaced by other things, enabling it to have the eighth largest economy in Asia.

It's easy to understand how exporting goods supports both local and national economies, but it's often forgotten just how many jobs a port like the one in Kaohsiung can create. From the ship captains all the way down to the janitor that cleans the bathrooms, ports created hundreds if not thousands of jobs for people in the local market. I always like to use the example of the “nuclear family” to explore how something like this would affect a local family. As the port opens up, one parent gets a job there. Immediately you have one more person participating in the local economy by earning and spending money. As one parent works at the port, it’s reasonable to expect the other parent to get a job as well. Whether it be at the port or somewhere else doesn’t matter, because as long as they're working that's another person participating. As for the kids, their role depends on their hypothetical age. If young children they won’t be working, but they will need a daycare or school to watch them while their parents work, so there are jobs being created there. If they’re a bit older then they will still have to go to school, but maybe they have jobs they go to after as well. The point is that ports create more jobs than just the ones on the docks. They have an unintentional effect on the rest of the city surrounding them.

Ports don’t only have economic effects, but cultural ones too. Historically, ports have been the places where cultural exchange happened. Long before the days of the internet, cultural exchange was much more difficult. The docks of a port however were rich with different cultures, languages, and ideas. The best example of this is through food. During the Qing Dynasty era, tea was one of the largest production and export products in Taiwan. In the 1860s a Scottsman named John Dodd established his own tea refinery and began exporting it. “Formosa Tea” became an instant success overseas. Later during the Japanese colonial era the Haishan Tea Factory was the largest tea factory in all of east Asia. Through this shared success of tea production, a Scottsman from the otherside of the world was able to live his life learning from and sharing knowledge with the Taiwanese people. This is of course just one small example of culture being shared at ports.

In contemporary times it takes a different form. The biggest way today is undoubtedly tourism. Within the past fifty years or so the cruise industry has exploded. Within the past decade Taiwan has been an important market for global cruise tourism. People from all over the world come to Taiwan to get on these cruises, and with them they bring their different cultures.

Kaohsiung, and Taiwan as a whole, has a lot to thank their ports for. They’ve helped make Taiwan a vital hub for commerce, trade, and transportation on the east coast. Furthermore, the ports have helped shape the identity of its citizens. The cultural exchange created by the movement of goods, people, and ideas led to the diverse community of people who live in Taiwan today. Looking forward Taiwan will certainly continue to lean on its ports for support, and it will be better of because of it.

Works cited:

Chiang, Lan-hung Nora, Nancy A Denton, and Eric Fong. Immigrant Adaptation in Multi-Ethnic Societies : Canada, Taiwan, and the United States. New York: Routledge, 2013. Web.

Buddhist Maritime Silk Road. May 11, 2021 - Dec 31, 2026, Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum, Kaohsiung.

[henrywilson123]

Brazil leads global sugar production, supplying around 80% of the world's sugar from sugarcane. In 2022, production rose 3.4% to 36.3 million metric tons. Let's explore industry trends, forecasts, export data, and key players in Brazil's sugar export industry.

Visit: https://www.seair.co.in/blog/brazil-sugar-export.aspx

[fatehbaz]

[T]he Dutch Republic, like its successor the Kingdom of the Netherlands, [...] throughout the early modern period had an advanced maritime [trading, exports] and (financial) service [banking, insurance] sector. Moreover, Dutch involvement in Atlantic slavery stretched over two and a half centuries. [...] Carefully estimating the scope of all the activities involved in moving, processing and retailing the goods derived from the forced labour performed by the enslaved in the Atlantic world [...] [shows] more clearly in what ways the gains from slavery percolated through the Dutch economy. [...] [This web] connected them [...] to the enslaved in Suriname and other Dutch colonies, as well as in non-Dutch colonies such as Saint Domingue [Haiti], which was one of the main suppliers of slave-produced goods to the Dutch economy until the enslaved revolted in 1791 and brought an end to the trade. [...] A significant part of the eighteenth-century Dutch elite was actively engaged in financing, insuring, organising and enabling the slave system, and drew much wealth from it. [...] [A] staggering 19% (expressed in value) of the Dutch Republic's trade in 1770 consisted of Atlantic slave-produced goods such as sugar, coffee, or indigo [...].

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One point that deserves considerable emphasis is that [this slave-based Dutch wealth] [...] did not just depend on the increasing output of the Dutch Atlantic slave colonies. By 1770, the Dutch imported over fl.8 million worth of sugar and coffee from French ports. [...] [T]hese [...] routes successfully linked the Dutch trade sector to the massive expansion of slavery in Saint Domingue [the French colony of Haiti], which continued until the early 1790s when the revolution of the enslaved on the French part of that island ended slavery.

Before that time, Dutch sugar mills processed tens of millions of pounds of sugar from the French Caribbean, which were then exported over the Rhine and through the Sound to the German and Eastern European ‘slavery hinterlands’.

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Coffee and indigo flowed through the Dutch Republic via the same trans-imperial routes, while the Dutch also imported tobacco produced by slaves in the British colonies, [and] gold and tobacco produced [by slaves] in Brazil [...]. The value of all the different components of slave-based trade combined amounted to a sum of fl.57.3 million, more than 23% of all the Dutch trade in 1770. [...] However, trade statistics alone cannot answer the question about the weight of this sector within the economy. [...] 1770 was a peak year for the issuing of new plantation loans [...] [T]he main processing industry that was fully based on slave-produced goods was the Holland-based sugar industry [...]. It has been estimated that in 1770 Amsterdam alone housed 110 refineries, out of a total of 150 refineries in the province of Holland. These processed approximately 50 million pounds of raw sugar per year, employing over 4,000 workers. [...] [I]n the four decades from 1738 to 1779, the slave-based contribution to GDP alone grew by fl.20.5 million, thus contributing almost 40% of all growth generated in the economy of Holland in this period. [...]

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These [slave-based Dutch commodity] chains ran from [the plantation itself, through maritime trade, through commodity processing sites like sugar refineries, through export of these goods] [...] and from there to European metropoles and hinterlands that in the eighteenth century became mass consumers of slave-produced goods such as sugar and coffee. These chains tied the Dutch economy to slave-based production in Suriname and other Dutch colonies, but also to the plantation complexes of other European powers, most crucially the French in Saint Domingue [Haiti], as the Dutch became major importers and processers of French coffee and sugar that they then redistributed to Northern and Central Europe. [...]

The explosive growth of production on slave plantations in the Dutch Guianas, combined with the international boom in coffee and sugar consumption, ensured that consistently high proportions (19% in 1770) of commodities entering and exiting Dutch harbors were produced on Atlantic slave plantations. [...] The Dutch economy profited from this Atlantic boom both as direct supplier of slave-produced goods [from slave plantations in the Dutch Guianas, from Dutch processing of sugar from slave plantations in French Haiti] and as intermediary [physically exporting sugar and coffee] between the Atlantic slave complexes of other European powers and the Northern and Central European hinterland.

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Text above by: Pepijn Brandon and Ulbe Bosma. "Slavery and the Dutch economy, 1750-1800". Slavery & Abolition Volume 42, Issue 1. 2021. [Text within brackets added by me for clarity. Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. Presented here for commentary, teaching, criticism purposes.]

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Amazon jungle fires spew toxic smoke to Brazil's largest city

Dry, hot weather has created ideal conditions for wildfires to spread across large areas

A curtain of smoke from wildfires in the Amazon rainforest is spreading across Brazil, making its way to Sao Paulo and possibly heading toward neighboring countries Argentina and Paraguay.

There were 28,697 fires reported in the Amazon region in August, 38% higher than the 10-year average, WWF-Brasil said, citing data from the National Institute for Space Research known as Inpe. The number exceeds 50,000 in the year to Aug. 27, the most since 2010, it said.

Toxic particles smothered the capital Brasilia earlier this week and now have spread to Sao Paulo, the country's financial center and Latin America's biggest city. Blazes have been reported in the Pantanal wetlands and throughout the countryside of Sao Paulo state, while fire in the nation's sugar-cane fields, the world's top exporter, is set to impact the global supply of sweetener.

This is the second straight year of extreme drought in Brazil and dry, hot weather has created ideal conditions for wildfires to spread across large areas. Most of the Amazon outbreaks have been sparked by farmers and ranchers deliberately setting forest fires to create pasture field, according to Rafael Franca, a climate professor at the University of Brasilia.

There is no relief in sight as the rainy season isn't expected to begin until October, meaning conditions this month will probably be even worse.

Continue reading.

[hanban371213]

welcome back to hannah's history lessons, check the first tag for the first post with context

Book 4 - Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries - society, power and colonial dynamics.

Part 2 - Triumph of the States and colonial dynamics in the 17th and 18th centuries

At this time, the prominent economic model is Comercial Capitalism, where the main form of profit is comerce (in contrast, right now its financial capitalism, where profit comes from banks, and stocks and stuff like that). Within this model, various states started implementing Mercantilist policies, who had as a goal develop industrial production, as means of turning the country self-suficient, and the increase of customs tax on foreign products, to reduce imports.

England and France both had slightly different aproaches to Mercantilism.

French Mercantilism was characterized by the big importance given to manufactories, owned and controled by the State. France wanted to be as self-reliant as possible by manufactoring everything it could ever need.

British Mercantilism was more flexible, and charactertized for the valueu given to the navy and comerce, through the Naval Acts, that made it obligatory for all British products to be transported in British ships, making it so that Britain gained a big and strong merchant fleet. (different than from example Portugal, that just hired the British and the Dutch to carry their stuff)

With this, the French and British economies were able to become self-suficient.

France, Britain and the Netherlands went through a series of conflicts, caused by economic motives, at the end of which Britain ended up as the biggest colonial power, having annexed French and Dutch colonies in the Americas, Africa and Asia.

Britain saw itself on the agricultural vanguard after a series of improvements in crop rotation, the creation of enclosures by the big landowners(replacing the old traditional open field camps) where plants and animals were selectively bred, and also with the invention of new agricultural equipment. (Agricultural Revolution)

All internal customs tax were abolished, creating a single big unified internal market, alongside the creation of new roads and canals, and externaly British products impose themselves across the Continent.

Britain also posessed an advanced financial system, having created the Bank of England, that unified all of the old smaller country banks.

The textile industry was totaly mecanized, the metalurgic industry became the most important and was indispensible to industrialization, and the vapor machine and first motors were invented, making it possible to replace manpower with machines, this being the begin of the Industrial Revolution and Industrial Capitalism(main source of profit is industry).

All of this, the massive colonial empire, the agricultural advancements, the expansion of it's market, the advanced financial system, and finaly the industrial revolution, all of it led to Britain becoming an international hegemonic power.

Back in Portugal, we're suffering a severe comercial crisis. This is because our industry doesn't exist and our economy is entirely suported by re-exporting colonial goods, specificaly sugar. Said sugar just happened to be usurped by the Dutch(when Portugal was a part of Spain for a few years we were dragged into wars, the Dutch invaded the north of Brazil, took the sugar production to the Caribbean), and was later spread to the French and British. This, alongside mercantilist policies to reduce imports, made it so that Portugal no longer profited from sugar exports.

Amidst the crisis, our Minister of Finance, Count of Ericeira, decided to implement mercantilist measures, heavily inspired by the French model, focusing on developing manufactories to replace imported goods.

Foreign experts were hired to teach the Portuguese workers, privileges and subsidies were granted to the newly started industries, mainly textiles, company monopolies were granted, and the importation of foreign luxury goods was banned("Leis Pragmáticas")

By the end of the century the crisis was basicly over. However. Gold and Diamonds were found in Brazil. In THEORY this SHOULD be a good thing. Portugal was kickstarting it's industry from scratch with nothing, and this money should be a massive boost to develop the nation. But that is not how the Portuguese mind works. Portugal is like that stereotypical person who wins the lottery, and then proceeds to waste it all on luxurious goods. Now imagine if that person won the lottery 20 more times and wasted it all every time, and that's all of Portuguese history.

ALL of the manufactories were abandoned, why struggle to produce local when you can buy British textiles? The ban on foreign luxury goods was also lifted with the Methuen Treaty. 500 tons of gold went into the country, most of it immediately left, 3/4s of it going to Britain. Seeing his life work crumble and be abandoned, Count of Ericeira commited suicide.

Soon enough the gold and diamond mines are depleted, and Portugal is faced with yet ANOTHER economic crisis. The Prime Minister, Marquês de Pombal, decides to implement mercantilist measures to develop the country's industry.

He creates the Junta do Comércio, responsible for all economic activities of the country; he creates company monopolies; he revitalizes the abandoned manufactories and creates new ones; the bourgeoisie is socialy promoted, many gaining the status of Nobles, as to make it a more atractive activity; and the Aula do Comércio is created, the first comercial school in all of Europe.

With this, the national economy prospers again.