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False Memory Syndrome

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False Memory Syndrome

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The term False Memory Syndrome was created in 1992 by the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF)[1]. It has been called "a pseudoscientific syndrome that was developed to defend against claims of child abuse."[1] The FMSF was created by parents who claimed to be falsely accused of child sexual abuse.[1] The False Memory Syndrome was described as "a widespread social phenomenon where misguided therapists cause patients to invent memories of sexual abuse."[1] Research has shown that most delayed memories of childhood abuse are true[2]. In general, it has been shown that false allegations of childhood sexual abuse are rare, with some studies showing rates as low as one percent[3][4] and some studies showing slightly higher rates[3]. It has been found that children tend to understate rather than overstate the extent of any abuse experienced[3]. It has been stated that misinformation on the topic of child sexual abuse is widespread and that the media have contributed to this problem by reporting favorably on unproven and controversial claims like the False Memory Syndrome[5].

Contents

1Research on False Memory

2Critiques of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation and its theories

3Related Page

4References

5Bibliography

6External Links

Research on False Memory

There is a great deal of evidence showing the existence of the phenomenon of recovered memory and the fairly high corroboration rates of these memories[6]. The base rates for memory commission errors have been shown to be quite low, at least in professional trauma treatment. The base rates in adult misinformation studies run between zero and 5 percent for adults and between 3 - 5 percent for children[7]. It has been shown that people who recover memories are a lot less suggestible than clinicians have been led to believe by false memory advocates[8]. It has been stated that false memories are rare[9] One research study showed the unlikelihood of being able to plant a false memory of a traumatic event[10]. Some have stated that the False Memory Syndrome is not a scientific syndrome[11].

Brown, Sheflin and Hammond stated "The hypothesis that false memories can easily be implanted in psychotherapy (Lindsay & Read, 1994; Loftus 1993; Loftus & Ketcham, 1994; Ofshe and Watters, 1993, 1994; Yapko, 1994a) seriously overstates the available data. Since no studies have been conducted on suggested effects in psychotherapy per se, the idea of iatrogenic suggestion of false memories remains an untested hypothesis.[12]

Elizabeth Loftus, a proponent of the theory of false memory, has been critiqued in several studies and papers[13][14][15][16].

Critiques of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation and its theories

Members of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation have been critiqued for misrepresenting data and for their possible reasons for having created the idea of the syndrome.

In reply to a TV documentary about FMS, William Freyd, (Pamela Freyd's (one of the founders of the FMSF) step brother and sister-in-law) wrote "The False Memory Syndrome Foundation is a fraud designed to deny a reality that Peter and Pam have spent most of their lives trying to escape. There is no such thing as a False Memory Syndrome."[2] "In addition, Peter Freyd's own mother (who is also Pamela's step-mother) and his only sibling, a brother, were also estranged from Pamela and Peter. It should be noted that these family members support Jennifer's side of the story."[1]

A co-founder of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, Ralph Underwager, has also had several critiques written about him[17]. In an interview in Amsterdam in June 1991 by “Paidika,” Editor-in-Chief, Joseph Geraci, Underwager replied to the question "Is choosing paedophilia for you a responsible choice for the individuals?" with "Certainly it is responsible. What I have been struck by as I have come to know more about and understand people who choose paedophilia is that they let themselves be too much defined by other people. That is usually an essentially negative definition. Paedophiles spend a lot of time and energy defending their choice. I don’t think that a paedophile needs to do that. Paedophiles can boldly and courageously affirm what they choose. They can say that what they want is to find the best way to love. I am also a theologian and as a theologian, I believe it is God’s will that there be closeness and intimacy, unity of the flesh, between people. A paedophile can say: “This closeness is possible for me within the choices that I’ve made."[18]

In a transcription of the TV show Witness for Mr. Bubbles from “Australia 60 Minutes,” Channel Nine Network (Aired on August 5, 1990 in Australia), researcher Anna Salter stated that Underwager "isn’t accurate. That what he says in court does not necessarily fairly represent the literature." That he frequently distorts facts and he sometimes he quotes specific studies, and he’s frequently wrong about what the studies say."[19]

It was stated in a court document that the two books that he and his wife Hollida Wakefield, wrote "Accusations of Child Sexual Abuse" (1988), and The Real World of Child Interrogations (1990) were not "well received in the medical and scientific press." It was also stated that "when they cannot use a quotation out of context from an article, they make unsupported statements, some of which are palpably untrue and others simply unprovable.” David L. Chadwick, Book Review, in 261 JAMA 3035 (May 26, 1989)." In the same document it was stated that "Both Salter and Toth came to believe that Underwager is a hired gun who makes a living by deceiving judges about the state of medical knowledge and thus assisting child molesters to evade punishment."[20]

Those that have examined or written about the False Memory Syndrome theories or foundation or its members have been subjected to harassment. This includes Anna Salter's analysis of her harassment by Ralph Underwager[21], David Calof, the former editor of Treating Abuse Today [22] and Jennifer Hoult [23].

Accusations have also been made about the accuracy of the False Memory Syndromes' proponents data and research. Salter has critiqued some of those that defend those accused of child sexual abuse. “The people who support and defend those accused of child sexual abuse indiscriminately, those who join organizations dedicated to defending people who are accused of child sexual abuse with no screening whatsoever to keep out those who are guilty as charged, are…not necessarily people engaged in an objective search for the truth. Some of them can and do use deceit, trickery, misstated research, harassment, intimidation, and charges of laundering federal money to silence their opponents.”[21]. Whitfield stated "Since at least 95 percent of child molesters initially deny their abusive behaviors, how can untrained lay people like Pamela Freyd and her staff “document” a real or “unreal” case of “FMS,” as appears to be the case with most of their communications, which usually occur over the telephone or by letter (p. 76)."[2]. Jennifer Freyd stated “Despite this documentation for both traumatic amnesia and essentially accurate delayed recall, memory science is often presented as if it supports the view that traumatic amnesia is very unlikely or perhaps impossible and that a great many, perhaps a majority, maybe even all, recovered memories of abuse are false…Yet no research supports such an implication…and a great deal of research supports the premise that forgetting sexual abuse is fairly common and that recovered memories are sometimes essentially true.” (p. 107) [24]

Proponents of false memory theories have also been accused of manipulating the media[25][26]. The theory of false memory has been used as a defense in court to try and negate "abusive, criminal behavior" and this defense is fraught with disinformation, smoke screens, and other untruths that are a distortion of what the available science of the psychology of trauma and memory shows.[27].

Related Page

Recovered Memories

References

↑ Jump up to:1.01.11.21.31.4 Dallam, S. (2002). "Crisis or Creation: A systematic examination of false memory claims". Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 9 (3/4): 9–36. doi:10.1300/J070v09n03_02. PMID 17521989. "A review of the relevant literature demonstrates that the existence of such a syndrome lacks general acceptance in the mental health field, and that the construct is based on a series of faulty assumptions, many of which have been scientifically disproven. There is a similar lack of empirical validation for claims of a "false memory" epidemic. It is concluded that in the absence of any substantive scientific support, "False Memory Syndrome" is best characterized as a pseudoscientific syndrome that was developed to defend against claims of child abuse."

↑ Jump up to:2.02.12.2 Whitfield M.D., Charles L. (1995). Memory and Abuse - Remembering and Healing the Effects of Trauma Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc. ISBN 1-55874-320-0.

↑ Jump up to:3.03.13.2Leadership Council - How often do children’s reports of abuse turn out to be false? "Jones and McGraw examined 576 consecutive referrals of child sexual abuse to the Denver Department of Social Services, and categorized the reports as either reliable or fictitious. In only 1% of the total cases were children judged to have advanced a fictitious allegation. Jones, D. P. H., and J. M. McGraw: Reliable and Fictitious Accounts of Sexual Abuse to Children.Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2, 27-45, 1987.

↑ False allegations of child sexual abuse by children are rare

↑ Whitfield, Charles L.; Joyanna L. Silberg, Paul Jay Fink (2001). Misinformation Concerning Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Survivors. Haworth Press. ISBN 0789019019.

↑ Recovered Memories - Child Abuse Wiki

↑ Brown, Scheflin and Hammond (1998).”Memory, Trauma Treatment, And the Law” (W. W. Norton) ISBN 0-393-70254-5

↑ Leavitt, F. (March 1997) False attribution of suggestibility to explain recovered memory of childhood sexual abuse following extended amnesia Child Abuse & Neglect - 21, 3, P. 265-272

↑ Hall, J., Kondora, L. (2005) “True” and “False” Child Sexual Abuse Memories and Casey’s Phenomenological View of Remembering American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 10 p. 1339-1359 DOI: 10.1177/0002764205277012 "The notion of false accusation is often raised in cases where physical evidence is not available and a period of time has passed or when there has been a delay in recall of the events by a survivor of child sexual abuse. This is not to imply that false memories are not possible. This article outlines how rare they must be, however, based on historical factors and a phenomenological analysis of memory itself....Most scientists investigating traumatic memory doubt that memories of abuse could be planted."

↑ Pezdek, Hodge, D. (1999) July-August Planting false childhood memories: The role of event plausibility Child Development 70(4) p.887-895 "One false event described the child lost in a mall while shopping (the plausible false event); the other false event described the child receiving a rectal enema (the implausible false event). The majority of the 39 children (54%) did not remember either false event. However, whereas 14 children recalled the plausible but not the implausible false event, only one child recalled the implausible but not the plausible false event; this difference was statistically significant."

↑ Friesen, J. (1995) "The Truth About False Memory Syndrome, Huntington House Publisher ISBN: 1-56384-111-8 "The number of studies which have subjected false memory syndrome to scientific inquiry is zero. There is nothing scientific about it. There is nothing which defines it. There is no list of symptoms which describes it, nor is there anything which helps us distinguish it from other syndromes."

↑ Brown, Scheflin and Hammond (1998).”Memory, Trauma Treatment, And the Law” (W. W. Norton) ISBN 0-393-70254-5

↑ Crook, L. (1999) "Lost in a Shopping Mall"—a Breach of Professional Ethics Ethics & Behavior, (9, 1) P. 39-50 "An analysis of the mall study shows that beyond the external misrepresentations, internal scientific methodological errors cast doubt on the validity of the claims that have been attributed to the mall study within scholarly and legal arenas. The minimal involvement or, in some cases, negative impact of collegial consultation, academic supervision, and peer review throughout the evolution of the mall study are reviewed."

↑ Hopper, J. Elizabeth Loftus "Loftus is aware that those who study traumatic memory have for several years, based on a great deal of research and clinical experience, used the construct of dissociation to account for the majority of recovered memories. However, she continues to focus on and attack "repression" and "repressed memories," which has the effect of confusing and misleading many people."

↑ Pope, K. (1996) Memory, Abuse, and Science: Questioning Claims About the False Memory Syndrome Epidemic American Psychologist 51: 957. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.9.957 "Does the trauma specified in the lost-in-the-mall experiment seem comparable to the trauma forming the basis of false memory syndrome? Loftus (1993) described the implanted traumatic event in the shopping-mall experiment as follows: "Chris was convinced by his older brother Jim, that he had been lost in a shopping mall when he was five years old" (p. 532). Does this seem, for example, a reasonable analogy for a five-year-old girl being repeatedly raped by her father?....Is it possible that the findings are an artifact of this particular design, for example, that the older family member claims to have been present when the event occurred and to have witnessed it, a claim the therapist can never make? To date, replications and extensions of this study have tended to use a similar methodology; that is, either the older family member makes the suggestions in his or her role as the experimenter's confederate, or the experimenter presents the suggestion as being the report of an older family member, thus creating a surrogate confederate."

↑ Hoult, J. (2005)"Remembering Dangerously" & Hoult v. Hoult: The Myth of Repressed Memory that Elizabeth Loftus

↑ Information on Ralph Underwager

↑ PAIDIKA INTERVIEW:HOLLIDA WAKEFIELD AND RALPH UNDERWAGER Part I

↑ Witness for Mr. Bubbles Transcribed from "Australia 60 Minutes," Channel Nine Network (Aired on August 5, 1990 in Australia) Produced by Anthony Mcclellan; Reported by Mike Munro

↑ Ralph Underwager and Hollida Wakefield, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Anna Salter, Et Al., Defendants-Appellees. 22 F.3d 730 (7th Cir. 1994) Federal Circuits, 7th Cir. (April 25, 1994) Docket number: 93-2422

↑ Jump up to:21.021.1 Salter, A. (June 1998) Confessions of a Whistle-Blower: Lessons Learned Ethics & Behavior 8(2) p.115 - 124 DOI: 10.1207/s15327019eb0802_2 Abstract - In 1988 I began a report on the accuracy of expert testimony in child sexual abuse cases utilizing Ralph Underwager and Hollida Wakefield as a case study (Wakefield & Underwager, 1988). In response, Underwager and Wakefield began a campaign of harassment and intimidation, which included multiple lawsuits; an ethics charge; phony (and secretly taped) phone calls; and ad hominem attacks, including one that I was laundering federal grant monies. The harassment and intimidation failed as the author refused demands to retract. In addition, the lawsuits and ethics charges were dismissed. Lessons learned from the experience are discussed.

↑ Calof, D.L. (1998). Notes from a practice under siege: Harassment, defamation, and intimidation in the name of science Ethics and Behavior, 8(2) p. 161-187. "For over three years, however, a group of proponents of the false memory syndrome (FMS) hypothesis, including members, officials, and supporters of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, Inc., have waged a multi-modal campaign of harassment and defamation directed against me, my clinical clients, my staff, my family, and others connected to me. I have neither treated these harassers or their families, nor had any professional or personal dealings with any of them; I am not related in any way to the disclosures of memories of sexual abuse in these families. Nonetheless, this group disrupts my professional and personal life and threatens to drive me out of business. In this article, I describe practicing psychotherapy under a state of siege and places the campaign against me in the context of a much broader effort in the FMS movement to denigrate, defame, and harass clinicians, lecturers, writers, and researchers identified with the abuse and trauma treatment communities.

↑ Hoult, J. (June 1998) The Politics of Discrediting Child Abuse Survivors Ethics & Behavior, 8(2), p. 125 - 140 "As a victim of child abuse who proved my claims in a landmark civil suit, there have been many attempts to silence and discredit me. This article provides an overview of my court case and its effects....I believe that published documents demonstrate how some members and supporters of false memory groups publish false statements that defame and intimidate victims of proven violence and their supporters. Such altered accounts are used to discredit others in court and in the press."

↑ Freyd, J. (June 1998) Science in the Memory Debate Ethics & Behavior, 8(2), p. 101 - 113

↑ Stanton, M. (July/August 1997) U-Turn on Memory Lane Columbia Journalism Review “Rarely has such a strange and little-understood organization had such a profound effect on media coverage of such a controversial matter. The foundation is an aggressive, well-financed p.r. machine adept at manipulating the press, harassing its critics, and mobilizing a diverse army of psychiatrists, outspoken academics, expert defense witnesses, litigious lawyers, Freud bashers, critics of psychotherapy, and devastated parents. With a budget of $750,000 a year from members and outside supporters, the foundation’s reach far exceeds its actual membership of about 3,000.” “As controversial memory cases arose around the country, FMSF boosters contacted journalists to pitch the false-memory argument, more and more reporters picked up on the issue, and the foundation became an overnight media darling. The story line that had dominated the press since the 1980s — an underreported toll of sexual abuse, including sympathetic stories of adult survivors resurrecting long-lost memories of it — was quickly turned around. The focus shifted to new tearful victims — respectable, elderly parents who could no longer see their children and grandchildren because of bad therapists who implanted memories."

↑ Packard, N. (April, 2004) Battle Tactics of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation New School for Social Research, N.Y. History Matters Conference "Kondora’s and Beckett’s studies indicate that the Foundation has been successful in many of its efforts to manage public perception of child abuse victims, therapists and the people accused of child abuse. Kondora and Beckett show that not only has public perception of victimized children become skeptical, but in fact, the press often goes beyond the Victorian custom of neutrality on all fronts of the issue, to out-right sympathy for accused molesters."

↑ Whitfield, C. L. (2001). The "false memory" defense: Using disinformation and junk science in and out of court. In Whitfield, C. L., Silberg, J. Fink, P. J. Eds. (2001). Misinformation Concerning Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Survivors New York: Hawthorn Press, Inc. (pp. 53 - 78) also in Haworth Press, Special Issue on Disinformation, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 9(3 & 4) "Attorneys for accused, convicted or found-responsible child molesters tend to use a superficially sophisticated argument, which can be described as the "false memory defense." This defense is fraught with disinformation, smoke screens, and other untruths that are a distortion of what the available science of the psychology of trauma and memory shows. In this article, this seemingly sophisticated, but actually mostly contrived and often erroneous defense, is described and it is compared in a brief review to what the science says about the effect of trauma on memory." "Abstract: This article describes a seemingly sophisticated, but mostly contrived and often erroneous "false memory" defense, and compares it in a brief review to what the science says about the effect of trauma on memory. Child sexual abuse is widespread and dissociative/traumatic amnesia for it is common. Accused, convicted and self-confessed child molesters and their advocates have crafted a strategy that tries to negate their abusive, criminal behavior, which we can call a "false memory" defense. Each of 22 of the more commonly used components of this defense is described and discussed with respect to what the science says about them. Armed with this knowledge, survivors, their clinicians, and their attorneys will be better able to refute this defense of disinformation."

Bibliography

Brown, Scheflin and Hammond (1998).”Memory, Trauma Treatment, And the Law” (W. W. Norton) ISBN 0-393-70254-5

Freyd, Jennifer J. (1996). Betrayal Trauma - The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-06805-x.

Knopp, Fay Honey (1996). A Primer on the Complexities of Traumatic Memory of Childhood Sexual Abuse - A Psychobiological Approach. Brandon, VT: Safer Society Press. ISBN 1-884444-20-2.

Whitfield M.D., Charles L. (1995). Memory and Abuse - Remembering and Healing the Effects of Trauma. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, Inc. ISBN 1-55874-320-0.

Whitfield, Charles L.; Joyanna L. Silberg, Paul Jay Fink (2001). Misinformation Concerning Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Survivors. Haworth Press. ISBN 0789019019.

External Links

Memory, Abuse, and Science: Questioning Claims about the False Memory Syndrome Epidemic

False Memory Syndrome A False Construct Feminista! v2, n10

False memory syndrome proponents tactics "False memory syndrome proponents have done the following to try and ensure that only their point of view is in the public view."

[lowkeynando]

that supported the allegations despite a lack of evidence. [1] The English archaeologist Timothy

Taylor critically discussed Fontaine's work in his book The Buried Soul: How Humans Invented

Death (2002). He compared the work to the anthropologist William Arens's 1979 book The Man-Eating Myth, which he described as a

"hollow certainty of viscerally insulated inexperience". Asserting that Arens's uses a flawed methodology that has echoes of Speak of the Devil, Taylor himself suggests that multiple claims of the Satanic ritual abuse have been incorrectly dismissed for being considered

"improbable". [6] Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse is a collection of essays edited by Valerie Sinason addressing the treatment of those who allege they are survivors of Satanic ritual abuse (a phenomenon generally considered a moral panic by most scholars). The book discusses the definitions, alleged history, scepticism about the phenomenon and ethical issues related to treating individuals reporting satanic ritual abuse. The book has been criticized by Ralph Underwager for being unscientific, defending a dubious concept with a complete lack of skepticism, possessing the veneer of science without any substance and for promoting unethical treatment practices. Bernard F. Baran Jr. (May 25, 1965 - September 1, 2014) was an American day care employee wrongfully convicted in the day care sex abuse hysteria ofs CLONES

[astraastro]

So why is it I get blamed at home from taking a nap from a Long day at work and being called lazy but my family who hasn't been to work yet get paid more than me from unemployment get to be lazy and take naps?

I work 8-11 hours a day and barely get $300-$400....

My family gets $600-$1000

[krishnakumarv]

Article 15 - a mini-review

Last night, I watched "Article 15" after a recommendation from a lady friend of mine who I respect and whose judgment I trust. In the two-plus hours that I spent alongside an almost 50:50 audience of men/women in a relatively packed Mumbai multiplex screen, I went through a psychological riot, shifting from anger/outrage, sadness, laughter, introspection, reflection, hope, and contentment. A few drops of tears broke through my resilience during a couple of scenes. At the end of the movie, I found myself searching for faces that mirror my feelings, and I wasn't disappointed.

Aspects of the dark underbelly of 2019 India that the movie covers--some of which include casteism, gang rapes, honor killings, caste and religion politics, media blackouts, fake news, gender inequality, underwage labor, child labor, socioeconomic divide, urban-rural divide, armchair activism, gun violence, social media outrage, bureaucracy, corruption--are issues that should occupy a larger space in our collective consciousness. I hope this wonderful movie sparks educated conversations on these topics, which is the most effective way changes will percolate to the grassroots of society.

Here’s a useful article on the movie. https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/why-is-article-15-important-for-india-1557401-2019-06-28

#movie #review #Bollywood #India #Article15

[normal-horoscopes]

Do you know who founded the False Memory Syndrome Foundation, which has been extensively called as expert witnesses for the defense in ritual abuse cases?

Peter J. Freyd coined the term, but it keeps getting perpetuated by forensic scientists like Ralph Underwager and Elizabeth Loftus.

[fandomracket]

SPOILERS Tales From The SMP | The Masquerade

Warning: Cursing

Welp. IT WAS FUCKING EGG LORE!

Our characters is Sir Billiam III, Butler with no name and no rights (I'm fuming), Oliver ??? Cumbucket, James, Lord Sebastian, Learia (is that correct?), Drew P. Wiener (thats is how he spelt it) and of course, Karl. There is a lot to unpack.

Billiam is a pompous rich prick and lead Egghead. He acts like Mr. Krabs if he had more manners. I mean he's rude but he'd have class. (I lowkey knew he was killer but not the egg bit. It will either be Techno or Dream that lives I swear. Either plot or bcuz the actor)

The Butler carries stacks of milk buckets(cursed). Very silent (he speaks!) Suprisingly, despite being poor was not fed to the egg. Probably Billiam's favourite servant due to underwaged 24 hour fast service and loyalty.

Oliver is from London... and the name! (Fundy istg) Has a disease, loves to swim, to smoke, and party. Shape and colorblind. "Jolly song" sounds suspiciously like the typical music you'd hear in a murder mystery. He had a "heartattack".

Sebastian. Always drunk. Thats all. Died in a closet but the corpse was dragged through the wall in a corner of cobwebs.

James is low key confused as he was screaming Drew P. Penis when Drew P. Wiener died. Very hard to talk to. Wife? Divorced. Family? Gone. Haven't been complimented before. He died in a bedroom.

Learia(Lilaria? Liaria?) is a rich woman and was the first to be possessed killing Drew. The only woman. Died on top of the wine barrels and decayed then undecayed. (Queen. You can never take her beauty away)

Drew is a texan who had found the wrong party. The commoner in the party. Vitamin Broke. First to die. Head was found behind a bookshelf in a hidden room.

Karl the minecraft streamer billionaire. Was early to the party. Flirts with James the moment the man arrived. Obviously, our lovely friendly neighborhood time traveller. Died by the hands of the Butler.

--------

Other comments:

It was egg lore, guys. We have more of the egg lore! But is it before or after the Dream SMP? Unless it was somewhere else (like a different dimension).

It was Murder Mystery that has an alien egg thing.

I love the skins. And the Inbetween was fucking beautiful. Props to builders.

Niki looked for Quackity for the sake of killing him first. (#QuackityDiesFirst)

Jiffy Lube is the name of the Butler that Drew gave him technically.

They played Duck Duck Goose and I love it.

They didn't even got to dance tho.

When Karl traveled back, he was wearing netherite armor so it could be that he traveled back to where he was fighting alongside Pogtopia trying to get back L'manburg or smth.

Blooper 1: Book disappears.

Blooper 2: An ad plays because Karl didn't buy the premium.

It's a roleplay and I am merely enjoying it.

[sapphicaazine]

FAQ: Community Copies

Hello everyone! 💜

This write-up is the first of two we will be making to highlight some of the features of our zine more clearly. This one will be about our Community Copies program! We will also answer how adults can upgrade their CC to the Spice Tier within this write-up.

Community Copies are a program popularized by indie video and table-top games. They allow those who are underwaged or facing multiple marginalizations to access for free the content they might otherwise not be able to afford. This was something we really wanted to offer with our zine, and was made easier because our zine is digital only!

Please note: The Community Copy Program only includes the Sugar Tier. This is to prevent minors from using it to get free NSFW content. If you are an adult and would like to upgrade please email us at: intellectuallyattractedzine@gmail.com.

Our Community Copies can be accessed by scrolling to the very bottom of the Itch.io store page. There is also an option to buy a community copy for the pool, and get the zine for yourself!

We began with 30 Community Copies, and will add more based on how many zines and CC bundles we sold. For every 10 zines sold, we will add 1 zine to the community pool. To add more directly, simply use the aforementioned zine + community copy reward for $30. This is a 1-1 reward, you buy a copy for yourself, and one copy for the community pool! (If you wanted to buy multiple copies simply add to your total in denominations of $10 based on how many copies you wanted. So $40 total would get 2 community copies, $50 total would get 3, etc, etc.)

We will update the CC pool once a week so keep your eye out! As of today a whole 19 more copies have been added to the pool!

Thank you so much for your continued support! 💜

[foulserpent]

can all argonians breathe underwater? could dusty breathe underwater? i csnt think of a reptile species that can breathe underwager without having to ckme up for air so does that mean argonians can be non reptiles? like sharkgonians and frogonians. dolphin people

canonically they all can and i think are Supposed to have gills. they arent straight up normal reptiles, they were a people semi-created by sapient trees and stuff so the normal rules dont apply.

whats semi-canon is theres a lot of variation, with some described as birdlike and some described as toadlike. i personally hc them existing on a spectrum, with “avian dinosaur” being at one extreme and “fish” being at the other, but all of them have a similar underlying structure. like for example the most fishlike argonians (like how i draw dar-ma) arent just fish people, they have an underlying reptilian structure reflecting their probable origins. they arent just anthros of whatever animal theyre most akin to, theyre their own thing. 

thats my personal design choice and i Think reflected by what we see in canon but i digress. i have some drawings of non-standard argonians in my tag for them

[grandmotherweb]

'If we stop to think logically and analyze the implications of “Grey Faction” arguments negating the existence of dissociative amnesia (also known as psychogenic amnesia, i.e., memory loss caused by a psychologically traumatic or severely stressing experience, such as “being the victim of an offense” [Harrison et al.]), we see that these arguments provide tacit support to those persons, such as “False Memory Syndrome Foundation” (FMSF) spokespersons Ralph Underwager and Hollida Wakefield, who openly deny that “sexual relationships between adults and children” are inherently damaging and who suggest instead that this kind of so-called “relationship” can be “neutral” or even “good, healthy, [and] positive.” It’s worth reiterating here the fact that Misicko and at least one other “Grey Faction” leader have also played leading roles in the “False Memory Syndrome Action Network,” a group with close ties to the FMSF (see: 3.1). [...]

The entire “Grey Faction” narrative of quack psychiatry run amok, wreaking havoc in the lives of individuals falsely accused of sexual abuse, their families, and society at large, hinges on the “Satanic Panic” meme. Without this meme of a “Satanic Panic of the 1980s and 1990s,” The Satanic Temple’s propaganda about the alleged dangers of “False Memory Syndrome,” belief in the existence of “Satanic ritual abuse,” and the “pseudoscientific” methods of psychiatrists would essentially have no leg to stand on. [...]

It is evident that The Satanic Temple’s qualm is not merely with the diagnosis of DID in and of itself, but with the etiological association of this diagnosis with so-called “Satanic ritual abuse.” However, it is also evident that eliminating the diagnosis of DID would do nothing to negate the plausibility of the claim that the use of Satanism as a psychological weapon by perpetrators of sexual abuse or other crimes has the potential to cause long-lasting psychological harm.'

[seventh-hokage-naruto-uzumaki]

Civil servants get all the backlash when the Hokage himself messes up. You really don't understand do you? I wish we could file complaints against you on how underwaged, overtimed, and mistreated we are.

Uh... I’m not sure what this is about, but you can file complain forms??? Shikamaru will look at them then come back to me with solutions to your issues... So file away!! I’ll make sure to make it better!!!!!

[lowkeynando]

that supported the allegations despite a lack of evidence. [1] The English archaeologist Timothy

Taylor critically discussed Fontaine's work in his book The Buried Soul: How Humans Invented

Death (2002). He compared the work to the anthropologist William Arens's 1979 book The Man-Eating Myth, which he described as a

"hollow certainty of viscerally insulated inexperience". Asserting that Arens's uses a flawed methodology that has echoes of Speak of the Devil, Taylor himself suggests that multiple claims of the Satanic ritual abuse have been incorrectly dismissed for being considered

"improbable". [6] Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse is a collection of essays edited by Valerie Sinason addressing the treatment of those who allege they are survivors of Satanic ritual abuse (a phenomenon generally considered a moral panic by most scholars). The book discusses the definitions, alleged history, scepticism about the phenomenon and ethical issues related to treating individuals reporting satanic ritual abuse. The book has been criticized by Ralph Underwager for being unscientific, defending a dubious concept with a complete lack of skepticism, possessing the veneer of science without any substance and for promoting unethical treatment practices. Bernard F. Baran Jr. (May 25, 1965 - September 1, 2014) was an American day care employee wrongfully convicted in the day care sex abuse hysteria ofs AND

[translationandbetrayals]

Being an artist in Latinoamerica (spoiler: sucks)

Artists are underwaged. Especially in Latin America. When I sell my art, none of my customers are from LATAM. They are usually from Europe or North America. And if they -for some kind of magic- are from here, I have lots of trouble with them because they want to expend almost nothing on art (they don't want to pay any extra cost and even try to ask for a discount). I wish art was appreciated here in LATAM, but sadly it's not. Most people believe that art is super easy, that you can master it in a few years or so but it's not. It's hard and it requires a lot of discipline, time, or even money if you want to invest in yourself. Besides this, there's no art education in the government's educational program, and sadly, the same goes for music. And because of this most people can't differentiate an illustrator from a graphic designer. More than once I've been invited to design logos for free of course because it's 'easy' and how can't I do that if I'm an artist, and when I tell them I am not a graphic designer, they get mad. Most Chilean artists can't live from art. I remember I went to an anime convention in 2014 and met an artist whose art was so beautiful I thought she dedicated to that! But she didn't! She studied chemistry and pharmacy. I was so shocked at the time I almost didn't believe it myself, until I graduated from school and started studying Natural Resource Engineering because if I studied art, I couldn't have sustained myself. Another issue we deal with is time. Sure, most awesome artists used their free time in school but when you are in college, time is such a precious thing. I get depressed when I can't draw in a month or so, not because I don't want to but because I don't have time. And this doesn't only happen to me, most of my friends suffer a lot when they can't draw due to lack of time. So yes, it is hard to be an artist on LATAM. So please support small and popular original artists. Small artists may don't draw as well as they want to or at a professional level, but most of them practice every day. Popular artists have put a lot of effort into their art to get that good. The only way to make things better is to support each other.

-Bárbara Benítez

[00-pastel-princess-00-blog]

Oof i wanna be a wittwe modew fow someone but no one accepts underwaged agere wittwes...

[halifaxnoise]

SATURDAY. 7pm from @nscaduniversity — Tooth and Nail, fashion show showcasing the collections of student designers, takes place on Saturday, April 27, 2017 at 7 PM at NSCAD’s Port Campus. . Tickets for this show are $35 or $15 students/underwaged . http://bit.ly/2GGOm9Z . Thanks to #stewartmckelvey #tdinsurance #gordonstirrett for their support! . #nscad #nscaduniversity #nscadfashion http://bit.ly/2XEzNcw

[sneakycat-bishes]

Eat the Companies that abuse and dehumanize humans rights as well the planet. We are humans, and we need to stand by our sisters and brothers and those that are colored and disabled. Eat those that says against human rights!

Everyone that's for human rights and equality

@lostonehero @roanoaks

[blackletter20]

British Chiropractic Association v Singh | English Tort Law | Case Study | Black Letter Publishing Damages for libel and the freedom of expression, rely upon distinct terms of meaning for their preservation or application.