#Carnap

[c4rl1g]

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Unlike dogday which is on chains, catnap is on stakes, is that worse?

[philosophybitmaps]

[tagitables]

Rudolf Carnap 🤍

[llizzajanne]

oo and i have a cool job fuck yall hoes

[omegaphilosophia]

The Philosophy of Metaontology

Metaontology is a branch of philosophy that examines the nature, methodology, and foundations of ontology itself. Ontology is the study of what exists, the categories of being, and the relationships between entities. Metaontology, therefore, addresses questions about how we should approach ontological questions, what methods are appropriate for determining what exists, and what it means for something to be considered part of reality. Here’s an in-depth exploration of the philosophy of metaontology:

1. Key Questions in Metaontology

What is Ontology? Metaontology seeks to clarify what ontology is about, exploring its scope and limits. It asks whether ontology is about listing all the entities that exist or about understanding the fundamental structure of reality.

How Should Ontological Disputes Be Resolved? Metaontology investigates the methods and criteria for resolving disagreements about what exists. It questions whether ontological disputes are substantive or merely verbal disagreements.

What Are Ontological Commitments? This branch of philosophy examines the commitments we make when we assert the existence of certain entities. It explores how language, logic, and theoretical frameworks influence these commitments.

2. Approaches in Metaontology

Quinean Metaontology: W.V.O. Quine, a significant figure in metaontology, argued that ontological questions should be framed within a scientific and empirical context. He famously said, "To be is to be the value of a variable," suggesting that our ontological commitments are tied to the variables in our best scientific theories.

Carnap’s Framework: Rudolf Carnap proposed that ontological questions are internal to linguistic frameworks. According to Carnap, ontological disputes are often about choosing a convenient framework rather than discovering objective truths about reality.

Neo-Fregeanism: Neo-Fregeans, like Crispin Wright and Bob Hale, argue that certain abstract objects, such as numbers, can be said to exist based on their necessity for our best explanatory theories, particularly in mathematics.

Modal Realism: David Lewis's modal realism posits the existence of a plurality of possible worlds, treating them as just as real as the actual world. This view brings metaontological discussions to the forefront by challenging conventional notions of existence and reality.

3. Substantive vs. Deflationary Ontology

Substantive Ontology: This approach asserts that ontological questions are meaningful and substantive. Proponents believe that there are objective facts about what exists and that ontology aims to uncover these facts.

Deflationary Ontology: Deflationists argue that many ontological questions are not substantive but rather hinge on linguistic or conceptual frameworks. They suggest that resolving ontological disputes often involves clarifying language and concepts rather than discovering new facts about reality.

4. Ontological Commitment and Language

Ontological Commitment: Metaontology explores how our language and theoretical frameworks commit us to certain entities. For example, using terms like "numbers" or "universals" in scientific or mathematical theories involves an implicit commitment to the existence of these entities.

Reference and Existence: The philosophy of metaontology examines how the reference of terms in our language influences our ontological commitments. It questions whether referring to something implies its existence or if reference can be understood in a more flexible way.

5. Methodological Considerations

Naturalized Ontology: This approach, influenced by Quine, suggests that ontological questions should be addressed using the methods of natural science. It emphasizes empirical evidence and scientific theories in determining what exists.

Conceptual Analysis: Some metaontologists use conceptual analysis to clarify and resolve ontological questions. This method involves analyzing the concepts and categories we use to talk about existence and being.

6. Contemporary Debates

Realism vs. Anti-Realism: Metaontology engages with debates between realists, who believe that there are objective facts about what exists, and anti-realists, who argue that existence is relative to conceptual schemes or linguistic frameworks.

Ontological Pluralism: This view holds that there can be multiple, equally valid ways of describing what exists, depending on the context or framework. Ontological pluralists argue that reality can be understood in various ways without privileging one over the others.

The philosophy of metaontology is a rich and complex field that delves into the foundations of ontology, examining the nature of existence, the methods for resolving ontological disputes, and the commitments we make when we assert the existence of various entities. From Quinean naturalism to Carnap's linguistic frameworks, metaontology offers diverse approaches to understanding the nature of being and existence. It challenges philosophers to consider the deeper implications of their ontological commitments and the methods they use to explore the fundamental structure of reality.

[witekspicsoldpostcards]

CARNAP (Essen- Carnap) - part of Essen, Germany

[philosophybits]

It is not our business to set up prohibitions, but to arrive at conventions... In logic, there are no morals.

Rudolf Carnap, The Logical Syntax of Language

[perkwunos]

Causal relation means predictability. This does not mean actual predictability, because no one could have known all the relevant facts and laws. It means predictability in the sense that, if the total previous situation had been known, the event could have been predicted. For this reason, when I use the term “predictability” I mean it in a somewhat metaphorical sense. It does not imply the possibility of someone actually predicting the event, but rather a potential predictability. Given all the relevant facts and all the relevant laws of nature, it would have been possible to predict the event before it happened. This prediction is a logical consequence of the facts and laws. In other words, there is a logical relation between the full description of the previous condition, the relevant laws, and the prediction of the event. The relevant single facts involved in the previous situation can, in principle, be known. (We ignore here the practical difficulty of obtaining all the facts, as well as the limitations imposed in principle by quantum theory on knowing all the facts at the subatomic level.) With respect to knowing the relevant laws, a much larger problem arises. When a causal relation is defined by saying that an event can be logically inferred from a set of facts and laws, what is meant by “laws”? … What is meant when it is said that event B is caused by event A? It is that there are certain laws in nature from which event B can be logically deduced when they are combined with the full description of event A. Whether the laws L can be stated or not is irrelevant. Of course, it is relevant if a proof is demanded that the assertion is true. But it is not relevant in order to give the meaning of the assertion. It is this that makes the analysis of causality such a difficult, precarious task. When a causal relation is mentioned, there is always an implicit reference to unspecified laws of nature. It would be much too exacting, too far out of line with current usage, to demand that every time someone asserted that, “A was the cause of B”, he must be able to state all the laws involved. Of course, if he can state all the relevant laws, then he has proved his assertion. But such proof must not be demanded before his statement is accepted as meaningful.

Rudolf Carnap, Philosophical Foundations of Physics

[existentialcomicsfeed]

Philosophy Strike!

[marta-bee]

As a former (academic) philosopher, I'm always chuckling whenever a Tumblr poll lists "I'm bald" as an option to just see the results.

See, there's a controversy in philosophy of language revolving around the sentence, "The present king of France is bald." Is it false? Well, if you round up all the bald things in existence, the present king of France is certainly not among them - because there isn't a king of France, France is a republic. But logic tells us, if X is false, not-X should be true. At least according to some, that would mean "The present king of France is not bald" would be true, which is also not the case since --again-- there is no present king of France. If you collected all the not-bald things, the present king of France would emphatically not be among them either.

Let me tell you I have listened to arguments about this utterly, completely stupid point until my ears bled. It's probably a big part of why I got into medieval phil-lang and not its mid 20th century counterpart. I still find the specialty fascinating. Just not, you know, *gestures*

And every time I see one of you happening froods say you're bald, I get flashbacks to the wars. Followed quickly by the urge to giggle. Thank goodness it's not my problem to untangle any more.

[carlocarrasco]

Wanted carnapping suspect arrested in Parañaque City

Recently in the City of Parañaque, local police officers armed with a warrant of arrest successfully apprehended a man who has been wanted for carnapping, according to a Daily Tribune news report. To put things in perspective, posted below is an excerpt from the news report of Daily Tribune. Some parts in boldface… Parañaque City police operatives arrested a 47-year-old man identified as alias…

[geopolicraticus]

Beyond the Striving after Correctness

The Adventure of Modern Logic.—A science of science is a function of the conceptual framework of a civilization or an era of history. There is a sense in which we can say that we had a science of science that was slowly and incrementally built up from Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics up through nineteenth century works on logic like Bernard Bolzano’s Theory of Science. The re-founding of logic as mathematical logic upended this entire tradition, ending the science of science that had been adequate to the needs to pre-modern science. In this way, mathematical logic is to the science of modern science as Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics was to the science of pre-modern science. We had to abandon our previous science of science and set out upon the uncharted waters of modern science with no foundation or map, in order to inaugurate a new age of science, which might someday converge on its own science of science. Rudolf Carnap, one of the founders of mathematical logic, gave a sense of what was involved in this, and presented it as an adventure: “The first attempts to cast the ship of logic off from the terra firma of the classical forms were certainly bold ones, considered from the historical point of view. But they were hampered by the striving after ‘correctness.’ Now, however, that impediment has been overcome, and before us lies the boundless ocean of unlimited possibilities.” All adventures, however, are fraught with peril. The adventure of modern logic, freeing itself from what Carnap called the striving after correctness, has its perils as well, since, without this ancient sense of correctness, we are left with dead reckoning as our only means of navigation.

[tagitables]

8 April 2024, 02:21 AM

Pre-occupation necessarily precedes occupation. Syntactically speaking, this is a certain way of illustrating the logical structure of the world.

# as inspired by rudolf carnap

[corruptology]

I'm so sick of reading 100+ pages about logical positivism and protocol sentences or whatever the fuck carnap, neurath, and schick were rambling on about for this damn philosophy class. Imagine claiming that metaphysics is bullshit without even being able to settle what a protocol sentence is.... couldn't be me

[starrystella85]

Home Sweet Home Au (image and Au by: @MissMio)

Since the day you left that hell scape of a toy factory known as Playtime Co. you may have brought some stowaways with you, specifically Dogday, Catnap, Kissy, Huggy, Poppy, you get the idea. The human toy experiments that Playtime Co. created from their insane and sadistic imagination, honestly what were they thinking when they did this, anyways you took them home with you to your giant mansion in the woods, that your family owned thanks to not only the money you had made at Playtime Co. while it was still in operation, but because your family owned a huge marketing company that made millions. What was it named? Safe Heaven Toys LLC, funny really that your life revolved around toys.

On the drive home cause you had to make multiple trips during the night so no one would see the monstrosities that were once human in the back of your truck, you pulled into the driveway with the last of the toys, and as soon as you step inside Dogday and Catnap are the first to greet you.

"Welcome home Angel!" The orange stuffed dog said as his tail wagged violently through the air, his tone upbeat and energetic.

"Savior. . .welcome." The purple cat said in a more sleepy tone, but nonetheless excited to see you as his tail snaked it's way around your hips.

"hey guys. . .ugh. . ." You said to them before almost collapsing from the amount of sleep and sustenance you were deprived of, you were lucky that Carnap still had his tail wrapped around your hips to make sure you wouldn't fall face first.

"You need. . .rest now. . .Savior." Catnap stated and honestly you couldn't have agreed more. And so you were brought upstairs to the master bedroom, your room and placed on your king sized bed. As soon as you hit the mattress you pass out immediately, out like a damn light. It would take at least a week before you can recover from all the bullshit that you when through or so the toys thought. Apparently you only need like three days of sleep and a large portion of food, but other than that you were good.

Everyday for the next three days the toys would check on you, making sure that you were alright and well provided for, then just like that you were back on your feet ready to start the day. You've never felt *this* peaceful before, actually you've never felt *this* peaceful a day in your life since you were always moving and on the go, but it felt nice and finally having some company thanks to the living toys you didn't feel as lonely as you originally did before they came into your life.

"Angel how are you feeling now?" Dogday asks you know he's just doing it out of concern for you, he was always a sweet one, possessive? Maybe, but definitely sweet.

"I'm alright Dogday, I've just been doing one to many things that I crashed." You replied back to him, easing his worries, still there's a small glint in his eyes that say otherwise. "I'm being honest Dogday I'm fine." You told him as you began to scratch behind his ears making his foot do the weird moving thing. It was adorable to see and you couldn't help but scratch harder and harder which caused his tail to start thumping against the floor, causing a giggle to come out of your lips. Hearing your soft voice and fits of laughter caused a deep crimson blush to spread across Dogday's face. If he was given the chance he could listen to you all day, cause something about your voice just makes his heart flutter. Unfortunately the moment was short lived cause Catnap having a long ass tail like he does managed to snatch you up and drag you away from the loving pup that was Dogday.

"CATNAP!!! 💢" Yup Dogday was pissed as soon as you were stolen away from him. He tried searching all of the mansion but the mansion was to big and had one too many rooms that Catnap could use to hide, so the poor angry orange puppy gave up, but he swore if he saw that cat again he was going to teach him a lesson about stealing *HIS* angel away from him. Meanwhile Catnap and taken you to the more quiet areas of the house, mainly the ones you didn't have any use for and was just kinda sitting there gathering dust, except for a room that Catnap made to be his nesting spot. The room had a bunch of mattresses, blankets, pillows, and other soft plush-like materials he could find, half of them belonging to you, and the other half you don't know where in gods name he got it from. Probably stole it or something.

"hi Catnap." You said to the large purple cat as he looked at you while holding you within his arms. A faint purr came from his throat as his ears flicked, indicating that he acknowledges you.

"Savior. . ." He says. Ever since you saved him from, what would have been an unfortunate accident if you didn't intervene, was his near death encounter with 1006, and while he knows that he'll always be somewhat loyal to the prototype, he'll mostly be loyal to you just like, if more, the prototype.

Later you were wondering around aimlessly tell someone hugged you from behind. When you looked up you saw the blue huggable monster himself, Huggy Waggy. He'd changed since he and the other toys left the factory with you, and like Dogday, he was extremely clingy. It also didn't help that fact that whenever he looked at you he gave you this innocent little face as if saying "love me."

[daylighted]

Heyy could u do another part of baby!reader but maybe having dean telling Sam who she is

oh don't mind if i do ! baby!reader is quickly becoming so famous to me in my head she's lovely n i'm so glad u guys adore her too <3 prequel to this & sequel to this!!

it'd been a bit awkward, having to explain why he'd had to walk miles upon miles to get back to the motel where sam was waiting. why he'd brought a literally naked you along with him, who he'd very humbly given his jeans to so you didn't get a chill. or kidnapped. carnapped?

whatever. dean still didn't know, exactly, what to do.

sam was outside of the motel room, probably having gone out to keep an eye out for dean's arrival. he was a worrier like that, and dean didn't tend to make it very easy for him when he left for an easy witch hunt and didn't come back for nearly an hour and a half.

"where's baby?" he asks when dean is close enough, damn near winded because of the nonstop walking, and because you hadn't really offered up your watered down diner coca-cola to him. after all he'd done for you, too? his jeans?

dean opens his mouth to answer, and instead, your voice perks up. "i'm here!"

sam blinks, and then blinks thrice more times, like he'd only just processed the sight in front of him. dean, pantsless. you, shirtless, in his big jeans that he'd heard jangling every two seconds when you yanked them up.

his mouth closes. opens. closes. dean grimaces. "helluva night it's been, sammy."

"who's this?"

you are a spitfire of a thing. dean always knew it. you always seemed to talk back to him when he kept driving past the low fuel ding, as he so often did on the infinite miles he'd racked up on you. sounds weird now, thinking about all these little details about you, when none of it applied anymore. car logic was not equivalent to human anatomy.

so he barely flinches, especially after the last two hours with you, when you say, "i'm baby." you fish around in the leather pockets of the jacket you'd gotten in your... tune up? dean didn't fucking know. you pull out wads and wads of straw wrappers that he'd tried to tuck away in the glovebox, keeping his mess to, visibly, a minimum. "look. dean's mess."

"hey." dean swats your hand lightly, snatching a stray dollar bill that fell out with the crumpled straw wrappers. "no littering."

sammy puts his hands up, as if he could physically pause this. "you're baby."

"i'm baby!" you sound ecstatic now, even though you look so damn exhausted. maybe a nap would equate to an oil change. dean really, seriously, could not keep thinking on this tonight. he was damn exhausted too.

sam scoffs out a little laugh, the dimples poking into his cheeks. "no way."

"witch said, 'would you still love your car so much if she was a girl', turned her to ash, came back out of the woods ready to get the hell out of dodge, and..." dean trails off, gesturing to you, gnawing on the straw of his drink. "here was baby."

sam's face must look exactly like dean's did, when you'd ran right up to him. dean couldn't have imagined himself looking anything less than utterly, completely, baffled. "this is a development."

"yeah."

you start to walk past sam, striding up to the motel room door like you already knew which it was, and maybe you did. dean didn't know at all what abilities came with going from a car to a girl.

you turn so quickly that the edges of your jacket splay open, and dean has never averted his gaze so quick. must have been genetic, because sam, too, was suddenly very interested in the starless sky and the three leaves left hanging onto the winter branches of the scattered trees.

"someone let me in." you bang on the door with your fist, already staring expectantly at dean when he deems it safe to look back down at you. "we're locked out."

sam's smile is somehow more grimace than dean's. "i've got a key."

"so use it." you're gnawing on that straw again. dean has got to get a fucking grip and stop watching your mouth.

"you're a mouthy little thing, baby," dean grumbles, moving past sam to fumble around for his own key. "weren't half as mouthy when you were a car and did whatever i'd say."

the door pushes open, revealing a dingy motel room with two beds. two. and a little armchair propped in the corner like a joke.

"i'd still do whatever you say." it catches dean off guard, somewhat, because he's spent long enough with you, one-on-one, to know that you were stiffly incapable of lying. you were helpless to anything but to tell the facts.

you drop down onto one of the beds, sprawled out across the mattress like you own it, and dean knows without even needing to ask that he's going to end up in that armchair. because he sure as hell cannot sleep next to you, when you were pretty, and he couldn't stop looking at your mouth, and would do whatever the hell he said, somehow, you were his car.

sam pats him on the shoulder. "when's this changing back?" he asks, low enough that you can't hear him over the sound of you bouncing on the bed, now.

dean sighs, nose bridge pinched between his two fingers. "not soon enough. if ever."

his nod is slow, and far too amused for dean to handle, right then, so he steps around him to make himself at home in the armchair, his bed for, probably, the next eternity, when it came to motel rooms. sunglasses over his eyes and everything.

"what are you doing?"

dean pushes the glasses up. "goin' to bed."

sam has made himself comfortable without question in the other bed. bastard.

"that's stupid. you can sleep with me. you always used to fall asleep in me." you sound so damn sweet when you say it that dean resists the laugh. barely, but it counts.

it isn't until sam starts cackling that dean breaks. he looks over at you, the little confused sheepishness on your face so damn endearing, and he forces the laughter back down, in its place an equally gentle smile.

"okay, baby," he says, silently glad that you'd offered, crediting it all to the fact that the chair was uncomfortable as hell, and not to the fact that he'd secretly been hoping for the invitation, "but don't expect any damn cuddling or something."