#Circuit Card Assembly

[circuitcardassembly]

How Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) Differs from Circuit Card Assembly (CCA)?

In the electronics industry, words like PCBA and circuit card Assembly (CCA) are often used. Despite their equality, however, there is a significant difference in references, applications and scope of these words. Understanding the difference between PCBA and CCA is crucial for experts working on electronic systems for engineers, designers and buying experts.

Understanding of printed circuit board Assembly (PCBA)

The Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) refers to the process where electronic components are mixed on a bare PCB to create a completely functional tray. This includes growing active and passive components such as resistance, capacitor, integrated circuit (ICS), contacts and more. The PCBA process includes a combination of Surface Mount Technology (SMT), through-Hole Technology (THT) or both. Following the assembly, the board reviews test processes such as Automated Optical Inspection (AOI), in-Circuit Test (ICT) and functional testing to ensure quality and reliability.

Typically, PCBA is utilized to portray both the manufacturing handle and the coming about board. It centres particularly on the populated board itself and not the total framework in which it will inevitably operate.

What is Circuit Card Assembly (CCA)?

Circuit Card Assembly (CCA) is a broader term that can allude to a completed electronic Assembly that may incorporate not as it were the populated board but too connectors, protecting, mechanical latches, and now and then lodging components. The term CCA is regularly utilized in businesses like aviation, defense, and broadcast communications where complex electronic modules are built as portion of bigger systems.

A Circuit Card Assembly may comprise of one or more PCBAs mounted inside a chassis or case, total with wiring, warm administration components, and extra mechanical bolsters. It is a more all encompassing term that goes past the uncovered board to incorporate extra parts essential for sending in real-world environments.

Key Contrasts Between PCBA and CCA

1. Scope:

• PCBA refers specifically to the assembled circuit board with electronic components.

• CCA encompasses the entire assembly that includes the PCBA along with mechanical and structural elements.

2. Usage Context:

• PCBA is commonly utilized in customer hardware, car, and common gadgets manufacturing.

• CCA is predominant in exceedingly controlled divisions like aviation and military, where point by point system-level congregations are essential.

3. Complexity:

• A PCBA is typically a subcomponent within a larger device.

• A CCA may represent a standalone module ready for integration into larger systems.

4. Terminology Origin:

• PCBA is more commonly used in commercial and industrial electronics manufacturing terminology.

• CCA stems from military and aerospace documentation and procurement language.

Conclusion

While Printed Circuit Board Assembly and Circuit Card Assembly may show up comparative at to begin with look, they serve distinctive parts in the lifecycle of an electronic item. PCBA centres on the prepare of populating a circuit board, while CCA covers a more comprehensive electronic module. Recognizing the contrasts between PCBA and CCA guarantees superior communication, clearer documentation, and more successful extend arranging over designing and manufacturing groups.

[pcbandassembly]

Streamlining Circuit Card Assembly: How PCB Board Assembly Simplifies Electronics Manufacturing

The world is constantly evolving in the field of electronics manufacturing-transforming technologies and innovations do not leave the industry. One of the substantial advancements has taken place in the way it deals with the circuit card assembly process. PCB board assembly is how PCBs make the manufacturing of electronic devices simple for a company to optimize its operations, improve product quality, and deliver in response to the ever-increasing demands of the marketplace. To read more click on the link now.

[aviationaxis-blog]

The Role of Soldering in Circuit Card Assembly

Circuit card assembly (CCA) is a critical process in the production of electronic devices, involving the integration of various electronic components onto a printed circuit board (PCB). But what is circuit card assembly without the essential technique of soldering? Soldering plays a vital role in ensuring the reliability, functionality, and durability of the assembled circuit cards. This blog will explore the importance of soldering in circuit card assembly and how it impacts the overall quality of electronic products.

Understanding Circuit Card Assembly

Before diving into the specifics of soldering, it is important to understand what is circuit card assembly. CCA refers to the process of connecting electronic components to a PCB to create a functional electronic circuit. This involves several steps, including component placement, soldering, inspection, and testing. The quality of each step significantly influences the performance and longevity of the final product.

The Importance of Soldering in CCA

Soldering is the process of joining two or more electronic components together by melting solder around the connection. The solder, a fusible metal alloy, creates a strong electrical bond between the components and the PCB. Here’s why soldering is crucial in circuit card assembly:

1. Electrical Connectivity

The primary function of soldering in CCA is to ensure electrical connectivity between components. Properly soldered joints provide a reliable path for electrical signals to travel through the circuit, ensuring that the device operates as intended. Without secure solder joints, components may not function correctly, leading to device failure.

2. Mechanical Stability

In addition to electrical connectivity, soldering provides mechanical stability to the components on the PCB. Solder joints help hold the components in place, preventing them from moving or becoming loose. This stability is particularly important in devices subjected to physical stress or vibration, such as mobile phones and automotive electronics.

3. Thermal Conductivity

Soldering also plays a role in thermal conductivity, helping to dissipate heat generated by the components during operation. Proper heat dissipation is essential for maintaining the performance and longevity of electronic devices. Poor soldering can lead to overheating, which can damage components and reduce the lifespan of the device.

4. Minimizing Signal Interference

Good soldering practices help minimize signal interference in electronic circuits. Poorly soldered joints can create electrical noise and signal degradation, affecting the performance of the device. High-quality solder joints ensure that the electrical signals remain clear and free from interference.

Types of Soldering Techniques in CCA

There are several soldering techniques used in circuit card assembly, each with its advantages and specific applications:

1. Hand Soldering

Hand soldering is a manual process where a technician uses a soldering iron to join components to the PCB. This technique is often used for small-scale production, prototyping, and rework tasks. While hand soldering provides flexibility and precision, it requires skilled technicians to ensure high-quality joints.

2. Wave Soldering

Wave soldering is an automated process commonly used for through-hole components. In this method, the PCB is passed over a wave of molten solder, which creates solder joints for all the components simultaneously. Wave soldering is efficient and suitable for high-volume production, but it may not be ideal for surface-mount components.

3. Reflow Soldering

Reflow soldering is the preferred method for surface-mount technology (SMT) components. In this process, solder paste is applied to the PCB, and components are placed on the paste. The assembly is then heated in a reflow oven, causing the solder paste to melt and form joints. Reflow soldering is precise and ideal for densely packed PCBs.

Ensuring Quality in Soldering

To achieve high-quality solder joints, it is essential to follow best practices in soldering. This includes using the right soldering temperature, ensuring proper flux application, and avoiding common soldering defects such as cold joints, solder bridges, and voids. Regular inspection and testing are also crucial to identify and rectify any issues early in the process.

Conclusion

Soldering is an indispensable technique in circuit card assembly, playing a crucial role in ensuring electrical connectivity, mechanical stability, thermal conductivity, and signal integrity. By understanding what is circuit card assembly and the importance of soldering, manufacturers can produce reliable and high-performing electronic devices. Whether through hand soldering, wave soldering, or reflow soldering, achieving high-quality solder joints is essential for the success of any electronic assembly project.

[reveryfics]

Hello !!

If you write for him, could I request Tony Stark x m reader ? Nothing specific, maybe something similar to the reader from your Scott Lang fic. (Loved it!)

thanks!

A Game Of Chess

Tony Stark x Male Reader

Summary: Tony isn't convinced you're anything but lucky, despite your constant reminder of your mutant powers

A/N: I couldn't think of a good mutant power, so reader is simply has telepathy/telekinesis. Plus I feel Tony would just in general be a sceptical person. Sorry it's short!

TW: Tony - Teasing

Ah, yes, another glorious evening of shattering Tony Stark's ego. You, of course, couldn't help but let out a perfectly timed, utterly condescending chuckle as you watched his meticulously crafted facade of composure crumble like a stale cookie. There he sat, the great Tony Stark, inventor, genius, playboy, philanthropist, reduced to a sputtering, red-faced mess by… you.

Honestly, it was getting a little repetitive. Ever since you graced his presence with your magnificent, undeniably mutant abilities (which he, bless his cotton socks, still insisted were mere parlor tricks), he’d been on this pathetic quest to prove you were cheating. As if you needed to cheat. You, with your telekinetic prowess and the ability to read his mind like a particularly dull picture book.

He’d challenged you to everything: cards, darts, even a ridiculously complex game of quantum Sudoku. You, of course, had demolished him at every turn. It was less a competition and more like watching a toddler try to assemble a rocket ship with mittens on.

Tonight, it was chess. He huffed, that familiar, petulant sound you'd come to associate with his impending defeat, and took a hearty swig of his overpriced whiskey. "I refuse to believe you aren't, at the very least, employing some form of… nefarious tactics," he accused, his finger wagging like a disgruntled metronome. You, in your infinite magnanimity, merely shrugged, downing your own, significantly less expensive whiskey with a theatrical flourish.

It was a delightful internal battle playing out in his mind: the logical side desperately trying to rationalize your victories as mere coincidence, while the increasingly desperate side was screaming, “Just admit he’s a mutant, you stubborn fool!” You could practically hear the gears grinding, the circuits short-circuiting.

"Why can't you just accept it?" you drawled, raising a perfectly sculpted eyebrow. He glared, a look that would have been intimidating if he weren't currently sporting a very fetching shade of beetroot red.

Another game commenced, and, predictably, within minutes, you had him checkmated. He groaned, rubbing his temples as if trying to massage some sense into his thick skull. "Okay, fine, maybe… just maybe… you're telepathic," he conceded, his voice dripping with reluctant admiration. "So, what am I thinking right now?" he asked, a smug smirk spreading across his face, clearly thinking he’d finally caught you in a trap.

"Oh, you know, the usual. 'Here he is, defeating me in chess with his mind, and all I can think about is what he’d look like naked, preferably tangled up in my expensive Egyptian cotton sheets,'" you replied, your tone as casual as if you were discussing the weather.

His face turned a shade of crimson that would have made a tomato envious. He sputtered, his mouth opening and closing like a goldfish gasping for air. "Right, right, I concede," he mumbled, finally accepting his utter and complete defeat.

The next hour was a parade of his pathetic attempts to test your powers. He’d ask you to move objects, to guess his favorite color, to predict the next word he was going to say. Each successful demonstration only served to further fluster him.

It was particularly amusing when you’d casually mention his more… colorful thoughts. Especially when you’d pulled your chair a little closer, leaning in just enough for him to smell the whiskey on your breath, to see the mischievous glint in your eyes. "Seriously, Tony," you purred, your hand tracing a slow circle on his knee, "what would the Avengers say if they knew how desperately you wanted to… engage in some extracurricular activities with me?"

He tugged at his collar, his eyes darting around the room like a trapped ferret. "They… they wouldn’t believe you," he stammered, his voice barely a whisper.

You chuckled, your hand now sliding up his thigh, then his chest, as you stood up. "Maybe next time, Stark," you called over your shoulder as you sauntered away, leaving him in a state of delightful disarray.

Who knew his stubborn disbelief would lead to such… entertaining results? And, if you played your cards right, to something far more interesting in the future. After all, a little bit of chaos was always good for the soul, especially Tony's.

[stevebattle]

S.A.M by "Bill" (1978). "S.A.M (Short for "Sentient, Autonomous Mechanism" or "Smart Ass Machine", depending on his (and my) mood on a given day, was one of my first real robot projects, started in 1978 when I was around 15. His "brain" was a single-board Z-80 computer (the big square object in the middle of his "back" in this picture), with many bits of TTL I/O, a couple of serial ports, a bunch of counter-timers, and several D/A & A/D channels. The base was taken from the book "How to Build a Computer Controlled Robot" by Todd Loofbourrow - I had built the robot in the book, and had used my KIM-1 to control it. Later, I decided that just a little platform was kind of boring, so I added the upper torso shown here. The torso (mounted on a "lazy-susan" turntable bearing) is rotated by a heavy-duty gear motor driving a chain and sprocket assembly from a bicycle. The base is powered by two of the (apparently no longer available, which is sad) all-metal rubber-tired "motorized wheel" assemblies that Herbach & Rademan used to sell, with a large rubber-tired caster in front. The head platform (mounted on a small "lazy-susan" bearing) was originally rotated by a surplus gearbox from a Mattel "Big Trak" with some rubber-tired wheels mounted on the output shafts. This arrangement was later replaced by a small gear-head motor driving a large gear mounted to the center of the turntable. The device in the head with the tubes sticking out the front is a directional light tracking device. Each tube has a CDS photocell at the bottom, and is painted flat black inside. A comparator circuit tells the computer which direction the brightest light is coming from. This device could also tilt up and down with a small gear-head motor, to track light sources vertically. Most of the circuitry was installed on small plug-boards from Radio Shack, mounted in a card rack below the CPU card. This rack could be tipped back 90 degrees to facilitate easier access for testing. In addition to motor driver circuits, there was a "Sweet Talker" speech synthesizer board so he could talk. Power came from a large "gel-cell" marine battery (for powering trolling motors on boats), which was slung near the ground in the center of the base. Two 6V lantern batteries (later replaced by a 12V motorcycle battery) provided separate power for the electronics. All motors were isolated from the electronics via relays and/or opto-isolators. After these pictures were taken, a set of metal panels was installed on the "facets" of the base, with lever switches behind them for collision sensing. A Polaroid sonar range-finder was also added later. If you check out the other photos of S.A.M., you will notice an "arm" sticking out the front. This was a prototype made from an old swing-arm desk lamp and some "fingers" from a robot hand design using brass tubing, bicycle chain, and 1/16" steel cable to allow natural bending of each finger. It was later replaced with a much heavier duty aluminum framework arm operated by two 12VDC linear actuators." – My Home Robot Projects, by Bill.

[dragonagitator]

Spell to help heal a malfunctioning elevator:

Vegvisir, an Icelandic magical stave for the protection of travelers.

Scroll with the invocation "Gods and Goddesses of travelers, spirits of the land: Please heal, protect, and bless our elevator. Thanks."

Pretty little spice jar from my new favorite local hardware store (I like the vibes there).

A collection of healing crystals cleansed in salt and then charged in the light of Saturday's full moon (left to right):

Green Sandstone: "calming & uplifting" "renews & restores your depleted energies"

Fire & Ice Quartz: "cleanses energy" "balances energies" "connection to higher dimensions" [and floors, I hope]

Madagascar Tumbled Indigo Gabro: "strength & confidence" "protection" "transmutes negative energy & electromagnetic frequencies"

Aqua Aura Quartz: "master healing qualities" "interdimensional travel" [I figure if it can help one travel between dimensions then travel between floors should be easy, right?]

Raw Clear Calcite: "transmutes negative energy" "amplifies positive vibrations throughout any space" "powerful energy purifier!"

Angel Aura Amethyst: "transmutes negative energy into love" "protection from all types of harm"

Chiastolite: "strength, power, & perseverance" "protection against negative energy" "used to ward off curses & spells"

Honeycomb Calcite: "gently uplifts & amplifies energies"

Lava Stone: "grounding" "endurance & energy stability"

(Descriptions copied down from the cards at the crystals store. I don't actually know anything about crystals, I just read through all of the descriptions of all the crystals they had in stock and selected the ones that seemed of particular relevance to an elevator that keeps blowing a circuit board every time the elevator repair guys turn it back on.)

After assembling, I cupped the spell jar in my hands while focusing my intentions on "please start fucking working again, it's been a fucking week, for fucks sake!"

I gave it to the property manager this morning and he promised to tuck it into a corner of the elevator maintenance access closet. I believe that he'll actually follow through on that because the elevator repair company has been here every day and can't even figure out what's wrong much less how to fix it, and he's been bearing the brunt of the tenant ire over that.

Meanwhile, we just moved into a top floor apartment last week, the elevator broke in between loads (not our fault, the elevator maintenance company broke it during a scheduled upgrade), and 2/3rds of our stuff has been sitting in storage for a week until today, when property management finally gave up waiting for the elevator to get fixed and paid for some professional movers to haul it up the stairs for us.

So both the property manager and I have reached the point of "fuck it, let's try witchcraft."

[digitaldetoxworld]

Building a Computer: The Essential Components You Need to Know

 A pc gadget is made of numerous additives that work together to carry out obligations and execute applications. These additives may be extensively labeled into hardware and software, however in this article, we can attention at the critical hardware additives of a computer. Hardware refers to the physical components of a laptop that you can contact, including the valuable processing unit (CPU), reminiscence, garage devices, and input/output peripherals.

Essential computer components for assembling a custom desktop

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU, regularly referred to as the "mind" of the computer, is one of the maximum important components in any system. It carries out instructions from programs via acting fundamental arithmetic, logic, manipulate, and enter/output operations distinct via the instructions. The CPU is typically housed on a single chip, that is known as a microprocessor. It is composed of more than one cores, which allow it to deal with more than one responsibilities concurrently.

The CPU operates primarily based on a clock speed measured in Hertz (Hz), which defines what number of cycles it is able to carry out per second. Modern CPUs function inside the gigahertz (GHz) range, allowing them to technique billions of commands in keeping with second.

2. Motherboard

The motherboard serves as the critical platform that connects all of the laptop components. It is a large circuit board that homes the CPU, reminiscence, and various other key components. The motherboard lets in verbal exchange among all components of the computer and ensures that facts can tour correctly through the system.

It also consists of diverse growth slots, ports, and connectors for additional components, which include pix cards, community cards, storage gadgets, and peripherals. The motherboard is crucial for the general functioning of a pc and serves as the muse for different components.

3. Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is a form of risky reminiscence that briefly stores facts that the CPU is presently the use of or processing. When you open a software in your laptop, it receives loaded into RAM for quicker get right of entry to. The extra RAM a laptop has, the extra packages and records it can cope with simultaneously, resulting in higher average overall performance.

However, RAM is volatile, meaning that it loses all its information whilst the laptop is turned off. Therefore, it isn't always used for long-time period storage of documents or facts. Common styles of RAM consist of DDR4 and DDR5, every presenting upgrades in pace and efficiency over previous generations.

Four. Storage Devices

Storage devices are used to shop data on an extended-time period foundation. The most common forms of garage gadgets in modern-day computers are:

Hard Disk Drive (HDD): An HDD is a traditional garage tool that makes use of mechanical spinning disks to read and write records. While it offers high garage ability at a decrease cost, it's miles pretty slower as compared to more recent technology.

Solid State Drive (SSD): An SSD makes use of flash memory to keep information, supplying lots quicker examine and write speeds than an HDD. SSDs are extra reliable because they haven't any transferring parts, and that they consume much less power.

Hybrid Drives (SSHD): Hybrid drives combine the benefits of both SSDs and HDDs. These drives provide huge storage capacities even as imparting some of the speed benefits of SSD generation by way of the use of a small amount of flash memory.

Optical Drives (DVD, Blu-ray): Although less common in current computer systems, optical drives are used to study and write optical discs. These drives are normally slower and have lower storage capacities than tough drives and solid-country drives.

5. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

The GPU, or pictures card, is liable for rendering photos, motion pictures, and animations in a pc system. GPUs have grow to be more and more essential as computing has developed, particularly for obligations such as gaming, video editing, 3D rendering, and synthetic intelligence (AI) packages.

The GPU includes thousands of cores designed to address parallel duties, making it far more efficient than the CPU on the subject of graphic-extensive operations. High-performance GPUs are utilized in gaming computers and workstations that require heavy computational strength, which includes the ones utilized in deep getting to know.

6. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The PSU is responsible for converting electric strength from an outlet into the ideal voltage and current required by using the laptop's inner additives. The PSU regulates the strength to make sure the laptop operates accurately without overloading any parts. The size and electricity ability of the PSU are critical factors while constructing or upgrading a pc, especially if high-performance components like a effective GPU are being used.

Power resources come with exceptional wattage rankings, and it is essential to choose one that offers enough electricity for all additives, including any destiny upgrades.

7. Cooling System

Modern pc components generate heat, in particular excessive-performance processors and pictures cards. Without an effective cooling device, the additives could overheat, leading to decreased overall performance or even harm.

Cooling structures can take the form of:

Air Cooling: The most common and best shape of cooling, in which fanatics are used to dissipate warmth away from additives which includes the CPU and GPU. These lovers are commonly connected to warmness sinks to enhance warmth dissipation.

Liquid Cooling: A more superior cooling solution that makes use of water to transfer warmness faraway from components. Liquid cooling is frequently utilized in high-performance structures wherein air cooling might not suffice.

Passive Cooling: Involves warmness sinks that passively burn up warmness thru physical contact with the thing. Passive cooling is quieter and commonly utilized in less demanding systems.

Eight. Input Devices

Input gadgets are used to have interaction with the computer and provide information. Some of the most commonplace input devices are:

Keyboard: Allows the consumer to enter textual content and instructions into the laptop.

Mouse: A pointing tool used to have interaction with the graphical consumer interface (GUI) of the computer.

Touchscreen: Found in many cutting-edge laptops, drugs, and smartphones, a touchscreen lets in customers to engage directly with the show with the aid of touching it.

Microphone, Webcam, and Others: Other input devices include microphones for voice instructions and webcams for video recording or communication.

Nine. Output Devices

Output gadgets allow the pc to speak information to the person. Common output gadgets encompass:

Monitor: The most common output device for showing the pc's graphical person interface, videos, and images.

Speakers/Headphones: Allow audio output from the laptop, useful for looking motion pictures, paying attention to tune, or taking part in voice calls.

Printers: Convert digital documents into physical form, such as paper copies.

10. Expansion Cards

An expansion card is a further aspect inserted into an expansion slot at the motherboard to feature new competencies to the computer. Common growth playing cards encompass:

Sound Card: Enhances the audio abilities of a computer.

Network Interface Card (NIC): Allows a pc to connect with a community, including Ethernet or Wi-Fi.

TV Tuner Card: Enables a laptop to receive tv signals and display them at the display.

11. Networking Components

In a related world, networking components are important for ensuring that a computer can speak with different gadgets. These components consist of:

Network Interface Cards (NIC): Allows a pc to connect with a stressed (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) community.

Routers/Switches: Devices that control visitors among computer systems and devices in a community, making sure records is routed to an appropriate destinations.

Modems: Devices that join a computer or network to the net, normally via broadband services like cable or DSL.

[chinacleanroomwipes]

IT Cleaning Requirements

In IT cleaning, lint-free cotton swabs, lint-free wipes, and lint-free gloves are essential tools, especially when dealing with precision electronic devices and sensitive components. They effectively prevent contamination that could impact device performance due to residual particles or pollutants. Below is an overview of the specific applications and benefits of these tools in IT cleaning.

1. Applications of Lint-Free Cotton Swabs in IT Cleaning

Lint-free cotton swabs are primarily used for cleaning small components in IT equipment, especially hard-to-reach corners and connection points.

Application Scenarios:

Cleaning Circuit Boards and Motherboards: Dust, oil, or other particles can accumulate on circuit boards. Lint-free cotton swabs can reach these tight spaces to clean without leaving residues.

Cleaning Ports and Connectors: USB ports, HDMI ports, audio interfaces, and other connection points tend to collect dust and cause corrosion. Lint-free cotton swabs effectively clean these areas, ensuring no interference with signal transmission.

Cleaning Displays and Touchscreens: Touchscreens and displays require careful cleaning, and lint-free cotton swabs can gently remove fingerprints, dust, and oil stains.

Benefits:

Excellent Absorption: Lint-free cotton swabs effectively absorb dust, oil, and dirt, leaving no fibers or particles behind.

Precise Cleaning: Their small size allows for detailed cleaning in hard-to-reach areas, making them ideal for intricate tasks.

2. Applications of Lint-Free Wipes in IT Cleaning

Lint-free wipes are high-quality materials designed for cleanroom environments, typically used for wiping down device surfaces and cleaning larger areas.

Application Scenarios:

Cleaning Displays: Lint-free wipes are ideal for cleaning computer monitors, TVs, touchscreens, and other screens, removing fingerprints, oil stains, and dust.

Cleaning External Devices: These wipes can also be used to clean the surface of external devices like keyboards, mice, and printers, preventing dust and stains from affecting performance.

Cleaning Casings and Surfaces: Lint-free wipes quickly remove dust and oil from casings, laptop shells, and server exteriors, keeping devices looking clean and free from contaminants.

Benefits:

Low Particle Release: Lint-free wipes are designed to prevent shedding of dust or fibers, reducing contamination risks.

Soft and Surface-Safe: These wipes are gentle on sensitive surfaces, preventing scratches or damage to the equipment.

3. Applications of Lint-Free Gloves in IT Cleaning

Wearing lint-free gloves during IT cleaning is crucial, especially when handling small components, precision devices, or high-end electronics.

Application Scenarios:

Handling Computer Hardware: When replacing hardware such as hard drives, graphics cards, or memory modules, lint-free gloves prevent oils, sweat, dust, and other contaminants from transferring to the device.

Assembling or Repairing Computers: Lint-free gloves are essential during computer assembly or repairs to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) that could damage electronic components.

Handling Precision Equipment: Lint-free gloves protect sensitive components like sensors or optical devices from contamination by dirt or oil.

Benefits:

Prevent Contamination: Lint-free gloves help keep oils, dirt, and microorganisms from coming into contact with sensitive IT equipment.

ESD Protection: Many lint-free gloves come with anti-static properties, protecting IT devices from static discharge damage.

Comfortable Wear: The powder-free design ensures no residue or dust is left behind, making them comfortable for prolonged use.

4. Integrated Use: The Combined Role of Lint-Free Cotton Swabs, Wipes, and Gloves in IT Cleaning

In comprehensive IT cleaning, lint-free cotton swabs, lint-free wipes, and lint-free gloves work together to achieve the best results:

Step 1: Wear Lint-Free Gloves: Start by wearing lint-free gloves to prevent contamination from your hands—oil, sweat, or dust—during the cleaning process.

Step 2: Use Lint-Free Wipes for Larger Surface Areas: Clean large areas, such as screens and external device casings, with lint-free wipes to remove dust and stains quickly.

Step 3: Use Lint-Free Cotton Swabs for Small Components: Use cotton swabs to clean connectors, ports, circuit boards, or other small components to ensure no contaminants are left in hard-to-reach areas.

[easyshoppi-blog]

How to Build a Gaming Computer

Building a gaming computer is a rewarding and enjoyable experience that offers the dual benefits of customization and cost savings. Whether you're a seasoned gamer or a tech enthusiast, assembling your own PC can be an exciting project. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you build a gaming computer.

1. Determine Your Budget and Needs

Before you begin, it's essential to establish a budget. Gaming computers can range from a few hundred ruppe to several thousand. Consider what games you'll be playing and at what settings. For example, if you plan on playing the latest AAA titles at ultra settings and high resolutions, you'll need to invest more in a powerful graphics card and processor.

2. Choose Your Components

Each component of your gaming PC plays a crucial role. Here’s a rundown of what you'll need:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the brain of your computer. For gaming, a mid to high-end CPU from Intel or AMD is recommended. Popular choices include the Intel Core i5/i7/i9 and AMD Ryzen 5/7/9 series.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The GPU is the most critical component for gaming performance. NVIDIA and AMD are the leading manufacturers. Consider a current-generation GPU like the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 30 series or AMD Radeon RX 6000 series for optimal performance.

Motherboard: The motherboard should be compatible with your CPU and GPU. It’s the main circuit board that connects all components. Ensure it has enough slots and ports for future upgrades.

Memory (RAM): At least 16GB of RAM is recommended for modern gaming. RAM affects your system's ability to run games smoothly and handle multitasking.

Storage: Solid State Drives (SSDs) are much faster than Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). A combination of an SSD for your operating system and games, and an HDD for additional storage, is ideal.

Power Supply Unit (PSU): A reliable PSU ensures that your components receive a stable power supply. A unit with an 80 Plus rating and sufficient wattage for your build is recommended.

Case: The case houses all your components. Choose one with good airflow and enough space for your parts and future upgrades.

Cooling System: Proper cooling is crucial to prevent overheating. This can be achieved through air cooling (fans) or liquid cooling systems.

Peripherals: Don’t forget a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and headset. A gaming monitor with a high refresh rate and low response time can enhance your gaming experience.

Building a gaming computer is a fulfilling endeavor that allows for complete control over your gaming setup. With careful planning and attention to detail, you can create a system that meets your gaming needs and provides a platform for future upgrades. Happy gaming!

[simarazauberhandwriting]

Working on Sophias Story again :D

-> A little later, Sophia reached maintenance shaft [xy], where the main security system of the SD of the Abyss Chrusher was located. The light activated by a motion sensor flared up in cold white with a delay of a few seconds. Neon Xilkor tubes of the NX-6 series had this somewhat unpleasant habit, which the manufacturer Asterisk never rectified. Despite this, Hallinger-FTL continued to install them in all maintenance rooms of their ship series to this day. The Davar class in particular suffered from this fact, as it had a higher number of such areas due to its modular design. As a result, Sophia had only been able to recognise the large control cabinets and component racks by the myriad of flashing LEDs when she arrived. This sea of red, orange and green diodes, which greeted her auspiciously from the steel racks, secretly watched over the entire crew and ensured that the safety units of the individual SERAHs were working.

Now that the white light flooded the room, she saw it in its entirety, and with it the technology inside. In contrast to the blinking confusion of the Sevix control racks on the right side of the room, the Servagul control cabinets on her left, unusual for a Davar-class ship, emitted a soft green glow. The reason for this was that Servagul built light panels into the doors of their products, which no self-respecting shipbuilder needed. Such nice lighting did nothing but waste power unnecessarily. Sure, ships like the Abyss Chrusher might not lack power, but that was no reason to be so wasteful.

Shrugging her shoulders, the engineer lifted her tool and the testing device before taking them to the control cabinet labelled SUR-2, where she set them down. She unlocked the door with her CAM and the handle whirred out, allowing her to open the cabinet. Sophia sighed, pulled open the cupboard door and, coloured by the light from the front panel, saw another flood of flashing or glowing diodes emanating from the security register cards. It was a sight that filled the engineer with joy, because she had hardly been able to wait to get back into the bowels of the Abyss Chrusher, but the work that was to follow was rather dull. So she plugged her headphones into her CAM, put them in her ears and switched on an album by a band Liv had shown her a few days ago. A harsh guitar riff accompanied by the vocals of a woman singing in the language of the Marlan system rang out.

She then began checking the security tabs, which initially consisted of informing the SD-SERAH of her work via the control panel in the top frame of the device. In fact, Sophia was only slightly keen on an emergency lockout of the SD, even if she could override it with her system authorisations. Basically, you had to give Servagul and Sevix credit for the cleverness of their products. After all, the automatic security system, which according to Ela - unfortunately there were no plans on this subject - summarised one subsystem of the drive per cabinet in order to pass them on to SERAH in a bundle.

You could imagine the tabs and their subsystems as the nervous system of a body, which transmitted every pain of the machines to the consciousness or to an AI. SERAH then reported the information to the Abyss Chrusher's SAM, the ship's main AI, which ensured that appropriate action was taken. What the SERAH was to the SD, the SAM was to the entire ship.

Sophia pulled a small screwdriver from the side pocket on her left arm. She used it to loosen the two neck screws on the top and bottom of the front panel of each of the seven assemblies. She was then able to pull them out by the handle to insert them into the test device. This established a serial, wired connection with the fuse register in order to then interrogate the main function of the unit on the two circuit boards of the modules. For this purpose, the test device simulated a fault by sending a specific signal sequence via the bus interface. The module processed this within a few femtoseconds and signalled an alarm back to the test device. At least that's how it worked when everything was OK. The process only took a few blinks of the eye until the technical measurement results - such as resistance, time and induction values - appeared on the display of the test device. Confirmation of the success or failure of the analysis could then also be obtained.<-

The story of the empty sky - 1 Dreams of electronic tears Chapter 10, A fairy tale of normality

[howboutsometoast]

You know it’s going to be an interesting day at work when you get a report that reads, “technician ‘frisbeed’ circuit card assembly, resulting in suspected damage.”

Yeah, I’d assume so, guys.

[circuitcardassembly]

What Defines Quality in Circuit Card Assembly? How is PCB Board Assembly Executed for Reliability?

Circuit Card Assembly (CCA) is a basic prepare in the electronics manufacturing industry, including the exact arrangement and soldering of electronic components onto printed circuit boards (PCBs). Quality in circuit card assembly is characterized by a few key variables counting component exactness, fastening keenness, cleanliness, testing, and adherence to industry benchmarks. These components guarantee that the conclusion item performs dependably in its designing application, whether in customer electronics, aviation, restorative electronics, or mechanical machinery.

One of the first markers of quality in circuit card Assembly is component situation exactness. Misaligned or erroneously arranged components can lead to glitches, shorts, or indeed total gadget disappointment. Computerized machines like pick-and-place frameworks are utilized to accomplish tall accuracy and consistency, altogether lessening the plausibility of human error.

Solder joint integrity is another major quality determinant. Destitute soldering can cause irregular associations or add up to detachment. Methods such as reflow fastening for surface-mount components and wave fastening for through-hole components offer assistance guarantee solid, solid joints. These forms are carefully controlled in terms of temperature and timing to avoid harm to touchy components and to guarantee appropriate wetting of solder.

Cleanliness moreover plays a significant part in circuit card assembly. Leftover flux, tidy, or other contaminants can debase execution or cause erosion over time. Subsequently, post-soldering cleaning forms are utilized, particularly for high-reliability applications, to evacuate ionic and non-ionic build-ups that might affect the board's function.

Rigorous testing procedures are crucial to keep up quality. Visual review, Automated Optical Inspection (AOI), In-Circuit Testing (ICT), and Functional Testing (FCT) are standard hones. These procedures offer assistance distinguish lost components, destitute patch joints, and useful mistakes some time recently the item comes to the client. AOI and X-ray assessment are especially valuable for confirming patch joints beneath components like BGAs (Ball Framework Clusters), which are not obvious to the exposed eye.

Adherence to industry measures, such as IPC-A-610 for worthiness of electronic congregations and ISO 9001 for quality administration frameworks, too characterizes quality in CCA. Compliance guarantees that manufacturing forms meet all inclusive recognized benchmarks for execution and reliability.

To execute PCB Board Assembly for unwavering quality, a orderly and controlled manufacturing approach is significant. This incorporates design for manufacturability (DFM), which guarantees that the PCB format minimizes manufacturing issues and maximizes abdicate. Selecting high-quality components, utilizing vigorous materials for the board substrate, and keeping up strict natural controls (like stickiness and inactive security) encourage contribute to the long-term unwavering quality of the amassed board.

In expansion, thermal management amid both manufacturing and operational utilize is basic. Heat sinks, thermal vias, and suitable PCB design diminish the hazard of heat-related disappointments. Unwavering quality testing such as warm cycling, vibration testing, and natural push screening recreate real-world conditions and offer assistance distinguish shortcomings some time recently the item is released.

In conclusion, quality in circuit card Assembly is a mix of exactness building, thorough testing, and adherence to measures. PCB board assembly, when executed with these standards, comes about in dependable, strong items able of withstanding the requests of their applications. Together, these hones frame the spine of high-performance electronics manufacturing.

[masterofrecords]

The Ravages of Time episode 3

So at the end of this card it says “excerpt from “The Records of the Three Kingdoms” – biography of Liu Bei. “The Records of the Three Kingdoms” does have a Liu Bei chapter, but it is titled “Biography of the Former Lord” (and in the translation below he will be addressed as such, according to the original source as well as the text on the card in the donghua). There is, however, a computer game titled “The Records of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Liu Bei”. As you can imagine, that made my search a little more complicated than it had to be.

“The Records of the Three Kingdoms” has never been fully translated into English, but there were plans to do so, that were regrettably discontinued. Still, William Gordon Crowell, who was working on the project, kindly made the otherwise unpublished completed parts of the translation public, along with his translator’s notes.

The donghua card presents an abridged version of the opening paragraphs of the chapter; I took the liberty to edit Dr. Crowell’s translation to fit the card text as well as for general readability or to bring them in accordance with the terminology I use in my other translations. I have omitted most of the notes except for the explanation on Liu Bei’s looks; I suppose the details on geography and personas mentioned there will be of little interest to most, but if you want to know more, I encourage you to look into the full translation – it is available for free and easily googlable.

Episode 3

From historical records on Liu Bei The Former Lord was surnamed Liu and had the given name of Bei and the courtesy name Xuande. He was a native of Zhuo prefecture in Zhuo commandery, and he was the descendant of a son of Emperor Jing of the Han, Prince Jing of Zhongshan [Liu] Sheng. The Former Lord's grandfather Xiong and his father Hong served in provincial and commandery offices. Xiong was recommended as filially pious and incorrupt, and he rose to become prefect of Fan in Dong commandery. When the Former Lord was young, he was left without a father. With his mother he wove mats to make a living. In his youth, when the Former Lord would play beneath a tree with other small children from his clan, he would say, “I must ride in this feather-covered chariot. His uncle Zijing said to him, “Don't talk so foolishly! You'll bring destruction on our house!” When he was 15, his mother sent him to study. With his clansman Liu Deran and Gongsun Zan of Liaoxi he became a disciple of the former grand administrator of Jiujiang commandery, Lu Zhi who was from the same commandery. Liu Deran's father, Yuanqi, frequently gave the Former Lord material support. Yuanqi's wife said, “Each has his own family. How can you regularly do this?” Yuanqi replied, “This boy is in our clan, and he is an extraordinary person.” The Former Lord did not enjoy studying. He liked dogs and horses, music, and dressing in fine clothing. He was 7 chi 5 cun (173 cm) tall, and his hands hung down to his knees. He was able to look back and see his own ears [1]. Humble before good people, he did not manifest his happiness or anger in his look. He enjoyed associating with braves, and in his youth he fought and hung out with them. The great merchants from Zhongshan, Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, had riches of several thousands in gold. They sold horses, and they made a circuit through Zhuo commandery. They happened to see Liu and were struck by him, so they presented him with much money and wealth. With this, the Former Lord was able to assemble a group of followers. At the end of the reign of Emperor Ling, the Yellow Turbans rose up, and every province or commandery called up righteous armies. The Former Lord led his adherents, and under Colonel Zou Jing attacked the Yellow Turban bandits with distinction. He was appointed commandant of Anxi. – excerpt from “Records of the Three Kingdoms” – Biography of Liu Bei

[1] These physical idiosyncrasies were thought perhaps to be signs that Liu Bei had been destined to be ruler. Miyakawa Hisayuki has suggested that this description of the large ears and long arms may show the influence of Buddhist iconography from the sutras that had recently arrived in China. The size of Liu's ears, at least, appears not to have been a literary invention, for Lü Bu referred to him as the “big-eared boy.” “Looking back” and being able to see his own ears perhaps means they could be seen with his peripheral vision. The “braves” were ruffians with a code of honor, albeit one at odds with officially sanctioned moral values. Generally viewed by the government as potential threats to the social order, they were often considered heroes by the populace.

And into the spoilers we go!

Shuijing villa - Shuijing means bright, can be used in the sense of a person's brilliance. Literally means "bright as a mirror". The villa here refers specifically to a mountain villa.

I'm afraid there isn't much I can say about the Liu Bei and his companions in the context of the coalition against Dong Zhuo. It is for sure known that they participated in the campaign, but that's about it. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms popularized some fictional events of it, like the 3-vs-1 fight of the trio against Lü Bu, but I'm not sure if those will be included in this donghua. Liu Bei is described as a cunning tactician though, so I can imagine the donghua scenes happening.

Still, I'll give a bit more background info on all three. Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are probably the most famous example of sworn brothers. Around the time of the Yellow Turban rebellion (more on that on another episode) they gave the famous oath in the peach garden - or at least, so the legends and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" say. The actual chronicles only mention the three were "as close as brothers", but the idea is still firmly ingrained in the collective conscious. There are even temples dedicated to the three of them - lit. called "Temples of the Three Righteous".

The above text only mentions he helped his mother make straw mats, but in the cut part shoes are also mentioned; as such, Liu Bei is sometimes worshiped as a god of shoemakers.

Largely thanks to the novel, Liu Bei is commonly regarded as an example of a benevolent and humane ruler, because of the author's preference for him. Considering that The Ravages of Time is mainly considering Sima Yi's point of view (and Liu Bei and Sima Yi will later lead rivaling kingdoms) I was actually rather surprised by the rather sympathetic portrayal of him in the donghua.

Still, while Liu Bei's political decisions and ruling philosophy can be discussed at length, there is no doubt that his choice of companions caused him trouble more than once.

Liu Bei was considered the eldest of the three brothers; the second was Guan Yu (courtesy name Yunchang). His life has been even more glorified than Liu Bei's - and since the Sui dynasty (581-618) he's been considered a deity. In fact, to this day, he is worshiped both in Buddhism and Taoism, as well as respected in other philosophies and religions, to say nothing of the Chinese folk tradition.

Still, despite this truly overwhelming veneration from pretty much all the following dynasties, the records say that despite his righteousness, he was "unrelenting and conceited", which proved to be his downfall..

Finally, the third brother was Zhang Fei (courtesy name Yide), whose main shortcomings - his quick temper and brutality - are the things he's most well-known for, and in a lot of ways he can be seen as the opposite of Guan Yu. While there are accounts of him composing poetry in the middle of the battle, it is by far overshadowed by his cruelty towards his soldiers and the fights he got into, sometimes dragging his sworn brothers into trouble as well.

(Just to complete the picture, yes, Zhang Fei is also sometimes worshiped along with Guan Yu.)

Regardless of all that, both Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were regarded as mighty warriors "worth a thousand men", as well as loyal followers of Liu Bei's.

---

Some final thoughts - it definitely feels like the story is playing up the future main players to keep the cast a little more manageable and maybe to put the more recognizable faces in early. Also the extra drama! It's definitely fun, so I'm not complaining XD

[usafphantom2]

Latest AMRAAM variant completes final test firing

July 10, 2023

The final test firing of the AIM-120D-3 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile from an F-16 Fighting Falcon took place recently on the Eglin Test and Training Range.

The final shot was one of several used to prove out the various air-to-air capabilities of the weapon on both Air Force and Navy aircraft. Over the course of the test program, the missile demonstrated the full range of its capabilities.

“Flight test of the new AIM-120D-3 demonstrated the missile’s hardware and software capability improvements,” said Col. Sean Bradley, Armament Directorate AMRAAM program manager. “I’m excited for our warfighters to have this newest variant of the AIM-120 missile in their arsenal.”

The AIM-120D-3 is the latest AMRAAM variant. The missile’s design updates circuit card assemblies to address obsolescence under the Form, Fit, Function, Refresh program.

Completion of the live-fire event required close coordination between Team Eglin units and contractor personnel to ensure the aircraft, missile, airborne targets, and Eglin range safety and data collection systems were ready.

“The efforts of the combined test team led to the successful completion of test for one of the DoD’s most advanced air-to-air missiles,” said Maj. Brian Davis, 28th Test and Evaluation Squadron Air Dominance division chief. “Time and again this team demonstrated the benefit of live-fire testing and the strength platform integration brings to weapons testing in an operationally relevant environment.”

[rametarin]

This underlines an important difference that architecture and software/firmware can make.

We'll start seeing a better return on investment in terms of computing power for watt consumed within the next 30 years, as optoelectronic components start replacing conventional electronics. Light based transistors consume less energy and produce less wasted energy in the form of heat, with faster and more efficient movement to process faster. This translates into absurdly energy sipping computers that will make today's personal PCs look like old timey factories run with coal smokestacks and burning environmental and worker safety regulations.

Then imagine these optoelectronic transistors getting the double whammy of neural net circuits to function in, and assembly level programs with which to run on them, maximizing their architectural real estate for results. The amount of infrastructure required for them absolutely will, inevitably, shrink down as compact as the personal computer did from the gymnasium sized mainframes of yore made of vacuum tubes and government grants. And these specialized AI networks of today being replicable and insertable into a personal PC, as we do graphics cards today.

The most interesting part will be seeing how the AI that combines and consolidates the sum total of human knowledge on the internet will merge and sort until it has only very few constants to keep in memory it can use to shorthand what it sees so it doesn't spend all its time duplicating files for redundant amounts of memory and hard drive space retention. Similar to the way you don't need to memorize the individual way every word in the dictionary is written, you just need to memorize the 26 Latin letters of the alphabet to form over hundreds of thousands of unique words. Exactly what fundamental constants of art and photography it keeps for shorthand because it saves energy or space in order to efficiently reproduce enough images uploaded to the internet to be worth it, will be a very interesting thing to know.

[morepcb1]

Quickturn PCB Assembly: How to Build and Mount Your First Circuit Card Efficiently

In today’s fast-paced electronics market, turning a prototype idea into a working product quickly can mean the difference between leading innovation or falling behind. That’s where quickturn PCB assembly plays a vital role allowing developers to create and test functional circuit card assy units in record time. If you're new to this process, understanding how to efficiently build and mount your first circuit card is key to a successful hardware project.

circuit card assy