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pictures from today! not really proud of these, but maybe someone would like them? taken on a samsung S9+ (phone) using the raw picture output from "pro photo" mode extra note: some of these are edited a bit so the colours werent as strong or to make the image less bright.
#photgoraphy#photography#my photgraphy#foliage#nature#flower#flowers#greenery#naturecore#nature aesthetic#leafs#leaf#trees#sky#4k#4k resolution#hi-res#hi res#high resolution#high-resolution#phone photography
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40+ High-Resolution Packs of Free Textures for Designers — Speckyboy
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/40-high-resolution-packs-of-free-textures-for-designers-speckyboy/
40+ High-Resolution Packs of Free Textures for Designers — Speckyboy
The number of options, directions, and aesthetic approaches you can take from simply adding a texture to your work is mind-boggling. Of course, not every design, photo, or video benefits from even the most subtle of textures, but you might be surprised at how a high-resolution texture can bring a design to life.
Knowing when to use a texture and which texture to use comes down to the flow of the design and the priority of information on the page. It is a good idea to keep certain textures in mind while working on a project, but don’t finalize them until you’ve seen the design as a whole.
Texture selection can be an involved and time-consuming process. Firstly, you have to search for that particular texture your design needs, and secondly, you have to test and tweak it to discover the one that actually works.
It is that search process we aim to help you with. We have a huge selection of free high-resolution textures for you today that are just shouting out for use in your next project.
Free Paper Textures
10 Ripped Paper Texture Set
Designed by TuomoDesign, in PNG Format
5 Glued Paper Textures
Designed by Indie Ground, in JPG Format
16 Free Vintage Paper Textures
Designed by Nassy Art, in JPG Format
10 Free Marble Paper Textures
Designed by Nastia Smiyan, in JPG Format
Free Dirt & Grit Textures
18 Free Grit Textures
Designed by Diego Arriagada, in PNG Format
Vintage Grit Textures
In AI, EPS & PNG Formats
10 Free Dust & Dirt Overlay Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in JPG Format
Free Vintage & Retro Textures
8 Free Vintage Textures
Designed by Flash Graphics, in AI & EPS Formats
10 Vintage Halftone Textures
In EPS & PNG Formats
10 Vintage Noise Animated Textures
Designed by Diego Darriagada, in AE Format
12 Film Dust Vintage Grunge Textures
Designed by MiksKS, in JPG Format
24 Authentic 1930s Vintage Postcard Textures
Designed by Spoon Graphics, in JPG Format
Free Grunge Textures
24 Free Grunge Textures
Designed by LTC Shop, in PNG Format
10 Free Digital Grunge Textures
Designed by Pale Supply, in EPS & PNG Formats
5 Subtle Grunge Vectors
Designed by Liam McKay, in PNG, EPS, SVG, AI & JPG Formats
10 Free White Subtle Grunge Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in JPG Format
Free Grain & Noise Textures
20 Subtle Grain Textures
Designed by Bart Wesolek, in JPG & PNG Formats
10 Film Grain Textures
Designed by Arkadzi Ulitski, in JPG Format
5 Photocopy Noise Textures
Designed by Indieground Design, in JPG & PSD Formats
Free Abstract & Fractal Textures
10 Vivid Gradient Abstract Textures
Designed by Unio Creative Solutions, in AI & PNG Formats
8 Free Ethnic Abstract Textures
Designed by Creative Veila, in PNG Format
8 Free Abstract Watercolor Textures
Designed by Creative Veila, in PNG & JPG Formats
5 Holographic Textures
Designed by Indieground Design, in JPG Format
18 High-Resolution Fractal Textures
Designed by Elliot Pessah, in JPG Format
Free Stone & Concrete Textures
20 Stone Wall Textures
In Photoshop PSD Format
Vector Concrete Texture Pack
Designed by Phil Goodwin, in PNG & EPS Formats
5 High-Resolution Brick & Tile Textures
Designed by Michael Hylton, in JPG Format
10 Old Wall Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in JPG Format
10 Marble Textures
In EPS & PNG Formats
10 Free Concrete Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in JPG Format
Free Metallic Textures
9 High-Resolution Metal Surface Textures
Designed by Orman Clark, in JPG Format
Free Paint & Graffiti Textures
Free Artistic Paint Textures
Designed by Deezy, in JPG Format
14 High-Resolution Graffiti Textures
Designed by Orman Clark, in JPG Format
16 Free Sprayed Vector Texture
Designed by Texture Fabrik, in EPS & PNG Formats
Free Wood Textures
5 Free High-Resolution Wood Textures
Designed by Isaac Gube, in JPG Format
12 Organic Textures
In PSD & AI Formats
20 Organic Vector Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in PSD Format
10 Free Withered Wood Textures
Designed by GraphicsFuel, in JPG Format
Free Wood & Paint Textures
Designed by Eilert Janen, in JPG & PNG Formats
Free Fabric Textures
9 High-Resolution Fabric Texture Pack
Designed by Orman Clark, in JPG Format
25 Denim Textures
Designed by Bart Wesolek, in PNG & EPS Formats
6 Free High-Resolution Fabric Textures
Designed by Design Instruct , in JPG Format
Free Black & White Textures
Black & White Seamless Textures
Designed by Timxez, in JPG Format
Free Miscellaneous Textures
100 Fire & Flame 4K Textures
Designed by Hyperpix, in JPG Format
Seamless Vector Textures
Designed by Timxez, in EPS & PNG Formats
10 Chalk Textures
In AI, EPS & PNG Formats
7 Plastic Textures
Designed by Alessandro Silva, in JPG Format
Textures in Your Workflow
Once you’ve found the perfect textures, integrating them is a straightforward process. Most photo and video applications allows you to overlay textures onto your artwork. You can then adjust their opacity and blending modes to achieve the desired effect.
Remember to consider the context of your project when choosing textures. Whether you’re creating a vintage poster, a modern website, or an artistic masterpiece, textures can be your trusty companions on the creative journey.
By understanding the role of textures and experimenting with their application, you can breathe life into your work and engage your audience on a whole new level.
While it is true that you can use very subtle, unobtrusive textures, you should also keep in mind that some textures can draw the eye more than just a solid color. This means that it’s best practice to use textures that create contrast and highlight areas of the page that are important.
More Free Texture Packs
250+ Free Realistic Wood Textures for Designers A collection of the best free high-resolution, realistic wood texture packs for you. Bark, wood grain, old wood, weathered, and many more.
Free Vintage, Antique & Retro Texture Packs Collections the best free high-quality vintage, antique, and retro texture packs. Paper, grainy, grungy, and many more textures.
Related Topics
#250#4K#ai#amp#applications#Art#Collections#Color#concrete#course#Design#designers#Digital Art#dust#eye#film#flash#Free Templates#Free Textures#graphics#Halftone Effect#High-Resolution#holographic#how#it#life#metal#mind#noise#One
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Aerial View Of Turquoise Waters And Sandy Beaches
Get it now from here
#wall art#wallpaper#wall painting#wall paper#aerial view#turquoise waters#red sand dunes#surreal landscape#abstract nature photography#desert and ocean contrast#natural patterns#vibrant earth textures#travel destination#exotic environment#drone landscape shot#nature from above#scenic earth textures#high-resolution#aerial photo#colorful geography.
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Transparent PNGs for flawless integration in designs

https://www.etsy.com/listing/1587126195/60-3d-christmas-mug-wrap-christmas
Enhance your branding with high-resolution transparent PNG files. These versatile PNG assets are perfect for logos, websites, and marketing materials, delivering exceptional clarity.
#PNG#transparent#graphics#high-resolution#design#branding#marketing#web design#digital content#logo design
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Read our detailed review of the Kindle Paperwhite. Enjoy a high-resolution display, waterproof design, and long battery life that make reading a delight anywhere.

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GoPro HERO13 Black: Ultimate 5.3K Action Camera
Gadgets and Home Essentials may earn a commission. You incur no extra cost when you buy through links on our site. I’m a big fan of outdoor activities and was excited for the GoPro HERO13 Black. It has amazing features that make it perfect for capturing my adventures. It’s the top choice for anyone who loves to explore. The HERO13 Black can record 5.3K video at 60 frames per second. It also…
#27MP Photos#5.3K Video#Action Camera#Adventure Photography#Extreme Sports#GoPro HERO13 Black#High-Resolution#Outdoor Filming#Video Recording#Waterproof
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Explore the unique beauty of our 'Ferocious Werewolf Tumbler Wrap, Halloween Tumbler Design, 20oz High-Resolution Werewolf Sublimation, Horror Tumbler PNG Digital Download' available now at JustTumblerDesigns. This design is perfect for anyone who wants to stand out with a custom tumbler that reflects their personal style. Whether you're gifting a loved one or treating yourself, this design is sure to turn heads! Each tumbler wrap is created with attention to detail and quality, ensuring that your purchase brings joy for years to come. Check out more unique designs like this in our shop and find the perfect one for you!
#Ferocious#Werewolf#Tumbler#Wrap#Halloween#Design#20oz#High-Resolution#Sublimation#Horror#PNG#Digital#Download
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Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: 2nd September 2024 Welcome to another episode of Astronomy Daily from Downunder. It's Steve here, bringing you the latest space and astronomy news on this second day of spring and September 2024. We've got a mixed bag of stories for you this week, from China's high-resolution map of Mars to SpaceX's Falcon 9 mishap, and much more. Let's dive right in! Highlights: - SpaceX Falcon 9 Mishap: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has cleared SpaceX to restart its Falcon 9 launches following an investigation into a rare mishap during a first stage booster landing. The booster tipped over and exploded while attempting to land on a droneship off the Florida coast. Despite the mishap, the mission successfully delivered 21 Starlink Internet satellites into orbit. This incident ended a streak of over three years of successful booster landings. - NASA's Solar Sail Deployment: NASA's advanced composite solar sail system has successfully deployed in space. Launched on Rocket Lab's Electron vehicle, the solar sail reached full deployment on August 29. This innovative technology uses sunlight to guide its path through space and will be tested for maneuverability in the coming weeks. The data gathered will help design future solar sail missions for space weather monitoring, asteroid reconnaissance, and more. - Europa Clipper's Solar Arrays: NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft has been fitted with gigantic solar arrays at the Kennedy Space Center. These arrays, each measuring 14.2 meters in length, are the largest ever developed by NASA for a planetary mission. They will help power the spacecraft as it investigates Jupiter's icy moon Europa, aiming to determine if its subsurface ocean could support life. The spacecraft is scheduled to launch on October 10 and will arrive at Jupiter in 2030. - China's High-Resolution Mars Map: China's Tianwen-1 mission has created the first high-resolution global color map of Mars. Developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, this map has a spatial resolution greater than 1 km and could support future crewed missions to Mars. The map was created using countless remote sensing images acquired by the Tianwen-1 orbiter. - Boeing's Starliner Return: NASA has announced that Boeing's Starliner capsule will depart the International Space Station no earlier than September 6. The capsule, which has faced multiple delays and technical issues, will return to Earth uncrewed. Astronauts Sonny Williams and Butch Wilmore, who were originally scheduled to return on Starliner, will now come back aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule in February next year. - DART Mission Debris: Debris from NASA's DART mission, which tested a kinetic impact to nudge an asteroid, could potentially reach Earth and Mars. While it's unlikely we'll see a meteor shower on Earth, the debris could result in meteors on Mars. The DART mission successfully shortened the orbit of the asteroid Dimorphos around its parent asteroid Didymos. For more space news, be sure to visit our website at astronomydaily.io. There you can sign up for our free Daily newsletter, read insightful blog posts, and catch up on all the latest space and astronomy news with our constantly updating newsfeed. Don't forget to listen to all our previous episodes as well. You can also follow us on social media. Just search for AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, and TikTok to stay connected with our community and never miss an update. Until next time, keep looking up. Sponsor Links: NordPass NordVPN Malwarebytes Proton Mail (for when you're ready to ditch gmail, outlook etc for a truly secure and private email...we did) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support.
#9#astronomy#clipper#europa#falcon#high-resolution#international#map#mars#mishap#mission#nasa#return#sail#solar#space#spacex#starliner#station#tianwen-1
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Kayhan Audio Car Stereo with SatNav for the Nissan 370Z High | V6 | 12.1″ Inch is a cutting-edge multimedia system designed to enhance your driving experience. Featuring a large 12.1-inch high-resolution display, this stereo integrates advanced navigation with a user-friendly interface, allowing for seamless access to maps, music, and more. Its high-performance audio components ensure superior sound quality, while the intuitive controls and sleek design blend perfectly with the interior of your Nissan 370Z. Website:
https://kayhanaudio.com.au/product/car-stereo-with-satnav-for-nissan-370-high-12-1-inch/
#satnav#car stereo#smartphone integration#gps navigation#kayhan audio#Nissan 370z#12.1 Inch Display#High-Resolution#Navigation System#Multimedia System#Automotive Audio#V6 Model#High-Performance Sound#Touchscreen Interface#Integrated Navigation#Premium Car Stereo
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some photos i took this morning again :3 (some photos are edited versions of the "raw" output from the 'pro mode' on my camera app, which explains the graininess if you can see it! I thought they looked better. :D)
taken on a Samsung S9+ (phone)
#photography#photgoraphy#foliage#my photgraphy#nature#leafs#leaf#water drops#water drop#droplets#droplets of water#dropplets of water#drops of water#flowers#flower#floral#naturecore#nature aesthetic#rose#hi-res#high res#high resolution#hi res#4k#grass#greenery#4k resolution#high-resolution#phone photography#samsung
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50 Free High-Resolution Texture Packs for Designers
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/50-free-high-resolution-texture-packs-for-designers/
50 Free High-Resolution Texture Packs for Designers
The number of options, directions, and aesthetic approaches you can take from simply adding a texture to your work is mind-boggling. Of course, not every design, photo, or video benefits from even the most subtle of textures, but you might be surprised at how a high-resolution texture can bring a design to life.
Knowing when to use a texture and which texture to use comes down to the flow of the design and the priority of information on the page. It is a good idea to keep certain textures in mind while working on a project, but don’t finalize them until you’ve seen the design as a whole.
Texture selection can be an involved and time-consuming process. Firstly, you have to search for that particular texture your design needs, and secondly, you have to test and tweak it to discover the one that actually works.
It is that search process we aim to help you with. We have a huge selection of free high-resolution textures for you today that are just shouting out for use in your next project.
14,000+ Actions, Brushes, and Layer Styles for Photoshop
Photoshop Actions & Brushes, Lightroom Presets, Illustrator Brushes, Procreate Brushes, and much more!
What are Textures?
Textures are visual and tactile elements that can add depth and dimension to your design projects, photographs, or videos. They provide a sensory experience akin to touching a textured surface.
They can range from a concrete wall’s rough, gritty feel to a silk fabric’s soft, smooth appearance. Textures add a layer of realism, creating an engaging visual and emotional connection with your audience.
How Can Textures Enhance Your Projects?
Textures can infuse your designs with visual interest and variety, breaking up monotonous or flat surfaces. Whether working on a website, print material, digital art, or video, textures can make your work stand out.
Different textures can evoke specific emotions. For instance, a wooden texture might convey warmth and rustic charm, while a metal texture could evoke a sense of modernity and strength. Understanding these associations allows you to communicate effectively with your audience.
Textures can add depth to your work, making them more realistic and relatable. This can be particularly important for product presentations or architectural renderings.
Free Paper Textures
10 Ripped Paper Texture Set (By TuomoDesign, PNG)
5 Glued Paper Textures (By Indie Ground, JPG)
6 Free Wrinkle Paper Textures (By Deezy, JPG)
16 Free Vintage Paper Textures (By Nassy Art, JPG)
10 Free Marble Paper Textures (By Nastia Smiyan, JPG)
Free Dirt & Grit Textures
18 Free Grit Textures (By Diego Arriagada, PNG)
Vintage Grit Textures (AI, EPS & PNG)
10 Free Dust & Dirt Overlay Textures (By GraphicsFuel, JPG)
14 Urban Textures (By Nova Design Co, JPG, PNG & EPS)
Free Vintage & Retro Textures
8 Free Vintage Textures (By Flash Graphics, AI & EPS)
10 Vintage Halftone Textures (EPS & PNG)
10 Vintage Noise Animated Textures (By Diego Darriagada, AE)
12 Film Dust Vintage Grunge Textures (By MiksKS, JPG)
24 Authentic 1930s Vintage Postcard Textures (By Spoon Graphics, JPG)
Free Grunge Textures
50 Grunge 4K Textures (By Erkan Kirdar, JPG)
24 Free Grunge Textures (By LTC Shop, PNG)
10 Free Digital Grunge Textures (By Pale Supply, EPS & PNG)
Blackview Free Vector Grunge Textures (By The Designest, PNG & EPS)
5 Subtle Grunge Vectors (By Liam McKay, PNG, EPS, SVG, AI & JPG)
10 Free White Subtle Grunge Textures (By GraphicsFuel, JPG)
Free Grain & Noise Textures
20 Subtle Grain Textures (By Bart Wesolek, JPG & PNG)
10 Film Grain Textures (By Arkadzi Ulitski, JPG)
5 Photocopy Noise Textures (By Indieground Design, JPG &PSD)
Free Abstract & Fractal Textures
10 Vivid Gradient Abstract Textures (By Unio Creative Solutions, AI & PNG)
8 Free Ethnic Abstract Textures (By Creative Veila, PNG)
8 Free Abstract Watercolor Textures (By Creative Veila, PNG & JPG)
5 Holographic Textures (By Indieground Design, JPG)
18 High-Resolution Fractal Textures (By Elliot Pessah, JPG)
Free Stone & Concrete Textures
20 Stone Wall Textures (PSD)
Vector Concrete Texture Pack (By Phil Goodwin, PNG & EPS)
5 High-Resolution Brick & Tile Textures (By Michael Hylton, JPG)
10 Old Wall Textures (By GraphicsFuel, JPG)
10 Marble Textures (EPS & PNG)
10 Free Concrete Textures (GraphicsFuel, JPG)
Free Metallic Textures
12 Free Copper Textures (By The Designest, JPG)
9 High-Resolution Metal Surface Textures (By Orman Clark, JPG)
Free Paint & Graffiti Textures
Free Artistic Paint Textures (By Deezy, JPG)
14 High-Resolution Graffiti Textures (By Orman Clark, JPG)
16 Free Sprayed Vector Texture (By Texture Fabrik, EPS & PNG)
Free Wood Textures
5 Free High-Resolution Wood Textures (By Isaac Gube, JPG)
12 Organic Textures (PSD & AI)
20 Organic Vector Textures (By GraphicsFuel, PSD)
10 Free Withered Wood Textures (By GraphicsFuel, JPG)
Free Wood & Paint Textures (By Eilert Janen, JPG & PNG)
Free Fabric Textures
9 High-Resolution Fabric Texture Pack (By Orman Clark, JPG)
25 Denim Textures (By Bart Wesolek, PNG & EPS)
6 Free High-Resolution Fabric Textures (By Design Instruct , JPG)
Free Black & White Textures
22 Textures on Black Backgrounds (By Media Militia, JPG)
Black & White Seamless Textures (By Timxez, JPG)
Free Miscellaneous Textures
100 Fire & Flame 4K Textures (By Hyperpix, JPG)
Seamless Vector Textures (By Timxez, EPS & PNG)
10 Chalk Textures (AI, EPS & PNG)
7 Plastic Textures (By Alessandro Silva, JPG)
How to Incorporate Textures into Your Workflow
Once you’ve found the textures that resonate with your project, integrating them is a straightforward process. Most photo and video software allows you to overlay textures onto your artwork. You can then adjust their opacity and blending modes to achieve the desired effect.
Remember to consider the context of your project when choosing textures. Whether you’re creating a vintage poster, a modern website, or an artistic masterpiece, textures can be your trusty companions on the creative journey.
By understanding the role of textures and experimenting with their application, you can breathe life into your work and engage your audience on a whole new level.
While it is true that you can use very subtle, unobtrusive textures, you should also keep in mind that some textures can draw the eye more than just a solid color. This means that it’s best to use textures that create contrast and highlight areas of the page that are important.
Related Topics
Top
#000#4K#ai#amp#Art#Color#concrete#course#Design#designers#dust#emotions#eye#flash#Free Templates#Free Textures#High-Resolution#holographic#how#how to#illustrator#it#life#Lightroom Presets#material#media#metal#mind#noise#One
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XGIMI Halo+ Projector - TDP Review
The XGIMI Halo+ Projector stands out in the portable projector market, offering a blend of compact design and high-quality performance. Ideal for those seeking a mobile entertainment solution, the Halo+ promises bright, vivid images and an integrated Android TV interface for seamless streaming. With its built-in battery providing up to 2.5 hours of playback, this projector is designed for…
#1080p Resolution#Android TV#Audio Quality#battery life#Bluetooth#Brightness#Built-in Battery#Compact Design#comparison#connectivity#detailed images#Durability#easy setup#entertainment#Flexibility#Gaming#Harman Kardon#HDMI#High Brightness#High Performance#high-resolution#home entertainment#image quality#Indoor Use#Innovative Design#Lightweight#Mobile Projector#Movie Nights#Outdoor Use#performance
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High-quality transparent PNGs for professional graphic design

Get the best of both worlds with our versatile PNG assets, created for seamless design workflows. Whether you're working on e-commerce, branding, or digital art, our high-quality PNG files deliver sharp, detailed, and eye-catching results. Explore our collection now and enhance your projects!
#PNG#transparent#graphics#high-resolution#design#branding#marketing#web design#digital content#logo design
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IG
#legs & heels#beautiful model#feminine beauty#smiling#strappy heels#extra high resolution#2048 x 3072#kirstydreaming
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Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Introduction
The entire discussion on Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles consists of one major point – will the vehicle’s brain (i.e., the computer) be able to make decisions just like a human brain does?
Now whether or not a computer can make these decisions is an altogether different topic, but it is just as important for an automotive company working on self-driving technology to provide the computer with the necessary and sufficient data to make decisions.
This is where sensors, and in particular, their integration with the computing system comes into the picture.
Types of Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles:
There are three main types of Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles used to map the environment around an autonomous vehicle – vision-based (cameras), radio-based (radar), and light/laser-based (LiDAR).
These three types of Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles have been explained below in brief:
Cameras
High-resolution video cameras can be installed in multiple locations around the vehicle’s body to gain a 360° view of the surroundings of the vehicle. They capture images and provide the data required to identify different objects such as traffic lights, pedestrians, and other cars on the road.
Source: How Does a Self-Driving Car See? | NVIDIA Blog
The biggest advantage of using data from high-resolution cameras is that objects can be accurately identified and this is used to map 3D images of the vehicle’s surroundings. However, these cameras don’t perform as accurately in poor weather conditions such as nighttime or heavy rain/fog.
Types of vision-based sensors used:
Monocular vision sensor
Monocular vision Sensors in Autonomous vehicles make use of a single camera to help detect pedestrians and vehicles on the road. This system relies heavily on object classification, meaning it will detect classified objects only. These systems can be trained to detect and classify objects through millions of miles of simulated driving.
When it classifies an object, it compares the size of this object with the objects it has stored in memory. For example, let’s say that the system has classified a certain object as a truck.
If the system knows how big a truck appears in an image at a specific distance, it can compare the size of the new truck and calculate the distance accordingly.
A test scene with detected classified (blue bounding box) and unclassified objects (red bounding box). Source: https://www.foresightauto.com/stereo-vs-mono/
But if the system encounters an object which it is unable to classify, that object will go undetected. This is a major concern for autonomous system developers.
Stereo vision sensor
A stereo vision system consists of a dual-camera setup, which helps in accurately measuring the distance to a detected object even if it doesn’t recognize what the object is.
Since the system has two distinct lenses, it functions as a human eye and helps perceive the depth of a certain object.
Since both lenses capture slightly different images, the system can calculate the distance between the object and the camera based on triangulation.
Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Source: https://sites.tufts.edu/eeseniordesignhandbook/files/2019/05/David_Lackner_Tech_Note_V2.0.pdf
Radar Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Radar Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles make use of radio waves to read the environment and get an accurate reading of an object’s size, angle, and velocity.
A transmitter inside the sensor sends out radio waves and based on the time these waves take to get reflected back to the sensor, the sensor will calculate the size and velocity of the object as well as its distance from the host vehicle.
Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Source: https://riversonicsolutions.com/self-driving-cars-expert-witness-physics-drives-the-technology/
Radar sensors have been used previously in weather forecasting as well as ocean navigation. The reason for this is that it performs quite consistently across a varying set of weather conditions, thus proving to be better than vision-based sensors.
However, they are not always accurate when it comes to identifying a specific object and classifying it (which is an important step in making decisions for a self-driving car).
RADAR sensors can be classified based on their operating distance ranges:
Short Range Radar (SRR): (0.2 to 30m) – The major advantage of short-range radar sensors is to provide high resolution to the images being detected. This is of utmost importance, as a pedestrian standing in front of a larger object may not be properly detected in low resolutions.
Medium Range Radar (MRR): 30 to 80m
Long-Range Radar (LRR): (80m to more than 200m) – These sensors are most useful for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and highway Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) systems.
LiDAR sensors
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) offers some positives over vision-based and radar sensors. It transmits thousands of high-speed laser light waves, which when reflected, give a much more accurate sense of a vehicle’s size, distance from the host vehicle, and its other features.
Many pulses create distinct point clouds (a set of points in 3D space), which means a LiDAR sensor will give a three-dimensional view of a certain object as well.
Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Source: How LiDAR Fits Into the Future of Autonomous Driving
LiDAR sensors often detect small objects with high precision, thus improving the accuracy of object identification. Moreover, LiDAR sensors can be configured to give a 360° view of the objects around the vehicle as well, thus reducing the requirement for multiple sensors of the same type.
The drawback, however, is that LiDAR sensors have a complex design and architecture, which means that integrating a LiDAR sensor into a vehicle can increase manufacturing costs multifold.
Moreover, these sensors need high computing power, which makes them difficult to be integrated into a compact design.
Most LiDAR sensors use a 905 nm wavelength, which can provide accurate data up to 200 m in a restricted field of view. Some companies are also working on 1550 nm LiDAR sensors, which will have even better accuracy over a longer range.
Ultrasonic Sensors
Ultrasonic Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles are mostly used in low-speed applications in automobiles.
Most parking assist systems have ultrasonic sensors, as they provide an accurate reading of the distance between an obstacle and the car, irrespective of the size and shape of the obstacle.
The ultrasonic sensor consists of a transmitter-receiver setup. The transmitter sends ultrasonic sound waves and based on the time period between transmission of the wave and its reception, the distance to the obstacle is calculated.
Sensors in Autonomous Vehicles
Source: Ultrasonic Sensor working applications and advantages
The detection range of ultrasonic sensors ranges from a few centimetres to 5m, with an exact measurement of distance.
They can also detect objects at a very small distance from the vehicle, which can be extremely helpful while parking your vehicle.
Ultrasonic sensors can also be used to detect conditions around the vehicle and help with V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) connectivity.
Sensor data from thousands of such connected vehicles can help in building algorithms for autonomous vehicles and offers reference data for several scenarios, conditions and locations.
Challenges in handling sensors
The main challenge in handling sensors is to get an accurate reading from the sensor while filtering out the noise. Noise means the additional vibrations or abnormalities in a signal, which may reduce the accuracy and precision of the signal.
It is important to tell the system which part of the signal is important and which needs to be ignored. Noise filtering is a set of processes that are performed to remove the noise contained within the data.
Noise Filtering
The main cause for uncertainty being generated through the use of individual sensors is the unwanted noise or interference in the environment.
Of course, any data picked up by any sensor in the world consists of the signal part (which we need) and the noise part (which we want to ignore). But the uncertainty lies in not understanding the degree of noise present in any data.
Normally, high-frequency noise can cause a lot of distortions in the measurements of the sensors. Since we want the signal to be as precise as possible, it is important to remove such high-frequency noise.
Noise filters are divided into linear (e.g., simple moving average) and non-linear (e.g., median) filters. The most commonly used noise filters are:
Low-pass filter – It passes signals with a frequency lower than a certain cut-off frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cut-off frequency.
High-pass filter – It passes signals with a frequency higher than a certain cut-off frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the cut-off frequency.
Other common filters include Kalman filter, Recursive Least Square (RLS), Least Mean Square Error (LMS).
Autonomous Vehicle Feature Development at Dorle Controls
At Dorle Controls, we strive to provide bespoke software development and integration solutions for autonomous vehicles as well.
This includes individual need-based application software development as well as developing the entire software stack for an autonomous vehicle. Write to [email protected] to know more about our capabilities in this domain.
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