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lilydalexf · 3 years

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Old School X is a project interviewing X-Files fanfic authors who were posting fic during the original run of the show. New interviews are posted every Tuesday.

Interview with Sarah Ellen Parsons

Sarah Ellen Parsons has 18 X-Files stories at Gossamer and 19 at AO3. If you want high quality fic with interesting characters, go read her stories. Some of my favorites of her fics are The Crouching Thing and My Constant Touchstone Who Makes Me A Whole Person (which are two very different stories!). Big thanks to Sarah Ellen for doing this interview.

Does it surprise you that people are still interested in reading your X-Files fanfics and others that were posted during the original run of the show (1993-2002)?

With today's binge-watching culture, I'm not at all surprised. You can watch a bunch of eps and then seek out fic that is where you are in the series.

What do you think of when you think about your X-Files fandom experience? What did you take away from it?

I took away a writer's group Yes, Virginia, that is still together. Mostly as friends, but whenever I write something, or someone else writes something, it's the first place we all run for machete beta. I have betad SO MANY novels.

We have a number of folks who are published writers since then and our time in X-Files fic brought us lifelong friendships IRL and made us all better at our craft. The majority of those folks were better writers than I am. And I make my living as a writer in my day-job.

Social media didn't really exist during the show's original run. How were you most involved with the X-Files online (atxc, message board, email mailing list, etc.)?

I belonged to a couple of the largest lists and posted there and bitched about the show on usenet with everyone else. We had our own Yahoo group for beta. We all had crappy GeoCities websites that we programmed the HTML for ourselves and hooked through various fandom link circles to get traffic to our stories. But the main method of distribution was the lists.

Fun fact, I found a free page counter thing that I used at work one time through fandom. So fandom pays off in skillz.

Even without social media, we managed to get our stories in front of readers who would enjoy them. Where there's a will, there's always someone ready to step up and find a way.

What did you take away from your experience with X-Files fic or with the fandom in general?

Again, I have lifelong friends IRL that I got solely from fanfiction. That's the best takeaway.

Fandom disappointed me because it, like everything else, is ruined by people's egos, backstabbing, and petty people who get in positions of power and then use those positions to punch down or dictate. I was young when I was writing X-Files and I still had hope that people would rise to their better natures, so I got involved in various futile efforts to try to make people behave the way I wanted them to behave, I guess. I did a lot of public bitching that didn't serve me or my friends well. I now put that effort into politics, where it does actual good.

What was it that got you hooked on the X-Files as a show?

X-files was made for me. It combined science fiction, mystery, horror. I love all of those genres. Plus there was Scully. No matter how sexist that writer's room was, Scully was awesome. But you kept seeing bad writing. Even in the heyday seasons, like Season 3, there were really terrible eps that made you want to fix things.

I'm a lifelong speculative fiction fan and a published feminist science fiction author. I actually was published before I fell down the fic hole. I got involved in fanfic due to getting my fantasy novel turned down from every major publisher for being "too dark". And I needed to get readers to see my stuff to prove to myself that I wasn't terrible at writing. I got a ton of feedback and it was like market research to see what people wanted to read.

My time in fanfiction made me 100% a better writer than I was.

What got you involved with X-Files fanfic?

I went to the X-Files Expo to see if I could make contact with someone from Harper Collins because the tie-in novels sucked so hard. I got rejected with my pitch as I didn't have a literary agent.

Around that time, a pal who I watched X-Files with IRL was looking for a free X-files wallpaper for her work computer when she found the website where fans in Pennsylvania had fic archived. She read some and wrote to me - "you need to see this, and you can do better." So I started reading and was.... I probably CAN do better. So I wrote The Batman Plot. And made two friends I'm still friends with with that one story.

What is your relationship like now to X-Files fandom?

Nonexistent. I couldn't even watch the latest season and I saw only 2 of season one of whatever that was before I gave up. I have never watched the second movie.

X-files is my first fandom bad ex-husband. I loved it SO MUCH, but it betrayed me.

Were you involved with any fandoms after the X-Files? If so, what was it like compared to X-Files?

I was deep into Harry Potter for a while, but I didn't end up publishing anything in it. All my stories were novel-length and I was writing so much for work, I never completed anything. I called Snape/Lily when Prisoner of Azkaban was published and got Jossed by Rowling in one of my big ideas. (This is bad fandom ex-husband 2. JKR will never get a dime of money from me again because of her hateful stance on transfolk. I have RL friends who are trans and NO.)

I wrote fic in Supernatural. It was the obvious next thing after X-Files. However, the misogyny and bringing in all the Angel/Devil Christofascist stuff lost me. The ep where they declared all other religions other than Christianity as invalid and killed a Hindu god made me stop watching for good. I know enough Christofascists IRL that I can't tolerate it in my fiction. (Bad fandom ex-husband 3)

Who are some of your favorite fictional characters? Why?

This list is far too long to actually make. But characters I spent time writing about include: Kirk, Spock, McCoy and Co. (I wrote three unpublished Star Trek novels before I found online fandom). King Arthur and Morgan Le Fay, Sherlock Holmes (I wrote a Sherlock Holmes play after seeing "Crucifer of Blood" and entered it in a national competition, where I got very nice comments back.), Mulder, Scully and Krycek, Rowling's Hermione and Snape (like him or not, its masterful characterization), Dean and Sam Winchester, John Winchester and Bobby Singer. I wrote one comedy story starring Spike from Buffy the Vampire Slayer. A couple of Roswell stories under a different name. Catwoman and Batman. I have some unpublished Avengers fanfic lying around as I'm an OG Marvel fan with a massive comic collection.

Do you ever still watch The X-Files or think about Mulder and Scully?

I was on a business trip a few years ago and FX had a marathon and I watched part of it when I was in my hotel room. Early seasons are comforting, but I don't go back there now.

Do you ever still read X-Files fic? Fic in another fandom?

I don't read X-Files fic anymore. I read a tiny bit of Star Wars after the second movie because Rian Johnson had it right. Now I don't care. I love Mandalorian, but am content to watch.

Do you have any favorite X-Files fanfic stories or authors?

Too many to count. All of YV. Which reminds me, I need to go update our entry at Fanlore. I promised Punk I'd do it a while back. I need to at least get everyone linked. Right now it's only Punk and Sab.

But it was a ton of us. Marasmus, Maria Nicole, Cofax, CazQ, M. Sebasky, Livia Balaban, Kelly Keil, Wen, Ropobop, Jess Mabe, JET, fialka, and a bunch of others that I can't remember their fic names any more, just their real names because I know them all IRL. I need to go back and look up their fic names and link them up there.

In addition to my little group of pals, I loved reading Mustang Sally and Rivka T, Rachel Anton - I keep trying to find her to encourage her to write romance if she's not doing it already, but no dice, Dasha K., Anjou, there were so many great ones, but their names have slipped my mind in the past 20 years.

What is your favorite of your own fics, X-Files and/or otherwise?

I'm most known for Prone, and I'm proud of that story for all kinds of reasons, but I think my very best is The Crouching Thing.

I mostly didn't publish anything I didn't think was good and hadn't been machete betaed within an inch of its life, but I'm not sure much of the angsty romance stuff holds up as well. I think it worked when the show was still ON and we were all in that emotional headspace, but probably not now.

Do you think you'll ever write another X-Files story? Or dust off and post an oldie that for whatever reason never made it online?

Funny you ask. I am currently reworking a plot idea I had for an X-Files fic into a contemporary M/M novel, which I will publish under a different pen-name. The plot is the idea I had for X-Files, the characters are very, very different other than one is uptight and the other more easy-going. But no more Mulder and Scully.

Do you still write fic now? Or other creative work?

I have been making my living as a writer for 25 years. I write the word count equivalent of 5 Tolkein novels a year, just for my day-job. I am turning back to original fiction, which is where I was before X-Files. I'm working on the M/M thing, a high fantasy thing, a low fantasy historical thing and a bunch of M/F Regency romances as I get time and energy. I publish Fantasy and SF under my real name. Romance has pen names as you don't want that getting back to your workplace, either.

SEP is fic only and here she will stay.

Where do you get ideas for stories?

I have too many ideas to count. I try to write them down when they come, so I won't forget. At least the outline of the idea. Often a scene. I've been like this my entire life. I started writing novels seriously at 15. I wrote a 500 plus page one about Morgan Le Fay during breaks in high school because "Mists of Avalon" pissed me off so bad as I'd read the original source material and that was a Wicca recruitment polemic.

What's the story behind your pen name?

Sarah Ellen was my great-grandma, Parsons was her grandma's last name.

Do your friends and family know about your fic and, if so, what have been their reactions?

Half my friends ARE fic friends. Most of my friends know as does my brother, who thinks writing for free is dumb. This is universally agreed on by non-fic friends who know. My mother still doesn't know about the fic. Just the "real" writing. I write under a pen name to keep it away from my job and my published work.

Is there a place online (tumblr, twitter, AO3, etc.) where people can find you and/or your stories now?

My X-files stuff is up on Gossamer mostly. I'm trying to get the stories all moved to AO3 for all the genres. I'm working on this now. SEP is really not a living thing anymore, but there was a time when she was more me than me.

If you want to find my "real" non-fic writing, write to me at se_parsons at yahoo dot com and I will point you at it.

And PLEASE someone, hunt down Rachel Anton and get her writing something we all can BUY. Where are my old Krycek bitches at? Do any of you know where she is? [Lilydale note: I’ve tried contacting Rachel Anton for this Old School X project but have not had luck. I would love to find her too!]

Is there anything else you'd like to share with fans of X-Files fic?

The community I loved has mostly moved on, but I think we left a legacy of solid work crafted out of our love for the show. Find a living community you love for a show you love. There are great people out there creating and get involved. It will be worth it.

(Posted by Lilydale on December 15, 2020)

#new post #old school x #xfiles fanfic #xf fanfic #xf fanfic author interviews #sarah ellen parsons

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wisdomrays · 3 years

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TAFAKKUR: Part 435

OUTER SPACE: MANKIND'S NEW FRONTIER: Part 2

C) SPACE MANUFACTURE

Although satellite communications and remote sensing are already very profitable commercial enterprises, space manufacturing is thought to have even greater commercial potential. As space is a relatively dust-free, micro gravity environment, it offers a unique laboratory setting for the development and processing of some complicated chemicals, pharmaceuticals, semi-conductor crystals, glass and metal alloys-indeed, production under micro gravity conditions is estimated to be up to 500 hundred times that possible on earth and with a degree of purity unobtainable on earth (Jericho and McCracken, 1986, p.802).The potential market sales for such products is reckoned at around $20 billion annually.

Additionally the relatively uncontaminated space environment is an ideal place for growing crystals used in computers, optoelectronics and ultrasonic equipment; for developing floride glass used in laser and fibre optic applications; and for producing new metal alloys as well as metals of higher purity and structural uniformity (ibid., p.803). In sum, the horizons for potential use of space are immeasurable.

THE ISLAMIC COUNTRIES AND SPACE ACTIVITIES

Our concern is to find out what the Muslims are doing or not doing in the face of the continued progress of the space-faring Christians (NASA, ESA), the Jews (Israel), the Buddhists (People’s Republic of China, Japan), the Hindus (India). It was declared at the beginning of the ‘space age’ that space would be a province all mankind. However, it is apparent that it is only the technologically advanced non-Muslim states who are ploughing in huge sums of money into aerospace technology and enjoying the benefits of the outer space environment. Muslims in general seem unaware of the fact that it is enjoined upon them to keep abreast of the latest science and technology and to be as equipped as the non-Muslims. For example, in Sura al-Mulk, God directs our attention to the Heavens:

‘He who created the seven one above another: you will see no want of proportion in the creation of the Most Gracious, so turn your sight again: Do you see any flaw? Again turn your vision a second time; your sight will return to you dim and discomfited, in a state worn out’ (67.3-4. See also 7.54; 13.2; 21.33; 36.40;51.7; 81.15.)

In the light of this encouragement, the Arab Muslims, from very the beginning of Islamic civilization reached the highest degree in astronomy. While the pre-Renaissance Christians thought the world flat, Muslims realized that it must be round and that it rotates on its axis. The Muslims in the Abbasid period detected many stars and constellations and gave names to them which are still used (See, for more information, Sharh al-Mawaqif and Ma‘rifatname by Ibrahim Haqqi of Erzurum; also, al-Hayat by Nur al-Din Batruji,d.1185).

Until the decline of the Ottoman Empire, Islamic scholars had been for centuries at the leading edge of study in astronomy as well as other pure and applied sciences. Even as late as the last 19th century, astronomy was an essential subject in the curriculums of the Ottoman colleges. However, some narrow-minded Muslims decried the teaching of scientific knowledge in schools and prevented Muslims from education. Their efforts were one (though not the only) reason for the relative decline of the Oriental world. This attitude degenerated further into the sinister view that any non-Muslim knowledge or equipment makes a person an unbeliever.

Vestiges of this barbarism remain to this day. To give an anecdote: I know of an imam who was recently accused by some peasants of being an unbeliever simply for informing them during a sermon delivered in their village that human beings had landed on the moon.

On the other side, Western propaganda has persistently labelled Islam as ‘backward’ and ‘unenlightened’, and imposed a feeling of inferiority among many Muslims-so that they find themselves thinking-‘The non-Muslims have walked on the moon, while we still walk barefoot on the earth.’ For over a century and a half, Muslims have been deliberately kept behind Western achievements. But the trust (amana) that God has bestowed upon mankind is most particularly the responsibility of the believers, the Muslims. Are we ready to live up to it?

God declares in the Qur’an: Before this We wrote in the Psalms, after the Message (given to Moses ): My servants, the righteous, shall inherit the earth. No one should doubt that one day this truth guaranteed by God’s oath will come true. An eminent Islamic scholar has read this verse to mean that the human stewardship will not be confined to the earth. Rather, those who become the trustees and masters of the earth will also rule over the remotest parts of the skies (Sahin, 1993). Naturally, such rule depends upon qualifications and quality. It is essential therefore that Muslims acquire the qualities demanded by the only Owner of the heavens and the earth. Even, this promise will come true to the degree that Muslims do acquire the requisite qualities (ibid.).

Are the Muslims indeed striving to get the requisite qualities? To a certain degree, yes. After the emancipation from the years of colonization, Islamic countries (particularly Indonesia, Pakistan, Iraq and Iran) began to educate their own experts in sophisticated technology. But colonization has been followed by a brain drain. Thus, it is reported that there are considerable numbers of Turkish scientists working in NASA’s space programmes.

With regard to space technology, there are incipient attempts by the Islamic countries. One such attempt is the Arab Satellite Communication Organization (ARABSAT). The Charter of the Organization was signed by twenty one Arab States in 1976. ARABSAT is intended to fulfil the aspirations of the Arabs have their own satellite system as a tool for socio-economic development of the region and for bringing about the transfer of technology. The ARABSAT space segment is composed of two satellites launched in 1985 and 1992, and located on the GSO at 19’E and 26’E respectively. But the organization does not have its own launching pads. Hence, it is dependent upon either the European Ariane or the US Space Shuttle. In addition to this, two Turkish Satellites will soon be sent to the GSO. TURKSAT project will be an important milestone in the communication of Turkic and Islamic countries.

Surely, the achievements of ARABSAT and TURKSAT are not promising in terms of scope and infrastructure. Islamic countries need to pool their scientific, technological and, more importantly, financial resources to set up an Islamic aerospace organization. Arab petro-dollars are wasted in Western banks when they could be channelled into this potentially lucrative area. The break-up of the USSR is an extremely good opportunity for the fledging Turkic Republics to collaborate with other Islamic states. The launch pads of the former Soviet Union were set up in Kazakhstan. Today the Kazakhs are waiting for customers. In the CIS, as Mikhail Osin said: ‘the pay of those who build spaceships is lower than that of a floor sweeper’ (Lemonick, 1993). The petrol-rich Arab countries could and should attract the space-engineers of Muslim states to work in the establishment of Muslim space programmes...

In conclusion, unless Muslims are prepared to face up to the necessities of the post-industrial era and to the requirements of a new century by investing their wealth on intellectual property and technology, never will the present Muslims walk on the moon, while the Christians will be left free to exploit the resources of the Universe not for the benefit of all mankind, but their own benefit at the expense of others. But, when God’s promised time due, the Crescent will surely embrace the stars.

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biglisbonnews · 8 months

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Promote public transport, electric vehicles to check pollution, Vizianagaram Collector tells officials https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/promote-public-transport-electric-vehicles-to-check-pollution-vizianagaram-collector-tells-officials/article67263341.ece

#Andhra Pradesh #Latest News #Latest News Live and Breaking News Today | The Hindu

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laceyspencer · 3 years

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Post-Modern Feminist Ideology in Nayantara Sahgul Select Novels-A Critical Study-Juniper Publishers

Introduction

The motive of feminist movement strives towards the aim that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men. Though feminism is not a relatively new concept and has always formed part of the women’s liberation movement, its emphasis has been changing, in form and content with gender equality being one of the aspects. There is no doubt that feminism is today a major accepted fact of modern life with women competing with men in all walks of life, and even doing better than them in some areas. Women’s liberation was not merely an endeavor to obtain rights and privileges but the seeking after opportunities to show that though they may be called “the second sex” (the title of Simone de Beauvoir’s book). They are generally not treated on a par with men in all respects of human activity. Whether working in the fields or operating women lag men in any sphere.

Over the years, there has been a positive change in the standpoint of feminism towards humanism. Simone de Beauvoir has set the ball rolling when she explained the relationship of feminism with humanism in a frank, concise manner. The crux and thrust of The Second Sex are based on the emphasis that women should be considered as basic human beings. To her, 2 the expression of women and their status seemed discriminatory, with them being denied the right to be identified as separate entities as such and prevented from choosing their own destiny[1].

Nayantara Sahgal is one of the great Indian women novelists writing in English. She began writing since her childhood and became a professional writer in the post-Independence years. Her novels deal with men and women, especially women struggling against oppression and injustice heaped upon them in the name of tradition and culture. Nayantara was born on May 10, 1927 to Ranjit Sitaram Pandit and Vijayalakshmi Pandit as the second of their three daughters. She lived as a child in Anand Bhavan, a large 3 aristocratic home of Motilal Nehru, a flourishing lawyer in Allahabad along with her parents and with her Marnu (uncle) Jawaharlal Nehru (later to become Prime Minister of India) and her cousin Indira Gandhi (she also became the Prime Minister, after Nehru). Nayantara’s father Ranjit Pandit was a Maharashtrian, a lawyer by profession, erudite, and a scholar, well versed in many languages including Sanskrit. He was a man of abundant love and understanding with a healthy zest for life, indulgent toward his child Nayantara.

He gave up his lucrative profession answering the call of Mahatma Gandhi and entered whole heartedly in the non-cooperative movement against the British regime. He inculcated the literary fervour and noble sentiments of patriotism and an unbending will to fight against injustice and oppression. Jawaharlal Nehru, attracted by the ideals of Gandhiji, involved himself in the struggle for Independence. His father, Motilal Nehru followed the example of his beloved son, espoused Gandhian ideals, eschewed the life of luxury to which he had been accustomed. Anand Bhavan was the meeting place for the great leaders of political movement including Gandhi himself. Nurtured in such a congenial atmosphere for the flowering of an independent spirit the young Nayantara imbibed the spirit of independence with great vigour.

Nayantara believes that it is not a serious moral offence in a woman to break away from the “sacred” marriage bond, if she finds the shackles too oppressive to the growth of her inner self. She finds that a woman’s duty to be sincere to her inner self is far greater and urgent than to be for her family and society. Nayantara portrays the inalienable right of freedom in women in many of the characters in her novels, such as Simrit in Storm in Chandigarh, Saroj in The Day in Shadow and Rashmi in Rich Like Us.

Nayantara Sahgal has in fact introduced a considerable number of autobiographical elements in her novels. To a question, she asserts that “all art is autographical”. Her work ranges from factual and emotional autobiography to fictionalized autobiography. In her address to Colloquium at Radcliff Institute (America) she confesses the close links between her own experiences and that of some of the leading characters in her novels. She describes succinctly in an article as to how she grew up moulded by congenial circumstances, she says:I grew up during the National Movement. My parents went to jail repeatedly during our fight for freedom. My father died because of his last imprisonment released too late to be cured of the serious illness contracted in jail. My uncle became our first Prime Minister. I was born and brought up within the atmosphere and hopes and ideals of the Congress Party.

Its leaders were familiar to me. Our home was their meeting place and many decisions momentous to India were taken in it. I became a novelist and a political journalist, and all my writings, fiction and non-fiction, has been about contemporary India. (Voice for Freedom 55). This Time of Morning is another novel, which she completed in Kashmir in 1965[2]. The Day in Shadow was published in February 1971. This novel, acclaimed to be the best by most of her critics, describes her attitudes to marriage and the condition of women in general. She wrote an article “Of Divorce and Hindu Women” in The Hindustan Times (Dec, 18, 1971), which is an example of her liberal and permissive outlook: She stands for new morality according to which a woman is not to be taken as a mere toy, an object of lust and momentary pleasure, but man’s equal and honoured partner, in word and deed, as against the inhuman tradition postures (l8).

Prison and Chocolate Cake (1958) and From Fear Set Free (1962) are autobiographical in which she has given a graphic account of her experiences during the freedom struggle which naturally were responsible in moulding her as a writer. A Time to be Happy (1958). A Situation in New Delhi (1977) and Storm in Chandigarh (1969) are classed as her political novels. Rich Like Us published in 1985, uses Emergency as its backdrop and the theme is about freedom. She won a Fellowship of Woodrow Wilson International Centre, Washington DC for writing it. Sahgal herself has adjudged this novel as her best. Plans for Departure (1986) is an interesting novel in which a foreigner Anna Hansen visits India, takes up an in-depth study of Hindu customs and behaviour and passes dispassionate judgments. Mistaken identity (1988), a historical novel, is the story of Bhushan Singh, the only son of a feudal raja of Vijaygarh, a kingdom of one hundred villages in the Gangetic Plain. Set during the years 1929-32, this novel is a satire on the role of the raja or the British. As it mainly deals with rajah and has no relevance for the present study, this novel has not been included in the thesis. Her latest work, Lesser Breeds, was published in 2003, is not included in this present study simply because of its irrelevant concept regarding this research work.

The present paper is the result of my hard work and dedication. It mainly focuses on Feminism in the of Nayantara Sahgal. Though She works on various themes but here concerns are the pathetic condition of women in the patriarchal society. Nayantara Sahgal’s leanings towards feminism even though mild, are quite marked in her novels Storm in Chandigarh and A Situation in New Delhi. The fact comes and to light when one studies the underserved ill-treatment many her women characters in these novels must undergo in the society and tries to know. Why they are driven to committing suicide or to seeking divorce, or to undergoing torments defenselessly when it becomes unavoidable. The women character who is driven to committing suicide is Madhu in A Situation in New Delhi. The society that Nayantara creates in A Situation in New Delhi is one which fails to protect women even on the university campus in the capital city of the country as here Madhu a student of Delhi University is raped in the Registrar’s office[2].

The boys who rape Madhu clearly consider Madhu only as an object of lust to be used at their disposal and have no regard for her feelings will and self-respect. A society which produces such men and cannot punish them does not deserve to have women in it. One may raise an objection and argue that the whole society should not be disparaged for what three boys do, because if this society has produced these three boys it has also produced Usman Ali the Vice-Chancellor, who only expels the three guilty boys but6 also braves a physical assault and finally resigns as Vice Chancellor in the order to organize people against fights the forces responsible for the rape of the girls, but the fact remains that his efforts bear little fruits and at last, the girl realizes that even her brother would be thankful when he was relieved the responsibility of her” and commits suicide in a state of helplessness by immolating herself. So, it is obvious that this society has failed to create conditions in which women feel themselves safe and out of the reach of immoral men.

The women characters who have opted to move out of the conjugal walls to escape ill-treatment are Saroj in Storm in Chandigarh, and Lydia and Nell in A Situation in New Delhi. Saroj’s husband under ill-treats his wife chiefly for her having lost her virginity before her marriage as is evident from the following piece of conversation between him and his wife:“Well why did do it? That” I keep coming back to why did You do it?” “I was fond of him,” she said wearily “and I was curious. Is that a crime?” “Good God. Didn’t you have Any inhibitions, any Sense of modesty? Couldn’t your curiosity Wait till you got married” (23).Nayantara Sahgal has a central woman character that gradually moves towards an awareness of her emotional needs.

Nayantara Sahgal’s novel reads like commentaries on the political and social turmoil that India has been facing since independence. Mrs. Sahgal’s feelings for politics and her command over English are rather more impressive than her art as a novelist. She is a novelist as well as a successful political columnist for different newspapers. Her writing is generally characterized by simplicity and boldness. Her writing abounds the latest political ups and downs with a tinge of western liberalism. Her novels portray the contemporary incidents and political realities saturated with artistic and objectivity. All her major characters of the novel are drawn towards the vortex of politics [3]. Besides politics, her fiction also focuses attention on Indian woman’s search for sexual freedom and self-realization. As a women novelist, Sahgal recognizes that her primary obligation is that of advocating the emancipation of women. She has probed deep into the female psyche in her novels. She describes in her novel how women exploited even during the modern times by both the individuals and the society. She tried to Portray the sensibility of woman that how a woman looks at herself and her problems [4]. She considers her novels political in content and intention and in her view, each of the novels her contemporary reflects and political era.

The use of the fictional genre is one of the main aspects of her novels, wherein she can explore the problems of women in contemporary society. Though Sahgal has been hailed chiefly as a political novelist, her feminist concern is obvious and her fighter spirit quite vocal in her fiction. In all her works, there is juxtaposition of two worlds: the personal world of man-woman relationship and the impersonal world of politics. The portrayal of her memorable women characters and the feminist tone in her fictional discourse make Nayantara Sahgal one of the most outstanding feminist Indian novelists writing in English [5].

Nayantara Sahgal is not only a novelist of repute but also a journalist by profession. She confesses that fiction is her “abiding love” journalism her “conscience”. Talking to Ram Jha in 1987, Sahgal said that her two kinds of writing experiences-that of a novelist and that of a political journalist-though contrary to each other, are mutually sustained because, her central focus in both areas in the same-the concept of freedom in human beings, national and personal and her increasingly feminist concerns. Most of her characters belong to the affluent upper class, she does not caste-ridden middle class or the poor Indian village just to conform to the accepted image of India. Her range of characters simplifies her technique. She does not have to struggle to present Indian conversation in English as most of her characters are the kind of people who would talk and think in English in real life [6].

Storm in Chandigarh is Mrs. Sahgal’s third novel written after A Time to be Happy and This Time of Morning. It deals with complex human relationships in which love, friendship, honesty, freedom and equality play a vital role. The ‘Storm’ in the lives of three married couples, Inder and Saroj, Jit and Mara, Vishal and Leela is portrayed against the political backdrop of the storm or confrontation between the newly divided states of Punjab and Haryana over the issues of Chandigarh and Bakhra Nangal territory act…Gyan Singh, the ambitious Chief Minister of Punjab has announced a strike in the whole region for the selfish purpose of demonstrating his political strength. He is only concerned with his personal gains and does not even hesitate to use violence as a means for achieving his selfish ends. While Harpal Singh, the Chief Minister of Haryana acts as political counter oil of Gyan Singh as he is a behavior of Gandhi an ideology of non-violence. He has always given priority to the interests of people against his self-interest[7].

The union Home Minister is assigned the task of affecting a rapprochement between the two warring states of Vishal Dubey, an honest and promising central officer. Dubey goes to Chandigarh from Delhi to solve the political impasse but unwillingly involves himself in the private lives of the estranged husbands and wives especially those of Saroj and Inder [8,9].

Nayantara Sahgal’s contribution about treatment of themes is enormous and varied. She dwells upon contemporary events in her novels like Storm in Chandigarh, Rich Like us and A Situation in New Delhi. Her novels Plans for Departure and Mistaken Identity were a creative vision towards the happenings of India before Independence. The influence of Nehru and Gandhi on Sahgal is clear and she has offered a fresh insight into Gandhism, Nehruism and their impact on the evolution and progress of India. A.V. Krishna Rao [9] succinctly states:“Nayantara Sahgal has inherited and cherished a certain set of values and attitudes towards like which can be best described as a complex of political liberalism, social sophistication, economic moderation and cultural catholicity in continual interaction with the Gandhian idealism” (44).

Nayantara Sahgal’s Storm in Chandigarh depicts the suffering of marital friction apart from the political and social ups and downs. It narrates the life of Inder and Saroj. Sahgal pens the suffocating experience of marriage for both the partners. Most importantly, the writer highlights those wrong features in marriage which causes separation. Sahgal, in this novel, deals with marital as well as political crisis. Division in political front and friction in marital relationships are the main themes of the novel. Duality and deceptiveness are prevalent in politics and marriage. In this novel character come close to each other but without any emotional attachment and sincerity. There is no sensitiveness or loyalty in their relationship; It seems a temporary bond[10].

In the novel Storm in Chandigarh Sahgal narrates how the attitude of dictatorship destroys harmony of marital status. Marriage which strongly needs love and faith of both the partners, can breakdown also in presence of doubt and frustration. The main protagonist of the novel Saroj has committed mistake before marriage. She has her first sexual encounter with one of her friends before marriage. When Inder came to know that, he started tormenting his wife physically as well as mentally. However, Inder himself indulges in an extra marital affair with Mara.

Love and satisfactionare not much prevalent in this affair also. Basically, Inder is a character who always denies individuality of women. He considers woman as a parasite; who could survive only with the support of a male figure. Here the writer portraits the pathetic plight of Saroj who tries to show her love and affection towards her husband but in vain. Throughout their lives, Vishal and Leela remained strangers to each other. He is possessed by a deep sense of guilt for living with her without love and his relationship with Leela abruptly ends due to her death. Vishal’s marriage had been a failure[11,12].

Being a widower, he is deriving satisfaction in a connection with Gauri, a Bengali businessman’s wife who finds security in arranged marriage but who needs and establishes a relationship with Dubey which is based only on sex. Nayantara Sahgal is quite bold in her political approach. She dismantles the age-old notions of women being inferior. She is one novelist who is clear in her perception that man-woman relationship should be based on equality, understanding and love. Man-woman relationship without love is prostitution and nothing else[13].

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Conclusion

Among the women novelists of Indian Writing in English, Nayantara Sahgal emerges as a powerful voice to challenge and question the “received” versions of history. She not only calls the officially-ordered ‘histories’ into question but also exposes the male-dominated and patriarchal power-structures behind them. By delineating India’s history and politics in her fictional narratives, she creates an alternative discourse to subvert them and thereby construct her own writer-specific version. She achieves this purpose by using the various narrative techniques and devices and puts them side by side with the official discourse. Sahgal’s fiction also centers on the political history of India and how it has affected the perceptions of ordinary men and women. Her main interest, however, remains to raise the questions of women and so the basic purpose of envisioning India’s history in her fiction rests on her concerns with the social and individual problems of women and their search for identity. Sahgal herself has overcome her problem of identity-crisis through her writing.

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joelmathis · 5 years

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For immigration hawks, assimilation is not enough

The fun thing about being an immigration hawk is that the goalposts are alway moving. We’ve been told for the last couple of years that hawks aren’t against immigration - they’re just against illegal immigration. That’s not true: The Trump Administration has spent the last couple of years narrowing the pathways for legal immigration as well. Even then, hawks object to the depiction of their work as having a racial element. Instead they want you to know their problem with immigration is cultural: The new arrivals don’t assimilate like the immigrants of yore. That’s nonsense - studies show that assimilation occurs more or less at the same pace, over generations, with the latest wave of arrivals as with previous generations. So assimilation isn’t really the problem either.

To get a sense of why this is so, check out the NYT front page today. If you see it in print, there is a profile of Stephen Miller, President Trump’s anti-immigration adviser, right next to a description of how India’s prime minister is remaking that nation along Hindu nationalist lines. The parallels aren’t hard to spot. The government is now actively seeking to remove citizenship from Muslims who have lived in the country for generations, and have even served in the army.

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All of the 33 million residents of Assam have had to prove, with documentary evidence, that they or their ancestors were Indian citizens before early 1971, when Bangladesh was established after breaking away from Pakistan. That is not easy. Many families are racing to get their hands on a decades-old property deed or fraying birth certificate with an ancestor’s name on it.

Noor Begum, who lived in a small hamlet in a flood-soaked district, spiraled into depression after finding out that she and her mother had been excluded from the citizenship lists. Her father and seven siblings had made it.

“Of course she was Indian,” said her father, Abdul Kalam, a retired laborer. “She used to sing Indian national songs at school. She felt very Indian.”

On a bright morning in June, Noor hanged herself from a rafter. She was 14.

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/17/world/asia/india-muslims-narendra-modi.html *************

Residency isn’t enough. National feeling isn’t enough. Assimilation isn’t enough. All that matters is if the powers that be decide if you’re part of the tribe or not. Under nationalists like India’s Modi and America’s Trump, a lot of people who thought they were part of the tribe are going to find out they’re not.

#trump #immigration #india #modi

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rolosode-blog · 5 years

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N YVXR LZ GIN Live. Get Live of Mukesh, Pawan and Vinay YRFI the globe. 7 days to 32 754 JNR 13 268 had dismissed the pleas 338 12 95 Tuesday, 08 October 2019 ZR 29 65 CK 466 27 10/10/19 22:51:16 +03:00 46 17 9 228 45 678 148 859 LFL 358 371 61 475 659 343

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7 days to seek mercy, Tihar tells Dec 16 rape convicts. SC had dismissed the pleas of Mukesh, Pawan and Vinay seeking review of its 2017 judgment upholding the capital punishment given to them by the Delhi High Court. Was updated: 23 Nov 2019 08:51 AM PST.

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journalistcafe · 3 years

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कजरी तीज 2021: महिलाओं के लिए महत्वपूर्ण कजरी तीज का व्रत कब है? जानें शुभ मुहूर्त, विशेष संयोग और महत्व

हिन्दू धर्म में अनेक पर्व, व्रत और उपवास मनाने की परंपरा है। उन्हीं पर्वों की श्रृंखला में एक महत्वपूर्ण पर्व है कजली तीज। हरियाली तीज की तरह ही कजरी तीज का पर्व भी महिलाओं के लिए बहुत खास होता है। कजरी तीज का व्रत हिंदू धर्म की सुहागिन महिलाओं के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण पर्व है। इस व्रत को सुहागिन महिलाएं अखण्ड़ सौभाग्य की प्राप्ति के लिए रखती हैं। इस दिन सुहागिन महिलाएं अपने पति की लंबी आयु और सुखी…

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bonsaiwhale39 · 3 years

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Aint A Party! Nightlife Lacks Buzz As Covid Hits Clubbing

For hardcore party lovers, it offers vigorous ambiance of the DJ bars. There are many discotheques which are at par with the international standards and promise to make your nightlife occurring. You might not have a party evening like that of in Delhi, Mumbai or Goa in Shillong, however it's assured that you'll be entertained by the most enthusiastic crowd and clearly in some nice entertainment bars, golf equipment and pubs. However, if you want to relish the nightlife experience in Shillong to its fullest then make sure to plan your night out on the Saturdays when the all of the pubs and cafes have DJs and native bands performing. That’s the name by which I prefer to call this place and it really justifies. I imply the gorgeous city of Pune in Maharashtra has every little thing in its treasure field to be called pnne of one of the best cities in India for nightlife expertise. And if you're somebody who has had enough visiting these locations then musical live shows and rock reveals are one thing that might be your excellent selection for evening out in Pune. After all, town is another outstanding destination for celebrities, DJs, and bands to host their exhibits and concert events. The nightlife in Pune can also be recognized for themed bars the place partying and dancing is surely a lifetime expertise to relish. I personally assume that if your primary objective in traveling is to get together, then head again to Thailand not India. India is unbelievable, attention-grabbing, and intense, however it's not the place you go just to get together. [newline]You might discover some places to party Thai fashion in Goa, however when I was there I did not see something that in comparability with Thailand. Of course there are golf equipment and whatnot within the huge cities, however I can't report on them as the quilt cost into an Indian membership was greater than I was prepared to fork out. Festivals And Gala's In India Throughout September But be positive that you retain your mouth shut and eyes protected as much as attainable while having the time of your life. Presently the Holi Festival is widely known not only in India but additionally in other states. The fun and the culture shared is an fascinating experience that promotes social interaction amongst individuals of various backgrounds. In West Bengal and Odisha, Holi is broadly known as Dol Jatra with full dedication to Lord Krishna. In which Lord Krishna is believed to have expressed to Radha on today. In the occasion Idols of Lord Krishna and Radha are carried and smeared with coloured powder, color as thrown at people and on the streets as properly. There are different Hindu Traditions that are linked to this legend. However, most revolve across the presence of elephants to honor the deity. The massive processions of elephants, resplendent in ornaments, are the principle attraction at these festivals. The processions are accompanied by colourful floats, drummers and different musicians. [newline]Some processions characteristic towering effigies of horses and bulls. Brazilian Day Philadelphia celebrates Brazilian Independence Day and shares the wonderful culture and traditions of Brazil. Vendors offer an plentiful number of genuine conventional foods and merchandise, and performers light up the stage with the contagious rhythms and dances of Brazil. The festival contains a distinctive blend of Brazilian culture and showcases Samba, Forro, Pagode, Capoeira, Samba-Reggae and more. This competition is a celebration of India’s Independence Day with reside music, dance, meals and other leisure. Ganesha is the remover of all obstacles and difficulties; he is the one who will grant success in all human endeavors. Therefore, no new venture is started with out first praying to Ganesha. Ganesha's favourite meals modak is obtainable to the deity and served throughout the competition's period. Devotees of Shiva abstain from eating food all through the day and only break their quick the next morning after a night of worship. The offerings of food to the deity comprise "cooling" foods, because Shiva was said to be hot-tempered. The Most Effective Museums To Visit In Delhi Following independence from British Rule in 1947, artists in India aimed to uncover a visual language that was uniquely Indian in inspiration to convey their experiences, struggles, ambitions and dreams. Featuring greater than 20,000 objects, the collection spans the globe, bringing the world to our city, and our metropolis to the world. It was constructed to focus on the trauma and stress confronted by the hundreds of thousands of individuals in the course of the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. Sulabh International Museum of Toilets is positioned on the palam-dadri road in Mahavir Enclave in New Delhi. The museum is maintained by Sulabh International Social Service Organization. When TIME journal referred to as it one of the weirdest museums in the world, the Sulabh International Museum of Toilets most likely took it as a praise. The museum traces the historical past and improvement of bathrooms around the globe and even houses a group of toilet-related poems. The objective behind this uncommon thought is to boost consciousness about sanitation issues within the country. The assortment at this place contains newspaper cuttings, pictures, and items donated by the individuals before leaving their houses throughout partition. It showcases the issues related to the life of victims and survivors of partition and their lifelong legacy. The first ground of the museum has a photograph gallery that showcases images of Gandhi Ji from his childhood to his assassination, together with press cuttings. The room of Gandhi Ji is positioned on the second ground where guests can see his spinning wheels, book, and his bed. Besides being a successful businessman, he is also a typical travel junkie who loves to explore the treasures concealed in several corners of India. When he isn't on street, he is lively with a pen sharing travelling experiences with many like him. 外燴 of Migration reveals a life-size prepare duplicate to show the way, the refugees transported between the 2 countries. You can also discover dairy entries from 1948 related to the partition. The partitions of this construction are full of paintings and carvings with intrinsic buildings. You can find a large assortment of armors, weapons , and other warfare equipment. This is the most important assortment of handguns and weapons in India. Nature And Outside Actions In India The ceilings are also fantastically embellished with geometrical and floral patterns. The backwaters of Kochi supply a fantastic boating experience to the nature lovers. There are ferries, boathouses and regular boats to enjoy the serene nature of Kochi. Kayaking at Dandeli is the second most necessary journey introduced for the journey lovers. A enjoyable part of a go to is exploring Chatta Chowk, a 17th-century coated bazaar selling everything from jewellery to silk garments, as nicely as souvenirs and meals objects. Cycling is broadly thought to be a very effective and efficient recreational activity and provide numerous benefits including physical train. Coastal Roads of Maharashtra are extremely popular with cyclists for a one day trip similar to Alibaug,Kihim,Nagaon,Panshet and Harihareshwar. Waterfall Rappelling is the most effective adventures exercise and weekend journey break to do in the course of the monsoon season in Maharashtra. Dabhosa waterfall,Vihigaon Waterfall,Kondhana Caves and Sandhan Valley are few finest places To try waterfall rappelling in Maharashtra. Jungle tourism is a subcategory of adventure journey defined by active multifaceted bodily technique of journey in the jungle regions of the earth. According to the Glossary of Tourism Terms, jungle tours have become a significant component of green tourism in tropical destinations and are a relatively latest phenomenon of Western worldwide tourism. With the frontier for journey tourism in India expanding Bungee Jumping’s can also be gaining momentum. With a humble begin, bungee leaping kicked off in many cities with a nominal peak of 25 meters and people began craving for extra India started giving extra. Now the highest leap level is eighty three meters the place you’ll be leaping in from the platform on a cantilever bridge built on high of a rocky cliff. To float above 3000 meters above the ground and to be in a free fall from over ft up within the air skydiving is the final word the electrifying expertise in phrases of extreme air sports. Plan your journey of a lifetime in India and help him overcome his fears. Itinerary For Household Journey In Northern India We hope our ideas, guidance, and recommendation assist you to get excited and prepared for your beloved ones trip to India. Nothing but treasured and magical moments are bound to return your method while exploring this extraordinary nation. We’d love to know about any other ideas you’ve found helpful when discovering India with kids! If you’re looking for a seaside getaway destination when planning your family journey to India, there actually isn’t a better place than Havelock Island. Located in India’s Andaman Islands, Havelock is the perfect place for spending time outdoor either resting on the paradisiac seashores or discovering the world that lives underwater. Filled with incredible sights, stunning landscapes, fun actions, incredible food and far more, there's a lot to see and do in India for children. Discover inspirational actual life household journey adventures, our favorite family-friendly hotels tried and tested by dad and mom, household metropolis guides from mother and father within the know, travel videos and extra. Begin your journey within the one of the oldest and most attention-grabbing cities on the planet, Delhi. There might be a welcome meeting right now at 1 pm – you can arrive any time before, as there aren't any actions deliberate. After a chance to fulfill the rest of the households and purchase some lunch, take a guided sightseeing tour to explore the contrasts of Old and New Delhi. In the narrow streets, every thing competes for space – squeeze through the Old City’s fortified walls on the way in which to Jama Masjid. When the facility goes out, so does the web , not much fun when you’re putting an India journey blog collectively. Indian cuisine is certainly one of my very own world favourites, I favor the light vegetarian dishes of the south, my husband enjoys the heavier, meatier dishes of the north. These northern dishes are the dishes you’ll be extra acquainted with from western Indian eating places and one of the joys of travelling around India is observing how regional meals change. That first trip was a tremendous experience for the boys and it was a pleasure for us to share it with them however I have to be trustworthy, I wouldn't take much youthful children to India. People do, and Indian kids live there and survive just fine, but I wouldn’t be comfortable with it. These are solely indications, so please go to your physician earlier than you travel to be 100 percent positive. Sign up for our publication and you’ll be the primary to learn about particular promotions, perks, suggestions and hot locations. 32 Awesome Presents That International Travellers Can Take Home From India You will get pots, pans, vessels, plates, serving utensils and ornamental wall hangings created from these metals. You can discover wood work within the native markets in addition to emporiums. As I mentioned earlier, Sandalwood carvings and objects are fairly well-known. Today Sholapith is used for making ornamental gadgets like decorative bins, wall hangings, wall panels, pictures of different gods and goddesses and many others. You can purchase these Sholapith items at any Bengal emporium shops and Biswa Bangla shops. The portray of pattachitra is principally concentrated in Raghurajpur, a small village close to Puri in Odisha. A growing consciousness in the direction of the environment has led to an abundance of smokeless incense sticks out there. As a outcome, they are a rejuvenating souvenir to take again that promises you're refreshingly fragrant home for days on end. And don’t overlook to select up native Indian tea, pre-mixed chai especially! A day in India just isn't complete with out a minimal of five+ cups of chai, I kid you not. So they bought in bulk and gave them as presents to their family. Bath and bodywork physique lotions have a really pleasant perfume and are a very good moisturizer. Just to take care of the amount you presumably can soak up your baggage as there's a restrict of the total worth of your merchandise you can carry to India. Especially the electronics you must unpack them and hold them in carry-on baggage and show that these are your personal gadgets and not for selling. Everybody in India will have a lot of expectations as you'll be going again after greater than a year. There are sure issues which may be price shopping for from the USA than from India. Delhi Unlocks Further, Bars, Public Parks And Gardens Re In Fukuoka, Japan, the roof of the ACROS Fukuoka Prefectural International Hall is roofed in a forest of bushes and vegetation. In Darmstadt, Germany, the Waldspirale garden is located on the winding roof of an condo constructing. Located in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, the California Academy of Sciences, which accommodates an aquarium, planetarium, and natural history museum, was designed by renowned architect Renzo Piano. In San Francisco, California, the California Academy of Sciences Living Roof houses quite lots of plant life. It was co-designed together with his pal Plutarco Gastelum, who built a lot of the sculptures. The website accommodates greater than 30 buildings, together with plant sculptures and aforementioned winding staircases that lead nowhere. James built Las Pozas on a coffee plantation close to Xilitla, in Mexico's Huasteca region. Here are our top 5 recommendations for the most effective garden parks in Bangalore. New Delhi is a metropolitan metropolis crammed with bustling crowds and towering buildings. Amidst its busy streets and noisy by-lanes, nevertheless, the city offers guests moments of tranquility with lush greenery and boat-rides in its quite a few parks. This park is located near lovely Muthirappuzha River and misty Kannan Devam hill Tea Estates. The gardens are house to various plant species some of that are rarely found in India. Bars, public parks and gardens have now been allowed to re-open after over a two-month hiatus. Limiting access to public parks does have penalties for adults, too, including those who come from more privileged backgrounds. The lack of open areas and parks that they'll access throughout their handy hours has compelled many locals to depend on gyms for fitness, and these have mushroomed all across the town in current years. Following the IT growth came the rise of gated residential communities, which offer wealthier residents entry to their very own green spaces and play areas, geared up with broad strolling paths and benches to take a seat on. Often advertised as an oasis away from the chaos of the city, these complexes turned more and more popular with center class and upper middle class residents whilst they widened the category divide within the metropolis. The state of Andhra Pradesh boasts of several parks and gardens that are fantastically landscaped. The parks and gardens support a wide range of rich bio-diversity that the state boasts of as a outcome of its geographical distribution. Bombay Stock Exchange Hits New Excessive For Third Consecutive Day Do not leave with out shopping for the unique spices for which the market is legendary, although. Known as the ‘Perfume Capital of India’, Kannauj is an historic city set on the banks of River Ganges. The Kannauj market is situated within the Kannauj district, and is alleged to be one of many oldest markets that offers in every thing scented, from important oils to conventional Indian attars . There are over 650 scents on supply, ready using historic methods, i.e. perfume of wet earth is distilled into small glass vials. Rajendra Kalur, CFA, is an unbiased advisor and monetary educator. Using his extensive experience within the financial providers domain, he mentors first-time entrepreneurs and provides coaching on such subjects as leadership, entrepreneurship, and wealth administration. Previously, Mr. Kalur was the founding director and CEO of TrustPlutus, a boutique wealth administration agency. The Indian capital markets have skilled a big structural transformation since India opened its financial system to the world within the 1990s. Today it boasts two of the world’s largest inventory exchanges—NSE and BSE—and is taken into account one of the most most popular investment locations for international capital, as evidenced by continued growth in overseas investments. In addition, the asset management industry has seen massive development, with growing interest from domestic retail traders. These developments could be attributed to a series of supportive steps undertaken by the Indian authorities, regulators, and policymakers, which adopted a more business-friendly stance. The first seven months of 2020 noticed major investment bulletins within the tens of billions of dollars by U.S. The U.S. Government has indicated its intention to extend engagement within the fast-growing Asian area and has known as for an all-of-government method. This Indo-Pacific Strategy includes The Digital Connectivity and Cybersecurity Partnership , Asia Enhancing Development and Growth through Energy , and the Infrastructure Transaction and Assistance Network . In addition, the Department of Commerce has initiated the Access Asia strategic outreach program. This gives India one of the highest spreads in the world between the current financial institution rate and inflation, leaving ample room to cut charges additional. India 1 includes the wealthiest one hundred million people, which make up solely 8% of the inhabitants and have very comparable metrics to Mexico. GDP per capita, spending habits and shopper behavior, nearly precisely the same as Mexico. They contribute 40% of India’s economy today and have largely historically driven consumption. The Eastern European international locations have mostly been strong convergers, and Poland is no exception. 15 Prime South Indian Temples With Superb Architecture The mandala pada dealing with sunrise is devoted to Surya deity . The Surya pada is flanked by the padas of Satya deity on one facet and Indra deity on different. The east and north faces of most temples feature a mix of gods and demi-gods; while west and south feature demons and demi-gods related to the underworld. This vastu purusha mandala plan and symbolism is systematically seen in historic Hindu temples on Indian subcontinent as well as those in southeast Asia, with regional creativity and variations. Ancient Sanskrit manuals for temple construction found in Rajasthan, in northwestern region of India, embrace Sutradhara Mandana's Prasadamandana . It is customary in temples in Kerala, for men to take away shirts and to cover pants and shorts with a traditional material often known as a Vasthiram. In Java and Bali , before one enters probably the most sacred elements of a Hindu temple, shirts are required in addition to Sarong around one's waist. Temple management employees usually announce the hours of operation, together with timings for particular pujas. These timings and nature of special puja range from temple to temple. Additionally, there may be specifically allotted instances for devotees to perform circumambulations around the temple. The Elephanta primary cave is assumed to comply with this mandala design. As per a legend, a small a part of Balaji’s head turned bald after being hit on the head by a shepherd. Neela Devi, a Gandharva princess, saw this and thought that there should not be any flaw on such a gorgeous face. So, she cut a portion of her hair and glued it on Balaji’s head with her magical energy. Touched by her sacrifice, Balaji promised she will receive all of the hair donated by his devotees at his temple. Pop Culture The objective of this paper is to critically explore the methods during which agency is wielded by girls during occasions of mass violence and to explain that understanding company is vital so as to transfer beyond essentialist categories of ‘victims’ and ‘perpetrators’. In so doing, this paper will draw from postcolonial feminist literature and critical concept which provide some basic insights into the idea of company. After spending a while with her, I discovered her to be incredibly intelligent and interested in American popular culture, particularly American music. She is a typical sixteen 12 months old who's a junior in high school and is a huge fan of Adele and Taylor Swift and other highly effective girls entertainers corresponding to Nicki Minaj and Beyonce. One dialog that came up was about Taylor Swift and how folks do not take her seriously because of her reputation of relationship plenty of males. However, Lopa made it clear that the quantity of males that somebody dates should not be a difficulty. She advised me that Taylor Swift’s talent should not be questioned as a end result of she is a woman who sings songs about breaking apart with ex boyfriends and girl power. Which is a big optimistic change from even 10 years ago, when the combo was more like 98% and 2%. Pop music started gaining reputation across the Indian subcontinent in the early 1980s, with Pakistani singers Nazia Hassan and Zohaib, forming a sibling duo whose records, produced by the Indian Biddu, bought as many as 60 million copies. Indian pop is intently linked to Bollywood, Kollywood, Tollywood and the Asian Underground scene of the United Kingdom. The variety of South Asian music from totally different international locations are generally called Desi music. ” – Ask 10 Indians that and 9 would relate to this fascinating phrase from the favored worldwide TV sequence, Game of Thrones . The epic fantasy saga has managed to take the nation by storm and has impressed a complete generation of Indians who can’t seem to cease speaking about it. Restaurants They had been the first locations in Bombay where people of any tradition, class or faith could take cool refuge from the road with a cup of chai, a easy snack or a hearty meal. People from all walks of life shared tables, rubbed shoulders and broke bread collectively. The parcel is savory and unctuous, rich and flaky, and makes a fully pleasant mess of flaky puff pastry crumbs if you accompany it with a cup of chai tea. Slow-caramelized milk ice cream traditionally flavored with almond and pistachio or cardamom . Dallas-based and family-owned Kaurina’s Kulfi specializes within the conventional frozen treats . A puffy, deep-fried bread that inflates and settles and is commonly served alongside channa masala . 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The Palace is a 365 room behemoth, part of which still serves as the official residence of the Royal Family of Marwar. A part of the palace nevertheless has been built into what has been dubbed the best palace lodge on the earth by many main opinion makers within the international tourism industry. The Umaid Bhavan Palace is open to both residents and non-resident guests albeit in numerous sections and is a fantastic sight to behold. The Palace was commissioned in 1929 by Maharaja Umaid Singh as a royal job creation project during a period of prolonged drought that managed to employ over 3,000 people for 15 years. The Palace is closely embellished with tasteful fixtures and materials similar to Makrana marble and Burmese teak and by no means ceases to amaze visitors to Jodhpur because of its large scale but luxuriant beauty. Portuguese rule other than cultural enrichment also has provided Goa with a host of architectural icons, museums and church buildings that function major vacationer sights in modern day Goa. Aided by Darjeeling's cool, moist climate and sloping terrain, its tea estates produce a fine and delicately flavored tea that's referred to as the "Champagne of teas." Depending in your itinerary, you might travel to Darjeeling via the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, or you might enjoy an excursion on the train’s Batasia Loop during your time in Darjeeling. The Toy Train, as it is affectionately identified, affords breathtaking views of high waterfalls, green valleys, and at its end, the splendid panorama of the snow-capped Kanchenjunga vary.

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biglisbonnews · 1 year

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Water Resources Department looking for technical support, funding from EU A detailed report on the discussions with the EU delegation would be submitted to enable the State government to chalk out new projects and form a water authority for better framework and implementation https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/water-resources-department-looking-for-technical-support-funding-from-eu/article66767495.ece

#chennai #Latest News #Latest News Live and Breaking News Today | The Hindu

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bklyntherapist · 3 years

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Reflections on God, Death, Meaning and Spirituality

“Do you pray?” I once asked a patient.

“No, I’ve never been able to for some reason” she paused. “Do you?”

“No,” I said. “Because I don’t know if anyone is listening.”

It has always struck me as inconceivable that someone is listening to prayer. How can people be sure of some divine force in their lives? Even such Christian luminaries such as Martin Luther King and Mother Theresa experienced their doubts about God. I am no different. God does not speak to me in tongues or voices. All I hear are silent ellipses where I sense holiness in the mundane, the awe-inspiring in the ordinary. God has always seemed like an inelegant, hollow solution to the problem of meaning and death.

Take today as I sit alone on Third Beach in Stanley Park. I write what I observe in this notebook: the cascade of waves smoothing the sand like a rolling pin; the hundreds of Mergansers, white-bellied and plump, drifting in the ocean; the dance of seagulls, their v-shaped footprints dotting the sand. The ordinariness of it all is easy to overlook. I am tempted to look at my phone, answer a couple of texts, google “birds in Stanley Park,” or just scroll through Twitter for the latest political headline. But instead, I observe and write because I want this moment to have importance.

I am without a doubt a sentimentalist. I want to believe those big important words like meaning and spirit and connection. I want to tell you that the waves and the Mergansers and the seagulls are just expressions of a God that I can catch a glimpse of now. I want to tell you that human nature is divine, and we, like Adam, have just fallen from grace, our innocence stolen by a world that is designed to break us. But I don’t know. In fact, I’ve come to suspect the opposite: the meaningless of those big important words like meaning and spirit and connection, the meaninglessness of our pain and suffering, the meaninglessness of not only life but our deaths.

I’ve contemplated spirituality throughout my life. As a boy, I often felt flummoxed by religion. My parents, immigrants from Nepal and Tibet, raised my brother and me as Hindu and Buddhist, and we dutifully performed the many rituals of faith in our homes without knowing the importance of them. But as we grew older, the ceremonies grew intimate and familiar. We might not have known what a Nepali tika signified, but we knew that it represented family and love. And what is intimate and familiar will inevitably feel safe and nurturing.

Buddhism and Hinduism would have given me enough to consider for the rest of my life, but I also studied Catholicism for the entirety of my adolescence, as I was educated at a Catholic School. To see a man nailed to a crucifix, blood dribbling from his hands and crown, unnerved my 10-year-old psyche. But I bought into what my religion teachers were selling. I was a sinner. I needed to repent. Only then could I go to heaven. The binaries of good versus evil, sin versus redemption were oddly soothing. I was born evil. But I could be good.

I long for that type of simplicity now. My world radiates greyness, the simple twosome of good and evil long gone in the complexity and tumult of daily experience. Whereas once I saw my life as a narrative that would assuredly culminate in a climax, I now see the folly in such ways of seeing the world. Narratives are digestible nuggets to make sense of what doesn’t really make sense: the chaos and absurdity of life. So maybe because of this chaos and the anxiety surrounding it, we create our stories and our Gods. Perhaps our narratives are our comfort in a painful terrifying world.

As I get older my personal narrative feels less imbued with my ego and need for power. The dark cast of human existence frightens me less. Death once bathed each moment of my existence, an omnipresent shadow lurking in the background. And death’s antecedent — anxiety — guided my life with its unseen hands. I was and have always been afraid. Afraid of the unknown. Afraid of rejection. Afraid of nonexistence. Afraid of loneliness. Afraid of it all. And I am still afraid.

But fear no longer reigns in my day-to-day. I am not sure how that happened, but I can let go a little easier and self-aware enough to see fear arising and face them with a bit more bravery. Death still frightens me. If we are honest, I think it frightens most of us. But an acceptance of death is closer at hand than it has ever been in my life. Perhaps it is because I am over 40 now, fully in middle age. Perhaps it is because many people I’ve known have passed on. In the past three months alone, my uncle and aunt have passed away. Perhaps it is the daily meditations that have calmed my mind. Or perhaps it is because death is so commonplace in today’s world where over a million people have passed away this year from one of the oldest absurdities of human existence — pestilence.

And while fear still rests in my unconscious, another emotion becomes more salient: gratefulness. As Camus and others have proclaimed, life is absurd. Trying to find meaning where there is none is its own form of madness. It is a constant struggle between what actually is and what we want it desperately to be. But this absurdity has transformed into its own miracle.

In the past, I have walked around New York City and felt alienated from everyone. The milling crowds of people, rushing to the jobs they probably don’t like to buy things that don’t make them happy seemed beyond absurd. But here we were doing it anyway. I have had the urge to shake passerby violently, saying “It is insane that we are here right now, isn’t it?” But no one else seemed to feel this so I put it out of my mind long ago. That others didn’t see this surprised me. But on another level, it was not shocking at all. We accept the reality we’re given. That much is apparent.

But what if we could live with this perspective daily? I try to. I remind myself each morning that it is unthinkable that I am here, that I am the endpoint of billions of years of evolution from the Big Bang to stars to cells to dinosaurs to mammals to me. That life is filled with suffering does not take away from this; in fact, it enhances it. Even the suffering becomes holy because I am alive for it. It is a miracle to feel heartbreak, just as it is a miracle to feel love.

This perspective may just be another sentimentality, creating emotion and meaning where there is only chaos and death. But it is the only one that makes sense to me. And I cannot help what I am: a sentient, feeling animal who is self-aware, who is grateful just to be. I can feel it now here on Third Beach on this effulgent Fall day. I can sense it now in the hundreds of Mergansers, drifting in the ocean in deep meditation like Buddhas aware of nothing but this moment.

#God #Death #Meaning #spirituality #Religion #Buddhism

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lupine-publishers-sjpbs · 4 years

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Lupine Publishers | Marital Captivity Under the Era of Globalisation: A Sociological Analysis

https://lupinepublishers.com/psychology-behavioral-science-journal/

Lupine Publishers | Scholarly Journal Of Psychology And Behavioral Sciences

Introduction

India has been ranked 114 in a list of 128 countries closely followed by Nepal (125) and Pakistan (126) on the Global Gender Gap report by the World Economic Forum (WEF). “The data captures the magnitude of the gap between men and women in critical areas including economic participation and opportunity, political empowerment, educational attainment, health and survival, female life expectancy and sex ratio at birth [1].” The incidence of crimes committed against women in India has seen a continuous rise over the years. Crimes against women increased [2]. However, the reported number of cases of marital captivity may grossly underestimate the true number of women experiencing marital captivity as many incidents go unreported owing to a lack of effective documentation, the stigma of victimization in Indian society, and fear of social disorganisation, all of which may inhibit distraught women from soliciting help. The condition of violence committed against women may be traced at its roots to the characteristically patriarchal structure of the family and society at large that fosters the imbalanced power ratio between men and women. The colossal transcendence of women in the work economy of the country since independence has had little effect in eliminating violence against them. There is a case of cruelty by husbands and relatives every nine minutes, and one dowry-death case every 77minutes [3]. Crime against women touched a new high in 2007 with 185312 registered cases of crime against women. The dowry deaths alone totaled at 8093 with 75930 other cases registered under the 498A cases of cruelty by husband or relative against the married women. In a recent study conducted by Family Health Survey it has been found that nearly five crore married women in India suffer from Marital captivity. Just 1 out of 1000 cases of marital captivity case gets reported. And out the 100 cases that are investigated under 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the accused gets conviction only in 2 cases.

The reported cases of marital captivity in India represent only the tip of the iceberg which means vast majority being socially and institutionally invisible4. As the “iceberg” image suggests, recorded or official cases represent only a minimal portion of the problem of family violence in society. The majority of cases of violence fall “below the water line”, invisible both socially and institutionally. In India, this iceberg theory has been reiterated by several studies, research papers and experience of NGOs working for the victims of marital captivity. For example, according to NFHS-3 Study5, which was conducted in 2005-06, where 124,385 women in the age group of 15-49 years were interviewed. Overall, 39% of currently married women age 15-49 have ever experienced any physical or sexual or emotional violence in their current marriage and 27% have experienced the violence in the past 12 months. Thus, among all currently married women who have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence, more than two-thirds (68%) have experienced the violence in the past 12 months and are likely to be still at risk.

In India safe 2000 multi-site study of nearly 10,000 households, 40 percent of the women reported experiencing at least one form of physical abuse and 26 percent reported severe physical abuse, including being hit, kicked, or beaten. UNFPA also reports that 40% of the women in India suffer marital captivity and abuse from male partner. Those that come forward often do so only after abuse have escalated to a point of severe, life-threatening violence. Records from the Special Cell for Women and Children in Mumbai, established by the Police Commission to provide a range of support services to women and their families, revealed that 43 percent of women endured marital captivity for 3-17 years before complaining to police6 (Dave and Solanki 2000). Census 2001 data shows that a total of 2,367,72,617 women are married. according to NFHS -3 data. 81% of currently married women age 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence by their current husbands, the first time was within five years of marriage. It also reports that 37% of currently married women aged 15-49yrs have experienced physical or sexual violence, and one in seven of all currently married women, have suffered an injury due to violence by their husbands.

Changing Institution of Marriage in India

Indian marriage systems are going through a major transition due to the impact of globalization on basic social values and institutions. The institution of marriage can be assessed by comparing and contrasting traditional and contemporary marriage patterns. The traditional pattern was marked by prominence of arranged marriages which were primarily oriented towards creating alliances between two families through “classical matchmakers” such as family priests and relatives. In such a marriage there was only a minor role for the bride and bridegroom in the context of decision-making regarding the marriage. Contemporary marriage, however, is based more on an understanding between the aboutto-be-married man and woman along with attention to the views of family elders. New “mediators” such as the media (matrimonial columns) and marriage bureaus have also emerged, contributing to the rise of a nationwide, and sometimes transnational, system of information and choice-making in the context of marriage.

Similarly there is a noticeable shift from an exclusive focus upon the physical attributes of the bride and economic assets of the bridegroom to the intellectual and economic characteristics of the bride and personality-related attributes and career prospects of the bridegroom. Today, we see a slight shift in the way traditional marriages are arranged. The strong presence of the audio, video, and print media, supported by the Internet has influenced the marriage scene tremendously. Open any newspaper on a Sunday and you will see hundreds of advertisements of prospective brides and grooms. Type the word “matrimonial” in any search engine, and see the list of countless websites for Asian marriages, Indian marriages, Hindu marriages, Muslim marriages, and Christian marriages. These matrimonial advertisements may sound amusing to the west, but they are pervasive not only in India but in the entire South Asian region. In earlier times, people tended to live in joint families and it was easier to find the prospective bride or groom from amongst the relatives of the family members. For example the eldest daughterin-law of the house could suggest her maternal aunt’s daughter as a match for her younger brother-in-law. However, as traditional families started breaking up, and people started moving to cities for work, this form of arrangement started to break down. So there was a need for an alternative system of finding the ideal bride or groom. And the print media such as newspapers and magazines came to the rescue. The audiovisual media soon followed. Today, the print media and the Internet provide the easiest and fastest method for finding a suitable partner. The role of “marriage arranger” who used to be a priest or a relative has been taken over by the new media. Marriage Bureaus are popping up like mushrooms. Depending on how much you are willing to pay, they do anything from giving the “right advertisement” in the media, scrutinizing the resumes, sending the selected resumes for your approval, arranging the meeting of the two families, and also undertaking private investigation to check for the character and the details mentioned in the resume of the prospective candidate. They plan the weddings and take commission as a percentage of the amount spent on the marriage! Needless to say their businesses are booming because they keep themselves updated with the latest trends in the marriage market. A glance at the marriage advertisements confirms that religion, caste and sub-caste continue to dominate as criteria for spousal selection. The advertisements are arranged according to the castes and sub-caste and invite responses from families belonging to the same class or caste. The only change, over time, is in the method by which marriages are arranged, and not in the parameters by which a suitable match is evaluated.

Marriage, Market and Dowry Related Violence

The major influence that has been cast by globalization is an over-exposure to, and increased presence of worldly pleasures and luxury items, which are now essential items of dowry. The markets are flooded with household goods such as refrigerators, televisions, audio systems, DVD players etc. The bride’s family is expected to give the latest model of these branded items as dowry or gifts at the time of marriage. It is an issue of prestige and the status of the family depends upon it. Dowry (and bride price in certain communities) has always had a universal presence in Indian marriage. The list of items in dowry or items given as gifts to the groom’s family has changed over the years according to the market trends. But they are all there in some form. The more educated the boy, the more the demand for dowry and the more lavish the party. The dowry can vary from household items to fancy cars and apartments. The story does not end here. The bride’s family is also expected to throw a lavish and extensive marriage party, which may be preceded by cocktail dinners and Ladies Sangeet (a day when songs of marriage are sung), and the Mehndi Night (where henna is put on the hands and feet of the bride by her friends and relatives). The bride’s family has to spend a huge amount to call the party to sing the marriage songs and the henna could cost anywhere from Rs. 100 (US$2.20) to Rs. 10,000 (US$220) for a hand depending upon the social status and the family’s ability to pay. Beauty parkours would charge anywhere between Rs. 2000 (US$44) and Rs. 20,000 (US$440) for the bridal make-up. There are “month before marriage” beauty packages available that could cost anywhere between Rs. 5,000 (US$110) and Rs. 20,000 (US$440) [4-6].

The bride’s family is also expected to pay for all the rituals that precede the marriage and that happen at the time of marriage. This includes the fee of the priest, the arrangements made for the rituals, and the gifts to be given to the boy’s family and the relatives. Polishing schools are also flourishing, and it is the fashion to attend these schools before marriage. Since most households are large families, where the boy shall be staying with his parents even after marriage, the innovators in the marriage market have started “Training Schools for Prospective Daughters-in-law”, where the girls are being trained on how to get along with their mothersin-law and how to fit exceptionally well into the traditional role of an ideal daughter-in-law. These schools are gaining popularity amongst the middle-class. The India daily soap opera industry is highly influenced by the marriage institution, and barring a few T.V. serials, which have few takers, the entire visual media is dominated by the “Mother-in-law & Daughter-in-law” episodes. These T.V. daily soaps on one hand show the “New Woman”, who is independent, intellectual, and a decision-maker and on the other hand show women as traditional, homemaker, and the ideal daughter-in-law. This new image of women, for which the serial directors are largely responsible, (though they would say that they make films only about what the people want to see), puts them in a double-edged bind. A woman is supposed to work and earn for the family as well as do the household chores with the same vigor and enthusiasm as their non-working mothers-in-law display or used to display. This double jeopardy is a result of the new marriage norms that have been slowly evolving.

The boy looks for a girl who is beautiful, smart, intellectual, and sporty because she has to accompany him at all company dinners and parties and yet she should be traditional because she has to gel with his mother and father and fit into the traditional role. The roles of men are changing, but for women they are causing an excess burden. A look at the marriage advertisements shows that the boys’ families look for a fair, slim, convent-educated, professional girl from a respectable family. Some even hint at the expected dowry. They also want a working girl. In addition to all this, the girl should also be homely and should know cooking and be able to manage the house. Moreover, there is no decrease in the amount of dowry, even if the girl possesses all the desired characteristics. The latest National Crimes Record Bureau data shows that dowry deaths and torture by husband has been increasing. If we include all the marriage related violence, the data shows that there is a consistent increase in cases related to dowry deaths and violence by husband and his family on the bride. Moreover, among all categories of CAW, Cruelty by Husband and Relatives has shown an increase of 20.3 between the years 2006 to 2007. Thus, the globalization and economic power in fact are precipitating marital captivity because there is a greater demand of resources. There is an increasing need of commodities and luxuries.

Institutional Mechanism: Protection of Women from Marital Captivity

This enactment is a big step in the direction of fighting marital captivity against women and goes a long way in protecting the women from violence in a domestic set up. Women could always approach the Courts under the IPC but the provisions were never so expansive. The term ‘marital captivity’ has never been used in IPC nor is it a gender specific law. The criminal law basically dealt similar cases of cruelty against married women, all other acts of marital captivity were not specifically criminalized. Also, no protection or residence orders were given to enable the woman to continue staying in the matrimonial house. This greatly restricted the women from approaching the Courts as most of them are dependents on their assailants and live under the fear of being turned out. The PWDVA is a civil law, where the aim is to provide relief to the aggrieved woman. The magistrate can pass Protection orders, residence orders, compensation orders, grant monetary relief under this law.

For the first time, marital rape has been recognized as an offence under this Act. The Act also provides for appointment of Protection Officers and Registered Service Providers to aid the aggrieved woman in accessing justice. The act, by and large, is a valuable piece of legislation. It provides protection to women, without considering their religion, and hence affords protection from discriminatory personal laws. The responsibility of the implementation lies on the executive, that would go on to prove the actual effectiveness of the Act.

Democratization for Combating Marital Captivity

In order to effectively combat marital captivity, we must closely examine why our society has ignored or denied this issue. The most important reason is that in world men and women are not equal socially, economically or politically, in both private and public life. This inequality reflects the strong patriarchal structure of the family and society as a whole. This unequal status continues despite a constitution which clearly guarantees equality between the sexes. The fallouts of the process of globalization and market forces on growing marital captivity against women can be combated effectively if the family and society give equal power to women and the state mediates and facilitates the democratization of the family by enacting gender just laws and formulating and implementing gender just policies and programs. Women participation and access to resources is actually a manifestation of the democratic processes that exist within the Family, the Society and the State. The more democratic the structure, the more is the power given to women.

There are three Steps to Democratization for Combating Marital Captivity:

a) Democratization of family to allow women to be equal partner in decision making

b) No discrimination between sexes in society

c) Equal representation of women in state

These three conditions must co-exist to eliminate violence against women. If one of these conditions is missing, violence remains in the life of women. For example, In United States, the family is individualized, the society apparently does not discriminate between sexes, but the violence persists because the women are not equally represented in Parliament and decisionmaking bodies. In Sweden, women have reached in appreciable numbers in the Parliament and other decision-making bodies. They are more or less equally represented in state structures. But this alone has not been able to curb violence. In closed family system of highly industrialized nation such as Japan, women form an appreciable part of the work force. However, the family is not democratized and women are also not represented in equal number in state institutions. They continue to suffer violence. Looking at India, the Indian family is highly undemocratic, women representation at state and national structures is negligible and the society is devoid of gender justice. However, in the wake of globalization, which is throwing new challenges, is there also a hope or a possibility of molding the market forces to the advantage of the women? Possibilities such as where the family structures start to democratize, women come forward to participate in the political process and the society starts valuing the contribution of women.

Conclusion

The process of globalization is not new. The globalization of the economic, social, cultural and political structures happened in all ages. Earlier the pace of such a process was so slow that we hardly noticed it. However, today with the advent of the information technology, newer means of communication have made the world a very small place. Not only the pace of the globalization process, but the penetration and integration of the changes induced in our day to day life has made the impact of globalization many fold higher. With this process the world has become one huge marketplace. However, fallout of such a process is that increasing marital captivity has been reported in most of the countries including industrialized nations, as a result of family fragmentation and loss of social support systems in marriage. Accompanying the increased burden for women is an increase in the level of all forms of violence, including marital captivity. It has been seen that when the society imposes sanctions against the perpetrators of violence, the women are empowered to exert for their rights. Only when the family and the society are democratized, the status of the women is strengthened. At this time, it becomes the duty of the state to facilitate and strengthen the process. The solution lies in the fact that women empowerment approach to combat violence against women should be well integrated and interwoven into all policies and programs of the governments. Women should be equal partners not only at the public places but should have adequate control of their own resources.

https://lupinepublishers.com/psychology-behavioral-science-journal/fulltext/marital-captivity-under-the-era-of-globalisation-a-sociological-analysis.ID.000145.php

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