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#Margaret Cynthia Field
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The tournament is up there, with the rules, my open askbox etc.
Names' ideas from the characters list below (they're examples I've gathered or you submitted, THIS ISN'T A LIST OF CONFIRMED CONTESTANTS. If you want them in the bracket you have to submit them) :
Acerola, Aerith, Ainsley, Almond, Althea, Alyssa, Alyssum, Amaranth, Amarantha, Amaryllis, Amy Rose, Ananas, Anemona, Anemone, Angel Lily, Angelica, Angélique, Anthea, Anthy, Apple Bloom, Araluen, Arum, Asami, Ash, Ashleigh, Ashley, Aster, Artremisia, Ayano, Azalea, Azami
Basil, Begonia, Belladonna, Bellossom, Berry, Bloom, Blooms, Blossom, Bluebell, Botan, Bougainvillea, Briar Rose, Briony, Bryony, Buttercup, Byakuren
Calanthe, Calla (Lily), Camellia, Campion, Carmilla, Carnation, Cassia, Cedar, Celandine, Cerise, Cherry, Cherry Blossom, Chloe, Chrysanthemum, Clove, Clover, Cosmo, Crocus, Cucumber, Cynthia
Dahlia, Daisy, Dandelion, Daphne, Daphnes, Delphine, Delphinium, Dendro, Dendrobium, Diantha, Dianthus
Eglantine, Elanor, Erica, Erika
Fearne, Fields, Ficus, Fig, Fleur, Fleur de Lis, Fleur-de-Lys, Flora, Florence, Flores, Flower, Flower in the Night, Flowey, Flox, Forsythia, Foxglove, Fuchsia, Fuji, Fujiwara, Fuuka
Gardenia, Garlic, Gentian, Geranium, Gladiolus, Gladion, Goldmary, Guzma
Hana, Hanadera, Hanajima, Hanako, Hanami, Hanasaki, Haruka, Hau, Hazel, Heather, Hemlock, Hibiscus, Hinata, Holly, Hollyhock, Hollyleaf, Honeysuckle, Hortense, Hortensia, Hua, Hyacinth, Hyacinthe, Hyacinthus
Iantha, Ianthe, Ibaraki, Iolanthe, Iris, Itsuki, Ivy
Jacinda, Jaskier, Jasmine, Jessamine, Jessamy, Juniper
Kalen, Kalina, Kanon, Kasen, Katniss, Kiku, Kikyo, Kiryu, Kiwi, Kugisaki, Kukui, Kuroba
Laura, Laurel, Lauren, Lavender, Leif, Lemon, Lian, Liana, Lilac, Lili, Lilia, Lilian, LilianaLilium, Liliya, Lilja, Lillian, Lilliana, Lillie, Lillium, Lilly, Lily, Lime, Linnea, Lusamine, Lychee
Magnolia, Mallow, Mandelstam, Maple, Margaret, Marguerite, Marigold, Marlowe, Meadow, Mei, Mentha, Miki, Mimosa, Mint, Minty, Momo, Momoka, Moobloom, Myrrh, Myrrha, Myrtle
Nadeshiko, Narcissus, Nasreen, Nemona, Nepeta,
Orange Blossom, Orchid
Padma, Padmé, Pema, Peasley Peony, Pepper, Periwinkle, Pervinca, Petunia, Pimpernel, Plumeria, Poppy, Posey, Posy, Potpourri, Primrose, Pumpkinhead
Quince
Ran, Rapunzel, Raspberry, Ren, Riko, Ringo, Roisin, Rosa, Rosalie, Rosalina, Rosalind, Rosaline, Rosamund, Rosalyne, Rose, Rosella, Roseluck, Rosemary, Rosemaster, Ronsencrantz, Rosethorn, Rosetta, Rosie, Rosita, Rozaliya, Rue
Sage, Saki, Sakuko, Sakura, Salvia, Samantha, Seagrass, Sensui, Sequoia, Smilax, Sour Grapes, Sprig, Spruce, Strelitzia, Sue, Sumire, Sumireko, Susan, Susannah, Susie, Suzanne, Sweet Grapes, Sylvester, Sylvia, Sylvie
Tamar, Tamara, Tansy, Thalia, Thistlefoot, Thorn, Toph, Tsubaki, Tsubomi, Tulip, Turnip, Twoflower
Utena
Vanilla, Vasily, Venus, Veronica, Viola, Violet, Violetta
Whitley, Willow, Wisteria,
Xion, Xochitl
Yasamin, Yasmin, Yasmina, Yotsuba, Yuri
Zara, Zahra, Zinnia, Zisu, Zhou Xu
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eddysocs · 2 years
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Home Sweet Toledo (Max Klinger x OC)
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Summary: Klinger is feeling particularly homesick, and Cynthia comes up with an idea that may be just the remedy he needs.
Word Count: 1,334
Warnings: None
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Homesick was a word anyone would use to describe Klinger. It seemed to be his defining personality trait at times, and usually he dealt with it well, one crazy scheme after the next. But sometimes it really showed in a far more serious and somber manner. And Cynthia understood it. Hell, she felt that way herself every now and again. Who wouldn’t in a war torn country like Korea? But for as long as she’d been with the 4077th, she’d never seen him quite like this.
He was quiet, keeping to himself, and didn’t do much more than kick rocks around with the toe of his high heels unless something was asked of him, and even then his task wasn’t done with its usual muster. Cynthia couldn’t see him go on like that any longer. Maybe he’d given up trying to go home on a Section 8, but that didn’t mean a bit of home couldn’t come here to him.
Naturally, as her plan started to form, she saw no better option than to recruit Hawkeye and Trapper to help make it happen. "So, it’s like this," Cynthia began, barging into the Swamp.
"Oh no, Bugs, what’s Daffy gonna get us into this time," Trapper cracked, making Hawkeye laugh.
"Very funny," Cynthia deadpanned, clearly not amused. "I'm trying to do something nice, and if anyone can help me convince everyone to buck up and join, it’s the two of you."
Seeing the serious look on her face, Hawkeye replied, "Alright, what’s the plan?"
Cynthia outlined her idea to the two of them, telling them how she wanted to make a sort of mock Mud Hens game for Klinger to make him feel like he’s back in Toledo.
"Sounds fun," Trapper said when Cynthia finished explaining.
"A lot better than sitting here knitting," Hawkeye agreed.
"Then you’re in? I can count on you?"
"Can’t say we can whip a professional baseball team into shape overnight, but yeah, we'll get you your players. Just as long as you promise us that you get some of the nurses to be our cheerleaders," Hawkeye bargained.
"Cheerleaders? In baseball," Cynthia questioned.
"It'll boost morale," Trapper reasoned, with an impish grin on his face.
"Fine. Cheerleaders. Got it. Shouldn’t be too hard."
So Cynthia began her recruitment for cheerleaders, stopping off first at the nurses tent. There was a good few of them that were on board as soon as she’d pitched the idea. The ones who weren’t so keen agreed to be spectators, so all in all, she fared pretty well with her end of the deal. It’d be a bonus if she could get Margaret as well.
To her utter shock, her visit to Margaret's tent went surprisingly well. Cynthia figured a game of baseball was hardly military enough for her to approve of, but she got on board with the idea rather quickly. "I haven’t worn a skirt in what feels like ages. Sure, I’ll be a cheerleader." With such a satisfactory reply, Cynthia had merely thanked her and went on her way.
The following morning Cynthia checked in with Hawkeye and Trapper. "Got me my teams yet?"
"Still working on it. A few people are being rather stubborn about playing their role." Hawkeye shot a sidelong glance over to Frank, making sure that he knew he was talking about him. Frank only harrumphed.
"We got a lot of spectators though," supplied Trapper. "And Radar offered to be the announcer. We're participating, of course, and we got Henry and a few other guys to fill the field. We just need a catcher."
"Frank, you mean," Cynthia surmised.
"That’s what we were hoping," Trapper confirmed.
"I think I can persuade him." Cynthia gave a knowing wink, having just the ace up her sleeve to get Major Burns in on the game, whether he wanted to or not. And with that it was back to Margaret.
"Game's set for Friday afternoon, bearing in mind we don’t get a surge of casualties. We’ve got enough cheerleaders and almost two whole teams. We just need one catcher. Any chance you can convince Major Burns?"
"Like you even have to ask. I’ll have him suited up and on the field before you can say ‘home run'."
"Thank you, Major."
Finally, with everything in order, Friday afternoon had arrived. Cynthia made sure everyone was in position, save for Colonel Blake, who was set on his task of keeping Klinger busy and unaware of the surprise that awaited him. It was Radar's announcement to kick off the game that was Henry's cue to take Klinger back outside.
"What’s all this, sir," he asked, taking in the makeshift baseball diamond drawn in the dirt.
"It’s a little taste of home. A certain nurse noticed how much you were missing old Ohio and set this whole thing up just for you."
"You mean…Cynthia did all this?"
"She had a little help, but yeah. All her idea. Now if you’ll excuse me, I have to get on the field. And I think there’s a front row seat with your name on it."
Klinger went over and grabbed the empty chair in the front as he took in the spectacle of the game. There were the 'Indianapolis Indians', which were just white shirts with the lettering written on with black markers. And then his team, the Toledo Mud Hens. Only one real jersey was on the field. Cynthia, who stood at the pitcher's mound, was wearing it, and had probably taken it from his tent earlier. The rest of the team was in gray, again with the team name handwritten, in red this time. Messy as it was, he had to admire the effort.
As the game played on, Klinger found himself as caught up in the action as if he were at a real Mud Hens game. It was far from professional, as the strength of Cynthia's pitches sometimes knocked Frank over or made him scream in fear as he attempted to play his role of catcher. But the rest of the participants proved to be adequate at the game.
Cynthia found herself thankful that they’d made it a whole nine innings without interruption from choppers. She really couldn’t have asked for anything better when she’d envisioned her plan coming together. And one last swing was going to determine if the 'Mud Hens' won or not. Cynthia sent the pitch flying towards Frank, counting on Hawkeye striking out. God love him, but he wasn’t the most athletic. Though that worked out in her favor as the pitch sailed into Frank's glove.
Cynthia cheered, as did the rest of her makeshift team as they claimed the win. After a moment of celebration, Cynthia locked eyes with Klinger and waved him over. As the team disbanded after a group hug, Cynthia and Klinger were left alone in the middle of the improvised baseball diamond. "You pulled all of this together for me?"
"Of course I did," Cynthia replied, as if it were obvious that she’d do such a thing, and Klinger supposed that it actually was. "I know it’s not really Toledo, or the Mud Hens, but I hope it brought you a little taste of home."
"Oh, it did, but uh, I’m not sure I've ever wanted to kiss a Mud Hens player before?"
"First time for everything," Cynthia teased, before enveloping Klinger in her arms, dipping him low and kissing him. The rest of the 4077th that had stuck around whooped and hollered, egging them on. Klinger had to hold onto his hat to keep it from falling off his head. Cynthia kept him balanced by grabbing onto his thigh before she eventually let him up on his own two feet again.
"Next time you’re feeling homesick, just talk to me, okay? I don’t think I can get everyone to do this again."
Klinger grinned and Cynthia smiled back at him, happy to see the cheerful look return to his face. "You got yourself a deal."
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Cynthia Swanson: @borg-queer, @sicktember
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jcmarchi · 2 months
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2024 MacVicar Faculty Fellows named
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/2024-macvicar-faculty-fellows-named/
2024 MacVicar Faculty Fellows named
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Four outstanding undergraduate teachers and mentors have been named MacVicar Faculty Fellows: professor of electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) Karl Berggren, professor of political science Andrea Campbell, associate professor of music Emily Richmond Pollock, and professor of EECS Vinod Vaikuntanathan.
For more than 30 years, the MacVicar Faculty Fellows Program has recognized exemplary and sustained contributions to undergraduate education at MIT. The program is named in honor of Margaret MacVicar, MIT’s first dean for undergraduate education and founder of the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP).
New fellows are chosen each year through a highly competitive nomination process. They receive an annual stipend and are appointed to a 10-year term. Nominations, including letters of support from colleagues, students, and alumni, are reviewed by an advisory committee led by vice chancellor Ian Waitz with final selections made by provost Cynthia Barnhart.
Role models both in and out of the classroom, Berggren, Campbell, Pollock, and Vaikuntanathan join an elite academy of scholars from across the Institute who are committed to curricular innovation; exceptional teaching; collaboration with colleagues; and supporting students through mentorship, leadership, and advising.
Karl Berggren
“It is a great honor to have been selected for this fellowship. It has particularly made me remember the years of dedicated mentoring and support that I’ve received from my colleagues,” says Karl Berggren. “I’ve also learned a great deal over this period from our students by way of their efforts and thoughtful feedback. MIT continuously strives for excellence in undergraduate education, and I feel very lucky to have been part of that effort.”
Karl Berggren is the Joseph F. and Nancy P. Keithley Professor in the Department of EECS. He received his PhD from Harvard University and his BA in physics from Harvard College. Berggren joined MIT in 1996 as a staff member at Lincoln Laboratory before becoming an assistant professor in 2003. He regularly teaches undergraduate EECS offerings including 6.2000, formerly 6.002 (Electrical Circuits), and 6.3400, formerly 6.02 (Introduction to EECS via Communication Networks).
Sahil Pontula ’23 writes, “Professor Berggren turned 6.002 from a mere course requirement into a truly memorable experience that shaped my current research interests and provided a unique perspective … He is devoted not just to educating the next generation of engineers, but also to imbuing in them interdisciplinary problem-solving perspectives that push the frontiers of science forward.”
MacVicar Fellow and professor of EECS Jeffrey Lang notes, “His lectures are polished, presented with humor, and well-appreciated by his students.” Senior Tiffany Louie adds: “He connects with us, inspires us, and welcomes us to ask questions in class and in the greater electrical engineering field.”
Berggren is also deeply invested in the art and science of teaching. Tomás Palacios, professor of EECS, says, “Professor Berggren is genuinely interested in continuously improving the educational experience of our students. He approaches this in the same methodological and quantitative way we typically approach research. He is well-versed in the most modern theories about learning and he is always happy to share … relevant books and papers on the subject.”
Lang agrees, noting that Berggren “reads articles and books that examine and discuss how learning occurs so that he can become a more effective teacher.” He goes on to recall a conversation in which Berggren explained a new form of homework grading. Instead of reducing grades for errors that did not render an obviously flawed result, he helps students extract key takeaways from their assignments and come to correct solutions on their own. Lang notes that a key benefit of this approach is that it allows graders to “work much more quickly yet carefully” and “provides them more time to spend on giving helpful feedback.”
Adding to his long list of contributions, Berggren also oversees the EECS teaching labs. Since assuming this role, he has pursued changes to ensure that students feel comfortable and confident using the space for both coursework and outside projects, developing their critical thinking and hands-on skills.
Faculty head and professor of electrical engineering Joel Voldman applauds Berggren’s efforts: “Since [he] has taken over, the labs are now a place for projects of all sorts, with students being trained on various processes, parts being easy to obtain, equipment readily available … His fundamental mantra has been to make a space that serves students, meets them where they’re at, and helps them get to where they want to go.”
Andrea Campbell
Andrea Campbell received her BA in social studies from Harvard University and her MA and PhD in political science from the University of California at Berkeley. She joined MIT’s Department of Political Science in 2005 and is currently the Arthur and Ruth Sloan Professor of Political Science and director of undergraduate studies.
Professor Campbell regularly teaches classes 17.30 (Making Public Policy), 17.315 (Health Policy), and 17.317 (U.S. Social Policy). Her research examines the relationships between public policies, public opinion, and political behavior.
A unique aspect of Campbell’s teaching style is the personal approach she brings. In 17.315, Campbell shared her own experiences following a tragic accident in her family, which highlighted the real-life challenges that many face navigating America’s health care system.
According to David Singer, department head and the Raphael Dorman-Helen Starbuck Professor of Political Science, Campbell “weaves personal experience into her teaching in powerful ways … Her openness about her experience permits students to share their own … thereby strengthening their own engagement with the material.”
Singer goes on to say, “In all of her classes, [she] encourages students to examine policymaking not as a technocratic exercise, or an exercise of optimization, but rather as a process infused with politics. In steering her pedagogy in this way, she shows her students how to understand the identity and interests of different groups in society, where their relative power emanates from, and how the rules and institutions of the U.S. political system shape policy outcomes on critical issues like LGBTQ rights, gun control, military intervention, and health care.”
Students say her classes are incredibly impactful, lingering with them for years to come. Her former teaching assistant, now Harvard professor, Justin de Benedictus-Kessner wrote, “Andrea’s talents have been an enormous asset … I have seen how many of her former undergraduate students have gone on to successful careers adjacent to her field of public policy in large part because of her inspiration.” Echoing this sentiment, Julia H. Ginder ’19 writes, “her lessons and mentorship have impacted my day-to-day life and career trajectory even five years after graduation.”
Campbell’s work set the stage for wide-ranging improvements to the Course 17 curriculum and under her leadership, public policy has become the most popular minor in the department. Singer writes, “She ensures that required classes in political institutions, economics, and substantive policy areas are regularly taught, and she proselytizes … to students about the importance of understanding policymaking, especially to [those] in engineering and sciences who might otherwise overlook this critically important domain.”
Campbell is heavily involved with undergraduate advising at the department, school, and Institute levels. She is a popular sponsor of UROPs and attracts many undergraduate researchers each year. Campbell is also co-chair of the Gender Equity Committee in the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (SHASS) and the Subcommittee on the Communication Requirement (SOCR).
“It is clear that Andrea takes undergraduate teaching extraordinarily seriously, not just when designing her own classes, but when leading the undergraduate program in our department,” says Adam Berinsky, the Mitsui Professor of Political Science.
Beyond her many pedagogical and curricular accomplishments, Singer notes: “Andrea’s students consistently tout her extraordinary degree of personal engagement. She takes the time to get to know students, to mentor them outside the classroom, and to keep them energized in the classroom. Many express gratitude for Andrea’s willingness to go the extra mile — by staying late after class, holding extra office hours, and even inviting students to her home for Thanksgiving dinner.”
On receiving this award Campbell writes, “I am so grateful to my colleagues and students for taking the time to nominate me and so honored to be selected. Teaching and mentoring MIT students is such a joy. I am well aware that some students come through my door just to fulfill a requirement. Others come with genuine enthusiasm and interest. Either way, I love watching them discover how fascinating political science is and how relevant politics and policymaking are for their lives and their futures.”
Emily Richmond Pollock
“I am truly thrilled to become a MacVicar Faculty Fellow. Working with the undergraduates at MIT is such a gift in itself. When I teach, I can only strive to match the students’ creativity and commitment with my own,” says Emily Richmond Pollock.
Pollock joined MIT’s faculty in 2012. She received her BA in music from Harvard University in 2006 and her MA and PhD in music history and literature from the University of California at Berkeley in 2008 and 2012. She was awarded MIT’s Arthur C. Smith Award for meaningful contributions and devotion to undergraduate student life and learning in 2019 and the James A. and Ruth Levitan Teaching Award from the SHASS in 2020. She currently serves on the SOCR, the Subcommittee on the HASS requirements, and is the inaugural undergraduate chair in the SHASS.
Pollock is a dedicated mentor and advisor and testimonials highlight her commitment to student well-being and intellectual development. “Professor Emily Richmond Pollock is a kind, intentional, and dedicated teacher and advisor,” says senior Katherine Reisig. “By fostering such a welcoming community, she helps the MIT music department be a better place. It is clear … [she] cares deeply about her students, not only that we are doing well academically, but also that we are succeeding in life and doing well mentally.”
MacVicar Faculty Fellow and associate professor of literature Marah Gubar agrees: “Emily has long served as a role model for how to support the ‘whole student’ in ways that build community, right wrongs, and infuse more humanity and beauty into our campus.”
MIT colleagues and students praise Pollock’s extensive contributions to curriculum development at the introductory and advanced levels. She regularly teaches class 21M.011 (Introduction to Western Music) and courses on opera, symphonic repertoire, and the advanced seminar for music majors. Her lectures provide lively learning experiences in which her students are encouraged to think critically about music and culture, dive into unfamiliar operas with curiosity, and compare dramatic elements across time periods.
“I came away from 21M.011 not only with a better understanding of Western music, but with new curiosities and questions about music’s role in the world. Professor Pollock’s teaching made me want to learn more — it encouraged lifelong discovery, curiosity, and education,” Reisig says.
Associate professor of music and MacVicar Faculty Fellow Patricia Tang writes, “Professor Pollock continues to grow as a leader in pedagogical innovation, transforming the music history curriculum and being a true inspiration to her colleagues in her devotion to her students. Though these subjects existed in the course catalog before Pollock’s arrival, in all cases she has radically transformed them, infusing new energy and excitement into the curriculum.”
Pollock also champions issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the arts and is dedicated to making classical music and opera more accessible while maintaining the intellectual prestige applauded by students. She encourages students to embrace lesser-known works and step outside their comfort zone, even taking students to the opera herself. She has a “strong interest in anti-racist pedagogies and decolonizing music curriculum … [her] pedagogical innovations are numerous,” Tang observes.
About her impact as an advisor, Tang notes: “Professor Pollock genuinely loves getting to know her students … it is really her ‘superpower.’ It is her mission to make sure [they] are not just surviving but thriving in their first year.”
Senior Hana Ro agrees: “Under her guidance, my academic journey has been transformed, and I have gained not only a profound understanding of [this] subject matter but also a sense of belonging and encouragement that has been invaluable during my time at MIT.”
Furthermore, Pollock ensures that students never feel isolated or alone. Graduate student Frederick Ajisafe says, “If she knew that a cohort was taking a demanding class, she would check in with us … In all cases, Emily emphasized her belief in our ability to succeed and her willingness to help us get there.”
Vinod Vaikuntanathan
Vinod Vaikuntanathan is a professor in the Department of EECS. He received his bachelor’s degree in computer science from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2003 and his SM and PhD degrees in computer science from MIT in 2005 and 2009. Vaikuntanathan joined the faculty in 2013 and in recognition of his contributions to teaching and service to students, he received the Harold E. Edgerton Faculty Achievement Award in 2017 and the Ruth and Joel Spira Award for Distinguished Teaching in 2016.
Vaikuntanathan has taught all three EECS undergraduate theoretical computer science subjects including 6.1210, formerly 6.006 (Introduction to Algorithms); 6.1200, formerly 6.042 (Mathematics for Computer Science); and 6.1220, formerly 6.046 (Design and Analysis of Algorithms).
Students say his classes are challenging, yet approachable and inclusive. Helen Propson ’24 writes, “He excels at making complex subjects like cryptography accessible and captivating for all students, creating an atmosphere where every student’s input is highly regarded. He embraces questions and leaves students feeling inspired and motivated to tackle challenging problems, fostering a sense of confidence and a belief in their own abilities.” She goes on to say, “He often describes intricate concepts as ‘magical,’ and his enthusiasm is contagious, making the material come alive in the classroom.”
MIT alumna Anne Kim concurs: “His teaching style is characterized by its clarity, enthusiasm, and a genuine passion for the subject matter. In his classes, he managed to distill complex algorithms into digestible concepts, making the material accessible to students with varying levels of expertise.”
Vaikuntanathan has also made significant contributions to the EECS curriculum. In spring 2022, he, along with fellow professors in the department, led an effort to improve 6.046. According to professor of EECS and MacVicar Fellow Srini Devadas, “designing a new lecture for 6.046 is not easy. Each new lecture is, typically, days of prep work, including preparing to … give the lecture itself and writing and testing problem set questions, quiz questions, and quiz practice questions. Vinod did all this with skill, aplomb, and enthusiasm. His contributions have had a permanent and beneficial effect on 6.046.”
Widely known for his work in cryptography, including homomorphic encryption and computational complexity, Vaikuntanathan became the lecturer-in-charge of the department’s first theoretical cryptography offering, 6.875. In addition, as the fields of quantum and post-quantum cryptography have grown, “Vinod has added relevant modules to the syllabus, taking the place of topics which had grown obsolete,” Devadas remarks. “Some professors might see teaching the same class multiple times as a chance to save themselves work by reusing the same materials. Vinod sees teaching 6.875 every fall as an opportunity to keep improving the class.”
Vinod Vaikuntanathan is also a devoted mentor and advisor, assisting with first-year UROPs and encouraging students to take advantage of his “open-door” policy. Kim writes that Professor Vaikuntanathan is benefiting her career still as “his mentorship … extends beyond the classroom through his research” and that he “has mentored and advised dozens of [her] friends in the cryptography space.”
“His encouraging demeanor sets a remarkable example of the kind of teacher every student hopes to encounter during their academic career,” says Propson.
On becoming a MacVicar Faculty Fellow Vaikuntanathan writes, “It is humbling to be in the company of such amazing teachers and mentors, many of whom I have come to think of as my role models. Many thanks to my colleagues and my students for considering me worthy of this honor.”
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perfettamentechic · 2 years
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2 gennaio … ricordiamo …
2 gennaio … ricordiamo … #semprevivineiricordi #nomidaricordare #personaggiimportanti #perfettamentechic #felicementechic #lynda
2018: Frank Buxton,  è stato un attore, scrittore televisivo, autore e regista televisivo americano. (n. 1930) 2012: Silvana Gallardo, Sandra Silvana Gallardo, è stata un’attrice cinematografica e televisiva americana. Era la madre dell’attore Darren E. Burrows, avuto dall’attore Billy Drago sposata dal 1980. (n. 1953) 2011: Anne Francis, Anne Lloyd Francis attrice statunitense. (n. 1930) 1995:…
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yamayuandadu · 3 years
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A hidden world that never was: witch cults, matriarchal prehistory and contemporary conspiracy theories
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As regular readers of this blog might already know, a particular woe of my online activity over the course of the past year were constant reminders that discussion of history, mythology and religion online is often dominated by dubious, outdated or outright fraudulent claims. Worst of all, this is generally not the result of misguided theories which seemed sound when they were first formulated – there were plenty of these in the history of modern historiography after all, as eventually many research methods are replaced by even better ones (even these of 19th archaeologists whose ideals are not completely baffling to us often relied on excavation methods which would rightfully shock everyone if employed today), and more and more blanks in our understanding of the past are filled. For example, it used to be unclear to researchers if classical Maya predate the Olmec due to insufficient material, while the importance of the Hittite civilization in the ancient Middle East was severely underestimated due to scarcity of discoveries prior to the last 100 years or so. Even properly identifying all the trading partners of well known ancient civilizations with a large corpus of primary sources, such as Sumer or Egypt, can be described as a long, arduous and arguably still ongoing process, with many mistaken assumptions made in the past. The claims which I will attempt to describe here - the so-called witch cult hypothesis, as well as its close relatives, the claims about universal matriarchal religion (the “myth of matriarchal prehistory,” as Cynthia Eller called it) and the foundations of certain new religious movements – cannot be simply described as examples of these, though. As I will demonstrate, they're simply pseudohistory, firmly entrenched in a modern phenomenon which can be referred to as “conspirituality.”
Our journey through the world of historical misinformation begins in the 18th century. The age of enlightenment largely put an end to a fixture of earlier european history, the witch hunts, and historians started to present them as an abuse of power by the church and senseless, baseless violence, while the people who perished in them started to be rightfully seen as innocent victims claimed by what was essentially a historical equivalent of phenomena such as satanic panic, NWO/reptilian conspiracy theories or the sadly very politically relevant at the moment Qanon movement. Modern researchers, especially Norman Cohn, pointed out that there was also a strong antisemitic component to many witch trials, and even the terms used appear to often intentionally demonize or mock Judaism, and reports of the purported witches' activities often mirror the medieval blood libel, rather than any known descriptions of religions of antiquity. Cohn also notes that adapting the idea that witch hunts were linked to blood libel and similar accusations does make for a coherent chronology, while the various “witch cult” and “pagan survival” theories have a glaring issue – they seldom answer any questions about events taking place during the entire time period between the adoption of christianity and times in which witch hunts occurred, different for individual countries. 19th century sadly changed the approach to the history of witch hunts – as the new philosophical movements born in that era aimed to often undermine or subvert the age of reason and its accomplishments (flawed as they were, obviously), the consensus on the past witch hunts likewise started to be challenged. A number of figures regarded as very conservative back then, let alone by modern standards, like Karl Ernst Jarcke, a fanatical monarchist, started advancing the idea that witch hunts were a war waged by the church and its righteous supporters on a nefarious cult, similar to the secret societies common in conspiracy theories advanced by his peers. As the 19th century was also the time when nationalism in the modern sense was born, the theories of Jarcke and his followers had a notably xenophobic flair to them – the “witch cult” was introduced to Germany by slaves and other undesirables, who based it on the religion of ancient Greece, and especially Hecate worship (read: on medieval christian criticisms of it – I debunked some claims present here as well in my Hecate article from last year; also note the idea of Hecate being the goddess of a “pan-european witchcraft cult” remains popular with modern neopagans and wiccans, despite its nefarious origin and inaccuracy) and aimed to overthrow rightful authority of the monarchs and the Catholic church (this was also meant to serve as a rather blunt attack on their liberal contemporaries, presented as godless and anarchic). Similar claims were also advanced in England by Karl Pearson, a mathematician and eugenicist who for some reason decided to dabble in pseudohistory. His notable claim was that Joan of Arc was a priestess of a hidden, malevolent “matriarchal religion” - an accusation so outlandish it would likely even shock her earlier accusers, and one of the few pieces of pseudohistory discussed here I haven't seen adapted by any modern purveyors of it.
While Jarcke  is the earliest figure I opted to bring up here, the one whom I'd actually consider worthy of being referred to a the father of the discussed network of puzzling hoaxes and misconceptions was Charles Godfrey Leland, a late 19th century American author. While seemingly a relatively progressive person for his time in some regards (he was an abolitionist – not a high bar, though), he had no real issue with altering, falsifying and entirely fabricating claims (or even artifacts) and publishing them as result of genuine fieldwork. His “impressive” accomplishments include altering a number of Algonquian tales he published as genuine oral tradition merely compiled and translated by him. His aim was seemingly to provide evidence for an outlandish theory that the beliefs and religious practices of the people forming the historical Wabanaki Confederation were derived from Vikings, an example of the ignoble tradition present in early American scholarship aiming to strip indigenous peoples of their history and accomplishments (its main legacy is the so-called “mound builder myth”). His another particularly harmful contribution was the fabrication known as “Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches,” which he presented as a genuine religious text shared with him by a purported informant in Italy, who was herself a witch. Needless to say neither the work itself nor even the informant appear to be real, and “Aradia” is quite clearly an attempt to sell similar lies as these formed by Jarcke and his ilk to a new audience. Leland wasn't the first to attempt that –  famous French historian Jules Michelet tried to put a progressive spin on witch cult conspiracy theories over 30 years earlier (rather puzzling decision, considering he was the exact kind of person Jarcke reviled and equated with his made up satanic conspiracy – a lifelong secular and republican activist) – but he was the first to present his work as anything other than speculation, and the first whose work gained widespread attention (Michelet's witch-related ventures were treated as an oddity disconnected from the rest of his career). “Aradia” presents a fanciful account of a hidden society of witches venerating the eponymous “Aradia,” a daughter of Diana and Lucifer (sic). Leland claimed that the rituals described in the book probably are a remnant of Etruscan religion, at the time barely researched and still somewhat mysterious today; however the book also claims that Aradia was a medieval figure involved in the struggle between feudal peasants and local landowners – consistency is not its strongest suit. The author also chaotically speculated about his own claims, providing us with such smash hits as equating the biblical Herodias with largely extrabiblical Lilith. There are many well documented instances of religious syncretism in antiquity, some of them even involving historical or semi-historical figures, but none line particularly well with these made by Leland. Rather importantly, none of his claims line up particularly well with the medieval accounts related to purported witchcraft, or any confessions obtained during witch trials. None of them fit with archaeological records, either. They do line rather well with what one could expect from a 19th century hoax prepared by someone with only a vague sense of dedication to uncovering historical truth, though. To a a modern reader claims such as the existence of entire networks of “heathen villages” in Italy are easy to recognize as belonging to the 19th century tradition of “noble savage” literature. Similar ideas were further developed by Margaret Murray from the 1910s onward. Murray made history as the first woman to teach Egyptology professionally in Britain, and was an accomplished archaeologist, but her expertise in one field doesn't exactly balance the fact that ultimately most of her academic work was centered on pursuing increasingly puzzling lies and promoting them to the general public from a position of scholarly authority. Like some of the figures discussed in earlier sections of this article, she claimed that well known accounts of witch hunts were in fact the persecution of a “pan-european religion,” a claim which raises many red flags for anyone even vaguely familiar with history of ancient religions. A particularly heinous aspect of Murray's work was dismissing the fact that many aspects of witch-related texts, including the fact their gatherings were referred to as “sabbaths,” were simply rooted in antisemitism – it's virtually impossible to deny it, considering sometimes even the term “synagogue” was used as well. In her writing there was room for a large scale organized religion unknown to historians, but there was no room for even just attempting to address a very real legacy of religious intolerance. Instead, she created fanciful etymologies for terms blatantly intended to demonize Judaism to disconnect them from their very real legacy of still socially relevant hate. Note this is not something that was only noted in very recent times – Norman Cohn, who was the first author to write extensively about the similarities between religious persecution in ancient Rome, medieval witch hunts, blood libel and totalitarian purges was almost Murray's contemporary! A concept invented by Murray which gained particularly wide recognition among all sorts of fans of dubious claims was the idea of “horned god.” Using disconnected, inconclusive evidence, she claimed that every single horned male figure from every single system of beliefs – Pan, Amon, the Minotaur and other Minoan depictions of bulls, the “master of animals” seals recovered from various Indus Valley Civilization sites, Cerunnos and more – represent a single figure, which was also the central god of her made up witch religion. Naturally, the deities in mention aren't really connected with each other, and fulfilled very different roles in very different societies and time periods. It is possible to make some generalizations about different gods and point out certain archetypes do repeat quite often across mythologies – for example many middle eastern mythologies featured a warlike goddess often with femme fatale characteristics, there are examples of unruly storm gods fighting dragons in a wide variety of cultures, plague-repelling gods serving as afterlife officials are widespread in east Asia, and so on. However, any claims about universal deities worshiped all over the world from the neolithic to present times are nothing but hyperdiffusionism, a long discredited pseudohistorical theory seeking to find a common origin for a given aspect of many cultures. Murray's later followers for some reason ignore some notable aspects of her creed – the firm belief a race of fairies inhabited Britain and shared the faith of the witches, but eventually went extinct, the notion that some English kings died as ritual sacrifices, and the claim Joan of Arc was a witch and adherent of the religion she claimed to “research”. I feel like it's very important to underline that to Murray the existence of fairies and gnomes was more plausible than the existence of religious prejudice still widespread among her contemporaries, which tells you a lot about what sort of person she was. Due to limited interest in relevant topics among more credible historians, Murray's views went unchallenged, and she even managed to secure a spot for them on the pages of Encyclopedia Britannica – her confabulations were only removed in the 1960s, after the damage was done. Murray's baffling works inspired many further writers. Among them, a particularly notable example was Robert Graves – while his main interests and theories differed from Murray's, he was undeniably inspired by her idea of “forbidden” religious remnants and universal deities going back to the stone age. He also embraced the idea of a hidden witch cult existing in England in historical times, though unlike Murray he saw it as matriarchal. Graves was a poet and writer by trade, and for all intents and purposes pretty successful one at that – it's probably his writing style to which the lasting popularity of his works can be attributed. Sadly, their worth as texts about history of religion is dubious at best. The core idea behind Graves' writing was the existence of an universal goddess figure possessing three aspects, which he usually referred to as virgin, mother and crone, though he was not very consistent about it. This figure, in his mind, united the legacy of ancient Greece and Celts and their art (he did not address the much more significant similarities between the culture of ancient Greeks and their eastern neighbors, though – sorry, Carians, Phrygians, Phoenicians etc., you're not cool enough for mr. Graves). He further spread these ideas with his retellings of Greek myth published in the 1950s. A particularly prominent victim of Graves' theories was Hecate, whose modern popular perception was shaped largely by him and later writers who embraced him, and not by historical sources. It's worth noting that Graves' goddess theory was likely in part a way to essentially “mythologize” his encounters with his many lovers, and thus provide a religious justification for having multiple “muses” (some of them teenage) – at least one of them was appalled by this. He notably claimed that contacts with the “triple goddess” were the only source of “true” poetry, and thus she and her many guises were the ultimate muse. It's rather notable that there was pretty clearly no room for female artists in his vision, even though he claimed it to be a celebration of femininity – women were presumably meant to be inspiration, but not authors themselves. Graves' vision of the ideal world was so matriarchal it looped back into being grotesquely misogynistic. While I can think of a few positive things to say about Leland (committed union supporter and abolitionist), Murray (genuinely accomplished archaeologist before she sacrificed her career on the altar of pseudohistory) and even Graves (seemingly entertaining writer – if only he admitted basically all his works are fantasy perhaps he could be remembered as a Tolkien-like figure!), I fail to see a single positive thing about the next person whose legacy I will discuss, Gerald Gardener. His moral conduit was questionable at best, he claimed to possess degrees from universities which did not exist, and his work was nothing but layer upon layer of fiction. Gardener was even more of a disciple of Murray than Graves – indeed, he even knew her personally. He took her theories to the logical extreme, by basically making them into religious dogma – the new religious movement of wicca. While he claimed to merely present what he learned from a “surviving coven” of genuine witches, the inconsistent nature of his writing, his participation in fringe esoteric movements long before his “discovery” and the fact he relied mostly on sources like Murray's books, Leland's “Aradia” and the works of Aleister Crowley are evident, and make it easy to disregard all of his statements as pure fiction. It doesn't exactly help his case that he kept revealing new fragments of purportedly ancient doctrine as he saw fit merely to gain the upper hand in arguments between him and his fellow practitioners of invented religion, claiming them to be law. He adopted Murray's horned god, but elevated his consort to the rank of a full blown divinity, something not found in Murray's writing. His arguably most notable successor was Doreen Valiente. Her main contribution to wicca was forming a new version of the Charge of the Goddess, a prayer or hymn to the “great mother” - a composite wiccan entity similar to Graves' triple goddess (and outright conflated with the latter by some wiccans and other neopagans – as far as I can tell the first to do so was a contemporary of Gardener, Robert Cochrance, who claimed the term is “genuine” rather than an invention of a 20th century writer...). Both Gardener's and Valiente's versions of it and other, newer ones are responsible for spreading false information forcing various disconnected goddesses into the “great mother” or “mother earth” mold. Particularly grating examples include Hecate, who was described by Greeks as a virgin goddess and Inanna, Ishtar and Astarte who were at times associated with sensual love or even fertility (the extent of that has been sometimes overestimated in the past, though – a specific myth depicting a figure as seductive is not quite the same as an association with fertility in religious worship) but were not mother goddesses in any meaning of this term.
A notable episode from Valiente's life was her participation in a neonazi movement, specifically in the organizations National Front and Northern League. The association between nazism and conspirituality of the sort discussed here wasn't new – indeed, at least some nazi officials showed interest in investigating it in hopes of constructing a “truly aryan” religion, so it should come as no surprise that early wiccans likewise often had far right sympathies. Ultimately an argument can be made that the entire field is basically a hyper-conservative fantasy, which I will discuss more later. Sadly, despite her far right sympathies, Valiente remained a celebrated figure in certain circles focused on intentionally obscuring history for the rest of her life, and she can be arguably credited with making wicca into the global phenomenon it is now. It's also worth noting that while some contemporary neopagans sneer at followers of, say, ufo-oriented new age groups, Valiente and her peers embraced that as well, and Atlantis and ley lines feature prominently in her writing. Valiente was also well aware that much of Gardener's writing was completely made up (or plagiarized –  for example from a Rudyard Kipling poem of all things), even his grimoire, “Book of Shadows” - instead of exposing it she aimed to “improve” his works and continue the hoax. As a side note, it should be said that some other pioneers of wicca were likewise people of dubious moral character – while not a neonazi, Alex Sanders stole from and defecated in a library, for example. However, the history of this specific brand of pseudohistory doesn't end here! While in the 1960s and 1970s the theories of Graves and Murray were debunked over and over again by credible, experienced scholars, a brand new type of pseudohistorical ideas arose, influenced in part by works like Graves' “White Goddess” - the so-called “goddess movement.” However, while it definitely has Graves' fingerprints all over it, it would be doing my readers a disservice not to introduce its other component – the philosophy devised by TERFs. Of course, everyone on this site is vaguely familiar with this movement – back when we were teenagers, all of us probably had the protective BYF scripture listing this acronym among groups meant to stay away somewhere on our blogs. However, few people fully comprehend how utterly incomprehensible to a normal person TERF beliefs are. Mary Daly, the original “TERF theologian” of sorts (a catholic theologian btw – in case if you're curious how come that you reasonably often hear about TERFs allying with religious fundies...), had a basically cult-like view of reality and society, akin to some sort of feminist extreme gnosticism – a false world existed, and a real world within had to be revealed. The “false” world, material reality, was referred to her as “necrophiliac” and the way to reveal the true world within required de facto genocide, or at the very least purchasing her book containing made up “rituals” meant to unlock secret potential within. Supposedly, this would restore some nonexistent primordial matriarchy, and give women back the ability to procreate through parthenogenesis (no, really). This is obviously similar to the doctrine of a millenarian cult, which I feel needs to be discussed more, though this is not the time and place for it. Being a TERF (arguably the original one), Daly naturally also had many charming things to say about trans people, for example comparing transition to the deeds of doctor Frankenstein and in a weird act of projection presenting transition as a cultic behavior. As a small digression I feel like it's worth noting that in sharp contrast with Daly, the inventor of sex reassignment surgery and arguably father of modern LGBT activism as a whole, Magnus Hirschfeld, was a kind, rational man, whose meticulously researched writing was centered on bringing up historical examples of LGBT people, as well as positive experiences of his patients achieved thanks to his revolutionary work, to argue for tolerance and equal treatment in society. Sadly he's just a forgotten piece of historical trivia, while the ravings of Daly and her followers and derivatives keep influencing generation upon generation of teenagers.. Anyway, back to the goddess movement – from incomprehensible spiritual ideals like these of Daly, mixed with the writing of Graves and with some wiccan influence, the idea of “primordial matriarchal religion” arose. As history likes to repeat itself, once again a formerly credible and accomplished archaeologist opted to sacrifice prominent position in a genuine field for study to instead pursue mirages – enter 1950s bronze age research superstar Marija Gimbutas. Gimbutas was undisputably a very talented archaeologist, and her findings greatly enhanced our knowledge about neolithic and bronze age Europe. However, her interpretation of own finds leaves much to be desired, and today is often honored more by neopagans and charlatans than by historians and archaeologists. She argued that Europe was once a realm of peaceful, matrilineal and economically just societies worshiping an universal mother goddess, whom she eventually started to describe in terms borrowed from Graves' books, adapting even his idea of three forms. She claimed this idyllic reality ended with the “Kurgan invasion” from the eurasian steppe, which “tainted” Europe with warfare, patriarchy and indo-european languages (based on archaeological finds it is hard to say if people speaking indo-european languages started appearing in Europe and the Middle East gradually or not and there's evidence of warfare long before the bronze age and the arrival of steppe-based nomads in Europe, and burials do not support the notion of an universal matriarchal – or as Gimbutas argued, “egalitarian” - society; it's also called into question if every archaic female statuette is a cult object). Today it is evident that  at least some of her work was a severe case of seeing what she wanted to see in the past, rather than what actually was there. Personally I do not see Gimbutas as a malicious figure, unlike most of the other people I brought up in this article, though it is evident she responded to criticism and newer evidence not by revising her theories, but by turning them into what essentially constituted self-parody (despite claiming she merely believed the neolithic cultures of Europe were lacking hierarchy and thus perfectly equal, she basically embraced Graves' rhetoric, as I noted before), and as such much of her work aged poorly and is mostly lauded by people with questionable ideas today, as I already pointed out. Some of them allege that any criticism leveled at her amounts to a nefarious conspiracy. It's important to mention that while Gimbutas was for the most part simply a misguided scholar who took criticism poorly in her final years (not an uncommon sight), some offshots of the goddess movement have nothing to do with genuine study of the past, but stay more than true to their TERF legacy, especially the so-called “dianic wicca” of Zsuzsanna Budapest, characterised as such even by other wiccans, who usually defend even the most questionable aspects of their movement (such as, well, falsifying history). This is a feature, not a bug. The idea of the “myth of matriarchal prehistory” espoused by the goddess movement was thoroughly debunked in the early 2000s by Cynthia Eller in her book of the same title. She correctly presents the goddess movement as the product of dubious scholarship seeking to produce an all-encompassing philosophy, and notes that the goddess myth is at best an “ennobling lie” - a concept formed by the philosopher Kwame A. Appiah (probably my favorite contemporary writer) – essentially, a founding myth meant to provide some group with dignity or enforcing positive values. Appiah argues in favor of maintaing some ennobling lies on a case by case basis. Eller argues in favor of rejection of this specific ennobling lie, considering pseudohistory a burden to feminism, rendering its ideals easy to dismiss. She also notes many foundations of the goddess movement simply consistute poor research practises – veneration of female figures didn't necessarily translate to equal treatment of living women, while interpreting every ancient work of art as a cult object is an antiquated idea.
Sadly, Eller's publication is obscure (I only stumbled upon it myself because I saw it mentioned in relation to Appiah's ennobling lie concept), while another work influenced by the goddess movement appears to be held in high esteem by users of goodreads, amazon, and many other sites connected in some capacity to literature, and as a result influences online perception of history of religion to a considerable degree – Barbara G. Walker's “The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets.” Walker wrote about knitting before deciding the world needs her bizarre conspiratorial rehashing of basically all the bizarre ideas described in the previous sections of the article – she also added a plenty of weird ideas of her own. A particularly funny example of a misconception popular in the discussed circles and spread further by Walker are attempts to present the myth of Marduk and Tiamat as triumph of patriarchal forces over an earlier mother goddess – Enuma Elish was hardly an old myth by the standards of ancient Mesopotamia, and it was based on earlier tales, in which the equivalents of Tiamat – Yam, Illuyanka etc. - are male, and often act disrespectful towards both male and female authorities. It does tell us a lot about Babylon, of coure– as it morphed from city-state to an empire, Marduk absorbed traits of many gods, including the dragon-slaying ones; but there's no hidden matriarchy to uncover there, and Tiamat is absent from earlier texts and from any which are not derived from the Enuma Elish itself. Funnily enough this bizarre approach to Tiamat was also lauded by a person from a completely different ideological movement, online demagogue and self help guru Jordan Peterson. I actually tried to make it through Walker's book, and while it wasn't the most soul-crushing experience I can think of (out of the authors I mentioned here, Daly easily wins in that category), the bizarre stupidity of some entries almost made me wonder if it's a joke of some sort. Some choice tidbits to my knowledge unique to Walker's writing include describing sufism as “tantric goddess worship,” arguing Amaterasu's name contains a made up universal term for motherhood, claiming Japanese imperial house only became patrilineal in the Kamakura period, and asserting Ahriman was an actively worshiped deity from which the “power” of zoroastrian magi was derived. Walter also appears to have a peculiar obsession with describing mixing menstrual blood with wine and other beverages and consumption of such mixtures (that's her explanation for every mythical drink or potion...) – the frequency with which this motif shows up in her confabulations almost made me think of these deviantart galleries filled with poorly edited screencaps of cartoon characters engaging in some bizarrely specific uncanny activity. There's plenty of footnotes in “Woman's encyclopedia,” which might give it an air of authority, but it's easy to see many of the sources are themselves dubious (Graves, Murray and friends), or don't actually confirm what Walter claims they do. Where does this book's popularity come from, considering the fact it's blatantly wrong and it's not hard to notice if you have even just a passing interest in history of religion? Probably from the way it's advertised – this is sadly a problem with much pseudohistorical data: it's cynically sold to people as “exciting,” “forbidden knowledge,” “declassified secrets” and so on. This is partially why they became such a huge part of the modern world – lies often have great PR. How does all of this tie to the currently politically relevant extremist movements? This might not seem obvious at first, but the link is direct. Pseudohistory by design makes one more susceptible to other similarly shaky ideas, and the movements whose history I described here on top of that often appeal to, or even intentionally reach out to, demographics generally not fond of “conventional” conspiracy theories, associated with militias, nazis or christian fundamentalists – to lgbt teenagers, suburban essential oils enthusiast moms, instagram yoga instructors, tech startup hipsters et cetera. As the news demonstrated for the past few months, these demographics too are susceptible to certain aspects of present day doomsday conspiracy cults, eg. Qanon: the Wayfair conspiracy was spread largely by teenagers on tiktok; many Qanon marches, often with overt anti-vaccine messaging, attracted politically moderate stay at home suburban moms; extremism researcher Marc-André Argentino coined the term “pastel Qanon” to refer to this phenomenon. Generally speaking, many people who embrace Qanon were already believers in conspiracy theories before – nephilim, NESARA/GESARA, blood libel, Rothschild conspiracies, new chronology, ancient aliens and more; the demographics which only started to show up in spaces related to the aforementioned doomsday cults seemingly lack connections to such theories most of the time, barring maybe ancient aliens, but I propose that what makes it easy for Q ideas to reach them is widespread acceptance of various “hidden religion” pseudohistorical ideas in even rather progressive circles – this too is “conspirituality” which ultimately feeds the conspiracy monster. Note that the anti vax movement didn't spread just among extremist evangelicals, but also among adherents of various alternative spiritual paths – simply put, among wiccan hippies and similar demographics; and currently, based on research of conspiracy experts, anti-vaxers are almost synonymous with Q adherents. Many articles were also written about the spread of such conspiracies in various “wellness” or yoga communities, which often also feature elements drawn from authors I discussed in the earlier parts of this article. As a matter of fact, at least two people involved in violent incidents come from “wellness” or “alternative spirituality” circles: the “Q shaman” you most likely saw in photos from the recent assault on the American Capitol, and a less known extremist: Attila Hildmann, a German celebrity vegan chef, wellness guru... and also, as of late, neonazi, anti-vax activist and Qanon influencer. A few months ago, Hildmann, whose first name was arguably prophetic, called for destruction of a variety of artifacts held in Berlin's museums as connected to nefarious forces present in Q mythos – some 70 pieces, ranging from ancient Egyptian art to contemporary paintings were defaced, though thankfully no lasting damage was seemingly done. Worth noting that Hildmann appears to also be a believer in a certain prominent strain of pseudohistory centered on the Canaanite storm god Baal Hadad – I will discuss it in detail in my next longer post, stay tuned. What binds together all sorts of pseudohistory – both the genre of it I debunk here and the more “classic” sort – is the belief in a hidden, usually primordial, world to which the initiated few have access, which grants them superior understanding to that possessed by normies. The truths offered by this world are unchanging and an ancient relic, revealed long ago and preserved, rather than developed  – therefore progress and modernity are an enemy, and so is the scientific method. This is naturally an atithesis of how cultures actually function – as demonstrated by Kwame Anthony Appiah, cultures consist out of change - therefore “conspirituality” is an anti-culture of sorts, actively pushing its adherents towards more and more false beliefs, and ultimately sometimes towards actual doomsday cults. A good example of this, outide of the aforementioned Qanon phenomena, is the fact that many adherents of ideas dicussed in this article gleefully embrace lies sourced from XIXth century extremist protestants, like the notion that Easter is derived from Ishtar, an etymologically incoherent argument advanced by fanatically anti-catholic pamphlet “The two Babylons.” I sadly see no easy solution to this problem. The rise of currently prominent version of conspirituality was in no small part spearheaded by social media algorithms and sensationalist tv shows like Ancient Aliens, and it's hard to offer an alternative to them to people who are simply interested in history and religion, as false ideas are often providing copious amounts of material for free, while genuine research is hidden behind paywalls difficult to afford even for some institutions, let alone individual private citizens. I am merely a hobbyist sharing what I find interesting myself to show that real history is always more fascinating than nefarious conspiracies aiming to replace it, but without coordinated large scale effort it seems impossible to emerge victorious in the battle against them. Naturally, that doesn't mean trying is pointless, and I plan to continue for the foreseeable future. Further reading:
Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt by Norman Cohn
The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory: Why An Invented Past Will Not Give Women a Future by Cynthia Eller
Jason Colavito's blog
Conspiracy theories debunkers and extremist ideologies researchers on twitter: Mike Rothschild, Marc-André Argentino, Amarnath Amarasingam, Travis View, Mark Pitcavage
Coverage of the Berlin museum attacks: BBC, The Guardian, DW, Artnet News
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recentanimenews · 3 years
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Here's Your Full Girls und Panzer Das Finale Part 1 English Dub Cast
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  Now that Sentai Filmworks' release of Girls und Panzer Das Finale Part 1 is out in the wild, it's time to take a look at the full English dub cast. The first in the six-part OVA series is available on Blu-ray, so dig in below to see who's playing who and the staff making it all happen in the English language version.
  ADR Script
Mike Haimoto
English Mix
Ricardo Contreras
Lead Engineer
Jonathan Rodriguez
Audio Engineers           
David Lascoe
  Matt Mittmeyer
  Ricardo Contreras
    Miho
Margaret McDonald
Yukari
Rebekah Stevens
Hana
Caitlynn French
Saori
Jessica Calvello
Mako
Molly Searcy
    Anzu
Christina Stroup
Yuzu
Serena Varghese
Momo
Elizabeth Maxwell
    Isobe
Genevieve Simmons
Taeko
Kalin Coates
Shinobu
Cynthia Martinez
Akebi
Carli Mosier
    Caesar
Shannon Emerick
Erwin
Luci Christian
Saemonza
Joanne Bonasso
Oryou
Elissa Cuellar
    Azusa
Allison Sumrall
Ayumi
Savanna Menzel
Karina
Monica Rial
Yuuki
Maggie Flecknoe
Aya
Juliet Simmons
    Sodoko
Tiffany Grant
Gomoyo
Shelley Calene-Black
Pazomi
Emily Neves
    Nakajima
Juliet Simmons
Suzuki
Brittney Karbowski
Hoshino
Chaney Moore
Tsuchiya
Luci Christian
    Nekonya
Natalie Rial
Momoga
Olivia Swasey
Piyotan
Amelia Fischer
    Ogin
Dawn M. Bennett
Rum
Sarah Wiedenheft
Murakami
Morgan Berry
Flint
Amber Lee Connors
Cutlass
Alyssa Marek
    Marie
Cat Thomas
Andou
Alexis Tipton
Oshida
Avery Smithhart
    Darjeeling
Kara Greenberg
Orange Pekoe
Christina Kelly
Assam
Joanne Bonasso
Rosehip
Emily Neves
    Kay
Emily Neves
Naomi
Shelley Calene-Black
Alisa
Brittney Karbowski
    Katyusha
Hilary Haag
Nonna
Olga Jankowski
Klara
Sarah Natochenny
    Maho
Kim Prause
Erika
Katelyn Barr
    Anchovy
Kira Vincent-Davis
Carpaccio
Christina Stroup
Pepperoni
Christina Kelly
    Nishi
Alexis Lee
Tamada
Chaney Moore
Hosomi
Joanne Bonasso
Ikeda
Genevieve Simmons
Hamada
Monica Rial
Teramoto
Mai Le
Kubota
Emily Neves
    Mika
Allison Sumrall
Aki
Melissa Molano
    Taiga Ou
Christina Kelly
Azumi
Melissa Pritchett
Tokata
Christina Kelly
Baba
Kara Greenberg
    Additional Voices
Allison Sumrall
  Brittney Karbowski
  Carli Mosier
  Chaney Moore
  Christina Kelly
  Christina Stroup
  Kara Greenberg
  Monica Rial
  Sentai's synopsis:
Momo needs to get her priorities straight! Too much tankery and not studying for her entrance exams lands Momo in the hot seat. Luckily her friends won't let her flunk out without a flight, and they've hatched a foxy plan to put her back on top… literally. Miho's stepping down to let Momo take up the mantle of commander, because if she can lead the team to victory in the Continuous Cup, Momo will earn a second chance to retake her exams. The stakes have never been higher for the team as they fight for tank supremacy both on and off the combat field!
  Source: Sentai Filmworks via Anime News Network
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    -------
Joseph Luster is the Games and Web editor at Otaku USA Magazine. You can read his comics at subhumanzoids. Follow him on Twitter @Moldilox.
By: Joseph Luster
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libidomechanica · 3 years
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Untitled Poem # 8648
En takes and our love, that  wirche waters, to place. You blushd  on the sky                   how    the  boar had the fight, and gluttoning  worthy mermaiden morning aright. 
When she sailing: the  glides his travellers with  stay theyve taught thy voice which thread in  high life-breath, where I daunce, a purple  bunches seare: adieu my life,— so I, without a curl; or  when his flessh so deeply  disagreeable, and would pause,  and triumph—let thou liknest it 
had brought me Touch, and all love, thapostles  names were and storie of 
deep breathing-while; thus seistow, without 
a wee wife and take white,  sleep opprest, and for to  sterte to, and whirls to  a tree one has been  for whit; I turned me: 
yet I have no crimes: or if I  be dawed, to ask her, 
known; a second moon theft, in 
dalliance unwise, lay not quit her 
we respect, and back, his  wealth, my beauteous matter; even now  can thy speak its nub, its inner  me theres not learned be;  night along their night of hym swich daliance  and black it is requires 
and good example 
stone, mine eyeballs, a fire,  and a looks alone; for she 
wrung, that flowers, whose vermilion: at 
eight-sided, like a is  for this dress, mountain rocks the  sensuous organism that  he waters wrath fierce pure live with  loves. The wanted  found him in the  moulded, foul nursed, delicate-handed  slumber to jest, up and  dance even the windy  sighs came round run away, come, she can.  keep your memory, or shut 
the steps a sweep together:  While there; natures of the  Spartan Mother what they built up among  the first did I touch th ing in her had been to  mourne, that their arms doth scoffing, doth 
scoffing, and sent forth their own, when  you still these ground; where melted,  and all ill-natures on  Madeline, St. Cynthia, thogh maydenhede 
the ripples on her  eyes serue him the Name of  Death nor atom throws: some hundred  with skill  such nectar from thence and left them  leaves— they stone-crop start eternal  feare he bottom agates bud forth  a thousand multiple denials,  Margaret to  be my wiser Muses,  on you: having fevers, and  wostow at my tears to hearts 
and on his places.  And this travellers with 
happens every power 
that everything like bowls If you  again untowards in disdayne.  The horrid prettily entreat  let the purblind: they cant account  and lean: the unblunter  growen gras or herte greene: the  fields and noble and not choose.
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lucy and hirotsu and lance (pokemon)!
Give me a character: Accepting!
Lucy:
How I feel about this character: I adore her, though it took me a bit to really warm up to her character! All the people I ship romantically with this character: Atsushi (OTP), Louisa, Gin (I think I saw a fic), Mark, Margaret My non-romantic OTP for this character: Hawthorne, Fitzgerald, pretty much anyone way older or younger than her? My unpopular opinion about this character: She deserves more screen time. One thing I wish would happen / had happened with this character in canon: Be adopted into the ADA already.
Hirotsu:
How I feel about this character: Best mafia grandpa. 10/10 All the people I ship romantically with this character: ??? I don’t really have any romantic ships for him? My non-romantic OTP for this character: Hirotsu and Melville. My unpopular opinion about this character: Hirotsu is the true dad/granddad of the Port Mafia. Sorry Mori. One thing I wish would happen / had happened with this character in canon: I would have liked for his backstory/time under the old PM boss tohave been explored.
Lance (Pokemon):
How I feel about this character: One of my favourite champions after Cynthia All the people I ship romantically with this character: Will, Cynthia, Karen (I thank @achrcmxtic and @fabulance for this tbh) My non-romantic OTP for this character: Him and the rest of the Kanto/Johto elite four are one big happy family. Also him and Clair. My unpopular opinion about this character: His PokeSpe manga self is straight up yikes and was so left field. One thing I wish would happen / had happened with this character in canon: I would have loved to see Lance redeemed in PokeSpe/have seen more development from him in said manga.
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brothermarc7theatre · 5 years
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Musical Monday...errr...Wednesday
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A delayed, but treasured, Musical Monday highlight kicks off the middle of this week. This is a show which I severely love and hope to see again soon. Not much preamble needed, so let’s just let the highlights do the talking. Here we go!
Musical Monday date: 10/30/2019
Musical: The Color Purple
Book, Music, and Lyrics: Marsha Norman, Brenda Russell and Allee Willis and Stephen Bray, and Brenda Russell and Allee Willis and Stephen Bray
Broadway Run: ORIGINAL CAST= December 1st, 2005 - February 24, 2008
                            REVIVAL CAST= December 10, 2015 - January 8, 2017
Awards Won: ORIGINAL CAST= Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical (LaChanze)/2006 Theatre World Awards (Elisabeth Withers-Mendes, Felicia P. Fields); 2007 Theatre World Award (Fantasia Barrino)
                        REVIVAL CAST= Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical, Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical (Cynthia Erivo)/Dram Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical (Cynthia Erivo), Outstanding Director of a Musical (John Doyle)/2016 Theatre World Award (Cynthia Erivo, Danielle Brooks)
Other: Adapted from the 1985 Oscar-nominated film of the same name which starred Whoopi Goldberg (Celie), Danny Glover (Albert), Margaret Avery (Shug), Oprah Winfrey (Sofia), and Willard E. Pugh (Harpo). The book, from which the film was adapted, came out in 1982, written by Alice Walker.
Fun Fact: Never have I cried harder in an Act Two torch song than the night I saw the most recent national tour.
The Color Purple is a powerful, affecting story, no matter which medium you encounter it. Do yourself a favor and give either of the cast recordings a listen, then make sure you see it if it comes to a theater near you. Until next week, go see a show!
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readingalaska · 5 years
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2019년 독서 결산 보고
2007년에 시작한, ‘죽기 전 (엄선된) 1000권 읽기 프로젝트'의 생일맞이 2019년 보고서를 올릴 시간이 또 돌아왔다 
*혹시 (또) 지나가다 내 보고서를 처음 읽게 되는 분들이 있을, 극히 낮은 경우의 수를 대비하여 짧은 설명을 하자면, 유태인들은 매년 자기 생일에 한 해가 시작한다고 생각한다는 유태계 첫 영어 클래스 선생님의 말이 인상이 깊었던 바, 
한국 나이고 만 나이고 난 모르겠고, 나의 일년은 나의 생일에 시작된다. 생각해보면 당연한 일이다.
올해는 시간이 매우 더디게 흘러가는 해다. 본의 아니게 (어느 골치 아픈 일이 본의겠느냐마는 도전을 즐기기는 커녕 전혀 변화가 없이 살던대로 살려고 부단히 노력하는 사람으로써는 특별히 억울한 일이다) 골치 아픈 일도 많았고, 삶의 형태를 크게 바꿀 중요한 결정을 앞두고 있기도 하다.  3월에 여행을 다녀와 5월에는 엄마 팔순으로 2년 만에 한국에도  다녀왔고, 8월에 지야가 잠시 다녀 간 후, 지금까지 고작 6개월 여 동안 한 십년은 지나고 있는 기분이다. 나이가 들수록 시간은 빨리 지나기 때문에 천천히 지난다는 것이 한편 반갑기도 하지만, 단조롭게 평화롭게 일상으로 바쁘면 시간이 유순히 잘도 흘러가는 데 그렇지 않아서 그럴 것이라는 추측이 또한 애매한 기분이기도 하다. 
그리고, 그래서, 일 수도 있고, 그럼에도 불구할 수도, 일수도 있게, 진행하고 있는 일도 있다. 오랜동안 실패가 두려워서 건드리지 않았던 일이라 그런지, 긴장되거나 결과에 대해 걱정이 되기보다는 어떻게 되나 보자는 거의 호기심에 가까운 기분, 그리고, 어차피 내가 노력하든 안 하든 골치아픈 일은 생기는 건데 내가 적극적으로 골치 아픈 일을 만들어도 달라지는 것은 없다는, 마치 소도둑 든 후 외양간을 고치느니보다 온동네 소 바베큐 파티를 여는 기분이랄까. 
당연히 실패하면 기분이 대단히 좋지는 않겠지만 막상 시작하고 나니, 뭐랄까, 어둠 속에서 괴물이 무서워서 이불을 뒤집어 쓰고 있다가 너무 답답해서 에라 차라리 죽고 말자 하고 벗어 던졌더니 괴물같은 건 없었던 기분이랄까.
무엇이 그렇게 무서웠는지는 모르겠지만, 아마도 내가 control freak이라는 것도 일조했을 거라는 추측일 뿐이다. 나는 돌발상황, 뜻밖의 변수를 매우 싫어하고 모든 것을 내 조절 하에 두어야 하는 사람이라는 것. 나의 운명을 남들에게 맞기기 싫어한다는 것. 내가 넘어져도 나를 도와줄 사람은 아무도 없다고 믿으며 살아가고 있다는 것. 
그런데, 뭐 이제는 괜찮다. 아무도 안 도와줘도, 그래서 혹시 당장 못 일어나도 넘어진 김에 쉬어가도 되겠다는 생각이다.
독서의 방법은 여러가지라서, 누군가는 되도록 많은 이야기를 읽으려고 하고 누군가는 같은 책을 여러 번 보려고 한다. 옳은 독서 방법이란 없다. 단지, 내가 많은 책을 읽고 싶어하는 것은, 그야말로 세상에는 아직도 좋은 책이 너무나 많이 남아있기 때문이다.  아마도 오늘 부로 다시는 새 책은 하나도 안 나온데도, 오늘 태어난 아기가 100살까지, 아니 기분이다 140살까지 살면서, 베스트 오브 더 베스트 오브 더 베스트 ( 남들이 좋다는 거 말고 취향 따라서만도!) 만을 읽어도 다 못 읽고 죽을 것이라는 확신이 있다.
책을 읽지 않으면 혀에 가시가 돋는지는 잘 모르겠지만 ( 혀에 가시가 돋으면 과산화수소수와 일반 가글을 반반 섞은 물로 입을 헹구는 것이 좋다), 꿈을 꾸어야 살듯이 책을 읽어야 사는 것은 여전히 나에겐 사실이고, 세상의 이 많은 책을 다 못 읽고 가는 것이 아직도 한이다.  그 전에는 못다 읽은 책은 같이 묻으랄까 하는 낭만적인(?) 상상을 했으나, 곧 같이 화장을 하는 현실적인(!) 상상을 하다가, 물건을 최소한으로 소유하고 살기로 한 지금은 ‘못 다 읽은 책’ 같은 것은 내 주변에 남지 않은 채로 사체로 발견되었으면 좋겠다는 아무진 꿈을 안고 살아가고 있는 중이다.  
내가 책을 읽는 이유 중 한가지는, 책이 끝난 후에도 주인공에 대해 궁금할 때가 있을만큼 독자의 상상은 무한하지만, 작가가 만든 하나의 세상에서 일단 종지부가 지어지는 ‘그 세상’을 오롯이 받아들 수 있다는 안정감 때문이다.  그리고 그것은 중간 중간 맛보기의 대리만족으로는 절대로 안되고 반드시 처음부터 끝까지 읽어야  얻을 수 있다.
본인이나 자녀 분들의 인물 사진 자주 올리시는 분들이 간과하시는 위험한 부분은, 사람이 오늘은 이마만, 오늘은 볼만 찍어 올려도, 자꾸 보면 조합이 되어서 머릿속에서 알아 볼 수 있는 전체 그림이 된다는 것이다. 목소리의 조합으로 페이크 목소리 파일을 만들 수 있는 것과 비슷하다.  하지만 그 모습과 그 사람을 직접 만나 얘기를 해보는 것과는 다르다.(그래서 더 위험하다!) 마찬가지로, ‘남들이 다 본 스페인 관광지의 그것’ 의 사진은 온라인에 차고 넘쳐서, 가서 보면 ‘알아 볼 수’ 있지만 (그리고 그걸 보고 간 분들도 또 비슷한 각도에서 비슷한 사진을 찍어 오신다) 직접 가서 살아보지 않고는 궁극적인 ‘스페인’은 볼 수 없다. 
여러분이 생각하는 알래스카와 진짜 알래스카는 완전히 다른 것 처럼.
그래서 분명히 말해두고 싶은 건, 내가 많은 책을 읽고 싶어서 걸신들린 사람처럼 읽고 있다고 해서, 그게 내가 휘리릭 대충 책장을 넘겨 버린다는 뜻은 아니다. 한 자, 한 단어, 한 문장도 절대로 대충 빨리 읽겠다는 생각을 한다면 아예 읽지 않는 편이 낫다는 생각이다. 내용도 보지만, 글도 보고, 인물과 구조와 배경과, 숨은 이야기도 봐야 하니까. 
그것이 내가 특별히 좋아하는 사람의 책이나 선물 받은 책이 아니면 십년 넘게 영어로만 책을 읽고, 한국어 책은 독서 기록 숫자에는 포함시키지 않는 이유라는 생각도 든다. 의미함축의 언어인 한국어는 때로는 너무 어렵고, 때로는 나도 모르게 설렁설렁 넘어가려는 경향이 있는 것 같다. 넘쳐나는 뻔한 말들이 싫어서 나만의 언어를 유지하고 싶고, 그래서 좋은 글은 좋아서, 내 마음에 들지 않은 글은 그래서, 한국어를 다시 배우고 싶지 않다는 생각도 있다. 
어떤 책은 너무 좋아서 나를 바닥으로 떨어뜨리고는,  너 같은건 다시는 글 쓴다는 생각을 하지 말라고 눌러버리기도 하고, 어떤 책은 너무 좋아서, 너에게도 이야기가 있어, 너도 글을 쓸 수 있어, 라고 말해준다. 그리고 이 둘 다 좋은 책들이라는 것이 재미있다.
그 전에는 한 번에 한권 씩 밖에 못 읽었는데 요즘은 오디오 북과 읽는 책은 평행선으로 가는 것에 길들여지긴 했다.  눈이 많이 안 좋아져서, 그리고 훈련을 통해 다소 더욱 익숙해졌기도 해서 그 전에 비해 오디오 북을 많이 들었기도 하지만, 일이 많았어서  오디오북이라도 짬짬히 ‘연명’을 했다고 볼 수도 있다. 난픽션들을 대부분 괜찮지만 소설들은, 오디오 북의 역사가 짧아 어정쩡한 책들은 오디오북이 잘 없고,  이른바 고전이라는 것들은 영국 악센트로 읽은 것들이 많아서 피하다보니 오디오북들에 대한 나의 감상은 대부분 반반이다. 괜찮을 수 있었던 책들도 읽는 사람이 너무 호들갑(!)을 떨어서 망쳐버린 책도 있고, time proven시간이 증명해 준것이 아닌 당시 반짝 컨템포러리 ‘인기 있는 책’이라는 것은 내 취향이 되기 힘든 것 같다는 생각.  
게다가, 요즘에는 훈련이 되어서 조금이라도 방해가 될 만한 일을 만나면 얼른 멈추고, 다시 15초 백을 누르지만, 그래도 사람의 집중력이라는 것이, 오디오북을 들으며, 가만 잊자,  파슬리가루가 어디 있더라, 생각하는 동안, 한 문장이라도 지나가버린 걸 그 때마다 되돌릴 수는 없고 해서, 여전히 오디오북도 읽은 책 숫자에는 포함시키지 못하겠다. 
정말 눈이 피곤해서 읽기 힘든 날은, 언젠가는 눈이 환전히 가 버려서, 늘상 집중하고 책만 들어야 할 날이 올 지도 모른다고 생각한다. 그러나 그렇게 되면 꼬박꼬박 병든 닭처럼 졸고 있을 것 같기도 하다.
제목들을 타이핑 하고 있노라니 책 내용은 물론, 각 책을 읽고 있을 때 있었던 일들과, 책의 질감까지 떠올라 행복해진다. 앞으로는 눈 때문에 전자책의 비중이 더높아질 것 같아서 더욱 아쉬운 부분이다. 
아무튼,  그리하여, 작년 분기에 539권이 남았던 것에서 이제 490권이 남았나보다, 점점 숫자가 줄어갈 수록 남은 날은 유한하다는 각성과, 적어도 뭔가 한가지 약속을 지키고 간다는 안도감은 들어 줄거라는 희망으로 나의 올해의 기록을 공개한다. 
*늘 그렇듯이, 오디오북과 한국 책은 숫자에서는 제외하고, 책 한 권을 완성한다는 것에 어떤 ‘일’이 관련되는 지 미흡하게나마 짐작할 수 있는 사람으로서  ‘일개 독자인 내가 감히’ 의 이유로 평점 같은 것은 생략이다.
1. The Sea                                         -John Banville
2. Fall On your Knees                  - Ann  Marie MacDonald
3. Master George                               -Beryle Bainbridge
4. Blind Assassin                                  -Margaret Atwood
5. The Secret Scripture                    -Sebastian Barry
6.Small World                          -David Lodge
7. The White Hotel                              -D.M. Thomas
8. Disgrace                        -J.M Cortez
9. Quartet in Autummn                     -Barbara Pym
10. The Hisoty of the Kelly Gang                  -Peter Carey
11. Rashomon                                        -Ryunosuke Akatagawa
12. Cover Her Face                      -P.D. James
13. Magpie Murders                    -Anthony Horowitz
14. Roseanna                 - Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö
15. Like Life                                     -Lorrie Moore
16. The Master                                -  Colm Tóibín
17. Joyland                                    -Stephne King
18. Fierce Invalids home from Hot Climates         -Tom Robins
19. Pigeon                                    -Patrick Suskind
20. The Gay Science                   -F. Nietzsche
21. Man’s search for mMeaning                   - Victor E. Frankl
22. The Glass bead Game                       -Herman Hesse
23. Immortality                   -Milan Kundera
24. Ex Libris
25. Feeling of What happens             -Antonio Damasio
26. Fugitive Pieces                    -Anne Michaels
27. Love’s Work                         -Gillian Rose
28. Glory and the Lightening                          -Tayler Caldwell
29.Nightround                                    -Patrick Modiano
30. The God of Small Things           -Arundhati Roy
31. Levitaion                                           -Cynthia Ozick
32. The Stone Angel                       -Margaret Laurence
33. Seeing                                   - José Saramago
34. The Palm Wine Drinkerad                  -Amos Tutuola
35.One Day in the Life of the Ivan Denisovich    -Alexander Solzhenitsyn
36.  Ex Libris                    - Anne Fadiman
37. The Four Wise men            -Michael Torurnier
38.The Roots of Heaven                    -Romain Gary
39. Blindness                                          - José Saramago
40. Zorba the Greek                             -Nikos Kazanzakis
41. Lady Chatterley’s Lover                           -D.H. Lawrence
42. Winter Hours                          -Mary Oliver
43. The Alice Network                      -Kate Chopin
44. The witch Elm                         -Tana French
45. Small Memories                          - José Saramago
46. Passion Fruit                               -Daniel Pennac
47. A field Guide to Getting Lost                         -Rebecca Solnit
48. The Book of Disquiet                             -Fernando Pessoa 
49. Children Of God                                 -Mary Doria Russel
늘 곁에 있어주는 사람        -임경선
아무튼, 술          -김혼비
유쾌하고 호쾌한 여자축구       -김혼비
100세 수업         -김지승
꿈 꾸는 역 분실물 센터         -안도 미키에   / 최수진 옮김
먹고 사는 게 전부가 아닌 날도 있어서        -노지양 
어른에게도 어른이 필요하다         -박산호
단어의 배신         -박산호
아무튼, 방콕         -김병운 
오르브와르          -피에르 르메트르
*Audiobooks
1. Elsewhere  -Gabrielle Zevin
2. Sense Of an Ending   -Jullian Barnes
3.The GIver    -Lois Lowry
4. Bellwether    _connie Willis
5. The Bonfire of Vanities      Tom Wolfe
6. All the Light that We Cannot See  -Anthony Doer
7. In the Midst of Winter    -Isabel Allende
8. Florida      -Lauren Groff
9. How to Steal a Dog    - Barbara O’conor
10. I am the Messenger      -Markus Zusak
11. Scott’s Last Expedition
12. The Year of Magical Thinking   -John Didion
13. Avenue Of Mysteries    -John Irving
14. Heart land    -Sarah Smarsh
15.Nine Perfect Strangers    -Liane Moriarty
16. Five Children and It       -E. Nesbit
17. The Library Book           -Susan Oleander
18. Little Fires Everywhere       -Celeste Ng
19. When Breath Becomes Air     -Paul Kalanthi
20. The Breakdown    -B.A, Paris
21. The Immortalist        -Cloe Benjamin
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frozen-sea · 5 years
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Books Read 2018
Well I didn’t get through as many as last year, but I came close. And considering I’m no longer allowed to read at my job, I think I did pretty damn good. Here’s my 2018 year in books...
The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields
Laugh It Up!: Embrace Freedom and Experience Defiant Joy by Candace Payne
The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan
H Is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald
Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood by Rebecca Wells
Illumination Night by Alice Hoffman
The Bridges of Madison County by Robert James Waller
The Dog Days of Arthur Cane by T. Ernesto Bethancourt
Rule of Law by Randy Singer
The Witches of Eastwick by John Updike
Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell
Moo by Jane Smiley
Lobster Boy: The Bizarre Life and Brutal Death of Grady Stiles Jr. by Fred Rosen
Two Girls in New York by Carli Lacklin
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Rober M. Pirsig
Warriors: A Vision of Shadows: River of Fire by Erin Hunter
The World According to Garp by John Irving
Failure is an Option by H. Jon Benjamin
Romancing the Stone by Catherine Lanigan
Going Bovine by Libby Bray
Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret by Judy Blume
Saturday by Ian McEwan
Little Altars Everywhere by Rebecca Wells
It's Not the End of the World by Judy Blume
Attachments by Rainbow Rowell
Feast of the Jackals by Aldo Lucchesi
Room by Emma Donoghue
Island of the Blue Dolphins by Scott O'Dell
Adjustment Day by Chuck Palahniuk
Breaking Through Bias: Communication Techniques for Women to Succeed at Work by Andrea S. Kramer & Alton B. Harris
Rule of the Bone by Russell Banks
180 Ways to Walk the Customer Service Talk by Eric Harvey
Irish Red by Jim Kjelgaard
SeinLanguage by Jerry Seinfeld
The Wasteland and Other Poems by T.S. Eliot
How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter by Sherwin B. Nuland
Bridget Jones's Diary by Helen Fielding
Blue Heron by Avi
Warriors: Crowfeather's Trial by Erin Hunter
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz
The Secret of Chanel No. 5: The Intimate History of the Wold's Most Famous Perfume by Tilar J. Mazzeo
It Chooses You by Miranda July
Just as Long as We're Together by Judy Blume
Our Gang by Philip Roth
Men Explain Things to Me by Rebecca Solnit
Small Fry by Lisa Brennan-Jobs
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
Warriors: A Vision of Shadows: The Raging Storm by Erin Hunter
The Nest by Cynthia D'Aprix Sweeney
Milk and Honey by Rupi Kaur
The Sun and Her Flowers by Rupi Kaur
The Roswell Incident by Charles Frambach Berlitz & William L. Moore
The Secret History by Donna Tartt
Plum Rains by Andromeda Romano-Lax
Guns by Stephen King
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‘The Routledge Companion to media and gender’ -  Edited by Cynthia Carter, Linda Steiner and Lisa McLaughlin (2014)
Media and the representation of gender – Margaret Gallagher
Image and reality
“how can the media be changed? How can we free women from the tyranny of media messages limiting their lives to hearth and home?” Media sociologist Gaye Tuchman ends her celebrated essay. “The Symbolic Annihilation of Women by the Mass Media” witch these two questions (Tuchman 1978: 38). Straightforward, confident, and unambiguous, from today’s vantage point the questions may seem naïve in their formulation. Yet in essence they encapsulate the concerns that continue to drive much feminist media analysis around the world almost four decades later. Despite enormous transformations in national and global media landscapes, and the development of infinitely more sophisticated approaches to media analysis and theorising, the fundamental issues remain those that preoccupied Tuchman and her colleagues: power, values, representation and identity.
Feminist cultural politics is a common thread running through much work on image and representation, from its origins to the present. The edited collection Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media, in which Tuchman’s “symbolic annihilation” essay appears, was motivated y “an interest in the progress we are making toward the full social equality of women” and by “the rise of the women’s movement” (Kaplan Daniels 1978: v). these early analyses argues that the US media are deeply implicated in the patterns of discrimination operating against women in society – patterns which, through the absence, trivialisation or condemnation of women in media content, amounted to their “symbolic annihilation”. The term, originally coined by George Gerbner in 1972, became a powerful and widely used metaphor to describe the ways in which media images make women invisible. This mediated invisibility, it was argued, is achieved not simply through the non-representation of women’s points of view or perspectives on the world. When women are “visible” in media content, the manner of their representation reflects the biases and assumptions of those who define the public – and therefore the media – agenda.
Much of this early work attempted to establish the extent to which media content departed from “reality”. Some of the earliest analysis was driven by personal experience. In the early 1960s, former magazine journalist Betty Friedan, introducing her study of how the cultural definition of femininity in the USA shifted between the 1940s and 1950s, explained: “there was a strange discrepancy between the reality of our lives as women and the image to which we were trying to conform, the image that I came to call the feminine mystique” (Friedan 1963: 9). A decade later, more systematic studies of basic stereotypes were providing a basis from which to argue that the media provided idealised versions of femininity that we “false”.
“Televised images of women are in large measure false, portraying them less as they really are, more as some might want them to be” (Franzwa 1978: 273)
Despite the use of terms that today we might find lack nuance, these early studies were not necessarily as unsophisticated as they are sometimes characterised. The notion that women were being portrayed “as some might want them to be” theorises the media as part of the system “that cultivates the images fitting the established structure of social relations,” a system whose function is to create cultural resistance to change – in this case, change in the status women (Gerbner 1978: 46-8). Gerbner identifies three main tactics of resistance to change used in media imagery of women – discrediting, isolating, and undercutting. He says that the result is a “counterattack on the women’s movement as a social force for structural change” (1978: 50). Betty Friedan, too, was concerned with the interplay between media images, social change, and gender identity. Asking why the “spirited New Woman” who dominated women’s magazines of the 1940s had, by the 1950s, given way to the “happy Housewife Heroin”, while, over the same period, educational and employment opportunities for middle-class white American women had greatly expanded, she concluded: “When a mystique is strong, it makes its own fiction of fact. It feeds on the very facts which might contradict it, and seeps into every corner of culture” (Friedan 1963: 53). What many of these early studies were grappling with, without naming it as such, was the ideological role of the media.
Ideology and Representation
In many respects the contemporary field of feminist media scholarship looks vastly different from the relatively straightforward terrain occupied by the “women and media” studies of the 1970s and 80s. the inadequacies of studies that conflate the condition of white, heterosexual, middle-class women with the condition of all women are now acknowledged, and contemporary media research has tried to grapple with more complex understandings of gender identity and experience. As Marsha Houston has put it :
              Women of colour do not experience sexism in addition to racism, but sexism in the context of racism; thus they cannot be said to bear an additional burden that white women do not bear, but to bear an altogether different burden from that borne by white women. (Houston 1992: 49)
Most early studies of “women and media” had analysed only women’s representation, thereby appearing to assume that the representation of men’s experience was unproblematic. As feminist media critique developed and deepened, it became clear that masculinity was also represented in quite specific ways in media content. Rosalind Gill contends that studies of masculinities developed as a direct result of feminism’s critique, literally “transforming research on women and media into something that is properly about gender and media” (2007: 32; see also Carter 2012).
The crossing of intellectual and disciplinary boundaries that characterises much of today’s work can actually be traced back to some of the most creative points of departure in feminist media studies. As far back as 1977 Noreen Janus critiqued the theoretical shortcomings of white, middle class, liberal research into “sex-role stereotypes”. Janus advocated more holistic studies of media content, allied with analyses of the economic imperatives of the media industries and with studies of the perceptions of different audience groups, and the linking of media-related questions to other kinds of social analysis. This type of integrated interdisciplinary research agenda will seem familiar to many feminist media scholars today. Yet its implementation has demanded the location and articulation of a distinct feminist voice. This has involved a difficult and protracted struggle to achieve intellectual legitimacy within the general field of media and communication studies (see Gallagher 2003).
A move towards analyses of the socioeconomic contexts of media structures and progresses during the 1990s signalled feminism’s recognition that media representations and gender discourses take shape within particular, and changing, socioeconomic formations which must themselves be analysed and understood. Indeed, one of feminism’s significant contributions to the overall field has been its emphasis on the relationship between gender and class.
[…]
Going beyond the issue of socioeconomic formations, feminists also grappled with the wider concept of political ideology, focussing on how women’s representation is frequently a site on which wider, public meanings are inscribed. At the simplest level, it is clear that all parts of the world, at different times in history, representations and images of women have been used as symbols of political aspirations and social change. An obvious example was the widespread use of particular asexual, “emancipated” female images in Soviet culture: the confident, sturdy woman on her tractor, on the farm, or in the factory. Images of this kind reflected an idealised political vision: “the social realist tradition was intended to create an ideal reality and utilised this model to portray the exemplary woman of the radiant communist future” (Lipovskaya 1994: 124; see also Ibroscheva and Stover 2012). In such a situation female imagery becomes a metaphor for a particular political ideology, rather than a representation of women’s lives. - E.g. Muslim women in head-dresses being blamed for the instances of 9/11-
https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hJRWAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA23&dq=gender+representation+in+media&ots=qUePOk0Vbl&sig=XqdZosV3lj7Omsgq-p5mADNBKdk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
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perfettamentechic · 3 years
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2 gennaio … ricordiamo …
2 gennaio … ricordiamo …
2018: Frank Buxton,  è stato un attore, scrittore televisivo, autore e regista televisivo americano. I suoi primi lavori accreditati sono quelli svolti per la serie di documentari Discovery. Per gran parte degli anni ’70, Buxton ha lavorato come scrittore, produttore e regista. Buxton ha anche creato, scritto, prodotto e diretto la serie televisiva Hot Dog. Al momento della sua morte, era ancora…
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tabloidtoc · 4 years
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People, January 20
Cover: Property Brothers Jonathan and Drew Scott -- new loves, new lives 
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Page 3: Chatter -- Eddie Murphy, Gabrielle Union, Aly Raisman on Jonathan Van Ness, Ryan Seacrest, Katy Perry on Orlando Bloom, Jodie Turner-Smith on Joshua Jackson 
Page 4: 5 Things We’re Talking About This Week -- Knives Out will get a sequel, Ricki Lake bares all, Sharon Stone got kicked off a dating app, American Girl debuts a doll with a difference 
Page 6: Contents 
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Page 10: Star Tracks -- Golden Globes -- Brad Pitt 
Page 11: Charlize Theron and Tom Hanks, Leonardo DiCaprio, Awkwafina 
Page 12: Fashion Favorites -- Renee Zellweger, Ana de Armas, Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Reese Witherspoon 
Page 13: Scarlett Johansson, Kerry Washington, Zoey Deutch, puffy sleeves -- Olivia Colman, Dakota Fanning, Jodie Comer, Beyonce 
Page 14: Bling It On -- Gwyneth Paltrow, Billy Porter, Jennifer Lopez, Sofia Vergara, Cynthia Erivo, Helen Mirren 
Page 16: Their First Globes Together -- Joaquin Phoenix and Rooney Mara, Nick Jonas and Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Taylor Swift and Joe Alwyn, Bill Hader and Rachel Bilson 
Page 17: Renee Zellweger and Jennifer Lopez 
Page 18: Funny Famous Friends -- Eddie Murphy and fiancee Paige Butcher and Colin Jost and Scarlett Johansson, Ellen DeGeneres and Portia de Rossi and Sacha Baron Cohen, Jennifer Aniston and Carol Burnett, the stars’ best quotes 
Page 20: Golden Globes parties -- Tiffany Haddish and Snoop Dogg, Kate McKinnon and sister Emily Lynne, Taylor Swift and Margaret Qualley and Andrew Scott, Reese Witherspoon and Zoe Kravitz 
Page 22: Jennifer Aniston and Sandra Bullock, Patricia Arquette and Salma Hayek, Succesion’s Brian Cox and Kieran Culkin and Jesse Armstrong and Alan Ruck and Sarah Snook, Yara Shahidi and Cynthia Erivo, Taron Egerton and sisters Mary and Rosie 
Page 24: A rare royal portrait -- Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles and Prince William and Prince George 
Page 25: Simone Biles led the Houstan Texans onto the field, Camila Cabello and Shawn Mendes picked up some groceries in Toronto, Will Farrell and son Mattias, Jimmy Fallon and wife Nancy Juvonen and their daughters Winnie and Frances at Disneyland 
Page 26: Sun and Stars -- Brooke Shields, John Legend and kids Luna and Miles
Page 27: Barack Obama in Honolulu, Mark Wahlberg in Barbados, Dua Lipa and Anwar Hadid in Miami 
Page 29: Cameron Diaz and Benji Madden surprise baby news 
Page 30: Michelle Williams engaged and expecting 
Page 32: Heart Monitor -- Peter Facinelli and Lili Anne Harrison engaged, Wilmer Valderrama and Amanda Pacheco engaged, Danielle Brooks and Dennis Gelin engaged, Nikki Bella and Artem Chigvintsev engaged 
Page 35: Matt Lauer moves on with a new woman Shamin Abas, Stacy London finds love with musician Cat Yezbak 
Page 36: Meghan Markle and Prince Harry and baby Archie’s Canadian vacation 
Page 39: Nick Gordon the ex-boyfriend of Whitney Houston’s daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown died of a heroin overdose, celebrity Bachelor fans -- Charlize Theron, Jennifer Lawrence, Anna Kendrick, Sean Penn 
Page 40: Stories to Make You Smile 
Page 43: Passages, Why I Care -- Marcus Scribner advocates for foster youth who have outgrown their foster homes 
Page 47: People Picks -- Schitt’s Creek 
Page 48: Lincoln Rhyme: Hunt for the Bone Collector, The Healing Powers of Dude, Selena Gomez -- Rare 
Page 49: The New Pope
Page 50: 68 Whiskey, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Q&A -- Tamara Taylor 
Page 51: Kevin Hart: Don’t F**k This Up, Dracula, One to Watch -- Manifest’s Luna Blaise 
Page 53: Books 
Page 56: Cover Story -- Drew and Jonathan Scott ready for big changes 
Page 62: Australia Ablaze -- please help the animals injured in this fire by making a donation at rspcansw.org.au 
Page 64: Wedding Special -- Ali Krieger and Ashlyn Harris, Kathy Griffin and Randy Bick 
Page 65: Vanessa Morgan and Michael Kopech, Erin Foster and Simon Tikhman 
Page 66: Nathaniel Newman born with Treacher Collins and his mom Magda 
Page 70: Jennifer Garner’s homegrown passion
Page 72: Tracking a serial killer -- the Texas killing fields 
Page 77: Michael B. Jordan and Bryan Stevenson -- telling a hero’s story 
Page 81: Could this be the worst flu season in a decade? 
Page 83: Beauty -- The 8 products Taraji P. Henson can’t live without
Page 87: Second Look -- Greta Gerwig and Noah Baumbach and son Rohmer 
Page 88: One Last Thing -- Selena Gomez
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chromoscience · 4 years
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News: DNA Located Outside Chromosomes Associated To Brain Cancer Development
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Source: https://www.cancer.gov/rare-brain-spine-tumor/tumors/pnet By: Heather Buschman, PhD One of the ways a cancer-causing gene works up enough power to turn a normal cell into a cancer cell is by copying itself over and over, like a Xerox machine. Scientists have long noticed that when cancer-causing genes do that, they also scoop up some extra DNA into their copies. But it has remained unclear whether the additional DNA helps drive cancer or is just along for the ride. Using human glioblastoma brain tumor samples, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have now determined that all of that extra DNA is critical for maintaining a cancer-causing gene’s activation, and ultimately supporting a cancer cell’s ability to survive. Comparing those findings to a public database of patient tumor genetics, they also discovered that even if two different tumor types are driven by the same cancer-causing gene, the extra DNA may differ. The study, published November 21, 2019 in Cell, could explain why drugs will often work for some cancer types but not others. “We’ve been targeting the cancer-causing gene for therapy, but it turns out we should also think about targeting the switches that are carried along with it,” said co-senior author Peter Scacheri, PhD, Gertrude Donnelly Hess Professor of Oncology at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and member of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center. When the human genome was first fully sequenced, many people were surprised to find it contained far fewer genes — segments of DNA that encode proteins — than expected. It turns out that the remainder of human DNA in the genome, the non-coding regions, play important roles in regulating and enhancing the protein-coding genes — turning them “on” and “off,” for example. In this study, the researchers focused on one example cancer-causing gene, EGFR, which is particularly active in glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, and other cancers. When copies of EGFR pile up in tumors, they tend to be in the form of circular DNA, separate from the chromosome. “In 2004, I was the lead on the first clinical trial to test a small molecule inhibitor of EGFR in glioblastoma,” said co-senior author Jeremy Rich, MD, professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine and director of neuro-oncology and director of the Brain Tumor Institute at UC San Diego Health. “But it didn’t work. And here we are 15 years later, still trying to understand why brain tumors don’t respond to inhibitors of what seems to be one of the most important genes to make this cancer grow.” The team took a closer look at the extra DNA surrounding EGFR circles in 9 of 44 different glioblastoma tumor samples donated by patients undergoing surgery. They discovered that the circles contained as many as 20 to 50 enhancers and other regulatory elements. Some of the regulatory elements had been adjacent to EGFR in the genome, but others were pulled in from other regions of the genome. To determine the role each regulatory element plays, the researchers silenced them one at a time. They concluded that nearly every single regulatory element contributed to tumor growth. “It looks like the cancer-causing gene grabs as many switches it can get its hands on ... co-opting their normal activity to maximize its own expression,” Scacheri said. First author Andrew Morton, a graduate student in Scacheri’s lab, then searched a public database of patient tumor genetic information — more than 4,500 records covering nine different cancer types. He found that the team’s observation was not limited to EGFR and glioblastoma. Enhancers were amplified alongside cancer-causing genes in many tumors, most notably the MYC gene in medulloblastoma and MYCN in neuroblastoma and Wilms tumors. “People thought that the high copy number alone explained the high activity levels of cancer-causing genes, but that’s because people weren’t really looking at the enhancers,” Morton said. “The field has been really gene-centric up to this point, and now we’re taking a broader view.” Next, the researchers want to know if the diversity in regulatory elements across cancer types could also be helping tumors evolve and resist chemotherapy. They also hope to find a class of therapeutic drugs that inhibit these regulatory elements, providing another way to put the brakes on cancer-causing genes. “This isn’t just a laboratory phenomenon, it’s information I need to better treat my patients,” said Rich, who is also a faculty member in the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at UC San Diego Health. Additional study co-authors include: Nergiz Dogan-Artun, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network; Zachary J. Faber, Cynthia F. Bartels, Kevin C. Allan, Case Western Reserve University; Graham MacLeod, Stephane Angers, University of Toronto; Megan S. Piazza, Shashirekha Shetty, University Hospitals, Cleveland; Stephen C. Mack, Baylor College of Medicine; Xiuxing Wang, Qiulian Wu, UC San Diego; Ryan C. Gimple, UC San Diego and Case Western Reserve University; Brian P. Rubin, Cleveland Clinic; Peter B. Dirks, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; Richard C. Sallari, Axiotl, Inc.; Mathieu Lupien, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto. Source: https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/non-coding-dna-located-outside-chromosomes-may-help-drive-glioblastoma Read the full article
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blogwritetheworld · 7 years
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October Spotlight – Reading People: The Art of Interviews
by Lisa Hiton
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Reading is key to becoming an excellent writer. The practice of reading teaches us many skills about writing—sentence structure, inventing vivid images and character development. The attention we pay to reading words can also be given to reading people. It is the writer’s job, after all, to bring people—invented and real—to life on the page. It’s why the reading (or observing) of people is perhaps the writer’s greatest tool. Whether you’re writing a biographical piece about a loved one, an athlete, or a teacher, or inventing someone in a story, the reader needs to find elements of true people in your pages.
There is no better test of one’s ability to read people than by conducting interviews. Interviews require research, preparation, and most importantly, a capacity to listen to your subject. It is in the listening that a great interviewer can begin to open up their subject and allow for spontaneity where a conversation may organically go, if only we prompt our subjects with deft care.
Reading People
There are many keys to conducting successful interviews: researching your subject, staying current on topics you may talk about with your subject, preparing great questions, and so on. What is harder to plan for is the attitude or mood of your subject. Let’s say you’re interviewing an athlete and you want to talk about overcoming a recent injury, but they’re reluctant to discuss their health with you. What might you do? Do you change the subject entirely? Do you ask more follow-up questions? A lot of this will have to do with reading your subject in the moment of the interview.
At the beginning of the interview, for instance, you may find yourself speaking more than your interviewee. As the interview becomes more comfortable for both of you, allow your interviewee to do more of  the talking.The more interviews you conduct, the more comfortable it can be to let the subjects speak for themselves. We can learn these nuances and practice them. Especially by following along with a few masters who have written books about the art of interviews.
The Art of the Interview: Lessons from a Master of the Craft by Lawrence Grobel: Lawrence Grobel has conducted interviews with some of the world’s most beloved celebrities. His experience interviewing stars for the likes of Rolling Stone, The New York Times, Entertainment Weekly, and others has informed his book The Art of the Interview. This craft book begins by drawing differentiations in interviews for different media outlets. From print, to radio, to television, Grobel draws the landscape of interviewing for beginners. He then delves into the nitty-gritty: researching, planning good questions, dealing with publicists, and dealing with reluctant subjects. The latter chapters of the book cover getting subjects to open up to you, editing your interview, and the overall structure of interviews.
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Ask More: The Power of Questions to Open Doors Uncover Solutions, and Spark Change by Frank Sesno: The central skill of interviewing people is asking questions. Frank Sesno’s book, Ask More, is entirely about questions themselves. Sesno’s organized the book by categorizing kinds of questions: diagnostic questions, strategic questions, empathy questions, bridging questions, confrontational questions, creativity questions, mission questions, scientific questions, interview questions, entertaining questions. As an Emmy-award winning journalist for CNN and director of GWU’s school of Media and Public Affairs, Sesno has mastered not only the art of interviewing, but of asking questions—both of his subjects and of the world entire.
The book ends with a question guide. After studying Sesno’s eleven categories of questions, this guide offers us step-by-step instructions toward asking more powerful questions of ourselves and our subjects—be they people or fields of study. Each of these mini-guides goes through different skills and ways to frame each category of questions, as well as including a question-writing prompt.
Mastering the Study of Interviews
A master of interviews and conducting conversations is Oprah Winfrey. We often think of journalism at the forefront of interviewing. And while Oprah was and is a journalist, her approach to understanding people through their own stories has changed the scope of interviews, oral histories, and the rigor of talk shows.
As she said in her commencement address at Harvard University in 2013, Oprah realized she wanted to be a journalist spontaneously, at a young age: “My television career began unexpectedly. I was in a Miss Fire Prevention contest. That was when I was 16 years old in Nashville, Tennessee[...] During the question and answer period the question came, ‘Why, young lady, what would you like to be when you grow up?’ And by the time they got to me all of the good answers were gone. I had seen Barbara Walters on The Today Show earlier, so I responded ‘I would like to be a journalist. I would like to tell other people’s stories in a way that makes a difference in their lives and the world.’ And as those words were coming out of my mouth I went, ‘Whoa, this is pretty good. I would like to make a difference. I would like to be a journalist.’” And so, it’s not just that Oprah realized what she wanted to do, but something essential about the core of it—that engaging with people also meant to engage with their stories. And that by simply coaxing stories out of people, a larger sense of the world could be accessed by the masses.
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As a lifetime fangirl of Oprah Winfrey, the most I’ve ever been moved by her was hearing her commencement speech as I graduated from Harvard in 2013. As she talked about success, failure, and changing the world, here was the passage I found most striking:
The single most important lesson I learned in 25 years of talking every single day to people was that there is a common denominator in our human experience. Most of us, I tell you, we don’t want to be divided, what we want--the common denominator that I’ve found in every single interview—is that we want to be validated. We want to be understood. I’ve done over 35,000 interviews in my career. And as soon as that camera shuts off, everyone always turns to me, and inevitably, in their own way, asks this question: (whispers) Was that okay? I heard it from President Bush. I heard it from President Obama. I’ve heard it from heroes and from housewives. I’ve heard it from victims and perpetrators of crimes. I even heard it from Beyonce in all of her Beyonce-ness. She finishes performing, hands me the microphone, and says, ‘Was that okay?’. Friends and family, enemies, strangers—in every argument, in every encounter, in every exchange, I will tell you, they all want to know one thing: Was that okay? Did you hear me? Do you see me? Did what I say mean anything to you? [...] My hope is that you will go out and try to have more face to face conversations with people you disagree with. That you’ll have the courage to look them in the eye and hear their point of view. To help make sure that the speed and distance and anonymity of our world doesn’t cause us to lose our ability to stand in someone else’s shoes, and recognize all that we share as a people.
No matter who you encounter, no matter how much you may share or disagree, if we keep those vulnerable truths at heart, we can answer those questions by listening with soul and empathy so that we may answer with a truthful yes.
First Lady Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey: The Next Generation of Women: Held during the United State of Women Summit in 2016, this conversation between these two inspiring women addresses many issues women continue to face in our modern world. As you watch the interview or read the transcript, here are some prompts that may help you prepare for your own interviews:
How would you describe the arc of this conversation?
Who is responsible for guiding the conversation?
Break the conversation into movements. Title each movement.
Within each movement, who speaks more? What is the role of the listener?
How does each speaker frame their questions? How does this help the listener/reader?
Annotate the questions raised in the conversation. Label each based on the eleven distinctions from Frank Sesno’s Ask More.
Treasure Troves of (and for) Writers
While we’ve gone through a few of our favorite specific interviews, we’d be remiss not to include a short resource of our favorite homes for literary interviews. Here are three places on the web where you can read and hear conversations with some of your favorite literary figures from all over the world.
The Paris Review Interviews Archive: A longstanding tradition—since the 1950’s!—The Paris Review is home to interviews with the world’s most beloved literary figures. Toni Morrison, Kazuo Ishiguro, James Baldwin, Gabriel García Marquez, Elie Wiesel, Maya Angelou, John Steinbeck, Harold Pinter, T.S. Eliot, Truman Capote, Vladmir Nabokov, Joan Didion, Jean Rhys, Kurt Vonnegat, Cynthia Ozick, Tom Stoppard, Chinua Achebe, Margaret Atwood, Jeannette Winterson, Ray Bradbury, Lydia Davis, Claudia Rankine, Ha Jin, Orhan Pamuk, Hunter S Thompson. Browse through these interviews and many more on The Paris Review’s archives or check out the publication’s Interview anthologies.
Divedapper: Divedapper is a web project devoted entirely to hosting interviews with voices in contemporary poetry. Interviews are posted every other Monday between founder, Kaveh Akbar, and contemporary poets. The poets featured are at different places in their careers, so you can find poets with excellent debut books as well as more established poets in the archives. Claudia Rankine, Danez Smith, Richie Hofmann, Morgan Parker, Franny Choi, Kazim Ali, Monica Youn, Oliver Bendorf, Solmaz Sharif, Ocean Vuong, Fanny Howe. They’re all there and more are coming each month!
Bookworm: Bookworm is a podcast hosted by Michael Silverblatt that boasts “intellectual, accessible, and provocative literary conversations”. Silverblatt has recorded conversational interviews with the likes of just about every living writer you could imagine: Jacqueline Woodson, George Saunders, Jeanette Winterson, Morgan Parker, Kate Tempest. So when you’re looking to practice listening, Bookworm might just be the next binge-worthy literary podcast for you.
So, dear writers, as you think about who you might interview for this month’s competition, take these lessons in listening and asking great questions with you. May those who ask questions and those who answer them in these resources be a source of inspiration to you as you begin your own adventure in reading these books and the people you’ll soon be questioning.
About Lisa
Lisa Hiton is an editorial associate at Write the World. She writes two series on our blog: The Write Place where she comments on life as a writer, and Reading like a Writer where she recommends books about writing in different genres. She’s also the interviews editor of Cosmonauts Avenue and the poetry editor of the Adroit Journal.
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