The sequencing and assembly of the human Y chromosome have been challenging due to its intricate repeat structure, which encompasses lengthy palindromes, tandem repeats, and segmental duplications. The existing GRCh38 reference sequence lacks over half of the Y chromosome’s content, leaving it as the final unfinished human chromosome. Addressing these limitations, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium introduces the full 62,460,029-base-pair sequence of the human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y). This new sequence rectifies multiple errors in GRCh38-Y, supplementing the reference with over 30 million base pairs. It reveals complete ampliconic patterns of gene families like TSPY, DAZ, and RBMY, adds 41 protein-coding genes (primarily from TSPY), and unveils a distinctive alternating arrangement of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks within the heterochromatic Yq12 region. Through integration with the CHM13 genome assembly and the inclusion of population variations, clinical variants, and functional genomics data, a comprehensive reference spanning all 24 human chromosomes has been established.
The complex architecture of the human Y chromosome, with its large repeats and palindromes, plays a pivotal role in fertility. This includes hosting genes that are crucial for spermatogenesis and sex determination. Although it remains notably incomplete due to over half of its makeup being riddled with gaps in the GRCh38 human reference genome, this condition impedes comprehensive analysis of regions such as Azoospermia factors associated with infertility.
Despite these challenges, breakthroughs from the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium have allowed researcher Adam M. Phillippy and his team to assemble the entire CHM13 cell line genome; however, they could not fully put together the Y chromosome because of its unique characteristics. The Human Pangenome Reference Consortium (HPRC) concurrently launched a project to embody a broader genomic range via the use of the HG002 genome. This endeavor successfully resulted in the reconstruction of the full sequence for the Y chromosome, known as T2T-Y.
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transistor2tnanslator is a research group dedicated to finding solutions to problems that isolate humans.
We believe communication and ideas are two completely separate things.
We want to remove any and all barriers to connecting with another person.
Some areas of interest:
Natural Language
Accessibility
Information Theory
“Language is but a vehicle for ideas”
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https://x.com/amondetauro/status/1733643022624067747?s=12
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Join us now for the kick-off another successful season of #T2T! #TuneIn #Fridays #WCSU #iHeartRadio at 6pm cst for In Demand Entertainment’s #TimeToTalk w/ King Solo! Featuring Special Guests! Giving Voice to the Unheard! Call in via 773-995-2828! Watch via Facebook Live: Solomon Arnold! To listen on the go download the iHeartRadio app and Subscribe to WCSU via https://www.iheart.com/live/wcsu-chicago-state-university-6067/. (at iHeartRadio WCSU studio) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn8B54rLEu3/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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Check out this listing I just found on Poshmark: *HP* Walt Disney Movie Lot (Vhs).
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*uncomfortable flashbacks*
Me: *gets back into LOTR and wants to make an OC*
The annoying Mary Sue half-elf half-hobbit self-insert with a ridiculous name based on my actual name I made when I was a dumb teen: Hi.
Me: Fuck off.
This time I’ll actually make an OC the right way?? It’s just hard to name Men OCs because Sindarin translators are shit.
She’s going to be a Man/human for reference and she’ll be like, RoP-era. Like she’s gonna be Númenorean.
what r u talkin about im not shipping her with elendil
pov: ur 20 and you realize you have a thing for guys with brown hair and facial hair
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Ganon Jones Jr. v Mikey Montgomery
Enjoy Wrestling: Something to Write Home About 2023 6.17.2023
#enjoywrestling#wrestling#prowrestling#professionalwrestling#pittsburgh#mrsmalls
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Finished the relationship chart for these two!
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tgirl sat in the same seat on the bus as me (opposite side) and is sitting the same way i sit (feet up on the seat) and i bet theres a metaphor there
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did i interpret it right that jay and tim were both trans in ur text fic bcs if i did thank you so much i love t2t jaytim and you rarely see it;0;
Tbh that wasnt intended (at least in the “egg has cracked”/“characters are self aware of being trans” way) but Tim especially has some stuff playing out under the surface which is why he requested the word “cunt” etc. I love that the language they used led to that interpretation for you, and you can absolutely read it as that (just don’t want to “take credit” for something I didn’t follow through on). I also love t4t jaytim. And t4t anything else
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t4t... t3t... t2t.... t1t... ignition.. WE HAVE LIFTOFF!
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Tomorrow we kick-off another successful season of #T2T! #TuneIn #Fridays #WCSU #iHeartRadio at 6pm cst for In Demand Entertainment’s #TimeToTalk w/ King Solo! Featuring Special Guests! Giving Voice to the Unheard! Call in via 773-995-2828! Watch via Facebook Live: Solomon Arnold! To listen on the go download the iHeartRadio app and Subscribe to WCSU via https://www.iheart.com/live/wcsu-chicago-state-university-6067/. (at iHeartRadio WCSU studio) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn5oh5yLUSg/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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yeah i cant afford the name brand stuff so im actually only t2t. yeah not even 3
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