#caproic acid

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Table 23.1 lists several of the unbranched aliphatic carboxylic acids found in the biological world (e.g. figure 23.1), along with the common names of each.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[5545321]

Lipid Nutrition Market to Reach $24.71 Billion by 2030

Meticulous Research®—a leading global market research company, published a research report titled, ‘Lipid Nutrition Market by Type (Omega-3, Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT), Omega-6, Omega-9) Source (Marine, Plant), Form (Liquid, Dry), Application (Dietary Supplements, Food & Beverages, Pharmaceuticals, Animal Feed) - Global Forecast to 2030.’

According to this latest publication from Meticulous Research®, the global lipid nutrition market is projected to reach $24.71 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 8.9% from 2023 to 2030. The growth of the lipid nutrition market is mainly attributed to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, the growing senior population, and the increasing demand for infant foods and dietary supplements. However, the finite supply of fish oil and the uncertain regulatory environment is expected to restrain the growth of this market to a notable extent.

The lipid nutrition market is segmented by type (omega-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)], medium chain triglycerides (MCT) [caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, caproic acid], omega-6 [arachidonic acid (ARA), gamma linoleic acid (GLA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)], long-chain triglycerides, omega-9 [oleic acid, elaidic acid, gondoic acid, mead acid, others] and others), source (marine-sourced [fish oil, algae oil, krill oil, other marine oils], and plant-sourced [coconut oil, flaxseed oil, chia seed oil, soybean oil, and other plants oil]), form (liquid, dry), application (dietary supplements, food & beverages, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, and other applications), and geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa). The study also evaluates industry competitors and analyzes the market at regional and country levels.

Among all types studied in this report, the omega-3 segment is expected to account for the largest share of the global lipid nutrition market in 2023. The large market share of this segment is attributed to the benefits of omega-3 in reducing the risk of heart disease and managing rheumatoid arthritis. The medicinal properties and growing demand for lipids in animal feed are further expected to boost the demand for this segment.

Among all sources studied in this report, the plant-sourced segment is slated to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The rapid growth of this segment is attributed to the growing health awareness among consumers, the increasing vegetarian population, easily available raw materials, and the high source of essential lipids in the plant source.

Among all forms studied in this report, the liquid segment is expected to account for the larger share of the global lipid nutrition market in 2023. The large market share of this segment is attributed to the use of the liquid form of lipids to develop soft gel capsules, ease of consumption, and no further expensive processing boost the demand for nutritional lipids in liquid form.

Among all applications studied in this report, in 2023, the dietary supplements segment is expected to account for the largest share of the lipid nutrition market. The large market share of this segment is attributed to factors such as the increasing demand for nutrition from food manufacturers, the rising number of product launches, the large demand for food supplements, and growing health awareness among consumers.

Among all regions studied in this report, in 2023, North America is expected to account for the largest share of the lipid nutrition market. The large market share of this region is attributed to the presence of key nutritional lipids manufacturers, a growing vegan population, high investments in the research & development of food supplements, and high disposable income.

Key Players

The global lipid nutrition market is characterized by a moderately competitive scenario due to many large and small-sized global, regional, and local players. The key players operating in the lipid nutrition market are Koninklijke DSM N.V. (Netherlands), Polaris Nutritional Lipids (France), Archer Daniels Midland Company (U.S.), Stepan Company (U.S.), BASF SE (Germany), Solutex GC S.L. (Spain), FMC Corporation (U.S.), Pharma Marine AS (Norway), Croda International Plc. (U.K.), Cargill, Incorporated (U.S.), Aker Biomarine ASA (Norway), Clover Corporation (Australia), Omega Protein Corporation (U.S.), Lonza Group AG (Switzerland), GC Rieber Oil AS (Norway), Kerry Group (Ireland), Cellana Inc (U.S.), and Nordiac Naturals, Inc.(U.S.).

Download Sample Report Here @ https://www.meticulousresearch.com/download-sample-report/cp_id=3045

Key Questions Answered in the Report-

What is the current value of revenue generated by the global lipid nutrition market?

At what rate is the global lipid nutrition demand projected to grow for the next 5–7 years?

What are the historical market sizes and growth rates of the global lipid nutrition market?

What are the major factors impacting the growth of this market at the global and regional levels? What are the major opportunities for existing players and new entrants in the market?

Which segments in terms of type, source, form, and application create major traction for the manufacturers in this market?

What are the key geographical trends in this market? Which regions/countries are expected to offer significant growth opportunities for the manufacturers operating in the lipid nutrition market?

Who are the major players in the global lipid nutrition market? What are their specific product offerings in this market?

What are the recent strategic developments in the global lipid nutrition market? What are the impacts of these strategic developments on the market?

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[jedyfwf]

Global Caprolactam Market Assessment: Current Status and Outlook

Caprolactam, a key intermediate in the production of nylon, is a vital component in the landscape of specialty chemicals. This blog aims to unravel the complexities of the global Caprolactam market, offering insights into the market dynamics, demand drivers, applications, emerging trends, and the promising trajectory ahead.

Understanding Caprolactam:

Caprolactam Is a cyclic amide of caproic acid and is predominantly used in the production of Nylon 6, a versatile polymer known for its strength, durability, and diverse applications. As a critical raw material, Caprolactam has found its place in various industries, driving innovation and contributing to the evolution of materials and products.

Market Dynamics:

Growing Demand for Nylon 6: Caprolactam's primary application lies in the production of Nylon 6, a widely used polymer in industries such as textiles, automotive, and packaging, contributing significantly to the market's growth.

Textile Industry Revival: The textile industry's increased demand for Nylon 6 fibers for applications in apparel, carpets, and industrial textiles is a major driver propelling the Caprolactam market forward.

Expanding Automotive Sector: With Nylon 6 being a preferred material for various automotive components due to its lightweight and durable nature, the Caprolactam market is influenced by the growth in the automotive sector.

Sustainable Practices: The market is witnessing a surge in demand for Caprolactam and bio-based eco-friendly, as industries emphasize sustainability and environmental responsibility in their production processes.

Applications Across Industries:

Textiles: Nylon 6 fibers produced from Caprolactam are extensively used in the textile industry for the manufacturing of apparel, carpets, and industrial textiles.

Automotive: Nylon 6's lightweight and durable properties make it a preferred material for automotive components such as engine parts, gears, and interior components.

Packaging: Caprolactam plays a role in the production of Nylon 6 films and packaging materials, contributing to the packaging industry's diverse needs.

Electronics: Nylon 6 is utilized in the electronics industry for the manufacturing of connectors, insulators, and various components.

Emerging Trends:

Focus on Bio-Based Caprolactam: As sustainability gains prominence, there is an increased focus on developing Caprolactam from renewable sources, promoting eco-friendly alternatives in the market.

Technological Advancements: Ongoing research and development efforts are aimed at enhancing Caprolactam production processes, improving efficiency, and reducing environmental impact.

Circular Economy Initiatives: Recycling and closed-loop systems for Caprolactam and Nylon 6 products are emerging trends, aligning with the global push towards a circular economy.

Future Prospects:

The global Caprolactam market is poised for significant growth, fueled by the expanding applications of Nylon 6, advancements in production technologies, and the industry's commitment to sustainability. As industries continue to seek innovative solutions, Caprolactam is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of materials.

Conclusion:

Caprolactam's central role in the production of Nylon 6 makes it an integral part of various industries. Navigating the global Caprolactam market requires a keen understanding of market dynamics, emerging trends, and the evolving demands of industries. With a promising future shaped by sustainability initiatives and technological advancements, Caprolactam stands as a driving force in the ongoing evolution of specialty chemicals and materials.

[chemicalresearchupdates]

Technological Advancements Shaping the Future of Caprolactam Market

Definition: Caprolactam is a key chemical compound used in the production of nylon 6, a versatile polymer with a wide range of applications. It is a cyclic amide of caproic acid and is primarily employed as a precursor in the synthesis of nylon fibers, resins, and engineering plastics.

Market Overview: The global Caprolactam market has witnessed substantial growth in recent years. This growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for nylon-based products in various industries, including textiles, automotive, packaging, and electronics. Caprolactam serves as the essential building block for nylon 6, which is known for its excellent strength, durability, and versatility. As a result, the Caprolactam market has become a critical component of the broader chemicals and materials industry.

Market Growth: The Caprolactam market has experienced steady growth due to its extensive use in the production of nylon fibers and resins. As consumer preferences for durable and lightweight materials continue to rise, the demand for nylon-based products has surged. Additionally, the automotive and construction industries have also played a significant role in driving caprolactam market growth, as they require nylon-based materials for various applications.

Market Industry: The Caprolactam industry encompasses a range of manufacturers, including chemical companies that specialize in its production. These companies are engaged in the manufacturing of Caprolactam from raw materials like cyclohexanone or phenol. They often invest in research and development to improve production efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. The industry also includes downstream players involved in the production of nylon-based products and their distribution across different sectors.

Market Trends: Several notable trends are shaping the Caprolactam market. Sustainability is a key focus, with manufacturers increasingly adopting eco-friendly production processes and exploring bio-based sources of Caprolactam. Moreover, advancements in polymer technology have led to the development of high-performance nylon products, opening up new applications in fields such as 3D printing and medical devices. Additionally, regional dynamics and trade policies are influencing market growth and investment strategies.

In conclusion, the Caprolactam market is a vital component of the global chemicals and materials industry, driven by the growing demand for nylon-based products and ongoing innovations in production methods. Sustainable practices and technological advancements are likely to continue shaping the industry's trajectory in the coming years.

[pearlsmith25]

Medium-chain Triglycerides Market Size, Trending Technologies with Growth Outlook, Regional Analysis and Challenges to 2030

Introduction to Medium-chain Triglycerides:

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a type of fat molecule composed of medium-length fatty acid chains. They are commonly found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and dairy products. Unlike long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), which are the predominant type of fat in the diet, MCTs have a unique structure that allows them to be rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the body.

MCTs are named based on the length of their fatty acid chains. Typically, medium-chain fatty acids have 6 to 12 carbon atoms, with the most common MCTs being caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), and lauric acid (C12). Among these, caprylic acid and capric acid are considered to be the most desirable due to their health benefits and easy digestion.

One of the main advantages of MCTs is their ability to provide a quick source of energy. Unlike other dietary fats that need to be broken down in the digestive system and transported through the lymphatic system before reaching the bloodstream, MCTs are rapidly absorbed and transported directly to the liver, where they are quickly converted into energy. This makes MCTs an efficient energy source, especially for individuals with compromised fat absorption or those needing quick energy, such as athletes.

Market Overview:

The medium-chain triglycerides market has been experiencing significant growth in recent years. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing consumer demand for healthy and functional foods, the rising awareness of the health benefits associated with MCTs, and the expanding applications of MCTs in various industries such as food and beverages, dietary supplements, personal care, and pharmaceuticals.

Health Benefits of Medium-chain Triglycerides:

MCTs offer several health benefits, which have contributed to their popularity among consumers. Some of the key benefits include:

• Weight Management: MCTs have been found to promote weight loss by increasing satiety and boosting metabolism. • Energy Source: MCTs are quickly converted into energy, making them an excellent source of fuel for athletes and individuals on low-carb or ketogenic diets. • Brain Function: MCTs are believed to enhance cognitive function and support brain health. • Heart Health: MCTs have been shown to help improve lipid profiles by increasing HDL (good) cholesterol and reducing LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. • Digestive Health: MCTs possess antimicrobial properties and can aid in the absorption of nutrients, supporting digestive health.

Market Segmentation:

• Source: Coconut oil-derived MCTs and palm kernel oil-derived MCTs are the most common sources. • Form: MCTs are available in liquid and powder forms to cater to various applications. • Application: MCTs are used in food and beverages, dietary supplements, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals.

Market Trends and Drivers:

Several trends and drivers are fueling the growth of the MCT market:

• Increasing Health Consciousness: Consumers are becoming more health-conscious, seeking out functional foods and ingredients with proven health benefits. • Growing Demand for Natural and Clean Label Products: There is a rising demand for natural and clean label products, driving the preference for MCTs derived from natural sources. • Adoption of Ketogenic and Low-Carb Diets: The popularity of ketogenic and low-carb diets has increased the demand for MCTs as an energy source and weight management aid. • Product Innovation and Diversification: Companies are continuously innovating and developing new MCT products and applications to cater to a broader customer base.

Competitive Landscape:

The medium-chain triglycerides market is highly competitive, with several key players dominating the industry. Some of the prominent companies operating in this market include:

Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition Nestle SA BASF SE Stepan Company Jarrow Formulas NOW Foods Koninklijke DSM N.V. Wilmar International Limited Croda International Plc Lonza Group Ltd.

Regulations and Safety:

MCTs are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory authorities such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it's essential for manufacturers to adhere to quality standards and regulatory requirements specific to their target markets.

Future Outlook:

The medium-chain triglycerides market is expected to continue its growth trajectory in the coming years. Factors such as increasing consumer awareness, expanding applications, and technological advancements in production processes are likely to drive the market. Additionally, the growing demand for natural and clean label products is expected to create new opportunities for MCT manufacturers.

It's worth noting that market trends and conditions can change over time, so it's important to refer to the latest industry reports and market research for the most up-to-date information on the Medium-chain Triglycerides market.

[freddabranyon]

That Delicious Smelling Vanilla

Vanilla oil contains a variety of health-promoting properties beyond its fantastic aroma and delicious flavor.  Vanilla is a really sweet-smelling essential oil derived from Vanilla planifolia, which is a native species of the Orchidacease family.  The word vanilla derives from the Spanish word vainilla, which means little black pod and is indigenous to Central America and Mexico.  Finding pure vanilla oil in the market can be very time-consuming and confusing.  The oil is classified based on the place of origin of the vanilla plant that was used, such as:

Bourbon vanilla from Madagascar

Mexican vanilla from Mexico

Tahitian vanilla from French Polynesia

West Indian vanilla from the Caribbean and Central and South American

The type of extraction method can also be used to identify the vanilla.  

In Mexico during the time of the Aztecs, they were known to add vanilla to a drink they called cacahuatl, which includes cacao beans, corn, honey and chili peppers.  Vanilla has been extensively used through the years in:

Cooking

Pharmaceutical and chemical industries

Perfumery

It has also been particularly useful in helping to improve one’s emotional and physiological health and well-being, when used in aromatherapy.  The aroma can bring back good childhood memories.

Components of vanilla oil are vanillin and traces of other constituents such as eugenol, piperonal and caproic acid.  About 150 different aromas are contained in vanilla oil in very small amounts.

      Benefits of vanilla oil are:

Regulate menstruation

Relieve nausea

Ease stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia

Enhance your libido

Relieve nausea

Heal wounds

Induce sleep and encourage dreaming

Using a potential fever reducer, vanilla oil can be included due to its eugenol and vanillin content.  Also, vanilla oil is used for topical applications to help soothe burns, promote healthy skin and encourage hair growth, as well as a massage oil to reduce muscle or joint pain.  There is a range of positive effects when vanilla oil is used in aromatherapy.

There is no toxicity known in vanilla oil.  Beware, however, of products with lab-produced vanillin sold as pure vanilla oil by disreputable manufacturers.  Some of the vanilla oil from Mexico may be mixed with tonga bean that contains coumarin, a harmful chemical that has been banned in food by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Some side effects known from the use of artificial vanilla oil are possible allergy reactions such as headache or nausea.  If any of these are noticed, discontinue its use immediately.  Otherwise, love that delicious sweet smell!

-Dr Fredda Branyon

[poojascmi]

Caprolactam Market In-Depth Insights during Forecast period 2017-2025

The growing demand for bio-based Caprolactam in engineering plastics and films, the requirement for lightweight automotive vehicles, and continuous research and development largely focused on recycling Caprolactam are projected to drive the Caprolactam Market in the coming years. The Global Caprolactam Industry study provides a comprehensive analysis of the market. The research provides a thorough examination of major segments, trends, drivers, constraints, the competitive landscape, and factors that are significant in the Caprolactam Market.

Caprolactam is an organic chemical that is used in the production of synthetic fibres, the most common of which being nylon 6. This colourless solid is a caproic acid lactam (a cyclic amide). Nylon 6, a commonly used synthetic polymer, is derived from caprolactam. These fibres are used to make a variety of goods, including synthetic leather, textile stiffeners, film coatings, polymers, paint vehicles, and plasticizers. Due to exceptional properties such as high elasticity, strength, chemical & oil resistance, and high abrasion resistance of bio-based polymer, such environmental goods are projected to be in high demand during the forecast period.

Read more- https://cmi-latestreportorientedblogs.blogspot.com/2022/07/worldwide-demand-for-caprolactam-market.html

[foodsindustry]

Medium Chain Triglycerides Market Expansion  Strategies, and Business Module Analysis

Medium Chain Triglycerides Market – Overview

The expansion of the application sectors for medium chain triglycerides is expected to influence the progress of the market encouragingly. Market reports linked with the chemicals and materials industry have been presented by Market Research Future which makes reports on other industry verticals that aims to analyze the current market scenarios better. The market is expected to achieve an encouraging CAGR in the period of the forecast.

The health benefits that can be attained from the intake of medium chain triglycerides such as efficient metabolism and proper weight management are expected to bolster market growth positively. The medium chain triglycerides market is expected to make the most of the prospects that can be gained from their use in the treatment of various diseases, in sports supplements and a broad range of cosmetic and personal care products in the coming years.

Detailed Regional Analysis      

The regional medium chain triglycerides market analysis consists of Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa. The Asia Pacific is anticipated to illustrate the maximum development with an escalating CAGR through the forecast period. The increasing population and the escalating personal disposable incomes in the emerging nations have improved the consumption of personal care and cosmetic products which is motivating the development of the medium chain triglycerides market in the region. Additionally, the increasing food industry is also motivating the demand for medium chain triglycerides market. The rising infant population in the region is fuelling the demand for the market in infant nutrition. The North American region is expected to be the prime region in the medium chain triglycerides market. The increasing awareness about the health benefits of medium chain triglycerides is projected to advance the market growth further. Furthermore, the altering lifestyles have improved the incidence of lifestyle disease such as diabetes and obesity that is spurring demand for medium chain triglycerides due to its use as a normal fat replacer. The European market is projected to demonstrate a CAGR of over 4% in the forecast period. The increasing use of the creams, hair care products and moisturizer has augmented the demand for medium chain triglycerides in the region’s developed cosmetic and personal care industry. The increasing demand for dietary and sports supplements in the region is projected to add to the expansion of the segment notably. Also, the use of medium chain triglycerides in antiviral and antibacterial medicine among others is also optimistically propelling the market growth.

Key Players:

The significant contenders in the medium chain triglycerides market are KLK Oleo (Malaysia), Sternchemie GmbH & Co KG (Germany), BASF SE (Germany), DuPont (U.S.), Wilmar International Ltd (Singapore), Sternchemie Lipid Technology (Germany), Stepan Company (U.S.), Jarrow Formulas (U.S), Emery Oleochemicals (U.S.), and ABITEC (U.S) among others

Segmental Analysis

The segmental analysis of the medium chain triglycerides market is done on the basis of form, source, acid type, fatty, and application. Based on source, the market is segmented into palm, coconut, and others. By form, the medium chain triglyceride market is bifurcated into liquid form and dry form. Based on fatty acid type, the market is segmented into capric acid, lauric acid, caprylic acid, and caproic acid. By application, the medium chain triglyceride market consists of cosmetic & personal care, dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, infant nutrition, sports drinks, and others.

Competitive Analysis

The presence of a productive entity is expected to generate more sales or superior margins compared to its market rivals. The advent of new technology has boosted the growth potential of the market. Substantial cutbacks in administrative finances are bringing further development to the market. The development of a strong value chain is moreover motivating the expansion of the market. The market competitors find themselves in a favorable position with the ability to manage the pace of change. The market shows potential for demonstrating a greater comparative or differential value. The market trends hint at favorable development of the products that can bring in novelty to the product range and address the customer need better.

NOTE: Our Team of Researchers are Studying Covid19 and its Impact on Various Industry Verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid19 Footprints for Better Analysis of Market and Industries. Cordially get in Touch for More Details.

[patimpexindia]

PHARMA FORMULATIONS AND PERSONAL CARE

NONYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATES ( 2 TO 80MOLES) 1,2,4 Triazolo [4,3-a] Pyridine 3(2H) One 1,4 DIOXANE 1-(2,3-Dichloro phenyl) Piperazine Hydrochloride 2 PHENOXY ETHANOL 4-fluoro aniline ACID THICKNER B H A / B H T BKC 50% CAPRIC ACID CAPROIC ACID CAPRYLIC ACID CETO STEARY ALCOHOL COCO AMINO PROPYL BETAINE (CAPB) COCODIETHANOLAMIDE COCOMONOETHANOLAMIDE DECYL ALCOHOL DIMETHYL AMINO PROPYLAMINE DMDM HYDANTOIN ETHYL CARBITOL ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO STEARATE GLUTARALDEHYDE 50% GLYCERINE GLYCERYL MONO STEARATE HEPTANOIC ACID ISO BUTYRIC ACID ISO PROPYL ALCOHOL ISO PROPYL PALMITATE ISO VALERIC ACID ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE LAURIC ACID LAURYL ALCOHOL META PARA CRESOL Mono Potassium Phosphate MYRESTYL ALCOHOL MYRISTIC ACID N BUTYRIC ACID N PROPANOL OCTYL ALCOHOL OCTYL METHOXY CINNAMATE OLEIC ACID - 75 % P V P K 30 PARA CHLORO META CRESOL PARA CHLORO META XYLENOL PEG – 200/ 400/600 /4000 POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE(MONO) POTASSIUM SORBATE POVIDONE IODINE SALICYLALDEHYDE SODIUM HEXA METHA PHOSPHATE SODIUM LAURYL ETHER SULPHATE SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE SORBIC ACID SORBITOL STEARIC ACID THIOGLYCOLIC ACID TRIACETIN TRIETHANOLAMINE LAURYL SULPHATE TWEEN 80 / TWEEN 20 ULTOX FAE 16 XANTHAN GUM

[cooperhewitt]

Big, Blue, and Bioplastic

Designers Rutger de Regt and Marlies van Putten, the principals of Handmade Industrials, are both inspired and concerned by today’s production processes that are increasingly driven by computers. They ask, are we reducing or removing the presence of human experience and experimentation in manufacturing? Are we losing touch with our environment—is it becoming increasingly artificial? This RYB vessel is part of their Sculpt series that addresses these questions and explores biodegradable thermoplastics and their industrial applications. The vessel is made of caprolactone, a biodegradable bioplastic derived from caproic acid, a fatty acid found in animal fats and oils. It is also a component in vanilla.

To make each vessel, Handmade Industrials manipulates and heats caprolactone granules in a flexible latex mold. The technique grew out of an earlier project based on a patented single wall molding method devised by the studio. For this series, the designers pour tiny caprolactone pellets into a balloon-like mold that can be made in any size or configuration. The designers extract all the air from the mold with a vacuum pump, then seal it. They push, pull, and sculpt the pellet-filled “balloon” into any shape, by hand, or with elastic bands or other constraints. Next, they heat the shaped form to melt and bond the pellets, resulting in a thick-walled form. Once the vessel cools, the thin latex mold is peeled off and any unmelted pellets are poured out.

The result is a hollow vessel of unique form, with a smooth outer wall and a rough inner wall that has retained the texture of the bonded granules. The designers utilized industrial tools, methods and materials in making the RYB vessel, yet its curved and indented free-form shape shows the influence and touch of the human hand. A peek into the rough interior reveals traces of the industrial process. The vessel is a contemporary exploration of the relationship between craft and industry; it is also an exercise in color experimentation. The pellets are colored with a combination of mineral and synthetic pigments (here, dark chalk yellow and ultramarine blue, respectively) before they are poured into the mold. The color is bonded along with the bioplastic.

This object is currently on view Nature by Design: Plastics.

Cynthia Trope is the Associate Curator of Product Design and Decorative Arts at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.

from Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum https://ift.tt/2NKq9Sy via IFTTT

[bittersweetjj]

Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Cream

Price: $22 / $52

Claims: Drench your skin with a liquid cloud of moisture drawn from the atmosphere. This concentrated 30% Hyaluronic Acid Complex cream provides up to 72 hours of hydration—even after cleansing. Three molecular sizes of Hyaluronic Acid, a potent hydrator that can constantly attract and retain up to 1,000 times its weight in water from moisture in the atmosphere, help replenish skin to make it appear more supple, full and smooth. Ceramides help lock in moisture while ProHyal+® helps improve hydration for healthier-looking skin. Antioxidant-rich Elderberry helps defy the look of aging. The appearance of fine lines and wrinkles is visibly reduced, leaving a silky, hydrated and more youthful-looking complexion. Oil-free, alcohol-free, fragrance-free.

Ingredients:

Hyaluronic Acid: A protein; used as an excellent skin conditioner and humectant, it helps prevent skin dehydration.

Water: Primarily used as a solvent in cosmetics and personal care products in which it dissolves many of the ingredients that impart skin benefits, such as conditioning agents and cleansing agents. Water also forms emulsions in which the oil and water components of the product are combined to form creams and lotions.

Glycerin: An emollient and humectant derived from vegetable oils that helps skin retain moisture.

Cyclopentasiloxane: Lightweight silicone with a silky, slippery feel that functions as a skin/hair conditioning agent.

Dipropylene Glycol: Used as a solvent, it has also found use as a fragrance, masking agent and in controlling the viscosity of a formulation.

Dimethicone: A type of silicone, forms a permeable barrier that works to prevent moisture loss and impart a wonderfully silky feel.

Cyclohexasiloxane: A silicone. Primarily works as a skin conditioning agent and emollient. Like all other silicones, this ingredient has a unique fluidity that makes it easily spreadable. When applied to the skin, it gives a silky & slippery feeling to the touch and acts a mild water repellent by forming a protective barrier on the skin. It can also fill in fine lines/wrinkles, giving the face a temporary “plump” look.

Yeast Extract: Large group of fungi that ferment sugars; yeast is a source of beta-glucan, which is a good antioxidant. The types of yeast used in cosmetic products are not harmful and in fact likely contribute to creating a healthier-looking skin surface due to their softening and conditioning action.

Sodium Hyaluronate: The sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, which is a protein occurring in the skin. An excellent skin conditioner and humectant, it helps prevent skin dehydration.

Ceramide EOP: Ceramides are necessary for their water-retention capacity and adding them to a skincare product helps provide replenishing and restoring benefits. Ceramides work best for skin when they’re combined with other replenishing ingredients like fatty acids and cholesterol. These lipid mixtures work in multiple ways to improve skin’s texture, suppleness, and help calm signs of sensitivity. 

Ceramide EOS: Ceramides are necessary for their water-retention capacity and adding them to a skincare product helps provide replenishing and restoring benefits. Ceramides work best for skin when they’re combined with other replenishing ingredients like fatty acids and cholesterol. These lipid mixtures work in multiple ways to improve skin’s texture, suppleness, and help calm signs of sensitivity. 

Ceramide Ap: Ceramides are necessary for their water-retention capacity and adding them to a skincare product helps provide replenishing and restoring benefits. Ceramides work best for skin when they’re combined with other replenishing ingredients like fatty acids and cholesterol. These lipid mixtures work in multiple ways to improve skin’s texture, suppleness, and help calm signs of sensitivity. 

Ceramide NP: Ceramides are necessary for their water-retention capacity and adding them to a skincare product helps provide replenishing and restoring benefits. Ceramides work best for skin when they’re combined with other replenishing ingredients like fatty acids and cholesterol. These lipid mixtures work in multiple ways to improve skin’s texture, suppleness, and help calm signs of sensitivity. 

Ceramide NS: Ceramides are necessary for their water-retention capacity and adding them to a skincare product helps provide replenishing and restoring benefits. Ceramides work best for skin when they’re combined with other replenishing ingredients like fatty acids and cholesterol. These lipid mixtures work in multiple ways to improve skin’s texture, suppleness, and help calm signs of sensitivity.

Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract (Elderberry): Also known as black elderberry or Sambucus nigra, this dark purple to black shrub-growing berry has potent antioxidant properties due to the flavonoid and various polyphenol compounds naturally present in the fruit. Elderberry also has remarkable skin-soothing effects and can help defend skin’s appearance from environmental pollutants.

Hydrolyzed Silk: Protein substance (also called sericin) formed by converting silk, which is the soft, lustrous thread obtained from the cocoon of the silkworm. Silk protein can have water-binding properties for skin. However, whether the protein applied to skin is derived from animals or plants, the skin can’t tell the difference. There is a small amount of research showing silk protein may have topical antioxidant properties

Sodium Pca: Natural component of skin, PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) is also a very good hydrating agent. Sodium PCA also functions as a skin-replenishing ingredient.

Tocopherol: Used as an antioxidant and skin conditioner.

Ascorbyl Palmitate: Stable and nonacidic form of vitamin C that is effective as an antioxidant. Particularly effective at reducing environmental damage.

Caprooyl Phytosphingosine: A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and phytosphingosine, this ingredient works to replenish and restore a healthier-looking skin surface, creating a smooth, hydrated feel. As a component of naturally-occurring ceramides, caprooyl phytosphingosine is brilliant for stopping moisture loss from skin’s uppermost layers.

Caprooyl Sphingosine: A mixture of fatty acids caproic acid and sphingosine, this ingredient works to replenish and restore a healthier-looking skin surface, creating a smooth, hydrated feel. As a component of naturally-occurring ceramides, caprooyl sphingosine is brilliant for stopping moisture loss from skin’s uppermost layers.

Saccharide Isomerate: Good water-binding agent and emollient for skin, and particularly helpful for dry skin.

Saccharomyces Magnesium Ferment: Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of magnesium ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.

Saccharomyces Iron Ferment: Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of iron ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.

Saccharomyces Copper Ferment: Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of copper ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.

Saccharomyces Silicon Ferment: Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of silicon ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.

Saccharomyces Zinc Ferment: Extract of yeast fermented in the presence of zinc ions. There is no known benefit for skin, though it may have antioxidant properties.

Olea Europaea (Olive) Leaf Extract: Antioxidant-rich, emollient oil; helps fight damage caused by free radicals to protect, condition, and seal moisture into skin without clogging pores.

Methyl Gluceth-20: Synthetic liquid that functions as a water-binding and skin-softening agent.

Ethylhexylglycerin: A synthetic skin-softening agent also used as a preservative, a carrier, or suspending agent for other preservatives such as phenoxyethanol.

Lauryl Peg-9 Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone: A silicone polymer that has multiple functions in cosmetic products, including skin/hair softening and texture enhancer.

Cholesterol: Applied topically, cholesterol in cosmetics can help maintain the skin’s healthy feel and appearance. It is also a stabilizer, emollient, and water-binding agent.

Sodium Chloride: Used primarily as a binding agent, thickening agent. and occasionally as an abrasive.

Sodium Citrate: Used primarily to control the pH level of a product, this ingredient also has antioxidant and preservative properties.

Citric Acid: An alpha hydroxy acid and astringent with antioxidant properties; used to help skin maintain its natural pH level or adjust the pH of a product.

Behenic Acid: Fatty acid used as a thickening agent and surfactant.

Propylene Glycol: A versatile moisturizer. Propylene Glycol acts by retaining the moisture content of skin or the formula, preventing the escape of moisture or water.

Ceteareth-25: A fatty alcohol that functions as an emulsifier and surfactant in cosmetics. It may be plant- or animal-derived or made synthetically. Ceteareth-25 also helps to keep ingredients soluble within a formula, allowing remain dispersed evenly throughout an emulsion. 

Butylene Glycol: Commonly-used ingredient that has multiple functions in cosmetics, including as a texture enhancer. It’s similar to propylene glycol, but has a lighter texture.

Dimethicone/Peg-10/15 Crosspolymer: A mixture of the silicone dimethicone with PEG-10 and PEG-15.

Cetyl Alcohol: Fatty alcohol used as an emollient, emulsifier, thickener, and carrying agent for other ingredients. It is not an irritant and is not related to SD alcohol, denatured alcohol, or ethyl alcohol. Cetyl alcohol is considered safe for use in cosmetics.

Disodium EDTA: Used as a chelating, meaning it prevents ingredients in a formula from binding with trace elements (mainly minerals) that can be present in water.

Sodium Benzoate: A preservative.

Potassium Sorbate: Used as a preservative, almost always used in conjunction with other preservatives.

Phenoxyethanol: A glycol ether and bactericide (that functions as a disinfectant, antiseptic or antibiotic) that is primarily used as a preservative. It is also seen as a fragrance additive.

Mica: Earth mineral included in products to give them sparkle and shine. The level and look of the shine mica provides depends on the color and how finely it’s milled. Mica's sheer, translucent and skin-hugging properties make it a popular ingredient in mineral powders. Mica powder reflects light from the face because of its glittering or shimmering properties, and can create the illusion of a smoother, softer and more radiant skin tone.

My Thoughts: I don’t know what’s so great about Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Cream. Lucky me I received it in my April 2017 Play! by Sephora box, so I didn’t have to pay full price to test it. I honestly didn’t finish the sample size product because it was so terrible. Its a squeeze tube that has an ombre white to sky blue in color. Totally reminds me of clouds, like the product name!

Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Cream is a serum but once applied to the skin it immediately feels like water! During the absorption process I feel a tiny bit of a cooling sensation. However it is very short lived since the serum absorbs very very very quickly. Sometimes its too quick to the point I can’t evenly spread it out in time. Its non greasy and lightweight, but thats only because it feels like I applied nothing at all. Doesn't hydrate my skin at all, my skin more so felt like the Mojave desert. Even with applying more than a dime size amount doesn’t hydration my skin. I didn’t see any changes to my skin, not in the slightest bit. Not even for the texture my skin didn’t feel smooth or soft, nor did it help with fine lines or wrinkles.

Would I purchase Peter Thomas Roth Water Drench Hyaluronic Cloud Cream? That is a hard hell to the no. It lacks serious hydration benefits, I wouldn’t recommend it for anyone who has dry skin. I love how Peter Thomas Roth claims it last 72 hours however they recommend applying twice a day. The claim of 72 hours is completely bogus.

Pros:

Received in April 2017 Play! by Sephora box

Beautiful sky colored squeeze tube

Texture serum

Once applied feels like water

Cooling sensation 

Non greasy

Lightweight

Cons:

Absorbs too quickly 

Hard to spread evenly 

Doesn’t hydrate at all

Feels like it dries out my skin

Skin doesn’t feel smooth or soft 

Doesn’t help with fine lines or wrinkles

Bogus 72 hour claim

Expensive

If you found this review helpful please click on the heart or reblog. Feel free to reply with your thoughts on the product.

[groupagtrading]

Vanilla Beans: Nutrition Facts And Benefits

Vanilla beans are enjoyably fragrant organic product cases got from the tropical climbing orchid, V. planifolia. Mayans were the principal individuals to utilize them in chocolate drinks as a seasoning specialist hundreds of years before the Spanish originally set their foot in Mexico in 1520. This exceptionally prized bean pod is local to the tropical rainforests of Central America, and as of late, its development has spread to other tropical districts through the European pioneers. Buy vanilla beans online today at the best prices from the top vanilla beans suppliers and manufacturers in an easy and simple manner.

Naturally, it is an enduring herbaceous climbing vine having a place with the group of Orchidaceae, in the family: vanilla. Logical name: Vanilla planifolia (level leafed vanilla).

The vanilla is a blossoming plant in the orchid family. It has one of a kind development qualities and requires a tree or post backing to achieve statures. An adult vine bears some profound, orange-yellow, trumpet-formed blooms. Vanilla beans presently are developed at monetarily scale in Madagascar, Indonesia, India, Puerto Rica, and West Indies.

There exist three fundamental cultivars of vanilla of business significance. Among them, Vanilla planifolia is the most looked for after beans utilized in an assortment of candy stores far and wide. Different species incorporate Vanilla pompona and Vanilla tahitiensis (developed in Polynesian islands). In any case, their vanillin creation is mediocre compared to Vanilla planifolia.

Unripe vanilla cases reaped when they achieve 5-8 creeps long and start to turn light yellow. They are then whitened quickly in bubbling water, perspired, and dried under the sun over a time of 2-3 weeks until they become dim darker wilted cases. Vanillin, a sort of white crystalline blooming, shows up inside in a portion of the prevalent quality cases.

Health advantages of vanilla

·         Vanilla beans are one of the costly non-sharp flavors utilized particularly as an enhancing operator in a wide cluster of sweet beverages and confectionaries.

·         The vanilla concentrate is primarily made out of basic and complex sugars, basic oils, nutrients, and minerals.

·         The main substance segment in the beans is vanillin. The cases additionally contain various hints of different constituents, for example, eugenol, caproic corrosive, phenoles, phenol ether, alcohols, carbonyl mixes, acids, ester, lactones, aliphatic and sweet-smelling sugars, and vitispiranes.

·         Antiquated Mayans accepted that including vanilla in beverages would give sexual enhancer impacts. No cutting edge research examine, be that as it may, builds up its job in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions.

·         Its concentrate contains modest quantities of B-complex gatherings of nutrients, for example, niacin, pantothenic corrosive, thiamin, riboflavin, and nutrient B-6. These nutrients help in compound blend, sensory system capacity, and controlling body digestion.

·         This fixing flavor additionally contains little hints of minerals, for example, calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, iron, and zinc. Potassium is a significant segment of cell and body liquids that helps control pulse and circulatory strain.

Buy Dry Fruits Online now at reasonable prices from a reliable store at the online platform!

[courtyardfarmsme-blog]

Goat Milk Skin Care Recipes Can Quench Your Skin's Thirst

Are you aware that your skin is more than just a covering that keeps your "insides" from being on the "outside"? Skin is actually a complex body organ that helps get rid of toxins through perspiration, and can also absorb substances--both good and bad--that get carried from your bloodstream and passed through all your organs. That's how medication patches work, and why we're warned towards prolonged skin contact with substances like gasoline. But , you can use this property to your advantage by using only healthy, healthy products on your skin. Keep in mind that putting a substance on your skin is almost a weak version of eating in which substance; some of it is going to get absorbed by your bloodstream and passed through your body. When you think of that, it only is sensible to follow the advice that, "If you wouldn't eat it, don't put it on your skin! " Goat dairy is one of the most nutritious, wholesome foods available. Goat milk has also been used for thousands of years in both its fresh as well as fermented states as a beauty and skin care product. While cow's milk provides some of the same benefits, you will find subtle differences. First, the fat molecules in goat milk contain significantly larger amounts of medium chain essential fatty acids, known as capric, caprylic and caproic acids. These molecules are smaller than in cow's milk, helping this to remain, to a large degree, naturally homogenized within the milk. The larger proportion of shorter chain fatty acids when compared with cow's milk, combined with the smaller size, makes the fat in goat milk more accessible to being absorbed through the skin. Concerning protein, goat milk also differs in that it contains more shorter strand proteins, making it very easily absorbed by the skin. This greater absorption property of fat and protein helps leave skin sleek and supple. Finally, goat milk is rich in many vitamins and minerals that are absorbed through the skin along with the body fat and protein. Vitamin A, of which goat milk contains about 47% more than cow's milk, is particularly vital that you skin health. While milk baths are one of the easiest and most popular categories of skin care recipes, there are other easy, affordable ways to use dairy products to improve your skin's health. Fermented products, such as yogurt, kefir and buttermilk consist of lactic acid, which is a type of alpha-hydroxy acid commonly used in commercial skin care products as an exfoliant. These fermented items, either alone or combined with other natural ingredients like fresh fruits, make excellent facial masks that have the ability to hydrate, exfoliate and tighten skin. And, the whey from these products, which is easily obtained by letting them deplete through cheesecloth overnight, makes an excellent facial toner and rinse for hair. Finally, goat milk cleaning soap and lotion provide a gentle, moisturizing basis for a daily skin care regimen. The lactose helps produce a rich and creamy, luxurious lather that is unlike any other kind of soap, and the extra fat content from the milk ensures a meekness that won't dry skin. So , the next time your skin is dry and thirsty, give it nutrients--not chemicals--to quench this thirst! Maria Garza began raising dairy goats in 2001 as part of a diversified, small-scale farm of which also included horses, donkeys, sheep, chickens and ducks. Initially interested more in the goats themselves, she had been soon amazed by the quality and taste of the milk they produced. Being by profession a scientific researcher, the girl put her research skills to use on goat milk, learning not only how to process it and make tasty cheeses and other products, but also about the chemical and nutritional properties. The findings convinced her that goat milk is truly an amazing nutritional substance that's vastly under-utilized in providing nourishment in Western society.

[paleorecipecookbook]

Healthy Fats: What You Need to Know

Fats, in general, get a bad rap in our heart-healthy and fat-obsessed diet culture. For years, we’ve been trained to put foods containing fat (and fat itself) in the “avoid” category, even if the alternative is sugar laden and artificially flavored. (A homemade chocolate chip cookie will likely do less damage than its phony fat-free counterpart.) Yet the right fats are important for supporting immune function, insulating internal organs, regulating body temperature, maintaining healthy skin and hair, and aiding in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), among other crucial functions.

Fats are also a primary energy source for the body, and several types of fats are essential for survival. In this article, I’ll review everything you need to know about healthy fats, including the different types of fats, how they benefit our bodies, and the best dietary sources.

Conventional advice has gotten it wrong: fats are good for you. Check out this comprehensive guide to find out which fats are healthy, what the best sources are, and why you need to make them a part of your diet. #paleo #nutrition #chriskresser

Short on time? Use these links to jump ahead to a specific section.

The different types of fats

Why you need to eat healthy fats

What the research says about fat and heart disease

How (and why) to balance omega-3s and omega-6s

Which fats are best for cooking

Which fats you need to eat more of

An Introduction to the Different Types of Fats

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients (along with carbohydrate and protein) that our bodies need to function and survive.

Fats, also referred to as lipids, consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may or may not be connected by what scientists call a double bond. This bit of chemistry is worth knowing because, based on the chemical configuration of these atoms, fats are typically grouped into three major categories:

Saturated fats

Monounsaturated fats

Polyunsaturated fats

Every food that contains fats has varying percentages of all three of these types. Some foods also contain trans fats, a fourth type that can be either naturally occurring or artificially made. Let’s look at each type more closely.

Saturated Fats

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms—their carbons are completely saturated with hydrogen atoms—which results in a very straight structure that allows molecules to pack together very tightly. This is why most saturated fats, like butter and lard, are solid at room temperature. This property also makes many saturated fats great cooking fats because they are not prone to the oxidative damage that occurs with high-heat cooking.

Saturated fats are further classified based on their length.

Long-chain saturated fats (like myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid) are found mostly in the milk and meat of ruminant (grazing) animals like cattle and sheep. They form the core structural fats in the human body, making up 75 to 80 percent of fatty acids in most cells, and they’re the primary storage form of energy. (1) In other words, when the body stores excess energy from food for later use, it primarily stores it as long-chain saturated fat.

Medium-chain saturated fats (like lauric, capric, caprylic, and caproic acid) are found in coconut milk and breast milk. These fats are metabolized differently than long-chain saturated fats: they don’t require bile acids for digestion and they pass directly to the liver via the portal vein. This makes medium-chain saturated fats a great source of digestible energy. Some medium-chain saturated fats, such as lauric acid, have antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. (2) This type of fat is also shown to enhance fat burning (by thermogenesis) and result in the formation of ketones, one of two substances (along with glucose) that the brain can use as fuel. (3) (Note: Medium-chain fats are also sometimes called MCTs—medium-chain triglycerides—as in MCT oil.)

Short-chain saturated fats (like butyric, propionic, and acetic acid) are more commonly known as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These are uncommon in the human diet, though small amounts of butyric acid, or butyrate, are found in butter and ghee. Instead, they are formed when certain beneficial gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber in the colon. These short-chain saturated fats have important signaling roles (allowing cells to exchange information), and butyrate is a source of energy for the cells that line the gut. (4)

Monounsaturated Fats

Monounsaturated fats have a single double bond in their structure—they are unsaturated at only one carbon position. This makes them have a single kink in their structure, which is enough to usually make them liquid at room temperature. However, that double bond is also more susceptible to oxidation—being damaged from exposure to light, heat, and oxygen.

Monounsaturated fats, such as oleic acid, are found primarily in olives, avocados, some meats, and certain nuts, like macadamias. Like saturated fats, monounsaturated fats form the core structural fats of the body and are non-toxic even at high doses. Interestingly, monounsaturated fats seem to be the only fats that typically fat-phobic groups, like the American Heart Association, and fat-friendly groups, like the Atkins diet organization and other low-carb groups, can agree are completely healthy.

Monounsaturated fats are known for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk markers. They have been shown to reduce LDL and triglycerides and increase HDL, decrease oxidized LDL, reduce inflammation, and lower blood pressure, and they may reduce the incidence of heart disease. (5)

Polyunsaturated Fats

Polyunsaturated fats have multiple double bonds in their structure—they are unsaturated at many positions along the chain. This results in several kinks in their structure, which prevents them from packing tightly together and ensures that they are always liquid at room temperature. Polyunsaturated fats are the most susceptible to oxidative damage during high-heat cooking. (6)

Polyunsaturated fats play both a structural and regulatory role in the body. They help form cell membranes, regulate gene expression, and aid in cell function. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are further classified based on the location of their carbon–carbon double bonds. The two major types are:

Omega-3 fatty acids, which have their first double bond at the third carbon

Omega-6 fatty acids, which have their first double bond at the sixth carbon

This may not seem like a big difference, but as a result of their different molecular structures, these fatty acids have very distinct functions within the body.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

There are six different omega-6 fats. For now, we’ll just get to know the two major omega-6 fatty acids.

Linoleic acid (LA) is the shortest omega-6 fatty acid and is referred to as “essential” (as in “essential fatty acid”) because it cannot be produced by the body—it must be obtained from the diet. LA is found in small or moderate amounts in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, and meat, but it is present in large amounts in industrially processed and refined oils, like soybean, cottonseed, corn, safflower, and sunflower. These oils are ubiquitous in the modern diet, present in everything from salad dressing to chips and crackers to restaurant food. LA is also relatively high in most nuts and in all poultry, especially in dark meat with skin.

Excess LA has been shown to cause vitamin E depletion, gut dysbiosis, and inflammation, as well as contribute to weight gain, liver disease, cancer, autoimmune disease, and premature aging. (7)

Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a longer-chain omega-6 fat that can be produced in our bodies using LA. It is also found in animal foods like chicken, eggs, beef, and pork because animals are also capable of making this conversion.

ARA is present in cell membranes and involved in cellular signaling (aiding cells in exchanging information), and it can also act as a vasodilator (relaxing the blood vessels and reducing blood pressure). ARA is necessary for the growth and repair of skeletal muscle tissue, and, along with DHA, is one of the most abundant fatty acids in the brain. (8)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

There are also six different omega-3 fats, but we’ll just briefly touch on the three most important omega-3 fatty acids.

Alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) is the shortest omega-3 fatty acid and is considered essential because it cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet. ALA is found in plant foods such as walnut and flax. ALA can also be converted to the next two omega-3 fatty acids discussed here.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are long-chain derivatives of ALA found primarily in cold-water fatty fish, like salmon, mackerel, herring sardines, anchovies, and bass, as well as in shellfish, like oysters and mussels.

While ALA is labeled essential, it’s really EPA and DHA that are responsible for the benefits we get from eating omega-3 fats. Evidence suggests that deficiency of these two omega-3 fats has been a contributing factor in the epidemic of modern inflammatory disease. Even modest consumption of EPA and DHA (200 to 500 mg/day) reduces deaths from heart disease by 35 percent—an effect much greater than that observed with statin drug therapy. (9) DHA is also essential for proper development of the brain, and low DHA levels in the elderly are associated with multiple measures of impaired brain function. (10)

A common misconception is that we can meet our omega-3 needs by taking flax oil or eating some plant foods. While it’s true that the body can convert some ALA to EPA and DHA, this conversion is extremely inefficient in most people. On average, less than 5 percent of ALA gets converted into EPA, and less than 0.5 percent of ALA gets converted into DHA. (11) This conversion also depends on adequate levels of nutrients such as vitamin B6, zinc, and iron, so these conversion rates are likely to be even lower in vegetarians, the elderly, or those who are chronically ill. (12)

Consumption of EPA and DHA during the Paleolithic era is estimated to have averaged between 450 and 500 milligrams per day—a figure that greatly exceeds current intakes, which average around 90 to 160 milligrams per day for most Americans. (13, 14) Altogether, this suggests that we evolved to eat preformed EPA and DHA and did not rely heavily on conversion from ALA. (The absence of preformed DHA in plant foods other than marine algae is one of the primary reasons why I believe vegetarian and vegan diets are not optimal for health.)

Requirements for omega-3s will also depend on omega-6 intake, and you can read more about the importance of the omega-3/omega-6 balance further down in this article.

Trans Fats

While trans fats almost universally get a bad rap, there are actually two types of trans fats: natural and artificial.

Naturally occurring trans fats are formed when bacteria in the stomachs of grazing animals, such as cows or sheep, digest the grass the animal has eaten. Conjugated linoleic acid, or CLA, is a natural trans fat found in moderate amounts (between 2 and 9 percent of total fat) in grass-fed animal meat and dairy products, and to a lesser degree in grain-fed animal products. It is also produced in our bodies from the conversion of other naturally occurring trans fats in those same animal products.

CLA is associated with a lowered risk of heart disease and may help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes by improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. (15, 16) CLA has also been shown to reduce cancer risk by blocking the growth and metastatic spread of tumors. Some research suggests that CLA can help reduce body fat and promote weight loss. (17)

Artificial trans fats have only slightly different chemical structures than natural trans fats, but these minor differences lead to dramatically different effects in the body. Artificial trans fats have been shown to increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, obesity, and other inflammatory conditions—even at relatively low doses. (18)

Their effects on cardiovascular health are particularly harmful. Artificial trans fats promote inflammation, damage the fragile lining of blood vessels, increase the number of LDL particles, reduce HDL cholesterol, and reduce the conversion of shorter-chain omega-3 fatty acids into beneficial longer-chain omega-3s. (19) Artificial trans fats are the quintessential junk food because they provide no benefit, have no role in human physiology, and can cause significant harm.

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You Need to Eat Healthy Fats. Here Are 14 Reasons Why

It’s truly hard to overstate the importance of fat in maintaining your health. They serve both structural and metabolic functions in the body.

Here are some critical aspects of your health that rely on fat.

1. They Maintain Your Cell Membranes

Long-chain fatty acids are important components of biological membranes throughout the body. Biological membranes are a fundamental structure in any living organism, separating the inside of a cell from the outside, and are usually composed of a double layer of phospholipids, each of which contains two fatty acids—saturated and unsaturated. (20)

2. They Transport Cholesterol

Fats are also required for the transport of cholesterol. Like cell membranes, lipoproteins are also made up of phospholipids, which contain both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. (21) Without fats, there would be no lipoproteins to transport cholesterol from the liver to all of the various tissues where it is needed for cellular structure and repair, steroid hormone synthesis, and the insulation of nerve cells.

3. They Maintain Your Brain and Your Mental Health

The brain is primarily made up of fats. ARA and DHA are enriched in phospholipids in synapses between nerve cells in the brain, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to be involved in stimulating the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. (22) DHA deficiency can result in impaired cognitive function and learning deficits. Lack of DHA may also contribute to Alzheimer’s disease, depression, anxiety, and ADHD. (23)

ARA, DHA, and EPA also regulate the endocannabinoid system. Endocannabinoids are produced by the body from various fats and act as neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors. The endocannabinoid system is involved in many physiological and cognitive processes, including mood, memory, and the stress response. (24)

4. They Impact Your Eye Health Too

The retina contains a higher DHA concentration than any other tissue in the body. While the exact roles of DHA in ocular health remain unknown, it is thought that DHA may boost cellular signaling or the transport of proteins within cells. (25)

5. Healthy Skin and Hair Depend on Fats

Fats play a vital role in maintaining healthy skin. Linoleic acid in particular is a key component of ceramides, which help form the skin–water barrier. This barrier helps prevent the entry of water soluble compounds and helps the skin to retain moisture. (26) In animal studies, linoleic acid deficiency can result in mild skin scaling, hair loss, and poor wound healing. (27) Saturated fats like palmitic acid are also required for the formation of sapienic acid in sebaceous glands of the skin. Sapienic acid is an unusual unsaturated fatty acid that is required for the synthesis of another kind of protective skin barrier. (28) Together with ceramides, these “skin waxes” help maintain skin moisture and prevent cellular damage.

6. Fats Maintain Your Body Temperature

The skin lipid synthesis just discussed is important for another reason. Loss of water through the skin elevates skin temperature and results in increased heat loss from the body. In animal models, this has been shown to lead to dehydration, growth retardation, and intolerance to cold temperatures. (29)

7. They Help with Cell Signaling and Repair

ARA is a precursor to molecules called eicosanoids, which act as signaling hormones. When the body is injured or infected, these signaling molecules stimulate an inflammatory response to begin the cellular repair process or signal danger to the brain. (30) EPA and DHA are also converted to eicosanoids and docosanoids. Eicosanoids are responsible for softening the cervix and mediating contractions during labor and dissolving blood clots, among many other functions. (31)

8. Fats Impact Your Hormones and Fertility

ARA-derived eicosanoids are also necessary for female fertility. Follicle-stimulating hormone, released from the brain in the first half of the menstrual cycle, stimulates the formation of the eicosanoid PGE2 in the ovaries, which ultimately triggers ovulation. (32) Eicosanoids are also produced in the testes and epididymis of men, but their role in reproduction remains unclear. Still, fats are essential in both men and women for optimal fertility. Human testes are enriched in DHA, and animal studies have shown that DHA is absolutely required for the formation of sperm in males. (33)

9. A Healthy Gut Needs Healthy Fats

Short-chain fatty acids are crucial for maintaining the health of the gut barrier. Butyrate, as I mentioned before, is one of the primary fuels for gut epithelial cells, increasing their proliferation, tightening up the gut barrier, and helping to maintain a healthy gut mucus layer. (34) Loss of gut barrier integrity, or “leaky gut,” is associated with a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases.

10. They Regulate Blood Sugar

Dietary fat is involved in the regulation of blood sugar. When carbohydrates are eaten with healthy fat, the fat slows down the absorption of the carbohydrate. (35) This slower absorption also helps to maintain steady energy for several hours after a meal, as opposed to a quick spike in blood sugar and the subsequent crash.

11. They Store Energy

While we might not typically think of storing energy as fat as a good thing, it’s actually a critical function of fats. Adipose (or fatty) tissue is the body’s primary means of long-term energy storage. If food becomes scarce, these fat stores can be mobilized and used to supply the body with energy. Adipose tissue also helps to insulate body organs against shock or injury. Note that both all three macronutrients—carbohydrates, protein, and fat—can potentially be converted to fat in adipose tissue when energy intake is in excess. So, while fat is the primary form of energy storage, increasing your dietary intake of fat does not necessarily lead to increased body fat if your total energy intake remains the same.

12. You Need Fats to Absorb Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Fat is necessary for the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Vitamin A is a must-have for eye health, skin health, and proper immune function. Vitamin D plays roles in immune function, bone health, and calcium metabolism. Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, protecting lipids and proteins from oxidative damage, while vitamin K protects blood vessels from damage and helps prevent calcification of arteries, among other functions. (36)

13. Fats Protect against Toxicity

Fat serves as reliable buffer against a host of diseases by protecting the body against the harmful effects of environmental toxins. When a particular harmful substance accumulates in the bloodstream, the body can effectively “dilute” the toxin by storing it in fat tissue. This helps protect organs from such substances until they can be detoxified and excreted from the body. (This is also the reason why you should always choose sources of animal fats that have been humanely raised on pasture without antibiotics or hormones, as any environmental toxins—including pesticides—that the animal is exposed to will accumulate in the fat tissue of the animal.)

14. Fats May Improve Your Heart Health

While fats have been largely vilified for their potential connection with heart disease, several types of fats have been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary fish, EPA, and DHA have all been shown to reduce coronary heart disease mortality, and fish oil has also been shown to reduce resting heart rate, lower blood triglycerides, and prevent irregular heart rhythm after a heart attack. (37, 38, 39) Even saturated fat, which has been blamed for heart disease for decades, is not the villainous artery-clogger it’s been made out to be, as I’ll discuss in detail in the next section.

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Why the Evidence Linking Saturated Fat to Heart Disease Is Weak at Best

Most of us were told growing up that foods like red meat, eggs, and bacon raise our cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. But is it really true? In 2015, the United States government quietly revised dietary guidelines and dropped the strict limit on cholesterol that had been in place since the 1960s because newer evidence didn’t support an association between dietary cholesterol and heart disease.

I have gone on record saying that the strict limits on saturated fat will also likely be dropped in the future. Most of the evidence linking saturated fat to heart disease has relied on epidemiological studies, which essentially take a large group of people, ask them about their dietary intake, and try to make associations with their incidence of disease. I’ve written at length about the issues with nutritional epidemiology research, including data collection, the healthy-user bias, and small changes in relative risk. To really understand the effects of saturated fat on heart disease, we need to look at the data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses that have pooled all of the data from multiple RCTs.

A recent meta-analysis of RCTs found that low-carb diets (which tend to be high in saturated fat) have beneficial impacts on several cardiovascular disease risk markers, including: (40)

Body weight

Triglycerides

Fasting glucose

Blood pressure

Body mass index

Abdominal circumference

Plasma insulin

HDL cholesterol

C-reactive protein

Moreover, an exhaustive review of studies involving more than 600,000 participants concluded:

Current evidence does not clearly support cardiovascular guidelines that encourage high consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low consumption of total saturated fats. (41)

Overall, there is no reason to fear saturated fat in the context of a healthy diet that also includes monounsaturated fatty acids and whole-food sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Why Balance Matters for Omega-3s and Omega-6s

While overt essential fatty acid deficiency in the United States is virtually nonexistent, many individuals have a suboptimal fatty acid profile. I’ve written before about the importance of balancing omega-6s and omega-3s, including:

“How Too Much Omega-6 and Not Enough Omega-3 Is Making Us Sick”

“How Much Omega-3 Is Enough? That Depends on Omega-6”

“An Update on Omega-6 PUFAs”

While anthropological evidence suggests that our hunter–gatherer ancestors consumed omega-6 and omega-3 fats in a ratio of roughly 1 to 1, estimates of the ratio in the Standard American Diet range from an average of 10 to 1 to 20 to 1. (42)

Evidence suggests that higher omega-3 intake is associated with a reduced risk of several chronic inflammatory conditions, including coronary heart disease. Meanwhile, consumption of omega-6 PUFAs in Western countries has skyrocketed in recent decades, with the increasing use of industrial seed oils.

Since arachidonic acid is a precursor to eicosanoids, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the body can potentially influence inflammation. In other words, a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids will enrich cellular membranes in arachidonic acid and have a greater capacity for inflammation.

However, in the context of sufficient omega-3, omega-6 from whole-food sources, such as nuts, seeds, and poultry, is unlikely to be an issue. After all, we do need some omega-6, and nuts and seeds are consistently associated with improved cardiovascular and metabolic health. (43, 44)

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Which Fats Are Best for Cooking

When choosing fats for cooking, be very aware of their smoke point.

The smoke point is the temperature at which both the nutritional integrity and the flavor of the fat or oil begin to break down. Oils that have passed their smoke point are likely to contain oxidized fats, which have been shown to damage cells and contribute to numerous inflammatory diseases. (45)

For high-heat cooking, choose fats with the highest smoke points, such as ghee, extra-light (not extra-virgin) olive oil, avocado oil, palm oil, expeller-pressed (refined) coconut oil, macadamia oil, beef tallow, and algae oil. (Algae oil is odorless and tasteless, and it’s great for cooking food at high temperatures.) Butter, extra-virgin olive oil, and extra-virgin coconut oil have relatively low smoke points and are best for lower-heat cooking or non-cooking uses (for example, putting them on previously cooked foods.)

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Which Fats You Need to Eat More Of

Hopefully this comprehensive guide is helpful to you in thinking about dietary fats and has convinced you how important it is to include healthy fats in your diet. Below are my general recommendations for which fats should and should not be included in a healthy diet.

Eat these liberally:

Coconut oil

Palm oil

Olive oil

Ghee

Butter

Lard

Tallow (beef and lamb)

Duck fat

Dairy fat

Macadamia oil

Eggs

Meat

Seafood

Be sure to choose pasture-raised animal fats and wild-caught seafood. Aim for 10 to 20 ounces of cold-water, fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, herring, anchovies, or sardines, each week.

Eat these in moderation:

Sesame oil

Walnut oil

Pecan oil

Almond oil

Flaxseed oil

Avocado oil

Nuts and seeds

Nut butters

Avoid these as much as possible:

Soybean oil

Peanut oil

Corn oil

Safflower oil

Wheat-germ oil

Canola oil

Sunflower oil

Cottonseed oil

Grapeseed oil

Rice bran oil

These industrial seed oils are completely devoid of nutrients and full of potentially oxidized polyunsaturated fats.

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Overall, saturated fats and monounsaturated fats should form the bulk of your fat intake, and you should avoid industrial seed oils whenever possible. Be sure you include adequate preformed omega-3s DHA and EPA from fatty fish, shellfish, or fish oil to balance out whole-food sources of omega-6 like nuts, seeds, and poultry.

Now I’d like to hear from you. What type of healthy fats do you eat? Which fats do you avoid? Share your thoughts in the comments.

The post Healthy Fats: What You Need to Know appeared first on Chris Kresser.

Source: http://chriskresser.com January 04, 2019 at 02:20AM