#intercellular

[planefood]

More animation stuff + a thing I handed out to my cleanup teammates:

[lazyevaluationranch]

*pats askbox gently* there are more Thermoreceptors?

(I'm sorry ur dome was so hot; I hope its much cooler now!)

My bluff has been called! Hooray!!

I am not a neurologist, a biologist, or a scientist. If anyone with better credentials than "obsessed with emergent properties" contradicts me, listen to them instead.

Cell membranes include little portal proteins that open under certain circumstances based on the shape of the protein and let chemicals into and out of the cell. These portals are useful for all sorts of things: managing water and nutrients, sending messages to nearby cells, serving the whims of tiny intercellular cats. Science hasn't found the tiny intercellular cats yet, but we all know they're there; the existence of a door that can be opened necessarily implies an indecisive feline.

Some protein shapes open up if the temperature is within a certain range. This means that if a cell with that sort of protein in its membrane experiences a temperature in the right range, it will move some chemicals around. This is used to make nerve cells that send a message towards the brain whenever they experience a certain temperature.

Because evolution does all its best work the night before the deadline while on a Code Red Mountain Dew bender, the opened-by-temperature portal proteins are mostly copied from opened-by-a-specific-chemical portal proteins. All of them, in fact, still open for specific chemicals, which means there exist out in the world liquids you can put in a bottle that most animals will instead perceive as "a temperature between 8 and 26 degrees" So things can get a little weird.

Temperature-opening portal proteins:

TRPA1 Opens for temperatures below 12C (not air temperature, skin or body temperature, so you might be kind of in trouble when this happens). Used by hunting snakes to detect where heat isn't so they can find prey. Feels painful in an itchy sort of way.

This one also opens for allyl isothiocyanate. Many plants have evolved to take advantage of the existence of a chemical most animals perceive as itchy pain, especially horseradish and wasabi. Allyl isothiocyanate is harmful to plants, so they keep two separate components in tiny compartments. When an animal bites the plant, the compartments break open their contents mix to create allyl isothiocyanate.

"This plant tastes like itching" is a good defense against almost all animals, but some humans have taught themselves to appreciate the taste of itching.

TRPM8 Opens for temperatures between 8 and 26 degrees. Opens for menthol (peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen) and linalool (roses, orange blossoms, basil). Feels cool or cold.

"This plant tastes like cold" is a somewhat less effective defense against being eaten than "this plant tastes like itching" but it's a more widespread defense because TRPM8-activating chemicals don't harm plants and don't need elaborate two-part storage.

TRPV4 Opens for temperatures from 27-37 C. I'm not sure what this one feels like, or if even feels like anything, since it covers normal human body temperatures. Whatever feeling we get from this one, we're feeling it nearly all the time.

Plants do make a chemical that tastes like this temperature, and it can repel nonhuman creatures with different body temperatures: allicin, the flavour of garlic. Like allyl isothiocyante, it is stored in two compartments inside the plant, and combined when the plant is bitten.

Maybe this is why vampires abhor garlic. There is a feeling that, as humans, we always have. Something we don't notice, something deeper than touch. That feel disappears forever when you become a vampire, except those unbearable moments when garlic returns to you for a fleeting moment the experience of lost humanity.

TRPV3 Opens for temperatures 33-39 degrees. Opens for eugenol, found in cinnamon, nutmeg, bay leaf, holy basil, ginger, allspice, and cloves. Feels like warmth.

Plants with high quantities of eugenol, like holy basil and Japanese star anise, are sometimes sacred to buddhists because they smell nice and bugs don't like to eat them, so you can burn them as incense without worrying about all the little crawly guys.

Humans apparently think food that tastes like "warm" is comforting.

TRPV1 Opens for temperatures over 43 degrees. (The one I was experiencing in the overheated dome, which I had never felt from air before) Opens for capsaicin, the active chemical in hot peppers. Opens for the combination of temperature and acidity of fevers and infected wounds. This one we feel as pain, as burning, as flame.

TRPV1 says: Your flesh is failing, and your doom is very near.

Humanity says: This is incredible. We are going to breed plants that cause this sensation as much as possible, and we will spend thousands of years getting it right. We are going to dry this and powder this and flake it and grill it and ferment it and eat it with everything.

And when we leave earth and go into space, we take hot peppers with us. Without gravity, fluid builds up in nasal passages, and astronauts sort of have colds the entire time they're in space and can't smell food very well. But the Nearness Of Your Doom is not a smell and is not perceived by the nose, so - with their doom always on the other side of ten centimeters of insulated aluminum - astronauts can taste hot peppers. In 2002, Peggy Whitson, commander of the ISS, jokingly refused to let a replacement crew on board until they handed over the hot sauce.

We are a strange and wonderful species.

[cbirt]

Cell-cell interactions (CCIs) are pivotal in various biological functions, including cellular differentiation, tissue maintenance, and immune reactions. As single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques advance, the need to discern CCIs from the growing pool of data becomes crucial. A groundbreaking technique, “DeepCCI,” developed by researchers from the Harbin Institute of Technology, China, uses scRNA-seq data to explore intercellular communication in higher multicellular organisms, i.e., animals. DeepCCI showcases its remarkable versatility by successfully applying its capabilities to a diverse array of publicly available datasets across various technologies and platforms. This demonstrates its exceptional accuracy and effectiveness in predicting significant Cell-Cell Interactions (CCIs). With its user-friendly software, DeepCCI emerges as a comprehensive solution, streamlining the process of uncovering meaningful intercellular communications and constructing CCI networks from scRNA-seq data.

Single-cell RNA sequencing innovations have made significant commitments to figure out the cellular mechanisms. They permit the identification of distinct cell types and states, help in supporting personalized medication procedures biomarker revelation, upgrade insights into advancement, and extend our cognizance of illness systems. In spite of the difficulties in examining scRNA-seq information, the potential for extraordinary bits of knowledge into cell components and the treatment of different illnesses is significant.

Continue Reading

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The gaseous phase of CO2 diffusion into the leaf can be divided into three components – the boundary layer, the stomata, and the intercellular spaces of the leaf – each of which imposes a resistance to CO2 diffusion (Figure 9.19).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[exy-shmexy]

Some more wholesome Twinyards for you

Aaron is alone at the library in the (very) late evening studying for an upcoming biochemistry exam. It's a random Tuesday. Aaron is startled by Andrew quietly dropping down on the chair in front of him. He blinks, wondering what the hell his chronically-allergic-to-libraries twin is doing here.

Andrew silently reaches into his backpack—an old discolored black thing Nicky got him when they started high school—and gets his own books out of it as if it were the most normal thing. He pushes Aaron's laptop slightly to the side with a corner of his textbook.

Aaron is too stunned to say anything.

He just watches Andrew splay an array of annotated papers in front of him, settling into his own homework session.

"What are you doing?" Aaron finally manages to ask after a long stretch of silence.

Andrew lifts his head, usual boredom plastered on his face. "Studying."

"You never come here."

Andrew shrugs. Aaron knows it's the end of the conversation because Andrew lowers his head and begins scribbling more notes down as he goes through his set of mandatory readings. Aaron stares, frowning. He tries to get back to his own biochemistry notes, but his brain has decided to stop working.

Andrew should be with Kevin and Neil for their usual evening practice session.

But then it hits him.

"You were listening?" he asks. Andrew looks up again, one eyebrow raised. "The other night, when I was talking with Matt," Aaron continues. "I told him Katelyn would be away for the week with the other cheerleaders. You heard us?"

Andrew sighs in what Aaron is now certain is feigned annoyance. "You don't like studying on your own, you can't focus if there isn't someone else with you."

Aaron blinks. "So you came here to... keep me company?"

"Neil and Kevin are being intolerable Exy junkies together. Nicky is out with Matt and Dan. Renee is... busy with Allison. Unless you made some friends on the football team no one knows about, which is highly unlikely considering you punched one of them—"

"He deserved it."

"—then I don't think there was any other option. Don't overthink it. I just couldn't stand the stickball fanatics a minute longer." And with that Andrew dives back into his coursework.

Aaron is smiling so big it's actually embarrassing. He clears his throat, knowing perfectly well Andrew didn't mean the last part of his statement because he never does anything he doesn't want to do. Andrew is with him because he knows Aaron can't stay focused ifhe doesn't have someone to study with. Usually it's Katelyn, but Katelyn isn't there.

Andrew is.

Aaron goes back to his intercellular communication notes. He loses track of time, and quickly forgets how long they stay in the library together. Once Aaron declares he's done for the night (having noticed Andrew had been done for a whole half hour and was busy getting ahead of his notes), he asks him if he wants to go to the sandwich place close by. His gift. Andrew accepts. They go together, and spend another hour together. They don't talk a lot, but the shared companionship is enough.

When the next Tuesday arrives and Andrew shows up again instead of Katelyn, Aaron is more than happy to clear up some space for his brother at the desk.

When he learns about this, Neil secretly tells Katelyn to give them one evening together away from everyone every week and she graciously accepts

[theoddvet]

Beautifully obvious metastatic emboli from an adenocarcinoma. It's not very often you get to see obvious metastases on histology section.

Metastasis is the process of a cell leaving it's primary site of origin or original mass, entering a blood or lymphatic vessel, and exiting the vessel at a distant site to colonise a new tissue. This process only occurs in malignant tumours (cancers).

Many factors are required for a tumour cell to be able to detach from the main mass, penetrate through basement membranes, migrate through extracellular matrix, invade vessels, evade the immune system, and establish and grow within a new tissue including integrins, growth factors, proteases (e.g. matrix metalloproteinases) and antiproteases, vimentin, adhesion molecules, and down regulation of cytokeratin expression and intercellular adhesion structures. If a tumour cell does not possess at least one of these capabilities to survive the process, then successful metastasis is not possible.

[gothhabiba]

No mental disorder meets the scientific definition of “disease” recognizable to pathologists: a departure from normal bodily structure and function (Szasz, 2001). This reality is clearly understood by the current and previous directors of the NIMH who acknowledge the speculative status of existing biological theories (Insel, 2011) and caution that DSM diagnoses are “heuristics” not to be misconstrued as “natural kinds” or “real entities” (Hyman, 2010). It is therefore confusing to observe these same individuals state elsewhere that mental disorders “are recognized to have a biological cause” (Insel, 2010; p. 5) and are “real illnesses of a real organ, the brain, just like coronary artery disease is a disease of a real organ, the heart” (Hyman at the 1999 White House Conference on Mental Health, quoted in Albee & Joffe, 2004). Use of the term “disease” in the context of mental disorder reflects an expanded definition in which cellular pathology is replaced with subjective report of distressing or impairing psychological symptoms, the presence of biological correlates, or the assumption of an underlying disease state as yet undiscovered by science (e.g., “…mental disorders will likely be proven to represent disorders of intercellular communication; or of disrupted neural circuitry”; APA, 2003b). From this perspective, any DSM diagnosis is eligible for disease status (Peele, 1989), and what constitutes a “brain disease” is subject to the vagaries of the individuals in charge of determining the disorders and symptom criteria sets that comprise the latest version of the APA's diagnostic manual. [...] Given the limitations of existing knowledge about the biological basis of mental disorder, declarations that mental disorders are “brain diseases” (Volkow, n.d.), “broken brains” (Andreasen, 1985), or “neurobiological disorders” (CHADD, 2012) are perhaps best understood as the product of ideological, economic, or other non scientific motives.

–Brett J. Deacon, “The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research.” Clinical Psychology Review 33 (2013), 846–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.007

[planefood]

Some animations from the past 2 days for the short film I’m directing :-) keys were done by me and inbetweens done by one of my lovely teammates

Also this one that is just keys atm

[er-cryptid]

Tight Junctions

-- belts of protein isolate parts of the plasma membrane

-- the intercellular space disappears when the two adjacent membranes lie adjacent

-- function:      -- form a barrier prohibiting movement of substances between cells

[materialsscienceandengineering]

A protein extracted from squid may help increase tissue growth for regenerative medicine

Collagen is the basic protein that makes up the intercellular matrix, or in other words, the environment for the connective tissue cells of our body, such as tendons, bone, and cartilage. It looks like long threads, woven into three-dimensional networks. This, in turn, creates a kind of a tissue scaffold.

Due to the fact that collagen fibers are durable, elastic, and also serve as signals that determine the cell's so-called destiny, in medicine they are used as an environment to accelerate growth and differentiation of tissues, for example in wound healing. Most often such materials are artificially synthesized from collagen dissolution. However, even the most advanced technologies are unable to create collagen "networks" that exactly repeat the structure of a natural cellular environment, most favorable for its regeneration, or in other words, tissue repair.

Scientists from Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad) with their colleagues from Voronezh State University (Voronezh) have proposed to use natural collagen extracted from Dosidicus gigas squid as tissue scaffold for growing cells instead of artificially synthesized collagen.

Read more.

[axispharm]

Caco-2 Permeability Assay

In the development of small molecule drugs, it is necessary to evaluate the bioavailability of the compound as early as possible, so as to lay the foundation for subsequent development. In addition to using experimental animals to evaluate bioavailability, various in vitro analysis methods have been developed to evaluate the ability of compounds to penetrate the intestinal wall. These in vitro experiments are not only lower in cost but also higher in throughput and shorter experimental time. Among them, Caco-2 monolayer cell permeability analysis assay has become one of the standards in vitro methods.

CaCO-2 cells are derived from human colon cancer and have the typical characteristics of intestinal epithelial cells, such as the formation of a polarized monolayer columnar epithelium, and densely differentiated microvilli on the top surface of the cells neatly arranged to form a striated border and intercellular connection.

The determination of Caco-2 cell permeability not only helps to determine intestinal permeability but also can identify specific transporters or efflux proteins and intestinal phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Therefore, this Caco-2 permeability assay provides valuable information for drug development in an effective and reproducible manner, which is not available in non-biological models, and even in many other biological models.

The Efflux Ratio can be calculated by measuring the transport from A-B and B-A in two different directions, so as to determine whether a molecule has active efflux.

Caco-2 Permeability Assay Protocol

Compound required

10 mM DMSO 100µL or 2 mg

Compound Test Concentration

10µM

Cell Culture

21 days

Replicates

N=2

Incubation Conditions

Incubation in CO2 incubator at 37ºC for 90 min

Positive control compound

digoxin （or other compounds）

Integrity of the monolayer

TEER>200 Ω•cm2

Analysis method

LC-MS／MS

Data delivery

Papp, Efflux Ratio, %Recovery

Data calculation

Papp = CRecx VRec/ (A x t x C0) Efflux Ratio = Papp (B→A) /Papp (A→B) Recovery = [(Vrec x Crec) + (Vd x Cd)] / (Vd x C0)

[cbirt]

Scientists Design Machine Learning Model to Decipher the Microenvironment Communication Networks of Individual Tumors

Intercellular networks between key players in the tumor microenvironments make tumor cells invincible against the body’s natural defense mechanisms. Identifying and targeting these interactions can make tumors more susceptible to tumor invasions and their eventual retardation. This study demonstrates the use of Bayesian network models in designing a network that links together these interactions by incorporating data from both single-cell and bulk RNA-seq. 

For a heterogeneous ecosystem such as a tumor microenvironment, the constituents that make it up and the interactions that drive its pathogenesis and progression are highly diverse. This diversity imparts the uniqueness of each tumor in its characteristic progression patterns, immune evasion strategies, and treatment responses. This makes it crucial to identify the said interactions that capture the core processes that underlie each individual tumor to tailor treatment regimens that counter it effectively. 

Continue Reading

[grysi]

Absent Healing

Accelerated Learning

Act of Random Kindness

Active Imagination Experience see Imaginal Experience

Aesthetic experience see Art Experience

After Death Communication

Agoral Gathering Experience

Aikido Experience

Alien Abduction

Alien Encounter

Altered Spatial Perception

Altered Time Perception

Alternate Reality Experience

Alternate Time/Timeline Experience

Alternative Healing see Healing Experiences/Approaches

Ancestral Experience

Anesthetic Experience

Angel Encounter; see also Guardian Angel

Anxiety Dream; see also Night Terrors

Anomalous Weather Control see Weather Control, Anomalous

Apparition; see also Collective Apparition

Apport

Archetypal Dream see Transcendent Dream

Archetypal Experience; see also Imaginal Experience; Mythic Experience; Numinous Experience

Architecture Experience; see also Holy or Power Place Encounter

Art Experience

Astral Projection see Out-of-Body Experience

Aura Vision

Autism

Automatic Drawing

Automatic Painting

Automatic Speaking

Automatic Writing

Automatism; see Automatic Drawing; Automatic Painting; Automatic Speaking;Automatic Writing; Dowsing

Autoscopy see Bilocation; Double; Out-of-Body Experience;

Bardo Experience see Life Between Life

Being in the Zone see Zone Experience

Bilocation

Bioattraction

Blood Miracle, Witnessing

Bodily Functions, Exceptional Control of

Bodily Transformation

Border Crossing Experience

Breakpoint Experience

Breathing, Inner

Brownies Encounter

Burial Alive see Suspended Animation

Call case see Clairaudience; Voices, Hearing

Calling see Vocation, Sense of

Celestial Music see Transcendental Music

Cellular Consciousness

Channeling

Chaos Experience see Desolation/Nadir Experience

Charismatic Personality Encounter; see also Exceptional Person Experience; Holy Individual Experience

Charismatic Prophecy see Prophecy

Child Prodigies see Prodigies

Childbirth Exceptional Experience

Christos Experience

Clairaudience; see also Locution; Voice, Hearing

Clairvoyance; see also Mindsight Experience

Clairvoyant Diagnosis see Paranormal Diagnosis

Clock-Stopping

Coincidences, Striking; see also Serendipity; Synchronicity

Collective Apparition

Collective Consciousness see Human Species Consciousness/Connectedness

Collective Unconsciousness see Human Species Consciousness/Connectedness

Coma Experience

Conscious Dying

Contemplative Experience; see also Meditation Experience; Prayer Experience; Recollective Experience; Yoga Experience

Conversion

Cosmic Consciousness/Connectedness

Cosmology, Personal see Cosmic Consciousness/Connectedness

Creative "Aha" or Eureka Experience; see also Embodied Insights

Crop Circle Encounter

Cross Correspondence

Crystal-Gazing see Scrying

Cutaneous Perception

Dance Experience

Darshan Experience

Daydreaming

Death-Related Experiences (Class)

Death-Related Psychokinesis; see also Clock Stopping

Deathbed Observation/Encounter

Deceased Spirit Experience see After Death Communication

Déjà Vu; see also Jamais Vu

Dematerialization; see also Materialization

Demonic Encounter; see also Evil Entity

Dermo-Optic Perception see Cutaneous Perception

Dermography see Skin-Writing

Desolation/Nadir Experience (Class); see also Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; Spiritual Emergency

Diagnosis, Paranormal see Paranormal Diagnosis

Direct Drawing Experience

Direct Painting Experience

Direct Physical Phenomena

Direct Voice Experience

Direct Writing

Dissociative Experiences (Class)

Dissociative Identity Disorder see Multiple Personality

Distant Intercellular Interaction

Divination

Divine Healing see Spiritual Healing

Döppelganger see Double

Double Vision

Double-Release Out-of-Body Experience

Dowsing; see also Map Dowsing

Drama Experience

Dream Helper

Dreambody Experience

Dream, Impactful; see also Anxiety Dream; Dream Helpher; Existential Dream; Lucid Dreaming; Psychic Dream; Transcendent Dream; Transformative Dream

Dream, Lucid see Lucid Dreaming

Drop-in Communicator

Drug Experience see Hallucinogenic Drug Experience

Dying, Conscious see Conscious Dying

Earth Experience see Planetary Consciousness

Ecstasy; see also Shamanic Ecstasy

Effortlessness

Electrical/Electronic Sensitivity, Paranormal;

Lamp Interference

Electronic Visual Phenomena

Electronic Voice Phenomena (EVP)

Elongation

Elusivity

Emanation

Embodied Insight

Embodiment see Inscendence/Embodiment/Immanence

Emotions, Transcendental

Empathy

Encounter Experience (Class)

Encounter or T-Group Experience

Energy Experience

Enlightenment; see also God/Goddess Experience

Epiphany

ESP see Extrasensory Perception

Esthetic Experience see Art Experience

Eureka Experience see Creative "Aha" Experience

Evil Entity; see also Demonic Encounter

EVP see Electronic Voice Phenomena

Exceptional Human Experience (General Heading); see also Transpersonal Experience

Exceptional Human Performance/Feat

Exceptional Person Encounter; see also Holy Person Encounter

Existential Dream

Experience of the New see New, Experience of the

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

Extraterrestrial (ET) Encounter see Alien Encounter

Faces, Paranormal see Imprints, Paranormal

Fairies, Encountering

Faith Healing

Falling Experience

Family Psi

Fantasy see Daydreaming; Imaginal Experience

Feats see Exceptional Human Performance/Feat

Feeling of Being Stared at see Remote Staring

Fire-Immunity

Fire-walking see Fire-Immunity

First Contact Experience see New, Experience of the

First-Time Experience; see also New, Experience of the

Flow Experience

Folk Entity Encounter

Foreknowledge see Precognition

Fortune-Telling see Divination

Gaia Experience see Planetary Consciousness

Galactic Consciousness

Geller Effect see Metalbending

Genius, Experience of

Ghosts see Apparition; Haunt; Poltergeist

Global Consciousness see Planetary Consciousness

Glossolalia

God/Goddess Experience

"Going Native" Experience

Grim Reaper Apparition

Group Bonding

Group Experience/Entity

Group Past Life Recall

Group Psi

Guardian Angel Encounter; see also Inner Guidance Experience; Helper Experience; Inner Helper Experience; Locutions

Guru Encounter see Holy Person Encounter

Hallucination; see also Eidetic Imagery

Hallucinogenic Drug Experience

Haunt

Haunting

Healing Approaches/Experiences (Class); see also Faith Healing; Intercessory Prayer; Paranormal Diagnosis; Psychic Healing; Psychic Surgery; Shamanic Healing; Shamanistic Healing; Spirit Healing; Spiritual Healing;

Healing, Psychic see Psychic Healing

Healing, Shamanic see Shamanic Healing

Healing, Shamanistic see Shamanistic Healing

Healing, Spirit see Spirit Healing

Healing, Spiritual see Spiritual Healing

Health/Well-Being/Wholeness Experience

Hearing or Reading About EHEs of Others see Vicarious EE/EHE

Heart Knowledge

Helper Encounter

Helper Spirit

Heteresthesia

Highland Sight see Second Sight

Hitchhiker, Phantom see Phantom Hitchhiker

Holy or Power Place Encounter

Holy Person Encounter; see also Exceptional Person Experience; Marian Apparition

Human Magnets see Bioattraction

Human Species Consciousness/Connectedness

Human-Animal Interaction see Interspecies Communication/Encounter

Human-Machine Interaction

Hyperacuity

Hypermnesia

Hypnagogic Experience

Hypnopompic Experience

Hypnosis-at-a-Distance see Suggestion-at-a-Distance

I-Thou Experience

Idiot Savant see Savant Syndrome

Illumination; see also Creative "Aha" Experience; Enlightenment; Koan

Imaginal Experience

Imaginary Companion

Imaginary World see Paracosm, Creation of

Immanence see Inscendence/Embodiment/Immanence

Immersive Thrill Experience

Immortality Experience

Immunity/Invulnerability; see also Fire-Immunity

Imprints, Paranormal

Incendium Amoris

Incipient Manic Psychosis

Incorruptible Flesh

Incubus Experience; see also Old Hag Experience

Influenced Writing see Channeling; Automatic Writing

Inner Breathing see Breathing, Inner

Inner Guidance Experience; see also Guardian Angel; Inner Helper Experience;

Inner Helper Experience; see also Guardian Angel; Inner Guidance Experience; Locutions;

Inner Movement

Inscendence/Embodiment/Immanence; see also Recollective Experience

Inspiration; see also Channeling; Creative "Aha" Experience;

Inspired Writing or Drawing see Automatic Drawing; Automatic Writing; Channeling;

Intercessory Prayer

Interspecies Communication/Encounter

Intuition

Invisibility see Dematerialization

Jamais Vu; see also Déjà Vu

Koan; see also Creative "Aha" Experience

Kundalini Awakening

Kything

Laughter, Inward

Laying on of Hands; see also Therapeutic Touch

Levitation

Life Between Life

Life Interconnectedness Experience

Life Review

Life-Changing Experience see Conversion; Exceptional Human Experience

Lifehoods, Experience of

Light Experiences

Light Beyond the Light Experience

Limerence

Liminal Experience see Border Crossing Experience

Limit Experience see Border Crossing Experience

Literary Experience

Locutions

Love

Lucid Dreaming

Luck; see also Serendipity

Luminous Phenomena

Long-Gom-Pa Running

Macrocosm/Microcosm Experience

Magic/Sorcery

Magnified Vision

Map Dowsing

Marian Apparition see Holy Person Encounter

Martial Arts Experience

Materialization; see also Dematerialization

Meaningful Coincidence see Synchronicity

Meditation Experience

Mediumistic Experience

Memory, Exceptional see Supermemory

Memory, Transpersonal see Recollective Experience

Metal Bending

Metanoia see Exceptional Human Experience

Microscopic Vision see Magnified Vision

Mind Over Matter see Psychokinesis

Mindsight Experience

Mineral-Human Experience

Miraculous Experience/Encounter

Mirror Vision

Missing Time see Altered Time Perception

Moebius Experience

Monition; see also Premonition

Multiple Personality

Muscle-Reading

Music Experience

Music of the Spheres see Music Experience

Music, Transcendental see Music Experience

Mystic Heat see Tumo

Mystical Experiences (General Class)

Mythic Experience; see also Archetypal Experience; Imaginal Experience

NAD see Transcendental Music

Nadir Experience see Desolation/Nadir Experience

NDE see Near-Death Experience

Near-Death Experience (NDE) see also Life Review; Light Beyond the Light Experience; Non-Near-Death Experience; Tunnel Experience

New, Experience of the; see also First-Time Experience

Night Terrors; see also Anxiety Dream

Nightmare see Anxiety Dream

Noble Acts, Witnessing or Performing

Noetic Experience

Non-Near-Death Experience

Nonallopathic Healing see Healing Experiences

Nostalgia

Numinous Experience

OBE see Out-of-Body Experience

Object-Reading see Psychometry

Odor of Sanctity see Scent, Transcendental

Odor, Paranormal; see also Scent, Transcendental

Odor, Transcendental see Scent, Transcendental

Old Hag Experience; see also Incubus Experience

Oracles see Oracular Experience

Oracular Experience

Orgasmic Experience

Orientation

Other, Experience of the; see also Double Vision; "Going Native" Experience;

Otherworld Personal Future Experience

Ouija Board Experience

Out-of-Body Experience (OBE)

Outer Space Experience

Outsider Experience see Border Crossing Experience; Double Vision; Other, Experience of the

Panoramic Memory see Life Review

Paracosm, Creation of

Paranormal Diagnosis

Paranormal Electrical Effect see Electrical/Electronic Sensitivity, Paranormal

Paranormal Faces see Imprints, Paranormal

Paranormal Healing see Psychic Healing

Paranormal Imprints see Imprints, Paranormal

Paranormal Odor see Odor, Paranormal

Paranormal Sound see Sound, Paranormal

Paranormal Touch see Touch, Paranormal

Paranormal Voice see Voice, Paranormal

Past-Life Recall

Peace Beyond Understanding

Peak Experiences (Class)

Peak Performance see Exceptional Human Performance/Feats

Peak-in-Darien Experience

Performing/Witnessing Noble Acts see Noble Acts, Performing/Witnessing

Perinatal Experience

Personal Best Experience

Personal Cosmology see Cosmic Consciousness/Connectedness; Outer Space Experience

Phantom see Apparition; Haunt

Phantom Hitchhiker

Phantom Phone Call

Photography, Paranormal see Psychic Photography

Physiological Feats see Exceptional Human Performance/Feats (General Class)

PK see Psychokinesis

Placebo Effect

Planetary Consciousness; see also World-Wide Web Experience

Plant-Human Experience

Plateau Experience

Poltergeist Experience

Possession

Post Mortal Messages see After Death Communication

Post-Mortem Communication see After Death Communication

Post-Mortem Painting, Visions, Voices, Writing see After Death Communication

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder see Spiritual Emergency

Prayer Experience; see also Contemplative Experience; Intercessory Prayer; Meditation

Experience; Yoga Experience

Prebirth Experience; see also Life Between Life

Precognition; see also Premonition

Premonition; see also Monition

Prenatal Experience

Presence, Sense of see Sense of Presence

Presque Vu

Primal Life Experience; see also Life Interconnectedness Experience

Prodigies; see also Savant Syndrome

Prophecy Experience

Proxy Sitter Experience

Psi Experience see Psychical

Experiences (Class)

Psi Timing

Psychedelic Drug Experience see Hallucinogenic Drug Experience

Psychic Dream

Psychic Experiences see Psychical Experiences (Class)

Psychic Healing

Psychic Imprint Encounter

Psychic Photography

Psychic Surgery

Psychical Experiences (Class)

Psychography see Direct Writing

Psychokinesis

Psychomanteum Experience see Mirror Vision; OracularExperience

Psychometry

Psychoneuroimmunology

Psychotherapeutic Breakthrough Experience

Psychotherapeutic Resonance

Qiqong Experience

Rainmaking; see also Weather Control, Anomalous

Rapport

Raps see Sounds, Paranormal

Rapture see Ecstasy

Reading While Asleep see Sleep Learning

Reciprocal Apparition

Recollective Experience

Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis see Haunts; Hauntings; Poltergeists

Reincarnation Experience see Past Life Recall

Remote Staring

Remote Viewing

Rescue Circle

Resurrection After Death

Retroactive Psychokinesis

Retrocognition

Reunion Experience see After Death Communications

Revelation

Rhabdomancy see Dowsing

Rhythmic Experience

Rock-Human Experience see Mineral-Human Experience

RSPK see Recurrent Spontaneous Psychokinesis

Sacred Sites see Holy or Power Place Encounter

Sacred Silence

Sacred Stillness

Sacred Vision

Savant Syndrome; see also Prodigies

Scent, Transcendental; see also Odor, Paranormal

Scrying

Séance Experience

Second Sight see also Clairvoyance; Extrasensory Perception (ESP); Precognition

Self-Realization see Enlightenment

Sense of Presence

Sense of Vocation see Vocation, Sense of

Serendipity; see also Coincidences, Striking; Luck

Shamanic Ecstasy

Shamanic Experience

Shamanic Healing

Shamanistic Experience

Shamanistic Healing

Shamanistic Initiatory Crisis

Shared Anomalous Experience (e.g., see also, Collective Apparition; Shared Dream)

Shout see Spirit Shout

Shouting see Spirit Shout

Sight, Second see Second Sight

Silence, Sacred see Sacred Silence

Sitter Group Experience; see also Séance Experience

Sitting see Séance Experience; Sitter Group Experience

Sixth Sense see Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

Skin-Writing

Slate Writing

Sleep Learning

Sleep Paralysis

Soothsaying see Divination

Sorcery see Magic/Sorcery

Soul-Retrieval

Soulmate Experience

Sound, Paranormal

Speaking in Tongues see Glossolalia; Xenoglossy

Species Consciousness see Human Species Consciousness/Connectedness

Spirit Guide

Spirit Healing

Spirit Photography

Spirit Shout Experience

Spiritual Emergency/Emergence Experience; see also Desolation/Nadir Experience; Shamanistic Initiatory Crisis

Spiritual Healing

Spontaneous Cures

Spontaneous Human Combustion

Spontaneous Remission see Spontaneous Cures

Stair Flying

Staring, Remote see Remote Staring

Stigmata

Stillness, Sacred see Sacred Stillness

Street Lamp Interference; see also Electrical/Electronic Sensitivity, Paranormal

Sublime, Experience of the see Numinous Experience

Suggestology see Accelerated Learning; Supermemory

Supermemory; see also Accelerated Learning

Supernatural Assault see Incubus Experience

Surrender

Suspended Animation

Synchronicity

Synergetic Experience

Synergistic Experience see Synergetic Experience

Synesthesia

Table Turning see Sitter Group

Table-tipping see Sitter Group

Tears, Transcendental see Weeping, Transcendental

Telekinesis see Psychokinesis

Telepathy

Teleportation

Telesthesia see Clairvoyance

Temperature Changes, Anomalous

Theophany

Therapeutic Touch

Thought Transference see Telepathy

Thoughtography see Psychic Photography

Token Object Reading see Psychometry

Touch, Paranormal

Trance Running see Lung-gom-pa Running

Transcendent Experience see Numinous Experience; Mystical Experience; Peak Experience

Transcendent Dream

Transcendental Emotion see Emotion, Transcendental

Transcendental Music see MusicExperience

Transcendental Odor see Odor, Paranormal; Scent, Transcendental

Transcendental Tears see Weeping, Transcendental

Transfiguration

Transformative Dream

Transpersonal Experience

Transpersonal Memory Recollective Experience

Tumo Experience

Tunnel Experience

UFO Abduction Experience

Alien Abduction

UFO Encounter

Alien Encounter

Uncanny Feeling/Sense

Unitive Experience

Unorthodox Healing see Healing, Experiences/Approaches

Vanishing see Dematerilization

Vertigo Experience; see also Immersive Thrill Experience

Vicarious EEs/EHE

Virtual Transcendent Experience

Vision Quest Experience

Visionary Experience; see also Sacred Vision; Vision Quest Experience

Vocation, Sense of

Voices, Hearing

Void, Experience of the

Walk-In Experience

Water Witching see Dowsing

Weather Control, Anomalous

Weeping, Transcendental

Wholeness see Health/Wholeness Experience

Wilderness Experience

Wonder, Experience of

World-Wide Web Experience

Xenoglossy, Recitative

Xenoglossy, Responsive

Yoga Experience

Contemplative Experience

Prayer Experience

Zero Ground Experience

Zone Experience

[the-north-ship]

Certain biologists in the past concluded from these facts that even in species capable of asexual propagation occasional fertilisation is necessary to renew the vigour of the race – to accomplish ‘rejuvenation’ through the mixing of hereditary material from two individuals. On this hypothesis sexuality might well appear to be an indispensable function in the most complex forms of life; only the lower organisms could multiply without sexuality, and even here vitality would after a time become exhausted. But today this hypothesis is largely abandoned; research has proved that under suitable conditions asexual multiplication can go on indefinitely without noticeable degeneration, a fact that is especially striking in the bacteria and Protozoa. More and more numerous and daring experiments in parthenogenesis are being performed, and in many species the male appears to be fundamentally unnecessary. Besides, if the value of intercellular exchange were demonstrated, that value would seem to stand as a sheer, unexplained fact. Biology certainly demonstrates the existence of sexual differentiation, but from the point of view of any end to be attained the science could not infer such differentiation from the structure of the cell, nor from the laws of cellular multiplication, nor from any basic phenomenon.

[shoesofthefishermanswife]

How does caffeine work? Good luck, you got this!!

Hi Jay!

Caffeine does a couple different things.

First, caffeine binds to cAMP phosphodiesterase, an ezyme that breaks down cAMP. This inhibits the breakdown of cAMP and increases in the intercellular calcium ion levels which boots cell excitability.

Caffeine is also a GABA(A) antagonist. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, so by shutting down GABA activity, you decrease cellular inhibition.

Another important thing caffeine does is block adenosine at A1 and A2A receptors. Adenosine is released by your brain through brain activity, building up throughout your day and it makes you sleepy. But caffeine stops that.

Additionally, A2A receptors form heteromeres with D2 receptors. Heteromeres are like evil bonded pairs where one receptor being activated makes the other one less likely to activate (negative allosteric modulation). So when caffeine blocks adenosine, it increases dopamine activity. Most people think dopamine = happy, but it's more helpful to think dopamine = motivation.

Generally, up to 400 mg is considered a safe dose. (200 mg during pregnancy). Those REFILLABLE Panera lemonades had 390 mg?? Also, there are three different chemicals under the caffeine umbrella: caffeine, theophylline (found in tea) and theobromine (found in chocolate)

[didanawisgi]

Melatonin: Both a Messenger of Darkness and a Participant in the Cellular Actions of Non-Visible Solar Radiation of Near Infrared Light