#where in sql query

[riczkypratama]

Menggali Lebih Dalam: 5 Fakta Menarik tentang SQL Query

SQL (Structured Query Language) merupakan bahasa pemrograman khusus yang digunakan untuk mengelola dan mengakses basis data relasional. SQL Query adalah perintah atau instruksi yang digunakan untuk berinteraksi dengan basis data. Dalam dunia pengembangan perangkat lunak dan administrasi basis data, SQL Query menjadi landasan utama. Mari kita telaah 5 fakta menarik tentang SQL Query yang dapat memberikan wawasan lebih dalam.

1. Basis Data Relasional dan SQL

SQL Query paling sering digunakan dalam konteks basis data relasional. Basis data relasional menggunakan tabel untuk menyimpan data dan memanipulasinya dengan menggunakan relasi antar tabel. SQL memungkinkan pengguna untuk menentukan, mengakses, dan memanipulasi data dalam tabel-tabel ini dengan mudah melalui Query.

2. DML dan DDL: Perbedaan dalam SQL Query

SQL Query dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis utama: Data Manipulation Language (DML) dan Data Definition Language (DDL). DML digunakan untuk mengelola data dalam basis data, seperti menambahkan, menghapus, atau memperbarui catatan. Di sisi lain, DDL digunakan untuk mendefinisikan struktur basis data, seperti membuat, mengubah, atau menghapus tabel.

3. Klausa WHERE: Penyaringan Data

Klausa WHERE adalah salah satu elemen kunci dalam SQL Query. Digunakan untuk menyaring data berdasarkan kondisi tertentu, klausa WHERE memungkinkan pengguna untuk mengambil data yang memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Misalnya, SELECT * FROM Tabel WHERE Kolom = Nilai akan mengembalikan baris-baris yang memenuhi persyaratan tersebut.

4. JOIN: Menggabungkan Data dari Berbagai Tabel

JOIN merupakan fungsionalitas penting dalam SQL Query yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk menggabungkan data dari dua atau lebih tabel. Dengan JOIN, kita dapat mengambil data yang berkaitan dari tabel-tabel yang berbeda berdasarkan kolom-kolom yang memiliki nilai yang sama. Ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk membuat kueri yang lebih kompleks dan mendapatkan informasi yang lebih terperinci.

5. Transaksi dan Kepatuhan ACID

SQL Query sering digunakan dalam konteks transaksi basis data. Transaksi adalah serangkaian operasi yang membentuk suatu tindakan tunggal, dan SQL mendukung sifat-sifat transaksi yang dikenal sebagai ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, dan Durability. Ini menjamin bahwa operasi-operasi tersebut dapat dijalankan secara aman dan konsisten.

Melalui kekuatannya dalam memanipulasi data dalam basis data relasional, SQL Query menjadi elemen kunci dalam pengembangan aplikasi dan administrasi sistem basis data. Dengan memahami konsep dan fungsionalitas dasar SQL Query, para pengembang dan administrator basis data dapat mengoptimalkan kinerja dan efisiensi operasi mereka.

[ay4hlive]

Konsep View

View dalam database adalah objek virtual yang terdiri dari subset data yang berasal dari satu atau lebih tabel dalam database. View menyediakan cara yang terstruktur dan terorganisir untuk melihat dan mengakses data yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Berikut adalah beberapa hal penting tentang view dalam database: Definisi View:View didefinisikan menggunakan pernyataan SQL (Structured Query…

[lazeecomet]

The Story of KLogs: What happens when an Mechanical Engineer codes

Since i no longer work at Wearhouse Automation Startup (WAS for short) and havnt for many years i feel as though i should recount the tale of the most bonkers program i ever wrote, but we need to establish some background

WAS has its HQ very far away from the big customer site and i worked as a Field Service Engineer (FSE) on site. so i learned early on that if a problem needed to be solved fast, WE had to do it. we never got many updates on what was coming down the pipeline for us or what issues were being worked on. this made us very independent

As such, we got good at reading the robot logs ourselves. it took too much time to send the logs off to HQ for analysis and get back what the problem was. we can read. now GETTING the logs is another thing.

the early robots we cut our teeth on used 2.4 gHz wifi to communicate with FSE's so dumping the logs was as simple as pushing a button in a little application and it would spit out a txt file

later on our robots were upgraded to use a 2.4 mHz xbee radio to communicate with us. which was FUCKING SLOW. and log dumping became a much more tedious process. you had to connect, go to logging mode, and then the robot would vomit all the logs in the past 2 min OR the entirety of its memory bank (only 2 options) into a terminal window. you would then save the terminal window and open it in a text editor to read them. it could take up to 5 min to dump the entire log file and if you didnt dump fast enough, the ACK messages from the control server would fill up the logs and erase the error as the memory overwrote itself.

this missing logs problem was a Big Deal for software who now weren't getting every log from every error so a NEW method of saving logs was devised: the robot would just vomit the log data in real time over a DIFFERENT radio and we would save it to a KQL server. Thanks Daddy Microsoft.

now whats KQL you may be asking. why, its Microsofts very own SQL clone! its Kusto Query Language. never mind that the system uses a SQL database for daily operations. lets use this proprietary Microsoft thing because they are paying us

so yay, problem solved. we now never miss the logs. so how do we read them if they are split up line by line in a database? why with a query of course!

select * from tbLogs where RobotUID = [64CharLongString] and timestamp > [UnixTimeCode]

if this makes no sense to you, CONGRATULATIONS! you found the problem with this setup. Most FSE's were BAD at SQL which meant they didnt read logs anymore. If you do understand what the query is, CONGRATULATIONS! you see why this is Very Stupid.

You could not search by robot name. each robot had some arbitrarily assigned 64 character long string as an identifier and the timestamps were not set to local time. so you had run a lookup query to find the right name and do some time zone math to figure out what part of the logs to read. oh yeah and you had to download KQL to view them. so now we had both SQL and KQL on our computers

NOBODY in the field like this.

But Daddy Microsoft comes to the rescue

see we didnt JUST get KQL with part of that deal. we got the entire Microsoft cloud suite. and some people (like me) had been automating emails and stuff with Power Automate

This is Microsoft Power Automate. its Microsoft's version of Scratch but it has hooks into everything Microsoft. SharePoint, Teams, Outlook, Excel, it can integrate with all of it. i had been using it to send an email once a day with a list of all the robots in maintenance.

this gave me an idea

and i checked

and Power Automate had hooks for KQL

KLogs is actually short for Kusto Logs

I did not know how to program in Power Automate but damn it anything is better then writing KQL queries. so i got to work. and about 2 months later i had a BEHEMOTH of a Power Automate program. it lagged the webpage and many times when i tried to edit something my changes wouldn't take and i would have to click in very specific ways to ensure none of my variables were getting nuked. i dont think this was the intended purpose of Power Automate but this is what it did

the KLogger would watch a list of Teams chats and when someone typed "klogs" or pasted a copy of an ERROR mesage, it would spring into action.

it extracted the robot name from the message and timestamp from teams

it would lookup the name in the database to find the 64 long string UID and the location that robot was assigned too

it would reply to the message in teams saying it found a robot name and was getting logs

it would run a KQL query for the database and get the control system logs then export then into a CSV

it would save the CSV with the a .xls extension into a folder in ShairPoint (it would make a new folder for each day and location if it didnt have one already)

it would send ANOTHER message in teams with a LINK to the file in SharePoint

it would then enter a loop and scour the robot logs looking for the keyword ESTOP to find the error. (it did this because Kusto was SLOWER then the xbee radio and had up to a 10 min delay on syncing)

if it found the error, it would adjust its start and end timestamps to capture it and export the robot logs book-ended from the event by ~ 1 min. if it didnt, it would use the timestamp from when it was triggered +/- 5 min

it saved THOSE logs to SharePoint the same way as before

it would send ANOTHER message in teams with a link to the files

it would then check if the error was 1 of 3 very specific type of error with the camera. if it was it extracted the base64 jpg image saved in KQL as a byte array, do the math to convert it, and save that as a jpg in SharePoint (and link it of course)

and then it would terminate. and if it encountered an error anywhere in all of this, i had logic where it would spit back an error message in Teams as plaintext explaining what step failed and the program would close gracefully

I deployed it without asking anyone at one of the sites that was struggling. i just pointed it at their chat and turned it on. it had a bit of a rocky start (spammed chat) but man did the FSE's LOVE IT.

about 6 months later software deployed their answer to reading the logs: a webpage that acted as a nice GUI to the KQL database. much better then an CSV file

it still needed you to scroll though a big drop-down of robot names and enter a timestamp, but i noticed something. all that did was just change part of the URL and refresh the webpage

SO I MADE KLOGS 2 AND HAD IT GENERATE THE URL FOR YOU AND REPLY TO YOUR MESSAGE WITH IT. (it also still did the control server and jpg stuff). Theres a non-zero chance that klogs was still in use long after i left that job

now i dont recommend anyone use power automate like this. its clunky and weird. i had to make a variable called "Carrage Return" which was a blank text box that i pressed enter one time in because it was incapable of understanding /n or generating a new line in any capacity OTHER then this (thanks support forum).

im also sure this probably is giving the actual programmer people anxiety. imagine working at a company and then some rando you've never seen but only heard about as "the FSE whos really good at root causing stuff", in a department that does not do any coding, managed to, in their spare time, build and release and entire workflow piggybacking on your work without any oversight, code review, or permission.....and everyone liked it

[revalition]

HEY i read your rambles on the authority skilltober drawing and i just wanna say that id love to read your thoughts on authority and volition's dynamic!! if you want to share them obviously lmao

hi anon!!! you sent this in 6 weeks ago, I am so sorry :( hopefully you still see this

I am! extremely excited to dump about these two!! just needed to have the time/energy to and then it took forever hgkjh

it's gonna be long so putting a break here :) but there are quote screenshots *and* doodles under the cut

first off, a bunch of this stuff is in this post about them, this Volition skilltober post, and this Authority skilltober post, but now it's all together. so if you've seen some of this commentary or screenshots before... that's why

so ... going to sort this into canon and headcanons.

CANON:

we get: all volition and authority interactions I can find!

them agreeing:

them disagreeing:

this ones not really agreeing or disagreeing ig:

this one, the authority passive only fires if volition's doesn't. they're covering for eachotherrr.

I ran a very complicated SQL query to find all the instances of them having dialogue right after another, but it doesn't account for when the dialogue is separated by a variable check (eg. the sorry cop dialogue needs to check if you have the sorry cop thought). so I did what anyone would do and spent 3 hours making a far more convoluted query to iterate through the variable chains until they reached another line of dialogue. Which for some reason was a lot more easy in theory than in execution. And every time I messed it up it would sit for like 15 minutes and then bomb my computer with 10 million rows of dialogue. And sure, maybe twice I accidentally made it trace through every single dialogue path possible in the game recursively which. required killing it because it blew up. but it eventually WORKED and that's what matters.

So these quotes! Basically. They agree on stuff plenty, backing eachother up against bad ideas presented by Harry, other skills, or other people. but they also bicker a lot, trying to shut down eachother's ideas. Volition is the voice of reason in a lot of these, mostly just his desire not to die out of sheer willpower, as well as shutting down a few of Authority's more impulsive suggestions. But there is one where Volition disagrees with Authority, telling you to keep pushing on the stickbug issue despite the fact that he's only doing it to be stubborn and is actively making the situation worse... I think Authority helps balance against the extreme stubbornness Volition sometimes takes too far.

Here are a couple of them referring to eachother's specialties...

Authority is also extremely anti narcotics and encourages you to do the right thing (like declining Evrart's bribe) which I'm sure Volition would be happy with, until Authority takes it too far and encourages you to drink and smoke more because it's better than narcotics, and starts encouraging you to basically fabricate situations where you can pretend to be honourable for karma coupons. Which. Sigh.

That's them! They're on the same page and everything is going great right up until it's not.

Also Authority triggers the only instance of healing *all* morale damage in the whole game... :)

Of note is also when Volition *doesn't* chime in. Volition is well aware of the gun idea during the Hardies fail, even before you are, and makes no move to stop it. (Also, the back and forth during that fail when Volition tells you to give the gun back is. hgkh. I can't think of any other instance of Volition trying to override some bad decision and the skill in question talking/fighting back. If it does happen, it must be pretty rare.) He also doesn't stop you during the Authority fail dancing in the church, just urges you to go apologize after the damage is done (despite stopping you from making a racist comment during an encyclopedia fail a different time).

They also do take over for eachother from time to time! Especially with Kim asserting his authority, both of them do it several times. Authority obviously has the eyebrow standoff, but the check to not wipe coal off your face is an Authority check. The check to refuse to drink water after you faint is Volition, as well as Volition will allow you to tell Kim you don't need to be supervised.

HEADCANONS:

YES behold. my headcanons about them.

skill parents... the two of them are the ones all the other skills go to if they need help, or to break up a fight, or to hide from if they're being irresponsible

one sided rivalry!! volition just wants to keep everything together and authority took that personally. he's far more invested in asserting himself over volition than the other way around -- volition just wants authority to listen to him. we've got volition at 10 skill points and authority at 8, and authority is cooperative right up until Harry takes too much morale damage and volition's points dip below authority's, and then all bets are off.

ouh I love these two. when they get along, they work together wonderfully and do a great job running the ship together. and when they don't it turns into a mess! :) they absolutely fight over who has to (or gets to, depending) resolve an issue when something comes up while they're fighting. or will defer to the other one if they're separate (go talk to authority > go ask volition loop)

Authority is like this absolute force of nature that can't stand being told no, or anything or anyone getting in his way, and will use intimidation or force or whatever he has to to get his way. And Volition is this wall of willpower that will completely dig his heels in at the first sign of anyone trying to force him to do something he doesn't want to do, and continue to be unrelentingly stubborn about it until the bitter end. Unstoppable force vs immovable object. Authority's desire to control everything is only matched by Volition's desire for control over himself. Like I am not convinced Volition would be able to put self preservation above his stubbornness. And it's this eternal standoff until something (either of their skill points dropping/raising) changes the playing field. They're awful for each other sometimes but they're the only ones who can balance each other out a bit. I'm so normal about them.

I will say with regards to my morale critical volition, which I have many thoughts about constantly... that authority is so much more attuned to volition's strength relative to his own that he often realizes way before the others that morale is getting low. :) may make some mini comics about them because writing is much more fickle... and I like drawing them.

okay... that's far more than anyone could have possibly wanted about these two idiots, I think. hope u enjoyed anon, ty for asking about them!!!

[codingquill]

SQL Fundamentals #1: SQL Data Definition

Last year in college , I had the opportunity to dive deep into SQL. The course was made even more exciting by an amazing instructor . Fast forward to today, and I regularly use SQL in my backend development work with PHP. Today, I felt the need to refresh my SQL knowledge a bit, and that's why I've put together three posts aimed at helping beginners grasp the fundamentals of SQL.

Understanding Relational Databases

Let's Begin with the Basics: What Is a Database?

Simply put, a database is like a digital warehouse where you store large amounts of data. When you work on projects that involve data, you need a place to keep that data organized and accessible, and that's where databases come into play.

Exploring Different Types of Databases

When it comes to databases, there are two primary types to consider: relational and non-relational.

Relational Databases: Structured Like Tables

Think of a relational database as a collection of neatly organized tables, somewhat like rows and columns in an Excel spreadsheet. Each table represents a specific type of information, and these tables are interconnected through shared attributes. It's similar to a well-organized library catalog where you can find books by author, title, or genre.

Key Points:

Tables with rows and columns.

Data is neatly structured, much like a library catalog.

You use a structured query language (SQL) to interact with it.

Ideal for handling structured data with complex relationships.

Non-Relational Databases: Flexibility in Containers

Now, imagine a non-relational database as a collection of flexible containers, more like bins or boxes. Each container holds data, but they don't have to adhere to a fixed format. It's like managing a diverse collection of items in various boxes without strict rules. This flexibility is incredibly useful when dealing with unstructured or rapidly changing data, like social media posts or sensor readings.

Key Points:

Data can be stored in diverse formats.

There's no rigid structure; adaptability is the name of the game.

Non-relational databases (often called NoSQL databases) are commonly used.

Ideal for handling unstructured or dynamic data.

Now, Let's Dive into SQL:

SQL is a :

Data Definition language ( what todays post is all about )

Data Manipulation language

Data Query language

Task: Building and Interacting with a Bookstore Database

Setting Up the Database

Our first step in creating a bookstore database is to establish it. You can achieve this with a straightforward SQL command:

CREATE DATABASE bookstoreDB;

SQL Data Definition

As the name suggests, this step is all about defining your tables. By the end of this phase, your database and the tables within it are created and ready for action.

1 - Introducing the 'Books' Table

A bookstore is all about its collection of books, so our 'bookstoreDB' needs a place to store them. We'll call this place the 'books' table. Here's how you create it:

CREATE TABLE books ( -- Don't worry, we'll fill this in soon! );

Now, each book has its own set of unique details, including titles, authors, genres, publication years, and prices. These details will become the columns in our 'books' table, ensuring that every book can be fully described.

Now that we have the plan, let's create our 'books' table with all these attributes:

CREATE TABLE books ( title VARCHAR(40), author VARCHAR(40), genre VARCHAR(40), publishedYear DATE, price INT(10) );

With this structure in place, our bookstore database is ready to house a world of books.

2 - Making Changes to the Table

Sometimes, you might need to modify a table you've created in your database. Whether it's correcting an error during table creation, renaming the table, or adding/removing columns, these changes are made using the 'ALTER TABLE' command.

For instance, if you want to rename your 'books' table:

ALTER TABLE books RENAME TO books_table;

If you want to add a new column:

ALTER TABLE books ADD COLUMN description VARCHAR(100);

Or, if you need to delete a column:

ALTER TABLE books DROP COLUMN title;

3 - Dropping the Table

Finally, if you ever want to remove a table you've created in your database, you can do so using the 'DROP TABLE' command:

DROP TABLE books;

To keep this post concise, our next post will delve into the second step, which involves data manipulation. Once our bookstore database is up and running with its tables, we'll explore how to modify and enrich it with new information and data. Stay tuned ...

Part2

[chappydev]

Future of LLMs (or, "AI", as it is improperly called)

Posted a thread on bluesky and wanted to share it and expand on it here. I'm tangentially connected to the industry as someone who has worked in game dev, but I know people who work at more enterprise focused companies like Microsoft, Oracle, etc. I'm a developer who is highly AI-critical, but I'm also aware of where it stands in the tech world and thus I think I can share my perspective. I am by no means an expert, mind you, so take it all with a grain of salt, but I think that since so many creatives and artists are on this platform, it would be of interest here. Or maybe I'm just rambling, idk.

LLM art models ("AI art") will eventually crash and burn. Even if they win their legal battles (which if they do win, it will only be at great cost), AI art is a bad word almost universally. Even more than that, the business model hemmoraghes money. Every time someone generates art, the company loses money -- it's a very high energy process, and there's simply no way to monetize it without charging like a thousand dollars per generation. It's environmentally awful, but it's also expensive, and the sheer cost will mean they won't last without somehow bringing energy costs down. Maybe this could be doable if they weren't also being sued from every angle, but they just don't have infinite money.

Companies that are investing in "ai research" to find a use for LLMs in their company will, after years of research, come up with nothing. They will blame their devs and lay them off. The devs, worth noting, aren't necessarily to blame. I know an AI developer at meta (LLM, really, because again AI is not real), and the morale of that team is at an all time low. Their entire job is explaining patiently to product managers that no, what you're asking for isn't possible, nothing you want me to make can exist, we do not need to pivot to LLMs. The product managers tell them to try anyway. They write an LLM. It is unable to do what was asked for. "Hm let's try again" the product manager says. This cannot go on forever, not even for Meta. Worst part is, the dev who was more or less trying to fight against this will get the blame, while the product manager moves on to the next thing. Think like how NFTs suddenly disappeared, but then every company moved to AI. It will be annoying and people will lose jobs, but not the people responsible.

ChatGPT will probably go away as something public facing as the OpenAI foundation continues to be mismanaged. However, while ChatGPT as something people use to like, write scripts and stuff, will become less frequent as the public facing chatGPT becomes unmaintainable, internal chatGPT based LLMs will continue to exist.

This is the only sort of LLM that actually has any real practical use case. Basically, companies like Oracle, Microsoft, Meta etc license an AI company's model, usually ChatGPT.They are given more or less a version of ChatGPT they can then customize and train on their own internal data. These internal LLMs are then used by developers and others to assist with work. Not in the "write this for me" kind of way but in the "Find me this data" kind of way, or asking it how a piece of code works. "How does X software that Oracle makes do Y function, take me to that function" and things like that. Also asking it to write SQL queries and RegExes. Everyone I talk to who uses these intrernal LLMs talks about how that's like, the biggest thign they ask it to do, lol.

This still has some ethical problems. It's bad for the enivronment, but it's not being done in some datacenter in god knows where and vampiring off of a power grid -- it's running on the existing servers of these companies. Their power costs will go up, contributing to global warming, but it's profitable and actually useful, so companies won't care and only do token things like carbon credits or whatever. Still, it will be less of an impact than now, so there's something. As for training on internal data, I personally don't find this unethical, not in the same way as training off of external data. Training a language model to understand a C++ project and then asking it for help with that project is not quite the same thing as asking a bot that has scanned all of GitHub against the consent of developers and asking it to write an entire project for me, you know? It will still sometimes hallucinate and give bad results, but nowhere near as badly as the massive, public bots do since it's so specialized.

The only one I'm actually unsure and worried about is voice acting models, aka AI voices. It gets far less pushback than AI art (it should get more, but it's not as caustic to a brand as AI art is. I have seen people willing to overlook an AI voice in a youtube video, but will have negative feelings on AI art), as the public is less educated on voice acting as a profession. This has all the same ethical problems that AI art has, but I do not know if it has the same legal problems. It seems legally unclear who owns a voice when they voice act for a company; obviously, if a third party trains on your voice from a product you worked on, that company can sue them, but can you directly? If you own the work, then yes, you definitely can, but if you did a role for Disney and Disney then trains off of that... this is morally horrible, but legally, without stricter laws and contracts, they can get away with it.

In short, AI art does not make money outside of venture capital so it will not last forever. ChatGPT's main income source is selling specialized LLMs to companies, so the public facing ChatGPT is mostly like, a showcase product. As OpenAI the company continues to deathspiral, I see the company shutting down, and new companies (with some of the same people) popping up and pivoting to exclusively catering to enterprises as an enterprise solution. LLM models will become like, idk, SQL servers or whatever. Something the general public doesn't interact with directly but is everywhere in the industry. This will still have environmental implications, but LLMs are actually good at this, and the data theft problem disappears in most cases.

Again, this is just my general feeling, based on things I've heard from people in enterprise software or working on LLMs (often not because they signed up for it, but because the company is pivoting to it so i guess I write shitty LLMs now). I think artists will eventually be safe from AI but only after immense damages, I think writers will be similarly safe, but I'm worried for voice acting.

[shumw4y]

"Here are some quick, practical SQL learning resources that will help you get comfortable without overwhelming you:

1. Codecademy - SQL for Beginners

Why: Interactive lessons and hands-on exercises.

What you'll learn: Basics like SELECT, WHERE, JOINs, and aggregation (SUM, COUNT, AVG).

Link: Codecademy - SQL

2. W3Schools - SQL Tutorial

Why: A great reference for looking up syntax and examples.

What you'll learn: SQL fundamentals and queries with examples that are easy to try in a browser.

Link: W3Schools SQL Tutorial

3. SQLBolt

Why: Short, hands-on lessons that help you practice writing queries immediately.

What you'll learn: Data filtering, sorting, and combining tables with JOINs.

Link: SQLBolt

4. Khan Academy - Intro to SQL

Why: Beginner-friendly and focused on the basics, plus you can do exercises along the way.

What you'll learn: Selecting, filtering, sorting, and JOINs, with examples.

Link: Khan Academy SQL

5. LeetCode - SQL Practice

Why: More challenging, with real-world SQL problems you can solve.

What you'll learn: Advanced queries, subqueries, and more complex data manipulations.

Link: LeetCode SQL"

[digitaldetoxworld]

Structured Query Language (SQL): A Comprehensive Guide

 Structured Query Language, popularly called SQL (reported "ess-que-ell" or sometimes "sequel"), is the same old language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. Developed in the early 1970s by using IBM researchers Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce, SQL has when you consider that end up the dominant language for database structures round the world.

Structured query language commands with examples

Today, certainly every important relational database control system (RDBMS)—such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and SQLite—uses SQL as its core question language.

What is SQL?

SQL is a website-specific language used to:

Retrieve facts from a database.

Insert, replace, and delete statistics.

Create and modify database structures (tables, indexes, perspectives).

Manage get entry to permissions and security.

Perform data analytics and reporting.

In easy phrases, SQL permits customers to speak with databases to shop and retrieve structured information.

Key Characteristics of SQL

Declarative Language: SQL focuses on what to do, now not the way to do it. For instance, whilst you write SELECT * FROM users, you don’t need to inform SQL the way to fetch the facts—it figures that out.

Standardized: SQL has been standardized through agencies like ANSI and ISO, with maximum database structures enforcing the core language and including their very own extensions.

Relational Model-Based: SQL is designed to work with tables (also called members of the family) in which records is organized in rows and columns.

Core Components of SQL

SQL may be damaged down into numerous predominant categories of instructions, each with unique functions.

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

DDL commands are used to outline or modify the shape of database gadgets like tables, schemas, indexes, and so forth.

Common DDL commands:

CREATE: To create a brand new table or database.

ALTER:     To modify an present table (add or put off columns).

DROP: To delete a table or database.

TRUNCATE: To delete all rows from a table but preserve its shape.

Example:

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CREATE TABLE personnel (

  id INT PRIMARY KEY,

  call VARCHAR(one hundred),

  income DECIMAL(10,2)

);

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)

DML commands are used for statistics operations which include inserting, updating, or deleting information.

Common DML commands:

SELECT: Retrieve data from one or more tables.

INSERT: Add new records.

UPDATE: Modify existing statistics.

DELETE: Remove information.

Example:

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INSERT INTO employees (id, name, earnings)

VALUES (1, 'Alice Johnson', 75000.00);

three. Data Query Language (DQL)

Some specialists separate SELECT from DML and treat it as its very own category: DQL.

Example:

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SELECT name, income FROM personnel WHERE profits > 60000;

This command retrieves names and salaries of employees earning more than 60,000.

4. Data Control Language (DCL)

DCL instructions cope with permissions and access manage.

Common DCL instructions:

GRANT: Give get right of entry to to users.

REVOKE: Remove access.

Example:

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GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON personnel TO john_doe;

five. Transaction Control Language (TCL)

TCL commands manage transactions to ensure data integrity.

Common TCL instructions:

BEGIN: Start a transaction.

COMMIT: Save changes.

ROLLBACK: Undo changes.

SAVEPOINT: Set a savepoint inside a transaction.

Example:

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BEGIN;

UPDATE personnel SET earnings = income * 1.10;

COMMIT;

SQL Clauses and Syntax Elements

WHERE: Filters rows.

ORDER BY: Sorts effects.

GROUP BY: Groups rows sharing a assets.

HAVING: Filters companies.

JOIN: Combines rows from  or greater tables.

Example with JOIN:

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SELECT personnel.Name, departments.Name

FROM personnel

JOIN departments ON personnel.Dept_id = departments.Identity;

Types of Joins in SQL

INNER JOIN: Returns statistics with matching values in each tables.

LEFT JOIN: Returns all statistics from the left table, and matched statistics from the right.

RIGHT JOIN: Opposite of LEFT JOIN.

FULL JOIN: Returns all records while there is a in shape in either desk.

SELF JOIN: Joins a table to itself.

Subqueries and Nested Queries

A subquery is a query inside any other query.

Example:

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SELECT name FROM employees

WHERE earnings > (SELECT AVG(earnings) FROM personnel);

This reveals employees who earn above common earnings.

Functions in SQL

SQL includes built-in features for acting calculations and formatting:

Aggregate Functions: SUM(), AVG(), COUNT(), MAX(), MIN()

String Functions: UPPER(), LOWER(), CONCAT()

Date Functions: NOW(), CURDATE(), DATEADD()

Conversion Functions: CAST(), CONVERT()

Indexes in SQL

An index is used to hurry up searches.

Example:

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CREATE INDEX idx_name ON employees(call);

Indexes help improve the performance of queries concerning massive information.

Views in SQL

A view is a digital desk created through a question.

Example:

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CREATE VIEW high_earners AS

SELECT call, salary FROM employees WHERE earnings > 80000;

Views are beneficial for:

Security (disguise positive columns)

Simplifying complex queries

Reusability

Normalization in SQL

Normalization is the system of organizing facts to reduce redundancy. It entails breaking a database into multiple related tables and defining overseas keys to link them.

1NF: No repeating groups.

2NF: No partial dependency.

3NF: No transitive dependency.

SQL in Real-World Applications

Web Development: Most web apps use SQL to manipulate customers, periods, orders, and content.

Data Analysis: SQL is extensively used in information analytics systems like Power BI, Tableau, and even Excel (thru Power Query).

Finance and Banking: SQL handles transaction logs, audit trails, and reporting systems.

Healthcare: Managing patient statistics, remedy records, and billing.

Retail: Inventory systems, sales analysis, and consumer statistics.

Government and Research: For storing and querying massive datasets.

Popular SQL Database Systems

MySQL: Open-supply and extensively used in internet apps.

PostgreSQL: Advanced capabilities and standards compliance.

Oracle DB: Commercial, especially scalable, agency-degree.

SQL Server: Microsoft’s relational database.

SQLite: Lightweight, file-based database used in cellular and desktop apps.

Limitations of SQL

SQL can be verbose and complicated for positive operations.

Not perfect for unstructured information (NoSQL databases like MongoDB are better acceptable).

Vendor-unique extensions can reduce portability.

Java Programming Language Tutorial

Dot Net Programming Language

C ++ Online Compliers 

C Language Compliers 

[sonadukane]

How to Become a Data Scientist in 2025 (Roadmap for Absolute Beginners)

Want to become a data scientist in 2025 but don’t know where to start? You’re not alone. With job roles, tech stacks, and buzzwords changing rapidly, it’s easy to feel lost.

But here’s the good news: you don’t need a PhD or years of coding experience to get started. You just need the right roadmap.

Let’s break down the beginner-friendly path to becoming a data scientist in 2025.

✈️ Step 1: Get Comfortable with Python

Python is the most beginner-friendly programming language in data science.

What to learn:

Variables, loops, functions

Libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib

Why: It’s the backbone of everything you’ll do in data analysis and machine learning.

🔢 Step 2: Learn Basic Math & Stats

You don’t need to be a math genius. But you do need to understand:

Descriptive statistics

Probability

Linear algebra basics

Hypothesis testing

These concepts help you interpret data and build reliable models.

📊 Step 3: Master Data Handling

You’ll spend 70% of your time cleaning and preparing data.

Skills to focus on:

Working with CSV/Excel files

Cleaning missing data

Data transformation with Pandas

Visualizing data with Seaborn/Matplotlib

This is the “real work” most data scientists do daily.

🧬 Step 4: Learn Machine Learning (ML)

Once you’re solid with data handling, dive into ML.

Start with:

Supervised learning (Linear Regression, Decision Trees, KNN)

Unsupervised learning (Clustering)

Model evaluation metrics (accuracy, recall, precision)

Toolkits: Scikit-learn, XGBoost

🚀 Step 5: Work on Real Projects

Projects are what make your resume pop.

Try solving:

Customer churn

Sales forecasting

Sentiment analysis

Fraud detection

Pro tip: Document everything on GitHub and write blogs about your process.

✏️ Step 6: Learn SQL and Databases

Data lives in databases. Knowing how to query it with SQL is a must-have skill.

Focus on:

SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY

Creating and updating tables

Writing nested queries

🌍 Step 7: Understand the Business Side

Data science isn’t just tech. You need to translate insights into decisions.

Learn to:

Tell stories with data (data storytelling)

Build dashboards with tools like Power BI or Tableau

Align your analysis with business goals

🎥 Want a Structured Way to Learn All This?

Instead of guessing what to learn next, check out Intellipaat’s full Data Science course on YouTube. It covers Python, ML, real projects, and everything you need to build job-ready skills.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxNDw68XcE4

🔄 Final Thoughts

Becoming a data scientist in 2025 is 100% possible — even for beginners. All you need is consistency, a good learning path, and a little curiosity.

Start simple. Build as you go. And let your projects speak louder than your resume.

Drop a comment if you’re starting your journey. And don’t forget to check out the free Intellipaat course to speed up your progress!

[carolunduke-04]

My Experience with Database Homework Help from DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com

As a student majoring in computer science, managing the workload can be daunting. One of the most challenging aspects of my coursework has been database management. Understanding the intricacies of SQL, ER diagrams, normalization, and other database concepts often left me overwhelmed. That was until I discovered Database Homework Help from DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com. This service has been a lifesaver, providing me with the support and guidance I needed to excel in my studies.

The Initial Struggle

When I first started my database course, I underestimated the complexity of the subject. I thought it would be as straightforward as other programming courses I had taken. However, as the semester progressed, I found myself struggling with assignments and projects. My grades were slipping, and my confidence was waning. I knew I needed help, but I wasn't sure where to turn.

I tried getting assistance from my professors during office hours, but with so many students needing help, the time available was limited. Study groups with classmates were somewhat helpful, but they often turned into social gatherings rather than focused study sessions. I needed a more reliable and structured form of support.

Discovering DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com

One evening, while frantically searching for online resources to understand an especially tricky ER diagram assignment, I stumbled upon DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com. The website promised expert help on a wide range of database topics, from basic queries to advanced database design and implementation. Skeptical but hopeful, I decided to give it a try. It turned out to be one of the best decisions I’ve made in my academic career.

First Impressions

The first thing that struck me about DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com was the user-friendly interface. The website was easy to navigate, and I quickly found the section where I could submit my assignment. The process was straightforward: I filled out a form detailing my assignment requirements, attached the relevant files, and specified the deadline.

Within a few hours, I received a response from one of their database experts. The communication was professional and reassuring. They asked a few clarifying questions to ensure they fully understood my needs, which gave me confidence that I was in good hands.

The Quality of Help

What impressed me the most was the quality of the assistance I received. The expert assigned to my task not only completed the assignment perfectly but also provided a detailed explanation of the solutions. This was incredibly helpful because it allowed me to understand the concepts rather than just submitting the work.

For example, in one of my assignments, I had to design a complex database schema. The expert not only provided a well-structured schema but also explained the reasoning behind each table and relationship. This level of detail helped me grasp the fundamental principles of database design, something I had been struggling with for weeks.

Learning and Improvement

With each assignment I submitted, I noticed a significant improvement in my understanding of database concepts. The experts at DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com were not just solving problems for me; they were teaching me how to solve them myself. They broke down complex topics into manageable parts and provided clear, concise explanations.

I particularly appreciated their help with SQL queries. Writing efficient and effective SQL queries was one of the areas I found most challenging. The expert guidance I received helped me understand how to approach query writing logically. They showed me how to optimize queries for better performance and how to avoid common pitfalls.

Timely Delivery

Another aspect that stood out was their commitment to deadlines. As a student, timely submission of assignments is crucial. DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com always delivered my assignments well before the deadline, giving me ample time to review the work and ask any follow-up questions. This reliability was a significant relief, especially during times when I had multiple assignments due simultaneously.

Customer Support

The customer support team at DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com deserves a special mention. They were available 24/7, and I never had to wait long for a response. Whether I had a question about the pricing, needed to clarify the assignment details, or required an update on the progress, the support team was always there to assist me promptly and courteously.

Affordable and Worth Every Penny

As a student, budget is always a concern. I was worried that professional homework help would be prohibitively expensive. However, I found the pricing at DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com to be reasonable and affordable. They offer different pricing plans based on the complexity and urgency of the assignment, making it accessible for students with varying budgets.

Moreover, considering the quality of help I received and the improvement in my grades, I can confidently say that their service is worth every penny. The value I got from their expert assistance far outweighed the cost.

A Lasting Impact

Thanks to DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com, my grades in the database course improved significantly. But beyond the grades, the most valuable takeaway has been the knowledge and confidence I gained. I now approach database assignments with a clearer understanding and a more structured method. This confidence has also positively impacted other areas of my studies, as I am less stressed and more organized.

Final Thoughts

If you're a student struggling with database management assignments, I highly recommend Database Homework Help from DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com. Their expert guidance, timely delivery, and excellent customer support can make a significant difference in your academic journey. They don’t just provide answers; they help you understand the material, which is crucial for long-term success.

In conclusion, my experience with DatabaseHomeworkHelp.com has been overwhelmingly positive. The support I received has not only helped me improve my grades but also enhanced my overall understanding of database concepts. I am grateful for their assistance and will undoubtedly continue to use their services as I progress through my computer science degree.

[uegub]

Why Tableau is Essential in Data Science: Transforming Raw Data into Insights

Data science is all about turning raw data into valuable insights. But numbers and statistics alone don’t tell the full story—they need to be visualized to make sense. That’s where Tableau comes in.

Tableau is a powerful tool that helps data scientists, analysts, and businesses see and understand data better. It simplifies complex datasets, making them interactive and easy to interpret. But with so many tools available, why is Tableau a must-have for data science? Let’s explore.

1. The Importance of Data Visualization in Data Science

Imagine you’re working with millions of data points from customer purchases, social media interactions, or financial transactions. Analyzing raw numbers manually would be overwhelming.

That’s why visualization is crucial in data science:

Identifies trends and patterns – Instead of sifting through spreadsheets, you can quickly spot trends in a visual format.

Makes complex data understandable – Graphs, heatmaps, and dashboards simplify the interpretation of large datasets.

Enhances decision-making – Stakeholders can easily grasp insights and make data-driven decisions faster.

Saves time and effort – Instead of writing lengthy reports, an interactive dashboard tells the story in seconds.

Without tools like Tableau, data science would be limited to experts who can code and run statistical models. With Tableau, insights become accessible to everyone—from data scientists to business executives.

2. Why Tableau Stands Out in Data Science

A. User-Friendly and Requires No Coding

One of the biggest advantages of Tableau is its drag-and-drop interface. Unlike Python or R, which require programming skills, Tableau allows users to create visualizations without writing a single line of code.

Even if you’re a beginner, you can:

✅ Upload data from multiple sources

✅ Create interactive dashboards in minutes

✅ Share insights with teams easily

This no-code approach makes Tableau ideal for both technical and non-technical professionals in data science.

B. Handles Large Datasets Efficiently

Data scientists often work with massive datasets—whether it’s financial transactions, customer behavior, or healthcare records. Traditional tools like Excel struggle with large volumes of data.

Tableau, on the other hand:

Can process millions of rows without slowing down

Optimizes performance using advanced data engine technology

Supports real-time data streaming for up-to-date analysis

This makes it a go-to tool for businesses that need fast, data-driven insights.

C. Connects with Multiple Data Sources

A major challenge in data science is bringing together data from different platforms. Tableau seamlessly integrates with a variety of sources, including:

Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server

Cloud platforms: AWS, Google BigQuery, Snowflake

Spreadsheets and APIs: Excel, Google Sheets, web-based data sources

This flexibility allows data scientists to combine datasets from multiple sources without needing complex SQL queries or scripts.

D. Real-Time Data Analysis

Industries like finance, healthcare, and e-commerce rely on real-time data to make quick decisions. Tableau’s live data connection allows users to:

Track stock market trends as they happen

Monitor website traffic and customer interactions in real time

Detect fraudulent transactions instantly

Instead of waiting for reports to be generated manually, Tableau delivers insights as events unfold.

E. Advanced Analytics Without Complexity

While Tableau is known for its visualizations, it also supports advanced analytics. You can:

Forecast trends based on historical data

Perform clustering and segmentation to identify patterns

Integrate with Python and R for machine learning and predictive modeling

This means data scientists can combine deep analytics with intuitive visualization, making Tableau a versatile tool.

3. How Tableau Helps Data Scientists in Real Life

Tableau has been adopted by the majority of industries to make data science more impactful and accessible. This is applied in the following real-life scenarios:

A. Analytics for Health Care

Tableau is deployed by hospitals and research institutions for the following purposes:

Monitor patient recovery rates and predict outbreaks of diseases

Analyze hospital occupancy and resource allocation

Identify trends in patient demographics and treatment results

B. Finance and Banking

Banks and investment firms rely on Tableau for the following purposes:

✅ Detect fraud by analyzing transaction patterns

✅ Track stock market fluctuations and make informed investment decisions

✅ Assess credit risk and loan performance

C. Marketing and Customer Insights

Companies use Tableau to:

✅ Track customer buying behavior and personalize recommendations

✅ Analyze social media engagement and campaign effectiveness

✅ Optimize ad spend by identifying high-performing channels

D. Retail and Supply Chain Management

Retailers leverage Tableau to:

✅ Forecast product demand and adjust inventory levels

✅ Identify regional sales trends and adjust marketing strategies

✅ Optimize supply chain logistics and reduce delivery delays

These applications show why Tableau is a must-have for data-driven decision-making.

4. Tableau vs. Other Data Visualization Tools

There are many visualization tools available, but Tableau consistently ranks as one of the best. Here’s why:

Tableau vs. Excel – Excel struggles with big data and lacks interactivity; Tableau handles large datasets effortlessly.

Tableau vs. Power BI – Power BI is great for Microsoft users, but Tableau offers more flexibility across different data sources.

Tableau vs. Python (Matplotlib, Seaborn) – Python libraries require coding skills, while Tableau simplifies visualization for all users.

This makes Tableau the go-to tool for both beginners and experienced professionals in data science.

5. Conclusion

Tableau has become an essential tool in data science because it simplifies data visualization, handles large datasets, and integrates seamlessly with various data sources. It enables professionals to analyze, interpret, and present data interactively, making insights accessible to everyone—from data scientists to business leaders.

If you’re looking to build a strong foundation in data science, learning Tableau is a smart career move. Many data science courses now include Tableau as a key skill, as companies increasingly demand professionals who can transform raw data into meaningful insights.

In a world where data is the driving force behind decision-making, Tableau ensures that the insights you uncover are not just accurate—but also clear, impactful, and easy to act upon.

[pentesttestingcorp]

Protect Your Laravel APIs: Common Vulnerabilities and Fixes

API Vulnerabilities in Laravel: What You Need to Know

As web applications evolve, securing APIs becomes a critical aspect of overall cybersecurity. Laravel, being one of the most popular PHP frameworks, provides many features to help developers create robust APIs. However, like any software, APIs in Laravel are susceptible to certain vulnerabilities that can leave your system open to attack.

In this blog post, we’ll explore common API vulnerabilities in Laravel and how you can address them, using practical coding examples. Additionally, we’ll introduce our free Website Security Scanner tool, which can help you assess and protect your web applications.

Common API Vulnerabilities in Laravel

Laravel APIs, like any other API, can suffer from common security vulnerabilities if not properly secured. Some of these vulnerabilities include:

>> SQL Injection SQL injection attacks occur when an attacker is able to manipulate an SQL query to execute arbitrary code. If a Laravel API fails to properly sanitize user inputs, this type of vulnerability can be exploited.

Example Vulnerability:

$user = DB::select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" . $request->input('username') . "'");

Solution: Laravel’s query builder automatically escapes parameters, preventing SQL injection. Use the query builder or Eloquent ORM like this:

$user = DB::table('users')->where('username', $request->input('username'))->first();

>> Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) XSS attacks happen when an attacker injects malicious scripts into web pages, which can then be executed in the browser of a user who views the page.

Example Vulnerability:

return response()->json(['message' => $request->input('message')]);

Solution: Always sanitize user input and escape any dynamic content. Laravel provides built-in XSS protection by escaping data before rendering it in views:

return response()->json(['message' => e($request->input('message'))]);

>> Improper Authentication and Authorization Without proper authentication, unauthorized users may gain access to sensitive data. Similarly, improper authorization can allow unauthorized users to perform actions they shouldn't be able to.

Example Vulnerability:

Route::post('update-profile', 'UserController@updateProfile');

Solution: Always use Laravel’s built-in authentication middleware to protect sensitive routes:

Route::middleware('auth:api')->post('update-profile', 'UserController@updateProfile');

>> Insecure API Endpoints Exposing too many endpoints or sensitive data can create a security risk. It’s important to limit access to API routes and use proper HTTP methods for each action.

Example Vulnerability:

Route::get('user-details', 'UserController@getUserDetails');

Solution: Restrict sensitive routes to authenticated users and use proper HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE:

Route::middleware('auth:api')->get('user-details', 'UserController@getUserDetails');

How to Use Our Free Website Security Checker Tool

If you're unsure about the security posture of your Laravel API or any other web application, we offer a free Website Security Checker tool. This tool allows you to perform an automatic security scan on your website to detect vulnerabilities, including API security flaws.

Step 1: Visit our free Website Security Checker at https://free.pentesttesting.com. Step 2: Enter your website URL and click "Start Test". Step 3: Review the comprehensive vulnerability assessment report to identify areas that need attention.

Screenshot of the free tools webpage where you can access security assessment tools.

Example Report: Vulnerability Assessment

Once the scan is completed, you'll receive a detailed report that highlights any vulnerabilities, such as SQL injection risks, XSS vulnerabilities, and issues with authentication. This will help you take immediate action to secure your API endpoints.

An example of a vulnerability assessment report generated with our free tool provides insights into possible vulnerabilities.

Conclusion: Strengthen Your API Security Today

API vulnerabilities in Laravel are common, but with the right precautions and coding practices, you can protect your web application. Make sure to always sanitize user input, implement strong authentication mechanisms, and use proper route protection. Additionally, take advantage of our tool to check Website vulnerability to ensure your Laravel APIs remain secure.

For more information on securing your Laravel applications try our Website Security Checker.

[lunacoding]

SQL GitHub Repositories

I’ve recently been looking up more SQL resources and found some repositories on GitHub that are helpful with learning SQL, so I thought I’d share some here!

Guides:

s-shemee SQL 101: A beginner’s guide to SQL database programming! It offers tutorials, exercises, and resources to help practice SQL

nightFuryman SQL in 30 Days: The fundamentals of SQL with information on how to set up a SQL database from scratch as well as basic SQL commands

Projects:

iweld SQL Dictionary Challenge: A SQL project inspired by a comment on this reddit thread https://www.reddit.com/r/SQL/comments/g4ct1l/what_are_some_good_resources_to_practice_sql/. This project consists of creating a single file with a column of randomly selected words from the dictionary. For this column, you can answer the various questions listed in the repository through SQL queries, or develop your own questions to answer as well.

DevMountain SQL 1 Afternoon: A SQL project where you practice inserting querying data using SQL. This project consists of creating various tables and querying data through this online tool created by DevMountain, found at this link https://postgres.devmountain.com/.

DevMountain SQL 2 Afternoon: The second part of DevMountain’s SQL project. This project involves intermediate queries such as “practice joins, nested queries, updating rows, group by, distinct, and foreign key”.

[uthra-krish]

Exploring Data Science Tools: My Adventures with Python, R, and More

Welcome to my data science journey! In this blog post, I'm excited to take you on a captivating adventure through the world of data science tools. We'll explore the significance of choosing the right tools and how they've shaped my path in this thrilling field.

Choosing the right tools in data science is akin to a chef selecting the finest ingredients for a culinary masterpiece. Each tool has its unique flavor and purpose, and understanding their nuances is key to becoming a proficient data scientist.

I. The Quest for the Right Tool

My journey began with confusion and curiosity. The world of data science tools was vast and intimidating. I questioned which programming language would be my trusted companion on this expedition. The importance of selecting the right tool soon became evident.

I embarked on a research quest, delving deep into the features and capabilities of various tools. Python and R emerged as the frontrunners, each with its strengths and applications. These two contenders became the focus of my data science adventures.

II. Python: The Swiss Army Knife of Data Science

Python, often hailed as the Swiss Army Knife of data science, stood out for its versatility and widespread popularity. Its extensive library ecosystem, including NumPy for numerical computing, pandas for data manipulation, and Matplotlib for data visualization, made it a compelling choice.

My first experiences with Python were both thrilling and challenging. I dove into coding, faced syntax errors, and wrestled with data structures. But with each obstacle, I discovered new capabilities and expanded my skill set.

III. R: The Statistical Powerhouse

In the world of statistics, R shines as a powerhouse. Its statistical packages like dplyr for data manipulation and ggplot2 for data visualization are renowned for their efficacy. As I ventured into R, I found myself immersed in a world of statistical analysis and data exploration.

My journey with R included memorable encounters with data sets, where I unearthed hidden insights and crafted beautiful visualizations. The statistical prowess of R truly left an indelible mark on my data science adventure.

IV. Beyond Python and R: Exploring Specialized Tools

While Python and R were my primary companions, I couldn't resist exploring specialized tools and programming languages that catered to specific niches in data science. These tools offered unique features and advantages that added depth to my skill set.

For instance, tools like SQL allowed me to delve into database management and querying, while Scala opened doors to big data analytics. Each tool found its place in my toolkit, serving as a valuable asset in different scenarios.

V. The Learning Curve: Challenges and Rewards

The path I took wasn't without its share of difficulties. Learning Python, R, and specialized tools presented a steep learning curve. Debugging code, grasping complex algorithms, and troubleshooting errors were all part of the process.

However, these challenges brought about incredible rewards. With persistence and dedication, I overcame obstacles, gained a profound understanding of data science, and felt a growing sense of achievement and empowerment.

VI. Leveraging Python and R Together

One of the most exciting revelations in my journey was discovering the synergy between Python and R. These two languages, once considered competitors, complemented each other beautifully.

I began integrating Python and R seamlessly into my data science workflow. Python's data manipulation capabilities combined with R's statistical prowess proved to be a winning combination. Together, they enabled me to tackle diverse data science tasks effectively.

VII. Tips for Beginners

For fellow data science enthusiasts beginning their own journeys, I offer some valuable tips:

Embrace curiosity and stay open to learning.

Work on practical projects while engaging in frequent coding practice.

Explore data science courses and resources to enhance your skills.

Seek guidance from mentors and engage with the data science community.

Remember that the journey is continuous—there's always more to learn and discover.

My adventures with Python, R, and various data science tools have been transformative. I've learned that choosing the right tool for the job is crucial, but versatility and adaptability are equally important traits for a data scientist.

As I summarize my expedition, I emphasize the significance of selecting tools that align with your project requirements and objectives. Each tool has a unique role to play, and mastering them unlocks endless possibilities in the world of data science.

I encourage you to embark on your own tool exploration journey in data science. Embrace the challenges, relish the rewards, and remember that the adventure is ongoing. May your path in data science be as exhilarating and fulfilling as mine has been.

Happy data exploring!

[codingquill]

SQL Fundamentals #2: SQL Data Manipulation

In our previous database exploration journey, SQL Fundamentals #1: SQL Data Definition, we set the stage by introducing the "books" table nestled within our bookstore database. Currently, our table is empty, Looking like :

books

| title | author | genre | publishedYear | price |

Data manipulation

Now, let's embark on database interaction—data manipulation. This is where the magic happens, where our "books" table comes to life, and we finish our mission of data storage.

Inserting Data

Our initial task revolves around adding a collection of books into our "books" table. we want to add the book "The Great Gatsby" to our collection, authored F. Scott Fitzgerald. Here's how we express this in SQL:

INSERT INTO books(title, author, genre, publishedYear, price) VALUES('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', 'Classic', 1925, 10.99);

Alternatively, you can use a shorter form for inserting values, but be cautious as it relies on the order of columns in your table:

INSERT INTO books VALUES('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', 'Classic', 1925, 10.99);

Updating data

As time goes on, you might find the need to modify existing data in our "books" table. To accomplish this, we use the UPDATE command.For example :

UPDATE books SET price = 12.99 WHERE title = 'The Great Gatsby';

This SQL statement will locate the row with the title "The Great Gatsby" and modify its price to $12.99.

We'll discuss the where clause in (SQL fundamentals #3)

Deleting data

Sometimes, data becomes obsolete or irrelevant, and it's essential to remove it from our table. The DELETE FROM command allows us to delete entire rows from our table.For example :

DELETE FROM books WHERE title = 'Moby-Dick';

This SQL statement will find the row with the title "Moby-Dick" and remove it entirely from your "books" table.

To maintain a reader-friendly and approachable tone, I'll save the discussion on the third part of SQL, which focuses on data querying, for the upcoming post. Stay tuned ...

[nhaneh]

actually fuck it Kea x Spleen too

Hahahahahahahahaahahaha No.

Sure there's absolutely a potential dynamic in there with the Princess and her Loyal Knight, and in an alternate reality of Kea taking the place of Otis for the original flesh and blood Sphene maybe that could have worked, but Kea's someone you have to be honest with, and the Query SQL as we know her just isn't that.

I also can't really see Kea ever being all that comfortable with the whole soul recycling thing - there's definitely a point where she's likely to go "ok I am going to have to stop you now, for your own sake if nothing else."