#1. ACIDIFER

[ivnpetelur28]

CALL/WA:0821-2345-5940, Pakan Ayam Petelur Terbaik, Pakan Ayam Petelur Agar Cepat Bertelur, Premix Untuk Ayam, Pakan Ayam Petelur Herbal,Premix Pakan Ayam, Di Kesugihan Cilacap

MIX MASTER PREMIX LAYER PQ Premix yang mengandung multivitamin, mineral dan nanomeniran yang bermanfaat sebagai Feed Suplemen untuk Ayam Layer (Petelur). INDIKASI: Meningkatkan produksi telur. Meningkatkan berat telur. Kerabang lebih tebal dan cokelat. Memperbaiki kualitas pakan. Mengeringkan dan mengurangi bau kotoran.

KOMPOSISI :

ACIDIFER

METHIONIN

LYSINE

NANOMENIRAN

ENZIM FITASE

MAKRO & MIKRO MINERAL

MULTIVITAMIN DOSIS: 3 - 5 Kg/1 Ton Pakan Jadi

INDOTERNAK Jl. Melon, Gadungan Timur, Gadungan, Kec. Puncu, Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur 64292

PakanAyamAgarCepatBertelur#PakanHerbalAgarAyamCepatBertelur#PakanUntukAyamPetelur#SuplemenAyamPetelur

SuplemenPenambahNafsuMakanAyam#VitaminPenambahNafsuMakanAyam#VitaminPenambah Nafsu Makan Ayam#Obat Penambah Nafsu Makan Ayam

VitaminNafsuMakanAyam#SuplemenMeningkatkanProduksiTelur

[giantpeternakan28]

CALL/WA:0821-2345-5940, Suplemen Pakan Ayam Petelur, Premix Ayam Petelur Terbaik, Layer Vitamin Mineral Premix, Suplemen Agar Ayam Cepat Bertelur, Suplemen Untuk Ayam, Di Gunung Anyar Surabaya

MIX MASTER PREMIX LAYER PQ Premix yang mengandung multivitamin, mineral dan nanomeniran yang bermanfaat sebagai Feed Suplemen untuk Ayam Layer (Petelur). INDIKASI: Meningkatkan produksi telur. Meningkatkan berat telur. Kerabang lebih tebal dan cokelat. Memperbaiki kualitas pakan. Mengeringkan dan mengurangi bau kotoran.

KOMPOSISI :

ACIDIFER

METHIONIN

LYSINE

NANOMENIRAN

ENZIM FITASE

MAKRO & MIKRO MINERAL

MULTIVITAMIN DOSIS: 3 - 5 Kg/1 Ton Pakan Jadi

INDOTERNAK Jl. Melon, Gadungan Timur, Gadungan, Kec. Puncu, Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur 64292

PremixUntukAyam#PakanAyamPetelur#PakanUntukAyamAgarCepatBertelur#SuplemenPenambahBeratTelurAyam#SuplemenPenambahNafsuMakanAyam

SuplemenUntukMeningkatkanProduksiTelur#SuplemenHerbalUntukAyamPetelur#ObatPenambahNafsuMakanAyam#ObatUntukMeningkatkanBeratTelur

ObatUntukAyamAgarCepatBertelur

[hennethgalad]

we have lost the ocean.

[todays-xkcd]

The Late Heavy Bombardment was followed a few billion years later by the Comparatively Light but Oddly Specific Bombardment.

Extinction Mechanism [Explained]

Trancript Under the Cut

[A drawing of the Chicxulub meteor] Marking to the right: ≈ 500 km3 (5 × 1014 L) [Five arrows show individual small rocks coming from the meteor and spreading across the Earth. A sixth arrow provides more elaboration.] Marking of the separate rock: 1 liter rocks [The rock is shown entering a square marked "1 m2", which has another arrow to a larger grid of squares, before an arrow back to the Earth.] Marking near example square meter: >1 rock per m2

[Four dinosaurs are drawn, including a theropod, what may be a velociraptor, a sauropod, and a triceratops. Each has a small rock falling directly toward it.] Comet Extinction Mechanism Ideas Dust caused impact winter Firestorms and ocean acidification Triggered Deccan Traps magma [The last suggestion is circled rather than struck through] The rocks hit the dinosaurs

[Caption below the panel:] Paleontologists are missing the obvious answer.

[bestanimal]

Round 2.5 - Cnidaria - Hexacorallia

(Sources - 1, 2, 3, 4)

The anthozoan class Hexacorallia contains five extant (living) orders: Actiniaria (“sea anemones”), Antipatharia (“black corals” or “thorn corals”), Corallimorpharia (“false corals”), Scleractinia (“stony corals” or “hard corals”), and Zoantharia (“zoanthids”). This class contains many of the most important reef builders: the stony corals, sea anemones, and zoanthids.

Like all anthozoans, these organisms are formed of individual soft polyps which in some species live in colonies and can secrete a calcite skeleton. Some species live as solitary polyps. Hexacorals are distinguished from Octocorals by having six or fewer axes of symmetry in their body structure, and tentacles which are simple and unbranched and normally number more than eight. Reef-building or hermatypic corals are mostly colonial, building a communal skeleton around their colony. Corallimorphs are similar to the stony corals, except for the stony skeleton, and have a tendency to overgrow reefs in a carpet formation. Most sea anemones are solitary, single polyps attached to a hard surface by their base but some species float near the surface, or can deatach to escape predators.

Hexacorals are filter-feeding carnivores, using their tentacles armed with stinging cells, called cnidocytes, to catch and neutralize plankton and draw it into their mouth. Larger polyps are able to take correspondingly larger prey, including various invertebrates and even fish. Many species have separate sexes, the whole colony being either male or female, but others are hermaphroditic, with individual polyps having both male and female gonads. Most species release gametes into the sea where fertilisation takes place, and the planula larvae drift as plankton, but a few species brood their eggs. Once the larvae settle in an area, they will metamorphize into a polyp. In colonial species, this initial polyp will repeatedly divide to give rise to an entire colony. Hexacorals can also reproduce by fragmentation, where part of a colony becomes detached and reattaches elsewhere, cloning polyps to grow the colony in the new area.

Hexacorals have existed since the Fortunian. Mackenzia, from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of Canada, is the oldest fossil identified as a sea anemone. Nonetheless, many hexacorals have been declining in numbers and are expected to continue declining due to poaching, ocean acidification and climate change.

Propaganda under the cut:

Hexacorals provide housing, shelter, food, and protection for so many other animals. They are The Givers of the Animal Kingdom.

The largest coral ever recorded, a Pavona clavus colony dubbed the “mega coral” lives off the Solomon Islands. It is 34m (112 ft )wide, 32m (105 ft) long and 4.9m (16 ft) high, larger than a Blue Whale, composed of nearly one billion polyps, and more than 300 years old!

Coral is loud. It can hear and it communicates with each other via sound. We’re only beginning to discover this information and understand the implications of it, and more research needs to be done, but the amount of noise-making humans do in the ocean tends to disrupt the communication corals have with each other and other reef life.

Black Corals have historically been used by Pacific Islanders for medical treatment and in rituals, and are used in modern day for making jewelry.

Sea anemones and zoanthids are popular in the aquarium trade, however, their popularity threatens some populations as the trade depends on collection from the wild.

In southwestern Spain and Sardinia, the Snakelocks Anemone (Anemonia viridis) is consumed as a delicacy. The whole animal is marinated in vinegar, then coated in a batter similar to that used to make calamari, and deep-fried in olive oil.

Most sea anemones are harmless to humans, but a few highly toxic species (notably Actinodendron arboreum, Phyllodiscus semoni and Stichodactyla spp.) have caused severe injuries and are potentially lethal.

Clownfish and Anemonefish (Subfamily Amphiprioninae) are most famous for having a mutualistic relationship with sea anemones, receiving protection from predators by hiding in the anemone's stinging tentacles, and providing the anemone nutrients in the form of faeces. Some other animals have been recorded utilizing sea anemones in a similar way, including cardinalfish, juvenile threespot dascyllus, incognito (or anemone) gobies, juvenile painted greenlings, various crabs (such as Inachus phalangium, Mithraculus cinctimanus and Neopetrolisthes), shrimp (such as certain Alpheus, Lebbeus, Periclimenes and Thor), opossum shrimp (such as Heteromysis and Leptomysis), and various marine snails. One of the more unusual relationships are those between certain anemones (such as Adamsia, Calliactis and Neoaiptasia) and hermit crabs or snails, where the anemones live on the shell of the hermit crab or snail, providing protection from predators while being provided with transportation. Another unusual relationship is between Bundeopsis or Triactis anemones and Lybia boxing crabs, where the small anemones are actually carried around in the claws of the boxing crab as little weapons.

Look at this anemone eating an entire Mola:

(source)

[digo3d]

Hello chat I've returned

OH WOE MONSTER HIGH G1 HEADCANONS BE UPON YE 4: GILAGOONA EDITION

Because they're my babies and I love them both so very very much

Lagoona

I always thought it was a little stupid that she hates geology, (ofc I'm biased I love geology) especially since it plays a huge part in coral reefs and coastlines so FUCK YOU MATTEL she's a huge geology nerd and she's absolutely in love with the Screamerican landscape and wants to study geology in Screamerica

Also related to the geology one, she does lick rocks. Just a little bit. Y'know to tell if they're shale or not. Definitely not because she wants to eat them.

Since she's half sea nymph she does have some amount of water magic, but it's not nearly as strong as her mothers especially since she takes more after her dad; she's mainly able to waterbend at a basic level, nothing like pulling water vapor out of the air like in G3, she needs a decent amount of water to be able to waterbend.

Neptuna is now a black devil anglerfish instead of a piranha because piranhas are freshwater and anglerfish need more love anyways. Lagoona also has a pet dwarf ribbon seal named Miss Blubbles; she taught her how to 'cheer' (slapping her belly to sound like applause) and 'perform' (Lagoona puts a toy trumpet up to her nose and Missy blows into it to play it)

Gets very cold very easily since New Salem is much colder than Australia and she's semi-cold blooded and can't really wear warmer clothes because her skin needs to breathe

Frequently sunbathes on rocks and sometimes falls asleep she gets so relaxed (side note HAVE Y'ALL EVER LAID ON A BIG ROCK THAT'S BEEN IN THE SUN FOR A WHILE?? IT'S SO NICE I SEE WHY REPTILES DO IT ALL THE TIME)

Internally screaming %80 of the time because of global warming causing ocean acidification causing large-scale coral bleaching/death which is one of the most telling geological/paleontological signs of a mass extinction event BUT IT'S FINE :)

Defo has beef with humans since they're the main cause of ocean pollution and aforementioned coral death and because they always act like she's an attraction for tourists whenever she visits home

Her species of sea monster doesn't create their own calcium, they get it from the crustaceans they eat and in a pinch eat coral skeletons. Thus Lagoona often gets the urge to eat chalk and other types of limestone since they're both essentially made out of calcium.

Her freckles are actually electroreceptive pits like on crocodiles; her face is especially sensitive because of it, one dodgeball to the face and it's fucking OVER for her

Gil

Japanese American because I'm sick of you people calling him white when he 1. Looks fucking Asian 2. Every single last outfit he has either has Japanese wallpaper or the Great Wave off Kangawa on it WITHOUT FAIL 3. His dad was in the 'koi' scouts and koi are native to Japan. 'oh but his last name is Webber' it's very common for immigrants to change their names to something more 'acceptable' and that's probably what his dad's family did. 'that's not confirmed though' yeah no they implied him to be Japanese for shits and giggles. (This was less of a headcanon because I actually fully think this is canon but I digress)

Had his lungs removed when he was young because he got very sick; the leftover scar ends up making it look like he had top surgery and he usually has to explain such and he jokes about accidentally queerbaiting people

Hatched in Brainerd, Minneskullta by the Hississippi since when Lagoona's imitating his mom it sounded pretty Midwestern to me and she says something along the lines of '10,000 lakes', which Minnesota is the land of ten thousand lakes and he also gives off a lot of Midwestern to me; A lot of freshwater folk in Screamerica are from Minneskullta because of all the lakes/the Hississippi.

Fucking loves dairy since he's midwestern and also because bones made for water tend not to fare too well on land, he needs the calcium. Also fish fucking love cheese in general.

Memory of a fucking goldfish, bro cannot remember SHIT due to the culmination of mild brain damage from SKRM, ADHD, and simply being a fish. Also tends to jumble the fuck out of his words sometimes and can be quite gullible despite how smart he is.

His favorite snacks other than seaweed are garlic Parmesan snails, ranch flavored crickets, and scareiyaki leeches. Also loves pistachios but doesn't bother taking the shells off to the dismay of literally everybody.

I always thought it was sad that his parents wouldn't let him have a pet so I made it so that after he moved out he got an asthmatic pygmy beaver and named him Critter (also because I find it funny that he's a RIVER monster with a pet BEAVER). He spent at least two weeks teaching him 'greet' (Critter grabs the person's hand and gives it a kiss) to impress Lagoona.

Bonus lore relating to the last one; freshwater monsters in Screamerica domesticated beavers to stop them from building dams in the rivers river monsters were living in and to help build dams to make lakes for lake monsters. Pygmy beavers are the domesticated beavers and regular beavers still exist, Gil didn't just snatch up a random beaver, they're still pretty common pets for freshwater monsters in Screamerica.

He always carries around a dry erase marker so people can doodle or play tic-tac-toe/hangman on his helmet when bored during class or just for fun, and he's now goated at hangman from playing it so often. He also whips out paint markers for special events for people to decorate him; at the end of the year he tries to get people to both sign his fearbook AND his head

Plays the bass since 1. Fish hear low frequencies the best 2. Bass is spelled the same as bass which is a type of fish lmao 3. His parents are fucking squares and hate nu metal so natch he learned to play the bass as a rebellion since the bass is one of the most iclawnic things about KoRn other than the drums and vocals.

The walleye in him takes over sometimes and his eyes just start drifting apart when spacing out, sometimes he only blinks one eye and he can roll his eyes in different directions; he's blind as shit outside of water since his eyes are missing a lens that allows his species to see above water.

Lagoona x Gil:

Since Lagoona is always fucking cold and Gil is always fucking hot they snuggle to achieve perfect body temperature. Also Gil always gives Lagoona his jacket when it's colder out since he's used to it (being from Northern Minneskullta n all) and she isn't.

Gil likes to gently pull one of Lagoona's curls and say 'boioioioing' when it springs back up. Lagoona loves it.

If Lagoona's running late or running out of moisturizer she throws herself into Gil's arms to get covered in his slime before giving him a quick peck and running off.

Gil's always blowing heart-shaped bubbles at Lagoona if they're too far away to talk or if they're not allowed to in class.

Since Lagoona fucking loves geology and Gil fucking loves entomology they have the best nerd dynamic ever conjured. Lagoona lifts up the cool rocks to look at them and then Gil gets to look at all the funky little bugs underneath!

Lagoona absolutely loves Gil's thundering (fish noise). 9 times out of 10 she buries her face in his chest to really feel the full rumble.

Pansexual queen and her bisexual malewife. (Lagoona has the pan color scheme in her design and Gil has the bi color scheme in his design)

They are both pathetically fang over heel for each other. Gil thinks Lagoona looks like an absolute goddess and that no one could ever look hotter, cuter, or more beautiful than her in both looks and personality. Lagoona couldn't even imagine a more attractive and caring boyfriend if she tried. She finds him absolutely smoking and even more so when he rebels against his parents to defend her honor. (WHICH HE HAS DONE CANONICALLY BY THE FUCKING WAY)

Gil helped Lagoona name Miss Blubbles. "It's a combination of 'bubbles' and 'blubber'! And she's quite the distinguished lil lady too." They both baby-talk each other's pets constantly and act like parents to the little creatures, putting them in tiny clothes and making them dance a lil jig.

Gil always puts his arm out for Lagoona to hold onto since they can't really hold hands because they're webbed.

[jjmcquade-misc]

Make Sunsets

Experiments with unknown long-term consequences that will impact every living being. When you have people like that, who with money and crazy ideas claim the right to do whatever they want, how can you not worry about these madmen? It was already bad enough with Bill Gates.

1. Is This Initiative a Good Idea?

Potential Benefits : The goal of reflecting sunlight to cool the planet is rooted in observed natural phenomena (e.g., volcanic eruptions temporarily cooling the Earth). If successful, such interventions might reduce global temperatures and buy time to address climate change.

Proponents argue it could mitigate extreme heat, sea-level rise, and other climate impacts.

Major Concerns :

Unintended Consequences : The climate system is highly complex. Sulfate aerosols could disrupt rainfall patterns, worsen droughts, or alter monsoons, disproportionately affecting vulnerable regions.

Moral Hazard : Relying on geoengineering might reduce urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which are the root cause of climate change.

Ethical Issues : Decisions about planetary-scale interventions lack global governance. Who gets to control the "thermostat"? What if some nations suffer harm?

Irreversibility : If deployed at scale and then abruptly stopped ("termination shock"), rapid warming could occur, causing catastrophic ecological and societal disruption.

2. Bad Consequences of Sulfur Dioxide Injection

Acid Rain : Sulfur dioxide oxidizes into sulfuric acid, which can fall as acid rain, damaging ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure. While stratospheric injection delays this (particles stay aloft longer), they eventually descend.

Ozone Depletion : Sulfate aerosols can accelerate ozone layer destruction, increasing UV radiation risks.

Health Risks : If particles reach ground level, sulfur dioxide irritates lungs and exacerbates respiratory diseases.

Geopolitical Conflict : Countries affected by unintended consequences (e.g., crop failures) could blame the actors deploying geoengineering, leading to conflict.

Ecosystem Disruption : Changes in sunlight and precipitation could destabilize ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and food chains.

3. Will the Sulfuric Acid "Fall Back to Earth"?

Yes, but not immediately. Stratospheric particles can remain aloft for 1–2 years, slowly descending due to gravity and atmospheric circulation. When they reach the lower atmosphere, they may contribute to acid rain or soil/water acidification. While the concentration per unit area would be low, the cumulative global impact is uncertain.

Key Criticisms of the Initiative

Premature Deployment : Small startups like Make Sunsets are experimenting without robust scientific consensus, regulatory frameworks, or transparency.

False Equivalence to CO₂ Emissions : While CO₂ drives long-term warming, sulfur dioxide’s effects are short-term and come with distinct risks. Comparing the two oversimplifies the trade-offs.

Ethical Overreach : The CEO’s claim that it’s "morally wrong not to do this" ignores the precautionary principle. Unproven interventions could cause more harm than good.

Conclusion

While geoengineering research has a place in climate discussions, rushed, unregulated deployment is reckless . The risks of sulfur dioxide injection—including acid rain, geopolitical strife, and ecological harm—currently outweigh the hypothetical benefits. Climate solutions should prioritize rapid emissions cuts, renewable energy, and adaptation. Geoengineering should remain a last-resort option, subject to rigorous international oversight.

The initiative described reflects a dangerous "technofix" mindset, sidestepping systemic change in favor of unproven, high-stakes experiments. As climate scientist Raymond Pierrehumbert warns: "Geoengineering is like chemotherapy for the planet—it’s not something you do unless you’re very, very sick." We’re not there yet—and we must act to ensure we never need to be.

[midnight-fables]

Announcements:

Current Status: Drafting Novel. Researching ocean acidification.

Hi. Hello. Thank you for joining me! I'm Z! I'm an original fiction writer and enjoyer of Alan Wake 1&2, wrestling, The Bear, and good cinema. I don't tend to post a ton of fandom stuff on this blog and tag everything as well as I can.

Update: I got my Interdisciplinary Bachelor's Degree in Environmental Science and Health Science in May 2025, changes forthcoming.

Blog is currently under construction. Excuse our dust.

Asks are welcome. I will not answer personal questions.

DO NOT COPY OR TRANSFER my writing to other sites, ever. Thank you for understanding.

I'll be updating relevant tags on this pinned post for easier navigation.

WRESTLING SIDEBLOG

Masterlists:

1. Valrhees Pantheon

2. Voice Checks

Tags used on the blog will be included at the bottom of this post for easier navigation.

[mpenvs3000w25]

Blog #6: Significance of Acknowledging History in Nature Interpretation

"There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things. … To think, feel or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it." — Edward Hyams, Chapter 7, The Gifts of Interpretation

This quote challenges the idea that history is only a collection of distant events, irrelevant to the present. Instead, Hyams argues that history is an integral part of continuity, without an awareness of what came before, we risk losing our sense of integrity as individuals, communities, and even as stewards of the land. His metaphor of the railway station illustrates a crucial point, just because we have moved past something does not mean it ceases to exist or no longer matters.

I found that passages in the textbook from Chapter 15: Interpreting History highlight the connection between history and nature interpretation, emphasizing that every natural site has a history, just as every historical site has natural elements. For example, a national park is not just a scenic space but it holds the memories of Indigenous communities, early settlers, and the ecosystems that once thrived in undisturbed harmony (Beck et al., 2018). Recognizing this past allows us to engage with the land more meaningfully rather than treating it as a mere backdrop for recreation.

To truly grasp why history matters, I want to show you a few before-and-after visuals of landscapes. These comparisons will emphasize why looking into the past is essential, not only to understand the present but also to predict trends that shape the future.

Figure 1: Timeline of the health of the Great Barrier Reef, the entire reef has had a steep decline in health due to ocean acidification

Figure 2: Comparision of Toronto's urban area expansion between 1966 (dark pink) and 2000 (light pink)

Figure 3: Comparision of glaciers that have melted over time in Glacier National Park, Montana between 1932 (left) and 2005

The textbook discusses first-person historical interpretation, which requires immersing oneself in the experiences of those who lived in the past (Beck et al., 2018). Whether it’s wearing their clothing, using their tools, or speaking in their manner, the goal is to embody the realities of another time (Beck et al., 2018). This same principle applies to nature interpretation, we have to step beyond our present day perspective to understand the broader timeline of a place. Just as historical interpreters strive to bring the past to life through human experiences, we should approach landscapes with the same awareness, recognizing that what we see today is just one moment in a much longer story.

By looking at these before-and-after comparisons, it becomes clear that nature is not static, its past informs its present and helps us anticipate the future. Acknowledging history, whether cultural or environmental, ensures that we don’t view the past as fragmented or irrelevant but rather as a continuous thread that shapes our understanding. Nature interpretation, is about maintaining integrity, keeping the whole story together so we can appreciate where we are, where we’ve been, and where we might be headed!

Do you think there are other historical or environmental changes that should be highlighted when interpreting nature? Is there anything you feel I may have overlooked in discussing the importance of acknowledging history in landscapes?

Reference:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

[respirers]

Air Pollution Impacting Sea Life: The Invisible Link Between Sky and Sea

When we hear the term air pollution, the first picture that comes to mind is that of smoggy skies, respiratory disease, and city traffic jams. Few think of coral reefs, fish, plankton, or whales. But the reality is that air pollution significantly and increasingly affects marine ecosystems.

This blog ventures into how pollutants emitted into the air find their way to oceans, seas, and rivers, harming aquatic life, changing ecosystems, and imperiling biodiversity. As air quality professionals, it is important that we comprehend and relay the cross-domain impacts of pollution, particularly the frequently ignored air-sea link.

The Air-Ocean Link: How Pollutants Go on a Journey

To grasp how air pollution impacts marine life, it is helpful to follow the journey of pollutants:

1. Release into the Atmosphere: These pollutants include Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), heavy metals, and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which are emitted by vehicles, industries, power plants, and agricultural sources.

2. Transportation in the Atmosphere: These airborne pollutants may be transported by winds over large distances, sometimes hundreds or thousands of kilometers from their point of origin.

3. Deposition into Water Bodies:

Wet deposition: Rain and snow wash pollutants out of the air into oceans, lakes, and rivers.

Dry deposition: Particles and gases fall out of the atmosphere onto the ocean surface.

4. Bioaccumulation and Ecosystem Disruption: Pollutants, once in the ocean, interact with marine ecosystems and organisms, frequently building up the food chain.

In this manner, airborne pollutants turn into aquatic pollutants, initiating an ecological cascade of effects.

Key Air Pollutants with Effects on Marine Life

1. Nitrogen Oxides and Sulphur Dioxide → Ocean Acidification and Eutrophication

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) released by the combustion of fossil fuels lead to acid rain. Upon dissolution in rainwater and flow into the ocean, they reduce the water pH, leading to ocean acidification. Acidified waters can melt the calcium carbonate shells of molluscs, corals, and certain plankton species, increasing their vulnerability and lowering their numbers.

Moreover, atmospheric nitrogen also serves as a fertilizer, causing eutrophication — an excessive growth of algae in coastal waters. When these algae die and are broken down, they use up oxygen, forming hypoxic zones (or “dead zones”) where fish and marine invertebrates cannot live.

The Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and portions of the Arabian Sea are some of such areas enriched by nitrogen deposition.

2. Mercury and Heavy Metals

Mercury emitted into the atmosphere from power plants that burn coal can travel far before depositing into the ocean.

Mercury, when deposited, is subject to methylation, converting it into methylmercury, a very toxic substance that concentrates in aquatic life.

Methylmercury accumulates up the food chain, presenting significant health hazards to apex predators like tuna, swordfish, and marine mammals.

Consumption of tainted seafood by humans can result in mercury poisoning, which harms the nervous system, reproductive system, and brain development in fetuses and children.

In an equally similar way, airborne lead, cadmium, and arsenic from industrial sources also fall into oceans, building up in fish tissue and disrupting marine food webs.

3. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

Substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and certain pesticides are transported by the wind and ultimately end up in the ocean.

POPs are lipophilic (fat-loving), not water-loving, and thus cause bioaccumulation in fatty tissues of fish, seabirds, and whales.

Such pollutants interfere with hormone systems, causing reproductive failure, developmental abnormalities, and immune system suppression.

POPs have been discovered in as distant species as Arctic seals and penguins, illustrating the worldwide extent of atmospheric transport.

Microplastics: An Airborne Entry into Oceans

Whilst ocean plastic pollution is widely reported, less is understood about airborne microplastics.

Microplastics are now recognized to be airborne particles, from tyre wear, synthetic fiber, and industrial emissions.

Research has established that these particles have been found traveling hundreds of kilometers in the atmosphere and eventually end up depositing into the ocean.

Microplastics ingested by zooplankton, shellfish, fish, and even whales in marine ecosystems impact nutrition, reproduction, and survival.

This association establishes how even terrestrial human activity can indirectly contaminate marine ecosystems via atmospheric transport.

Impact on Marine Biodiversity

The overall impact of air-deposited pollutants on marine life is immense:

Coral reefs are bleached by acidification and suffer due to increased temperatures fueled by greenhouse gases.

Fish stocks reduce in hypoxic areas, with both local habitats and international fisheries impacted.

Phytoplankton, the foundation of the ocean food chain and responsible for producing more than 50% of Earth’s oxygen, are very sensitive to pH shifts and pollutant concentration.

Marine mammals such as dolphins, whales, and seals exhibit indications of hormonal disruption and immune suppression from chronic air-deposited toxins.

Human Consequences: What Comes on Sea Returns to Shore

The impacts of air pollution on the ocean life ultimately come full circle to human populations:

Toxic seafood can cause neurological, hormonal, and developmental diseases.

Fisheries collapse endangers the food security and livelihood of millions in coastal communities.

Declines in biodiversity and reef degradation decrease tourism and ecosystem resilience.

As oceans incorporate pollutants and CO₂, their ability to serve as climate regulators decreases, contributing to further intensification of global warming and air quality.

This only adds emphasis to the requirement to view air pollution not only in an urban context, but as a global environmental risk.

What Can Be Done?

Policy and Emission Controls

Enact tougher emission controls on power plants, transportation, and industrial sources.

Mandate the world phase-out of mercury under the Minamata Convention.

Lower nitrogen emissions through improved farming methods and transport policies

2. International Cooperation

Pollutants do not observe borders. Regional coordination under such instruments as the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution is critical to regulate deposition into common water bodies.

3. Monitoring and Public Education

Integrating air and water quality monitoring is crucial for understanding pollutant pathways and impacts.

Tools like Respirer help citizens track and understand local pollution patterns, raising awareness about the interconnectedness of environmental systems.

Conclusion: The Sky and Sea Are Not Separate Worlds

Air and sea are not separate realms, they are but part of an integrated planetary system. What we emit into the air ultimately comes into contact with every part of the biosphere, including the seas that support life on the planet.

As practitioners at the nexus of environment and public health, it’s important that we extend our knowledge of air pollution from the proximate and obvious. The quiet agony of sea creatures is an alarm: to do something now, decrease emissions, and maintain the fine balance between the Earth’s sky and sea.

To remain well-informed and empowered, investigate current air quality information and pollution facts at Respirer.

[dailyanarchistposts]

Introduction

Authoritarianism is on the rise as a key talking point when it comes to finding solutions to the ecological crisis. The same attributes that predominate technological society – apathy, fear, cognitive overload and feeling a lack of agency[1] – are more and more reflected in the mainstream environmental movement, leading us to believe in new leaders, figureheads and ideas, such as green growth.[2] More on this later.

Lately, I have come across multiple texts by Andreas Malm, author and associate senior lecturer at Lund University, who is one such authoritarian calling for an “Ecological Leninism”.

In his recent interview with Verso books[3] he was asked:

How do you explain the gap between the relative dynamism of ecological Marxist theories – in Anglo-Saxon countries in particular – and the weakness of the political intervention of Marxists in these movements?

Malm answers:

Ecological Marxism has a tendency to cripple itself by staying inside academia. It needs to engage with and reach out to the actual movements in the field. Anarchist ideas should be combated; they will take us nowhere. I think it’s time to start experimenting with things like ecological Leninism or Luxemburgism or Blanquism. But the weakness of Marxism in ecological politics is of course inextricable from its nearly universal weakness at this moment in time (i.e., one symptom of the crisis of humanity, alongside acidification of the oceans and everything else).

Malm represents a Nordic example of eco-modernist [R.F. – see ‘The Decoupling Thesis’] authoritarian thought. Establishing a false dichotomy (e.g. centralized vs decentralized) between anarchistic approaches to change making, Malm meanwhile fails to reflect on the impacts of authoritarian systems in any honest way. This combines with a detached and warped perception of the environmental movement’s recent history.

In How to Blow Up a Pipeline, Malm advocates, but also shits on direct action. Clearly detached from ecological struggles, referring to anarchists attacks as not big enough, he draws on the work of Micheal Loadenthal who documented “27,100 actions between 1973 and 2010,” in an attempt to discredit decentralized action.[4]

“All those thousands of monkeywrenching actions achieved little if anything,” explains Malm, “and had no lasting gains to show for them. They were not performed in a dynamic relation to a mass movement, but largely in a void.”

Ignoring the actions of the remaining Leftist governments (Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, etc.), it is clear Malm has no idea what these actions advocate, let alone the continuation and intensification of eco-anarchist attacks in Europe and the rest of the world between 2010–2016 (see Return Fire magazine, 325, Act for Freedom Now, Avalanche etc.). More still, many of these actions, especially Earth Liberation Front (ELF) actions, were supported by local struggles.[5]

He conveniently forgets all the direct actions and sabotage in direct connection to popular movements that helped save wetlands and stop motorways across the UK [R.F. – see Return Fire vol.4 pg89], or the vital role decentralized direct action and sabotage play in the highly effective struggle of the Mapuche people to recover their territory [R.F. – see Return Fire vol.3 pg59], to name just two examples – and there are countless.

And because environmental justice and social justice go hand in hand, we shouldn’t forget the vital role that arson attacks and other major decentralized sabotage actions had in the divestment campaign against the apartheid government of South Africa in the 1980s, or the change in public attitudes towards the racist police in the United States accomplished by direct and decentralized attacks across that country [R.F. – see The Siege of the Third Precinct in Minneapolis].

Popular rejection of the police is now so strong, many cities face a shortage of recruits for their police forces, even as local governments fight to expand funding. This example shows the relative merits of the decentralized, grassroots action that Malm derides, versus the government action pushed by leftwing parties. It is also worth noting that Malm is decidedly uninterested in and uninformed regarding antiracist struggles, while also using racist tropes and promoting the technocratic, institutional framework of colonialism in his writings.

Malm’s limited view is not just a defect of his own thinking. The tendency of technocrats to reduce the interrelated problems of widespread ecological devastation, borders and migration, global hunger and lack of food sovereignty caused by the so-called Green Revolution, is a huge problem.

It opens the door to eco-fascism, and gives the fascists and other racists a seat at the table. If we only think about climate, as though it were distinct from all the other entangled social and ecological problems, then we are forced to focus narrowly on bringing down Co2 within the existing institutional framework of states, NGOs, and corporations. This means that ultimately, each state (as the chief administrative unit) is responsible for bringing down its own emissions.

This leads to an entire accounting game of pushing off emissions responsibility onto poorer countries, closing borders, blaming immigrants, promoting socially and ecologically destructive technologies (e.g. ‘smart’ cities [R.F. – see Return Fire vol.3 pg31], low-carbon infrastructures, idiotic conservation schemes). From Austria to the UK, Green Parties and mainstream environmental movements have already been making alliances of convenience with far right parties and organizations. Now, Malm is trying to put Leninism back on the table, mirroring the resurgence of classical fascist groups and authoritarian governments.

Malm unapologetically remains politically naïve to the realities of repression and state violence endured by people engaging in non-violent sabotage and vandalism actions. In a review by Gabriel Kuhn, an Austrian political author based in Sweden, he calls Malm’s ignorance of struggles and movements “offensive,” pointing out how he ignores “The Green Scare” [R.F. – see Return Fire vol.4 pg82] and how, despite minimizing decentralized action, the ELF and eco-anarchist actions were labeled by the FBI as the “number one domestic terrorist threat.”[6]

People are fighting, dying [R.F. – see Return Fire vol.5 pg56], and serving extended sentences in prison (9–22 years, see June11.org or any Anarchist Black Cross), which Malm flagrantly disrespects for his pseudo-academic circus and attempted revival of Leninism. More importantly, however, many fighters are getting away with these actions inflicting economic costs and real delays. Right now, supposedly ecologically militant people like Malm, should be working to socially normalize committed non-violent (but not pacifist) struggles and spread it to this new generations of “climate youth” continues who are eager to make a difference. Yet Malm instead vomits political ignorance, authoritarian romantics, flagrant disrespect and concerted hostility to the people engaged in this fight.

Malm does not have to be a self-absorbed academic unaccountable to reality. All of us, instead, can think like outlaws, like feral cats, and organize with our friends to destroy what destroys us. While I am unsure if their actions were “performed in a dynamic relation to a mass movement” (whatever that means), most participants were entrenched in various “activist” or non-activist communities (for better and worse).[7] There is a relatively small, but viral movement – everywhere – already in place risking life and limb to confront mines, pipelines, energy infrastructure and the authoritarian systems that maintain them.

Malm’s analysis widely ignores how environmental struggles have so far required all kinds of actors, from saboteurs to lawyers, journalists and lawmakers: There is no either/or. Rather than making a career out of bashing them and for a perverse authoritarian leftist agenda, Malm should be part of organizing prisoner support for eco-warriors, curating information nights on struggles, securing lawyers, influencing public policy to eliminate terrorism enhancement charges and so on. There is so much people can do in general, but also established academics. Why not support Indigenous land defense, eco-anarchist attack and actually begin organizing against the sources of ecological degradation, instead of promoting some hair brained Leninist scheme? The Trotskyites at Verso should also take a good look into the mirror and reconsider their political values, but more so it seems unwise to publish and give a platform to uneducated and poorly researched work like this. Where is the pushback?

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[josephdmclean]

Joseph Dee Mclean Shares Why Geoduck Conservation Is Essential

Joseph Dee Mclean, a marine conservation expert, often fields one recurring question from curious minds and environmental enthusiasts alike: why are geoducks so important, and why do they need protection? With a reputation for clear, science-backed communication, Joseph Dee Mclean uses his platform to break down the facts, helping the public understand this fascinating marine species and the challenges it faces.

What Is a Geoduck and Why Should We Care?

A geoduck (pronounced "gooey-duck") is a saltwater clam native to the Pacific Northwest. Recognizable for its large, elongated siphon and long lifespan—some living over a century—this species plays an essential role in marine ecosystems. But what makes it so critical?

Joseph Dee Mclean explains:

Natural Water Filter: Geoducks filter massive amounts of water, helping maintain clean and oxygen-rich environments.

Food Web Contributor: They serve as a food source for marine predators, making them integral to oceanic biodiversity.

Economic Value: Geoducks are a highly prized delicacy in international seafood markets, especially in Asia, contributing significantly to coastal economies.

Why Do Geoducks Need Protection?

According to Joseph Dee Mclean, despite their resilience, geoducks face increasing threats that require urgent attention. Here’s what he shares in response to the frequently asked question:

1. Overharvesting and Commercial Demand

The global appetite for geoducks has grown rapidly. Joseph explains that overharvesting, particularly in areas with weak regulation, is a pressing concern. It threatens to deplete natural populations faster than they can reproduce.

“Unlike many species, geoducks grow slowly and take several years to mature,” says Joseph Dee Mclean. “Sustainable harvest practices are critical if we want future generations to benefit from them.”

2. Habitat Loss and Pollution

Coastal development, pollution from agricultural runoff, and plastic debris are all factors damaging geoduck habitats. Joseph notes:

Shoreline modifications reduce the soft sediment beds geoducks need.

Chemical pollutants can alter water quality, affecting geoduck health and reproduction.

3. Climate Change Impacts

Warming waters and ocean acidification pose long-term threats. As Joseph Dee Mclean emphasizes, acidification can hinder shell development in juvenile geoducks, potentially reducing their survival rate.

“Ocean acidification doesn’t just affect geoducks—it’s a warning sign for the entire marine food web,” Joseph adds.

What Is Joseph Dee Mclean Doing About It?

Joseph is not just raising awareness—he’s on the frontlines of action. Here's how he’s leading the way:

Research and Monitoring

Joseph conducts long-term monitoring of geoduck populations to better understand their breeding habits, growth rates, and stress responses. His research contributes to policy and fishery management strategies that prioritize ecological balance.

Sustainable Practices Advocacy

He works with fishery managers to develop guidelines that regulate harvest volumes, improve traceability, and minimize environmental impact. Joseph also promotes aquaculture methods that can supplement wild populations without disrupting marine habitats.

Public Engagement

Through articles, seminars, and community outreach, Joseph helps people understand the connection between healthy marine life and human wellbeing. He believes education is key to fostering lasting conservation habits.

“When people know more, they care more,” Joseph says. “Conservation begins with understanding.”

Common Questions Joseph Dee Mclean Gets About Geoducks

Are geoducks endangered?

Not currently, but Joseph warns that without proper management, local population declines could become irreversible in some areas.

Can geoducks be farmed?

Yes, and Joseph supports sustainable aquaculture as part of the solution. Farmed geoducks can reduce pressure on wild stocks if done responsibly.

How do geoducks impact the ecosystem?

Their burrowing helps aerate sediments, and their filtering keeps water clean. Joseph often describes them as “underwater janitors with hidden superpowers.”

The Big Picture

Joseph Dee Mclean’s core message is that geoducks represent more than just seafood. They’re an ecological anchor and a symbol of why balanced coexistence with nature is essential. The threats facing geoducks mirror broader environmental challenges—overconsumption, pollution, and climate change.

He stresses:

Protecting geoducks is protecting biodiversity.

Supporting sustainable fisheries ensures long-term economic benefits.

Educating communities empowers collective action.

Final Thoughts from Joseph Dee Mclean

Joseph continues to work tirelessly to ensure that geoducks—and the ecosystems they support—thrive well into the future. For him, conservation is not just about science, but about responsibility.

“Every species plays a role in the health of our oceans. Protecting geoducks isn’t just about clams—it’s about preserving the balance of life under the sea.”

Through his leadership and deep knowledge, Joseph Dee Mclean stands out as a trusted voice in marine conservation. His passion and evidence-based insights offer a roadmap for anyone curious about the future of our oceans—and why it’s worth protecting, one geoduck at a time.

[urists]

I got curious about what the magnitude of energy flow associated with climate change looks like and if sun shielding would actually work. Back of the envelope math below the cut.

TL;DR: yes, kinda, if we have the willingness to spend and are okay with suffering the drawbacks.

Wikipedia says that global warming has lead to a cumulative energy imbalance of about 4W/m^2, or ~2PW. It also says that even the least insolated portions of the earth (the poles) get upwards of 20-40W/m^2. So it's at least feasible from a "we could leave 90% of the world uncovered" gut check.

In that case, mylar sheets have a mass of 5g/m^2. Let's assume a worst case and say that 1 square meter of mylar is needed to cover 1 square meter of earth (no angle of incidence) and that each m^2 of mylar also has an additional 5 grams of stationkeeping, etc. Basically, each m^2 of earth we need to cover is 10g of material we need to put into space. It's a bad assumption but I'm not doing shadowing angle calculations this early in the day.

Putting on our insane geoengineering hats: we need to hit 2PW. Let's say we block out both poles equally. Assuming a density of 35 W/m^2 between 55 to 70, which a nutso amount of area, we get ~6e13 m^2, or about a petawatt per pole. At 10g per m^2 that's 6e8 tons. Say we can launch 100 tons per launch at a cost of 5MM per flight.

Hm. Six million launches, for about 34 trillion dollars. That's pricey.

If we do it around the equator, where the energy density is more like 200W/m^2. then we only need to cover about eight degrees in either direction. (This is, I want to be clear, an insane proposition. Many people live there.) That reduces the area to a much more manageable 5e12 square meters, which would only take half a million launches and about 2 and a half trillion dollars. Probably the best case scenario, and might honestly be more reflective of the pole mass requirements anyways (in theory we can orient the sunshade normal to the sun even in the pole case, so it would all cancel out).

Finally, if we assume we're really good at materials science, or at mining shit in space, maybe we manage to make the weight to orbit go down by a factor of 10. In that case, building this takes 50k launches and only 250 billion in launch costs. (For reference: 250 billion is about two years worth of profits from Aramco, or less than the yearly revenues of Exxon, or slightly over the yearly spend of the state of Texas.) Actually more doable than I expected!

Granted, this plan does have some drawbacks - mostly a) it doesn't solve ocean acidification, etc, and also b) it plunges a sizeable fraction of the world into literal constant darkness. But it's doable!

[trashy-manhua-titles]

Trashy Manhua Title 1: reincarnated in another world as a a sea anemone engaged to the main villain, the northern duke, but my system is broken and ocean acidification is ruining the kingdom