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ovaga-technologies · 11 months ago

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STM32F103C6T6 Datasheet, Pinout, and Specifications

The STM32F103C6T6 is a powerful microcontroller known for its versatility and performance. It belongs to the STM32F1 series produced by STMicroelectronics, offering a wide range of features and capabilities. This microcontroller is highly regarded in the world of embedded systems and microcontroller applications due to its robustness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use. Its popularity stems from its ability to cater to a wide range of applications, from simple DIY projects to complex industrial automation systems. In this article, we'll provide an overview of theSTM32F103C6T6, exploring its specifications, schematic, pinout, programming, datasheet, and more details.

Description of STM32F103C6T6

The STM32F103C6T6 performance line family integrates the high-performance ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit RISC core, operating at a frequency of 72 MHz. It features high-speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 32 Kbytes and SRAM up to 6 Kbytes) and a wide range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected to two APB buses. All devices offer two 12-bit ADCs, three general-purpose 16-bit timers plus one PWM timer, as well as standard and advanced communication interfaces: up to two I2Cs and SPIs, three USARTs, a USB, and a CAN.

The STM32F103C6T6 low-density performance line family operates from a 2.0 to 3.6 V power supply. It is available in both the –40 to +85 °C temperature range and the –40 to +105 °C extended temperature range. A comprehensive set of power-saving modes allows for the design of low-power applications.

The STM32F103C6T6 low-density performance line family includes devices in four different package types, ranging from 36 pins to 64 pins. Depending on the chosen device, different sets of peripherals are included. The following description provides an overview of the complete range of peripherals proposed in this family.

These features make the STM32F103C6T6 low-density performance line microcontroller family suitable for a wide range of applications such as motor drives, application control, medical and handheld equipment, PC and gaming peripherals, GPS platforms, industrial applications, PLCs, inverters, printers, scanners, alarm systems, video intercoms, and HVACs.

Features of STM32F103C6T6

ARM 32-bit Cortex™-M3 CPU Core: The microcontroller is powered by an ARM Cortex™-M3 CPU core, capable of operating at a maximum frequency of 72 MHz. It delivers a performance of 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Dhrystone 2.1) with 0 wait state memory access and supports single-cycle multiplication and hardware division.

Versatile Memories: The STM32F103C6T6 features 16 or 32 Kbytes of Flash memory for program storage and 6 or 10 Kbytes of SRAM for data storage.

Clock, Reset, and Supply Management: It supports 2.0 to 3.6 V application supply and I/Os. The microcontroller includes a Power-On Reset (POR), a Power-Down Reset (PDR), and a programmable voltage detector (PVD). It also features a 4-to-16 MHz crystal oscillator, an internal 8 MHz factory-trimmed RC oscillator, and an internal 40 kHz RC oscillator. Additionally, it provides a PLL for the CPU clock and a 32 kHz oscillator for the Real-Time Clock (RTC) with calibration.

Low Power: The STM32F103C6T6 offers Sleep, Stop, and Standby modes for power optimization. It includes VBAT supply for RTC and backup registers.

2 x 12-bit, 1 µs A/D Converters: The microcontroller is equipped with two 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with up to 16 channels. It has a conversion range of 0 to 3.6 V and supports dual-sample and hold capability. Additionally, it features a temperature sensor.

Direct Memory Access (DMA): It includes a 7-channel DMA controller that supports peripherals such as timers, ADC, SPIs, I2Cs, and USARTs.

Up to 51 Fast I/O Ports: The STM32F103C6T6 offers 26/37/51 I/Os, all mappable on 16 external interrupt vectors. Almost all ports are 5 V-tolerant, providing flexibility in interfacing with various external devices.

STM32F103C6T6 Specifications

TypeParameterCoreARM Cortex M3

Core Size

32-Bit Single-CoreProgram Memory Size32 kBData Bus Width32 bitADC Resolution12 bitMaximum Clock Frequency72 MHzRAM Size10K x 8Supply Voltage - Min1.8 V, 2 VSupply Voltage - Max3.6 VVoltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd)2V ~ 3.6VConnectivityCANbus, I2C, IrDA, LINbus, SPI, UART/USART, USBPeripheralsDMA, Motor Control PWM, PDR, POR, PVD, PWM, Temp Sensor, WDTNumber of I/Os48 I/O

Operating Temperature

-40°C ~ 85°C (TA)

Package / Case

48-LQFP

Absolute Maximum Ratings

SymbolRatingsValueVDD − VSSExternal main supply voltage (including VDDA and VDD)–0.3V ~ 4.0VVINInput voltage on five volt tolerant pinVSS − 0.3V ~ VDD + 4.0VInput voltage on any other pinVSS − 0.3V ~ 4.0V|VDDx|Variations between different VDD power pins50mV|VSSX −VSS|Variations between all the different ground pins50mVVESD(HBM)Electrostatic discharge voltage (human body model)2000VIVDDTotal current into VDD/VDDA power lines (source)150mAIVSSTotal current out of VSS ground lines (sink)150mAIIOOutput current sunk by any I/O and control pin 25mAOutput current source by any I/Os and control pin-25mAIINJ(PIN)Injected current on five volt tolerant pins-5/+0mAInjected current on any other pin± 5mAΣIINJ(PIN)Total injected current (sum of all I/O and control pins)± 25mATSTGStorage temperature range–65°C to +150°CTJMaximum junction temperature150°C

STM32F103C6T6 Pinout

STM32F103C6T6 Application

Motor Drives

The STM32F103C6T6 is used in motor drive systems to control the speed and direction of motors in various applications, such as industrial machinery, robotics, and automotive systems.

Application Control

It is utilized for controlling the operation of various applications, including home automation systems, smart appliances, and industrial automation equipment.

Medical and Handheld Equipment

Due to its low power consumption and high processing capabilities, the microcontroller is employed in medical devices such as portable monitoring systems, infusion pumps, and handheld diagnostic tools.

PC and Gaming Peripherals

STM32F103C6T6 is used in peripherals for PCs and gaming consoles, such as keyboards, mice, and game controllers, to provide efficient and reliable control interfaces.

GPS Platforms

It is used in GPS tracking devices and navigation systems to process location data and provide accurate positioning information.

Industrial Applications

Due to its robustness and reliability, the microcontroller is widely used in various industrial applications, including factory automation, process control, and monitoring systems.

PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers)

It is utilized in PLCs for controlling and monitoring industrial processes and machinery.

Inverters

STM32F103C6T6 is used in power inverters, which convert DC power to AC power in applications such as solar power systems and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS).

Printers and Scanners

It is used in printers and scanners for controlling printing and scanning functions, providing fast and efficient operations.

Alarm Systems

The microcontroller is used in alarm systems for detecting and signaling unauthorized entry or other security breaches.

Video Intercoms

It is used in video intercom systems for communication and remote access control in residential and commercial buildings.

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

STM32F103C6T6 is used in HVAC systems for controlling temperature, humidity, and air quality, ensuring comfortable and energy-efficient indoor environments.

STM32F103C6T6 Programming

To program the STM32F103C6T6, developers can use a variety of development tools and integrated development environments (IDEs) such as Keil, STM32CubeIDE, and Arduino IDE. These tools provide a user-friendly interface for writing, compiling, and debugging code for the microcontroller.

IDEs for STM32F103C6T6

Several integrated Development Environments (IDEs) support STM32F103C6T6, including the STM32CubeIDE, Keil uVision, and CoIDE. Each offers a unique set of features, catering to different programming needs and preferences.

STM32CubeIDE

STM32CubeIDE is an official IDE from STMicroelectronics for STM32 development. It integrates the STM32Cube library, providing a comprehensive software infrastructure to streamline the programming process.

Keil uVision

Keil uVision is another popular choice. It offers robust debugging capabilities, making it easier for developers to identify and resolve errors in their code.

STM32CubeMX is a graphical tool that helps developers configure the microcontroller and generate initialization code quickly. It allows users to configure peripherals, pin assignments, and clock settings, among other parameters. Then, it generates the corresponding initialization code in C language, which can be easily integrated into the development environment.

Another essential aspect of programming the STM32F103C6T6 is understanding the HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) libraries provided by STMicroelectronics. HAL libraries abstract the low-level hardware details, providing a standardized interface for interacting with the microcontroller's peripherals. This abstraction simplifies the development process and makes the code more portable across different STM32 microcontrollers. Understanding how to use HAL libraries is essential for efficiently programming the STM32F103C6T6 and leveraging its full potential in embedded applications.

STM32F103C6T6 Equivalent/Alternative

STM32F103C8T6.

STM32F103C6T6 Package

STM32F103C6T6 Manufacturer

STMicroelectronics, a global leader in semiconductor manufacturing, is the proud manufacturer of the STM32F103C6T6 microcontroller. With a strong focus on innovation and quality, STMicroelectronics has established itself as a trusted name in the electronics industry. The company's commitment to excellence is evident in the STM32F103C6T6, which boasts high performance, reliability, and versatility. STMicroelectronics' dedication to customer satisfaction and technological advancement makes it a preferred choice for engineers and designers worldwide.

STM32F103C6T6 Datasheet

Download STM32F103C6T6 Datasheet PDF.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the STM32F103C6T6 microcontroller stands out as a versatile and powerful solution for embedded systems design. Its advanced features, including a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 core, a wide range of peripherals, and low power consumption, make it ideal for a variety of applications. It provides developers with a powerful tool to create innovative and efficient solutions for a wide range of applications.

#STM32F103C6T6

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biggelectronics · 2 years ago

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3 Must-Have Arduino Shields for Your Next Project: ESP8266 Wifi, TFT LCD Display, and Dual Motor Drive!

Arduino shields are add-on boards that can be connected to an Arduino microcontroller to enhance its functionality. These shields are designed to provide an easy and convenient way to add various features to an Arduino project without requiring extensive knowledge of electronics. In this blog, we will explore three different types of Arduino shields: ESP8266 Serial wifi Expansion Board, LCD TFT01 Shield for Mega Board, and Dual Monster Moto Shield VNH3ASP30 DC Motor Drive.

ESP8266 Serial wifi Expansion Board:

The ESP8266 Serial wifi Expansion Board is a popular shield that enables your Arduino project to connect to the internet through a wifi network. It is based on the ESP8266 chip, which provides a low-cost, high-speed wireless connection. The shield includes an onboard antenna and can be easily configured using the Arduino IDE.

LCD TFT01 Shield for Mega Board:

The LCD TFT01 Shield for Mega Board is an Arduino shield that features a 3.2-inch TFT LCD screen. The shield is compatible with the Arduino Mega board and provides a high-resolution display for your projects. The TFT LCD screen has a resolution of 320x240 pixels and supports 16-bit color depth. The shield also includes a microSD card slot, which can be used to store images, videos, and other data.

Dual Monster Moto Shield VNH3ASP30 DC Motor Drive:

The Dual Monster Moto Shield VNH3ASP30 DC Motor Drive is an Arduino shield that allows you to control two high-power DC motors. The shield is designed to drive motors with a voltage range of 5V to 16V and a maximum current of 30A. It includes a built-in thermal protection circuit, which prevents overheating and damage to the shield.

Conclusion

Arduino shields provide an easy and convenient way to enhance the functionality of your Arduino projects. The ESP8266 Serial wifi Expansion Board allows your project to connect to the internet through a wifi network, while the LCD TFT01 Shield for Mega Board provides a high-resolution display. Finally, the Dual Monster Moto Shield VNH3ASP30 DC Motor Drive allows you to control high-power DC motors. These shields are just a few examples of the wide range of Arduino shields available, and they offer endless possibilities for your Arduino projects.

#arduino project #arduino #arduino board #arduino nano #arduino shield

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t2mip · 3 years ago

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Ultra-high-speed 14-bit at 4.32Gbps ADC IP Cores

T2MIP, the global independent semiconductor IP Cores provider & Technology experts, is pleased to announce the availability of its partner’s silicon and production-proven 14-bit Wideband Time-Interleaved Pipeline ADC IP cores supporting 4.32 Gsps sampling speed in 28nm FDSOI process with full modification rights and unlimited usage.

The 14-bit, 4.32Gbps Pipeline ADC IP Cores, extracted from a Production Chipset, supports 60dB Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) with input frequencies ranging from 54MHz to 1.7GHz. They are used in a variety of applications, including audio applications, microcontrollers, high-speed STB, Wi-Fi, automotive, radar, and 5G applications.

The ADC IP Cores includes two internal power supply regulators (LDO) for the analog part:

- A 1.1v LDO with an external decoupling capacitor to reach a high-power rejection ratio,

- A 1.5v LDO with an internal capacitor for the input buffer and biasing

The digital part is supplied by the external 1.0V.

This ultra-high-speed wide-band Analog-to-Digital Converter IP cores, is based on 16 Time-Interleaved Pipeline sub-ADC followed by a digital correction algorithm for gain, offset, and skew correction. The differential input is terminated by a 100 Ohms resistor (100 Ohms differential) and followed by an input buffer driving the sub-ADC. The signal amplitude is 1Vpp differential. The analog source driving the ADC should be coupled to the input pins with two external capacitors of 1nF minimum. The input common models are generated internally.

Pipeline ADC IP Cores is a mixed-signal system made up of a comparator, switch-capacitor circuits, biassing circuits, bandgap voltage reference, sample and hold amplifier (SHA), and multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC). It connects all the specs at the circuit and system levels. A pipeline ADC IP Core is designed using two or more low resolution Flash ADCs. The architecture is divided into number of stages where each stage consists of Sample and Hold circuit. This circuit samples the analog signal and holds the sampled value for a short interval of time. This signal is fed to Flash ADC to get the binary output. The generated binary outputs from each stage is then time-aligned (Pipelined) to the Shift Register and further undergoes error detection and correction using Digital Error Correction Logic to obtain the final Binary output.

T2M’s extensive range of wireless IP cores also includes Bluetooth Dual mode v5.2 RF Transceiver IP Cores in 22nm ULL, BLE v5.2 / 15.4 (0.5mm2) RF Transceiver IP Cores in 40/55nm, NB-IoT/Cat M UE RF Transceiver IP Cores in 40ULP, and Sub6 GHz RF Transceiver IP Cores, all of which can be ported

Availability: This Analog Data convertor IP cores is available for immediate licensing. For further information on licensing options and pricing please drop a request at contact.

About T2M: T2M-IP is the global independent semiconductor technology experts, supplying complex semiconductor IP Cores, Software, KGD and disruptive technologies enabling accelerated development of your Wearables, IOT, Communications, Storage, Servers, Networking, TV, STB and Satellite SoCs. For more information, please visit: www.t-2-m.com

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embeddedschool · 7 years ago

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Enhance Your Career with Best ARM Microcontroller Training

What is ARM Microcontroller?

The ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine, and it is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microcontroller. It was presented in 1987 by the Acron computers’ organization. The ARM is a family of the microcontroller developed by the different manufacturers such as ST Microelectronics, Motorola and so on. The ARM microcontroller architecture arrives with a few several versions such as ARMv1, ARMv2 and each one has its pros and cons.

The ARM cortex microcontroller is an innovative microcontroller in the family of an ARM, which is established by the architecture of ARMv7. The ARM Cortex family separated into three sub-families. They are

• ARM-Cortex -A

• ARM-Cortex -R

• ARM-Cortex –M: This varies from Cortex-M0, M0+. M1, M2, M3, M4 because of its instruction set.

The most commonly used and the familiar ARM microcontroller is Cortex-M3. The ARM microcontroller training offers a detailed knowledge of these functions.

Cortex- M3 Architecture

A high-performance 32-bit processor of cortex-M3 ARM processor delivers the more welfares to the developers. The ARM architecture is a ‘Harvard architecture’ that offers clear data and instruction buses for interacting with the RAM and ROM memories. This has two major types as application and the embedded processor. It contains a 3-stage pipeline for fetching, decoding and executing the instructions consecutively. The Cortex processor is a cost complex device which is useful for reducing the processor area and has the wide improvement for handling interrupt and capabilities of system debug.

Features

1. RISC Controller

• 3-stage pipeline and compact one

• 32-bit high-performance CPU

2. Has Thumb2 Technology

• For High Performance

• 16/32 bit instructions of optimal merges

3. Provides Tools supports and Real-Time Operating System

• Multiple processors support

• 2-pin serial connection for wire debug

4. Low Power Modes

• Sleep mode support

• Software control

• Multiple power domains

5. Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller

• Interrupt response with low jitter and low latency

• Does not require the assembly language need.

To run the tasks of the users, the ARM customs seven processing modes.

They are

• User mode

• FIQ Mode

• IRQ Mode

• SVC Mode

• UNDEFINED Mode

• ABORT Mode

• Monitor Mode

User Mode

It is a normal mode, which has the minimum number of registers.

FIQ and IRQ

The FIQ and IRQ are the two CPU modes interrupt. The FIQ is for interrupt processing, and IRQ is known as the standard interrupt.

SVC Mode

This processor is for startup or reset, and it is supervisor mode.

Undefined Mode

The Undefined mode deceits when illegitimate instructions are accomplished.

Abort Mode

This rise the speed of processing by dividing 32-bit data into 16 bits.

Monitor Mode

In this mode, the instructions can either be 16-bit or 32-bit, and it improves the ARM cortex –M3 performance.

#embedded #certification #courses #education #technology #madurai #centre #training #student #embeddedschool #article #arm #microcontroller

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market-research-updates · 4 years ago

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Ethernet Controller Market is Estimated To Expand At a Healthy CAGR in The Upcoming Forecast 2025

The ethernet controller market is expected to register a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period 2020-2025. As Ethernet controller controls Ethernet communications, the trend towards industrial Ethernet physical layer (PHY) products to help manufacturers addressing key Industry 4.0 and smart factory communication challenges surrounding data integration, synchronization, edge connectivity, and system interoperability is highly being adopted. The ADIN1300, for example, is a low-power, single-port Ethernet transceiver designed for time-critical industrial Ethernet applications up to Gigabit speeds and designed to operate reliably in harsh industrial conditions over extended ambient temperature ranges. It is the latest technology developed for the company’s ADI Chronous portfolio of industrial Ethernet solutions. - Adoption of EtherCat for the real-time network for machine control drives the market. EtherCAT uses the implementation of on-board Ethernet controller integrated via Direct Memory Access (DMA), so no CPU capacity is required for the data transfer between the master device and the network providing higher orders of magnitude faster than Profibus, DeviceNet, and ModbusTCP. Automation equipment manufacturers can use EtherCAT on their own device implementations to improve performance and flexibility, while end-users and automation system designers can implement their own EtherCAT-compliant devices. Further, EtherCAT is part of several IEC Standards (61158, 61784, 61800), ISO 15745, and is also a SEMI standard (E54.20).

Click Here to Download Sample Report >> https://www.sdki.jp/sample-request-86056 - In April 2020, Renesas Electronics Corporation announced the RX72N Group and RX66N Group of 32-bit microcontrollers (MCUs), new additions to the RX Family that combines equipment control and networking function on a single chip with EtherCAT support.

- The adoption of USB Ethernet controllers drives the market. There are various protocols for Ethernet-style networking over USB. The main function of these protocols is to allow the application-independent exchange of data with USB devices, instead of specialized protocols such as video or MTP. Even though USB is not a physical Ethernet, the networking stacks of all major operating systems are set up to transport IEEE 802.3 frames.

- For instance, implementing the KL5KUSB121 10/100 Base-T USB-Ethernet controller provides highly integrated 16-bit RISC CPU, mask ROM, and RAM buffer coupled with serial, external memory, and SPORT interfaces. It easily converts USB to Ethernet. The chip's internal processor enables a remote network device interface specification that provides compatibility with next-generation operating systems and faster data transfers and is well suited for LAN, Home Area Network, cable modem, set-top boxes, or mobile networking applications.

- The impact of COVID-19 has provided the restraints to market growth. There is nearly an 80% chance for significant contraction in worldwide semiconductor revenues in 2020, which also affects the market of ethernet controllers due to the massive slowdown of the supply chain. A player such as Arista, Cisco, Juniper, and many others in the 400GbE ecosystem planned to demonstrate interoperability and the growing volume of 400GbE wares at OFC (Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition) 2020 and the major networking vendors working on 400GbE were reported some degree of 400G implementation, but the players have decided to manufacture in the first half of 2021, and currently, the production has been stopped. - Further, as the epidemic has caused the manufacturing industry to slow down, the requirement of EtherCAT in the industry is most vital as it provides real-time, deterministic, high performance, and open industrial Ethernet network protocol and can ensure the data transmission certainty and real-time. In April 2020, ASIX Electronics Corporation announced to supply EtherCAT Slave Controller SoC in China and other parts of the world, which caters to the significant assistance in the market growth. But overall, the growth is restrained due to negligible demand from all the sectors. Key Market Trends Gigabit Ethernet to Witness Growth in Data Centers - Data-intensive applications such as big data and cloud computing continue to grow at an accelerating rate. Multiple terabits of data travel to and from the data center each second. Moving such massive data around the data center requires a robust infrastructure that is capable of handling high bandwidth data delivery having high IP traffic to and from storage endpoints, servers, top-of-rack (TOR) switches, and core switches. This penetrates the demand of an ethernet controller, which connects devices using media access control (MAC) addresses. - Players such as Marvell Ethernet Network Adapters and Controllers are purpose-built to accelerate and simplify data center, PC and workstation networking. Marvell Ethernet controllers deliver Ethernet connectivity speeds ranging from NBASE-T for Workstations to data center-class 10/25/50/100GbE for high-volume software-defined datacenters. - Further, rising power consumption and costs related to continuous growth in data are bringing data centers to face the challenges of delivering greater storage bandwidth and capacity. To address such issues, in April 2020, Marvell’s MRVL QLogic Fibre Channel and FastLinQ Ethernet adapter solutions will now enable NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) technology in VMwarevSphere 7.0, displaying its continued efforts to strengthen its end-to-end Ethernet storage and bandwidth capabilities. - Further, with an increasing demand for networking speed and throughput performance within the data center and high-performance computing clusters, in April 2020, the newly rebranded Ethernet Technology Consortium has announced a new 800 Gigabit Ethernet technology for data center replacing the 400 Gigabit Ethernet. The 800 B base-R specification (or 800 GbE) will need new definitions for media access control (MAC) and physical coding sublayer (PCS). This further benefits hyperscale datacenter networks that span a large number of nodes and require multiple hops. - Furthermore, in April 2020, Tyan has officially announced its support for the new chips on selecting models of their Transport HX barebones servers, which are designed for high-performance computing and server data-driven workflows. It includes Transport HX TN83-B8251, TS75A-B8252, and the TS75-B8252, where on the motherboard, there is an Intel X550-AT2 dual 10 G Ethernet controller, with a dedicated Realtek IPMI Ethernet port, and an Aspeed AST2500 BMC. Each model has offered its own benefits for the server, data center, and high-frequency trading systems.

- Moreover, as the demand for public cloud services continues to grow, hyper-scale data centers and cloud providers increasingly rely on multicore SmartNIC solutions to offload infrastructure services and workloads to maximize server utilization. In March 2020, Broadcom Inc. announced that its Stingray adapter, the industry’s first 100G SmartNIC (integrated NetXtreme Ethernet Controller), is powering Baidu Cloud with unprecedented levels of performance. The Stingray adapter’s exceptional levels of integration, includes eight ARM A72 CPU cores running at 3GHz, 300G of memory bandwidth.

Click Here to Download Sample Report >> https://www.sdki.jp/sample-request-86056 North America Accounts for Significant Share - North America accounts for a significant share. With the increase in the development of technology along with the adoption of a high rate of consumer electronics such as gaming consoles, etc., the demand for the ethernet controller is growing in this region.

- For instance, in April 2020, Killer announced the Killer E3100 Ethernet controller is improving the internet performance by prioritizing gaming and rescuing up CPU power and PC memory. It reaches speeds up to 2.5Gbps and can combine with Killer Wi-Fi products to reach up to 4.9 Gbps of theoretical throughput. The Killer 3100 is available in systems from Acer and MSI, including the newly announced MSI Creator 17 and MSI GE66 Raider.

- Further, as the automotive industry increasingly adopts Ethernet in-vehicle networks for mainstream models, the number of related ports is expected to grow at a 62% annualized growth trajectory, from 53 million in 2018 to 367 million by 2022, according to Marvell Technology Group. Moreover, in September 2019, Marvell Technology Group completed the acquisition of Aquantia Corporation to expand the market in automotive solutions. - The acquisition of Aquantia complements Marvell’s portfolio of copper and optical, physical layer product offerings, and extends its position in the Multi-Gig 2.5G/5G/10G Ethernet segments. In particular, Aquantia’s innovative Multi-gig automotive PHYs, coupled with Marvell’s gigabit PHY and secure switch products, creates a broad range of high-speed in-car networking solutions. - Further, in November 2019, Astronics Ballard announced to embed an open architecture with a 64-bit processing foundation and Ethernet backbone across its next generation of NG avionics input/output (I/O) computers. Inside the next generation, boxes are simple converters capable of supporting Ethernet, MIL-STD-1553 and ARINC 429 among other data bus protocols, and the processing is capable of enabling advanced distributed control and mission computing on fighter jets, drones, and helicopters. - To support the instance, in January 2019, U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy officials signed a memorandum agreeing that future acquisitions of new aircraft technologies will focus on using the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA). In addition to MOSA, the NG computers also meet the design requirements for DoD’s Open Mission Systems (OMS) standard. This enhances the demand for the market in this sector.

Competitive Landscape The ethernet controller market is fragmented in nature due to high competition. Despite the fragmentation, the market is largely tied by the regulatory requirements for establishment and operation. Further, with increasing innovation, acquisitions, and partnerships, the rivalry in the market tends to be increasing in the future. Key players are Intel Corporation and Broadcom Inc. Recent developments in the market are - - March 2020 - Ethernity Networks introduced its ENET-D, an add-on Ethernet Controller technology to its ACE-NIC100 SmartNIC that efficiently processes millions of data flows and offers performance acceleration for networking and security appliances. ENET-D is an Ethernet adapter and DMA (direct memory access) engine that eliminates the need for proprietary hardware on a network interface card. By fitting into various FPGAs and enabling customers to further avoid ASIC-based components, ENET-D advances complete disaggregation at the edge of the network. The dynamic nature of business environment in the current global economy is raising the need amongst business professionals to update themselves with current situations in the market. To cater such needs, Shibuya Data Count provides market research reports to various business professionals across different industry verticals, such as healthcare & pharmaceutical, IT & telecom, chemicals and advanced materials, consumer goods & food, energy & power, manufacturing & construction, industrial automation & equipment and agriculture & allied activities amongst others.

For more information, please contact:

Hina Miyazu

Shibuya Data Count Email: [email protected] Tel: + 81 3 45720790

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amaxchipamaxchip · 4 years ago

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TMS320F28034PNT Microcontrollers

A microcontroller is an integrated circuit device denoted by μC or uC. It uses a microprocessor unit (MPU), memory, and peripheral to control other portions of an electronic system. These devices are optimized for applications that require both processing functionality and agile. It is a small, low-cost, and self-contained computer-on-a-chip used as an embedded system. A few microcontrollers may utilize four-bit expressions and work at clock rate frequencies, which usually include an eight or 16-bit microprocessor. Microcontrollers usually must have low-power requirements since many devices they control are battery-operated. The dominant part of microcontrollers being used nowadays is implanted in other apparatus.

The 2803x (C28x) family is a member of the TMS320C2000™ microcontroller (MCU) platform. The C28x-based controllers have the same 32-bit fixed-point architecture as existing C28x MCUs. It is a very efficient C/C++ engine, enabling users to develop their system control software in a high-level language and develop math algorithms using C/C++. The device is as efficient at MCU math tasks as system control tasks handled by microcontroller devices. The 32 × 32-bit MAC 64-bit processing capabilities enable the controller to manage higher numerical resolution problems efficiently. Add to this the fast interrupt response with automatic context save of critical registers, resulting in a device capable of servicing many asynchronous events with minimal latency. The device has an 8-level-deep protected pipeline with pipelined memory accesses. This pipelining enables it to execute at high speeds without resorting to expensive high-speed memories.

The features of TMS320F28034PNT include High-efficiency 32-bit CPU, Harvard bus architecture, and fast interrupt response and processing. The TMS320F28034PNT consists of a Programmable Control Law Accelerator that executes code independently of the main CPU. There are Three 32-bit CPU timers and an Independent 16-bit timer in Each Enhanced Pulse Width Modulator. The TMS320F28034PNT has a 128-bit security key and lock. This not only Protects secure memory blocks but also Prevents firmware reverse engineering. The TMS320F28034PNThas advanced emulation features that help in Analysis and breakpoint functions and Real-time debug through hardware.

Due to its features, the TMS320F28034PNT has various advantages, including Low cost for both device and system Single 3.3-V supply, no power sequencing requirement, Integrated power-on reset, and brown-out reset Low power, and No analog support pins. The TMS320F28034PNT has up to 45 individually programmable and multiplexed GPIO pins with input filtering. The TMS320F28034PNT

comes with a Peripheral Interrupt Expansion (PIE) block that supports all peripheral interrupts. The TMS320F28034PNT offers both Serial port peripherals and Enhanced control peripherals.

TMS320F28034PNT are used in a large number of applications such as air conditioner outdoor unit, door operator drive control, DC/DC converter, inverter & motor control, automated sorting equipment, textile machine, welding machine, AC/DC charging (pile) station, EV charging station power module, microinverter, solar power optimizer, AC drives control module, linear motor segment controller.

#TMS320F28034PNT #TMS320LF2406APZA

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quartzcomponents · 4 years ago

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ESP8266 NodeMCU CP2102 Development Board

NodeMCU ESP8266 is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module, and like this, it can also be programmed using Arduino IDE and can act as both WiFi Hotspot or can connect to one. It has one Analog Input Pin, 16 Digital I/O pins along with the capability to connect with serial communication protocols like SPI, UART, and I2C. NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it ideal for IoT projects. Its applications include prototyping for IoT devices, low powered battery-operated applications, and projects requiring I/O interface with Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities.

SPECIFICATIONS

Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106

Operating Voltage: 3.3V

Input Voltage: 7-12V

Digital I/O Pins (DIO): 16

Analog Input Pins (ADC): 1

UARTs: 1

SPIs: 1

I2Cs: 1

Flash Memory: 4 MB

SRAM: 64 KB

Clock Speed: 80 MHz

Buy this development board: https://quartzcomponents.com/products/nodemcu-development-board

#ee #electronics engineering #electronics projects #electronics Components #diy #technology

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droneseco · 4 years ago

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A Peek at the Pico, Raspberry Pi's Newest Petite Powerhouse

Raspberry Pi Pico

8.80 / 10

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Meet the new Raspberry Pi Pico; a tiny microcontroller filled with big possibilities.

Specifications

Brand: Raspberry Pi

CPU: Dual-core 133Mhz ARM

Memory: 264Kb

Ports: microUSB

Pros

Powerful ARM Processor

Micro-USB Connectivity

Breadboard Mountable

Easy-To-Use Interface

Absolutely Adorable

Inexpensive

Cons

No Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connectivity

No Header Pins

I/O Port Labelling on One Side Only

No USB-C Connectivity

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Raspberry Pi Pico other

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We’ve managed to get our hands on the coveted Raspberry Pi Pico. Today, we’re going to be looking at some of the most important features and putting it toe-to-toe with some of the biggest names in small electronics.

We’ll be showing you what the Pico can do, and we’ll get you started with MicroPython, one of Pico’s supported programming languages. We’ll even offer up some code to try in case you decide to buy a Pico of your own.

What Is a Raspberry Pi Pico?

Raspberry Pi Pico is a new budget microcontroller designed by Raspberry Pi. It’s a tiny computer built around a single chip, with onboard memory, and programmable in/out ports. Historically, microcontrollers are used in a variety of devices from medical implants to power tools. If you have an electronic device sitting in your vicinity, there’s a good chance that there’s a microcontroller inside of it.

Key Features of the Pico

The Pico is built around the RP2040 microcontroller chip, which was designed by Raspberry Pi UK. It’s a Dual-Core ARM processor with a flexible clock that can run up to 133 MHz. The Pico also supports 1.8-5.5 DC input voltage, has a micro-USB input port, and an onboard temperature sensor.

Flanking the chip on all sides are a series of castellations that allow easy soldering to a Veroboard or breadboard. This dual in-line package (DIP) style form factor is stackable, and can also be used in carrier board applications.

Technical Specifications

21 mm x 51 mm

264kb on-chip RAM

2 MB on-board QSPI flash

2 UART

26 GPIO

2 SPI controllers

2 ISC controllers

16 PWM channels

Accelerated integer and floating-point libraries

3-pin ARM Serial Wire Debug (SWD) port

What’s So Special About the Pi Pico?

The Pi Pico is a different kind of microcontroller. It’s Raspberry Pi’s first, and it features ARM technology in its RP2040 silicon chip. Many technology companies are embracing silicon ARM chips, with major manufacturers like Apple leading the charge.

The punchy little Pico packs a staggering 26 multifunction general purpose input/output (GPIO) ports, including 3 that are analog. Alongside these ports are 8 programmable input/output (PIO) ports. Compare this to other microcontrollers like the Arduino Nano, and the Pico packs roughly 18% more GPIO capability.

The most considerable difference between the Pico and its competitors, however, is the $4 price tag. Low cost is the main selling point of this unique offering.

At launch, many online retailers sold out of the device due to the interest and Raspberry Pi’s favorable reputation. By setting the price so low, the Pico opens the door for a new class of high-powered, budget microcontrollers.

There are many potential applications for the new Pico. With its onboard temperature sensor, the device is an obvious choice for IoT projects.

One talented retro gaming enthusiast even used a Pico to build a gaming console with full VGA video support.

youtube

This means that makers who have been curious about Raspberry Pi, or microcontrollers in general, now have the ability to experiment for less than the price of a fancy cup of coffee.

Related: The Raspberry Pi Comes of Age With the Pi 400 Desktop

The Raspberry Pi Pico Processor

The RP2040 ARM chip is an interesting choice for the Pico. At 133MHz, the chip is capable of leaving more expensive boards, like the Arduino Uno, in the dust.

Using ARM processors seems to be an emerging trend in the world of microcontrollers. In addition to Raspberry Pi, both Sparkfun and Adafruit also offer boards with similar ARM technology.

The industry-wide switch was made for a single reason—speed. ARM processors give a considerable boost over standard Atmel chips. In a board this size, using an ARM processor is like dropping a fully kitted Porsche engine into a Volkswagen. On the other hand, many microcontrollers don’t require that much processing speed. Yet.

Ramping up performance means that makers who want to push the limits of the Pico will have an abundance of power to do so.

The I/O Ports

The GPIO ports on the Pi Pico feature several interesting functions for common uses such as operating a screen, running lighting, or incorporating servos/relays. Some functions of the GPIO are available on all ports, and some only work for specific uses. GPIO 25, for example, controls the Pico’s onboard LED, and GPIO 23 controls the onboard SMPS Power Save feature.

The Pico also has both VSYS (1.8V — 5.5V) and VBUS (5V when connected to USB) ports, which are designed to deliver current to the RP2040 and its GPIO. This means that powering the Pico can be done with or without the use of the onboard micro-USB.

A full list of the I/O ports is available on Raspberry Pi’s website in its complete Pico documentation.

Pico vs. Arduino vs. Others

One question on the minds of many makers is whether or not the Raspberry Pi Pico is better than Arduino?

That depends. Pound-for-pound, higher-end Arduino boards like the Portenta H7 make the Pico look like a toy. However, the steep cost for a board of that caliber might be a tough pill for the microcontroller hobbyist to swallow. That's why the smaller price tag on the Pico makes it a win for makers who enjoy low-risk experimentation.

Along with minimal cost, the Raspberry Pi jams an extensive feature set into the Pico, comparable to boards like the Teensy LC, and the ESP32. But neither of these competitors manage to challenge the budget-friendly Pico on price.

That's what makes the Pico such a fantastic value, and a great choice for hobbyists and power users alike.

The Pi Pico: What’s Not To Love?

Unfortunately, to drive the price of the Pico down, Raspberry Pi had to make a few compromises. The most notable of which is the lack of an onboard radio module. Neither Bluetooth nor Wi-Fi is supported without add-ons.

The Wi-Fi limitation can be eliminated by adding a module like the ESP-01. Bluetooth support may prove a bit more challenging. If you need an all-in-one solution for your products, you’re better off skipping the Pico, and spending a little extra for something like the Pi Zero W, or ESP32.

Additionally, many early adopters are complaining about the lack of GPIO labeling on the top of the board. Raspberry Pi provides an extensive amount of documentation on its website to address this, but pointing-and-clicking, or thumbing through paperwork when you have a hot soldering iron in your hands isn’t often desirable.

Lastly, the lack of I/O pin headers is something of an issue for some, as it means less convenience when swapping I/O components. This minor annoyance can be solved via the use of leads, soldering the component wiring directly to the Pico, or using a breadboard.

If you’ve been using microcontrollers or small electronics for any period of time, then an unpopulated board is most likely a non-issue. Of course, you could also add your own pin headers if you plan on regular experimentation with different external components.

The final rub with the Pico is the micro-USB port. With many other microcontrollers like the Portenta H7 moving toward USB-C, Raspberry Pi's micro-USB port seems dated.

Logically however, the decision to use micro-USB makes sense. It was done by Raspberry Pi to keep costs as low as possible, and to keep interface capability almost universal. Everyone we know has at least a few micro-USB cables tucked away somewhere in their homes.

However, with future versions, a USB-C interface would be a nice addition to an already spectacular package.

Related: A Beginners Guide To Breadboarding With Raspberry Pi

Programming the Raspberry Pi Pico

Interfacing with the Pi Pico can be done via C/C++, or via MicroPython in the Read-Eval-Print-Loop or REPL (pronounced “Reh-pul”). The REPL is essentially a command line interface that runs line-by-line code in a loop.

In order to access the REPL, you’ll need to install MicroPython onto the Pico. This process is simple and only involves four steps.

Installing MicroPython

Download MicroPython for Raspberry Pi Pico from the Raspberry Pi Website

Connect the Pico to your computer via micro-USB while holding the BOOTSEL button

Wait for the Pico to appear as an external drive

Copy the MicroPython file to the Pi Pico, and it will automatically reboot

You can access the REPL in a number of ways. We used the screen command in a macOS terminal window to access the serial bus connected to the Pico. To accomplish this with Terminal, you’ll first open a new terminal window, then type ls /dev/tty*

From there, find the port where the Pico is connected. It should be labeled something like /dev/tty.usbmodem0000000000001. Then run the command:

screen /dev/tty.usbmodem0000000000001

Your cursor should change. Hit Return and the cursor will change again to >>>.

In the image below we've included the classic Hello World (Hello, Pico) command-line program in the REPL, along with a few lines of code that will turn the Pico's LED on and off. Feel free to try them yourself.

For more information, we recommend you invest in the official starter guide to MicroPython that Raspberry Pi has published on their website.

Download: MicroPython for Raspberry Pi Pico (free)

Using the Raspberry Pi Pico With Thonny

If you’re looking for a more proper coding environment, the Raspberry Pi Pico will also allow access to the REPL with Thonny. To enable this feature, first download and install Thonny. Once installed, connect your Pi Pico. Open Thonny and you'll see information indicating your Pico is connected in the Shell.

At the bottom right of the screen, you should see a version of Python. Click this version and select MicroPython (Raspberry Pi Pico) from the drop-down menu.

Now you can type commands into the Shell, or you can use Thonny’s editor to write or import multiple lines of code.

The abundance of interface possibilities make the Raspberry Pi Pico easy to program. For those who are familiar with MicroPython, this should be nothing new. For beginners, however, Thonny provides a powerful interface and debugger to get started with programming.

Download: Thonny (Free) Windows | Mac

Should I Buy the Raspberry Pi Pico?

The Raspberry Pi Pico is a powerful budget board that is perfect for hobbyists, or makers just starting out with microcontrollers. The documentation, low cost, and wide range of possibilities for the Pico also make it a great choice for seasoned small electronics wizards. If you’re a DIYer who loves to tinker, or you just want to challenge yourself to a weekend project, then you’ll love playing with the Pico.

On the other hand, if you don't have one or more projects in mind that need a microcontroller, then this board is probably not for you. Also, if your project needs Wi-Fi connectivity or Bluetooth, then the Pico won’t scratch that itch. And finally, for users who aren’t comfortable learning MicroPython, or exploring C/C++, the Pico isn't ideal. And remember: this Raspberry Pi is not like the others. It will not run a full Linux operating system.

But, if you dream in Python, or if you love the smell of solder, then you won't regret grabbing this tiny powerhouse. Most of all, if the sight of the sports-car-sleek RP2040 gets your creative gears turning, then we think you’ll really benefit from picking up the Pico.

Serving up Several Sweet Possibilities

While it isn’t perfect, the Raspberry Pi Pico is a strong entry into the world of microcontrollers. The reputation that Raspberry Pi has built for quality electronic components at a relatively low price extends to the Pico.

It’s everything a Raspberry Pi should be: small, sweet, and superb. It’s beautifully designed, and extremely inexpensive. But the best part isn’t the looks or the low cost.

The best part about this small wonder is picking it up, and holding it in your hands. It's feeling the tug of electronic inspiration. It's realizing just how powerful the Pico is, and what it means for microcontrollers going forward.

And truthfully, we think it's amazing that something as small as the Pico can offer so many unique possibilities.

A Peek at the Pico, Raspberry Pi's Newest Petite Powerhouse published first on http://droneseco.tumblr.com/

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planetarduino · 6 years ago

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Fablab Saigon Celebrates a Belated Arduino Day

Okay, we’ve just left May and stepped into June, why are we talking about Arduino Day — traditionally a March 16th event where makers congregate and share projects? I live in Ho Chi Minh City, and the event tends to take place in mid-May, but the enthusiasm and collaborative spirit are just as strong. Organized by the awesome local maker group Fablab Saigon with the venue provided by Intek Institute, there were some neat projects on display along with some talks from local companies.

The first thing that struck me about the event was how young the maker movement is here – most attendees were still in high school or early university. By contrast, I was 23 when I first learned to use AVR microcontrollers with assembly language (by the time Arduino started to get traction the boat effectively missed me). I couldn’t help but feel like a bit of a relic, at least until we all started talking excitedly about robots (I had brought a couple). It seems that geeking out about electronics is the great equalizer which knows no age limits.

Tesla Coils, Blinking Circuits, and Robot Races

Among the projects on display was this low-power Tesla coil, happily making small sparks, turning on CCFL bulbs in its immediate vicinity, and generating a bit of plasma too.

There was a learn to solder workshop for attendees to join in anytime and produce artful dead-bug style transistor multivibrator circuits.

Many of you will be familiar with the astable multivibrator circuit seen here as a popular introduction to electronics and soldering. But if you’re not, it’s a good place to start as you’ll learn about several different components, and the result has blinking lights… while leaving your Arduino free to be used in other projects! Someone had also brought in a bit of a show-and-tell on using GSM modules here.

Next there was a workshop where rover-style robots were built from a locally developed STEM education kit called GaraStem. Fundamentally, it’s a tacklebox filled with instructions, laser-cut chassis parts, an Arduino compatible board and sensors, and an Android control application for your smartphone. It looked easy and fun to work with, and I wish that STEM robot kits like this were available when I was a kid. I can’t help but feel a little jealous – all we had in my area when I was in high school was the occasional science fair!

Of course, any time more than one remote controlled robot is in the same place, a race is necessary and we got right to that. Entirely by coincidence, the floors were painted in a way that sort of looked like a racetrack.

Talks from Hardware Startups

Besides the projects and workshops, there was a track of talks from local companies on what they’ve been up to. One of them, called Indruino, designs their own Arduino boards for use in industrial environments, along with all the bells and whistles that requires. They had a good demo of a speed controller for a 3-phase motor, and talked about what they’ve done to make the platform suitable for industrial use.

At the very least, I could tell that their boards made ample use of optoisolators, secure connectors, and high quality shielded DC-DC converters. According to their pamphlet, they’ve already deployed in a number of factories, with industrial touchscreens and a freeze-drying system controller — not surprising as freeze dried foods is an industry that has really been taking off in Vietnam the last few years and designing what you can locally is a good move.

Vulcan Augmentics, a local startup that designs modular prosthetic limbs was there to present their work on practical human-machine interfaces. For a variety of reasons, there are quite a few amputees of all ages in Vietnam, and so any effort to better serve them is certainly appreciated. Unfortunately, their prosthetic limbs were either overseas or in use at the time, so I couldn’t examine the hardware. Nonetheless, it’s a nice example of how the skills we learn as a hobby can one day develop to the point where we can make a positive impact on another person’s life.

I presented some IoT use cases and demos, many of which I’ve written about here, along with some notes on the importance and implementation of security such as MQTT with either AES or TLS. I also talked about ways to define reliable failure states for IoT devices in case of loss of connectivity. While it’s an extreme example, you can’t have a large robot plow into a wall because the last command received before a connection loss was ‘go forward’! Of course, there exists the argument that we shouldn’t be connecting dangerous robots to the Internet frivolously in the first place, but it’s not very interesting and the lessons in control systems still apply. It was good fun and no robot, human, or architecture was harmed.

Chúc mừng sinh nhật Arduino!

Even the Cake was High Tech

At the end of the day, there was the requisite cake (strawberry jam). The local bakeries have something like a type of marzipan sheet that they can print on at a surprisingly good resolution, and the cake featured some pretty good imagery as a result.

The event wrapped up with a trivia competition, with some kits that had been donated as prizes for the highest scores.

Overall the sense of community at the event was strong, and despite the fairly high attendance it was well organized. My hat is off to Fablab Saigon for putting it together.

Fablab Saigon Celebrates a Belated Arduino Day was originally published on PlanetArduino

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fazeupmag-blog · 6 years ago

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New Post has been published on Fazeup

New Post has been published on https://www.fazeup.tk/2019/05/high-5-issues-you-want-to-learn-about-next-gen-arm-processors/

High 5 issues you want to learn about next-gen Arm processors

Following our briefing at Arm Tech Day 2019 and coinciding with the kick off of Computex 2019, Arm has unveiled two key new entries in its CPU and GPU lineup. The Arm Cortex-A77 takes high-end CPU efficiency to new heights. In the meantime, the brand new flagship Mali-G77 GPU marks the daybreak of a brand new graphics structure as Valhall replaces Bifrost. No, that’s not a typo, the trendy Scandinavian spelling doesn’t have an ‘a’ on the finish. Who knew?

For those who’re after all of the nitty-gritty particulars, remember to take a look at our deep dives on each the Cortex-A77 and Mali-G77. For those who’re simply after the important thing takeaways from Arm’s newest bulletins, you then’re in the appropriate place.

Count on 20-30 % extra efficiency next-gen

Subsequent-generation processors are all the time focusing on higher efficiency and within the case of Arm with out growing energy consumption. The brand new Cortex-A77 targets a roughly 20 % efficiency enchancment over the Cortex-A76 when utilizing the identical processing node and clock speeds. That’s additionally whereas sticking in the identical energy envelope and a touch bigger silicon space measurement as properly. We may see just a few extra proportion factors of enchancment when SoCs transfer to improved 7nm processes, however about 20 % is the ballpark uplift for subsequent 12 months.

The Mali-G77 is a bit more aggressive on the efficiency beneficial properties. The brand new GPU structure boasts about 30 % higher efficiency power effectivity and efficiency density over the Mali-G76. Producers may even lay down extra GPU silicon to spice up efficiency additional. Factoring this in and new course of enhancements heading our approach, Arm expects that Mali-G77 efficiency can attain as much as 40 % increased than the G76. That’s a fairly large deal given Qualcomm Adreno’s perceived efficiency lead in cell in the intervening time.

The Cortex-A77 builds on the A76 design

The Arm Cortex-A77 is a direct successor to final 12 months’s high-end Cortex-A76. We’ll virtually definitely see 4 of those new CPUs inside 2020’s flagship smartphones, paired up with 4 power effectivity Cortex-A55.

The most important adjustments to the microarchitecture are discovered within the department prediction cache and a beefed up skill to deal with six directions per cycle, up from 4. There additionally a brand new ALU and Department unit contained in the execution core. Ignoring the technobabble, the important thing factor to grasp is that the Cortex-A77 goals to maintain the CPU higher fed with knowledge for sooner throughput. That is performed by decreasing bottlenecks within the earliest phases of the CPUs hardware after which boosting the variety of executions that the core can deal with without delay.

Vast throughput was already the secret with the Cortex-A76, and the A77 improves on this formulation additional. A extra thorough rationalization of the technical adjustments is discovered within the deep dive.

Valhall is a serious change to Arm’s GPUs

Whereas the Cortex-A77 is an iterative CPU design, the Mali-G77 is a brand new GPU design from Arm. Bifrost is out and Vahall is in, and efficiency may be as much as 40 % increased because of this.

The important thing to the Mali-G77’s enhancements is discovered within the execution unit. Reasonably than working three (or two within the case of the Mali-G52) execution items in every core with Bifrost, the Mali-G77 options only a single new execution core with two beefed up processing items inside. There’s additionally a brand new Quad Texture Mapper and devoted directions for machine studying workloads that may increase efficiency by 60 %.

The Mali-G77 will seem in core configurations starting from 7 to 16 cores. Smartphone designs will possible fall someplace within the center, as every core is roughly the identical measurement because the G76. Though owing to the brand new core design, it’s going to be more durable to match efficiency between generations based mostly on core rely alone.

Mali-D77 solves some large VR issues

The Mali-D77 show processor was introduced a few weeks in the past, so remember to take a look at our protection for the nitty-gritty. The Mali-D77 is designed particularly for digital actuality headsets. It gained’t be showing in smartphones. However, it’s an attention-grabbing piece of expertise that ought to produce first rate efficiency enhancements within the VR market.

This show processor options hardware assist for picture re-projection and Asynchronous Timewarp to scale back motion replace latency and fight movement illness. The D77 additionally performs lens correction and fixes chromatic aberration with out taking on GPU cycles, releasing as much as 15 % transfer GPU assets for increased body charges.

Arm is scorching on machine studying however is protecting quiet

Everyone knows that Arm has its personal machine studying processor, however the firm is protecting a lot of its secret sauce below wraps. What we do know is that every machine studying core is able to 4TOPS of throughput, so a two or three cores places you in Apple A12 vary. The core contains a big fused-multiple accumulate (FMA) math unit and a second extra basic objective core based mostly on an Arm microcontroller, paired with 1MB SRAM. Nevertheless, the corporate wouldn’t say if this core is nearer to a Cortex-M0 or M7 by way of efficiency.

Scalable at as much as 32 cores, Arm’s machine studying hardware is designed for the whole lot from very low energy functions and telephones, proper as much as cloud processing. The corporate is working with just a few companions, however we’ll simply have to attend and see if any names are ever made public.

All-in-all Arm continues to push the efficiency boundaries within the low-power compute area. With this attempt for increased efficiency, the corporate is more and more pushing into the laptop computer class efficiency market, and people related laptops are positively a part of the roadmap. Arm’s strategy isn’t nearly uncooked energy although. The corporate continues to enhance the heterogeneous compute capabilities of its processors, permitting for neural community and different compute hungry duties to run effectively throughout CPU, GPU, DPU, and its machine studying processors. For sure, subsequent 12 months’s smartphone SoCs might be even higher than ever earlier than.

Supply

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engineercity · 7 years ago

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Новости сайта #ENGINEERING - 工程

New Post has been published on http://engineer.city/microcontroller-family-expands-with-up-to-512kb-of-flash-memory/

Microcontroller family expands with up to 512KB of flash memory

Toshiba Electronics has announced the launch of the second M3H group in the TXZ family of low-power, high-speed microcontrollers based on the Arm Cortex-M3 core.

The new M3H devices incorporate analog circuits and the wide range of basic functions required to support comprehensive motor control for applications in consumer and industrial devices. The line-up includes a range of 64 to 144-pin packages, 256 to 512KB of flash memory, and 32KB data flash memory. The operating frequency is 80MHz, twice the speed of the first M3H group. Integrated features include high-precision analog circuits such as a 12 bit ADC converter with 1.5μs conversion speed with up to 21 channels, and an 8 bit, 2 channel, DAC. Toshiba’s Advanced-Programmable Motor Driver (A-PMD), a single channel motor control circuit that provides inverter control of brushless DC motors is also built-in. The IC also incorporates versatile general-purpose peripheral circuitry including up to 6 UART channels, 2-4 channel I2C, 1-5 channels TSPI, and multiple channels of 16 and 32 bit timers. In addition there is a built-in self-diagnosis function that checks the reference voltage in the ADC, a RAM parity function to detect errors during memory reads, and a single channel CRC calculation circuit that contributes to reducing software processing loads to comply with the IEC 60730 functional safety standard. The microcontrollers require a power supply of 2.7 to 5.5V and operate from -40 to 85°C.

Tags:

Microcontrollers

Images:

Categories:

Electronics

Components

Source: engineerlive.com

#engineering #Новости

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kirkaccion-blog · 7 years ago

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Assignment 2

Kirk Edja B. Accion

BSCS - 3A

Moisture Sensor with Automated Irrigation System Powered By Solar Energy

C.A

The most common structure of the paper is that in review literature part they are more on methodological review rather than the other two which is theoretical review and chronological review. However, 2 of the paper I read they are theoretical review based.

C.B

Optimum Water Content - based on what I research it is the water content at which a maximum dry weight can be achieved after a give compaction effort.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_water_content_for_tillage

Loam Soil - based on what I research it is a mix of sand, clay, and various organic materials. This type of soil is called "Rich Soil".

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam

ADC 0809- it is a device that device eliminates the need for external zero and full-scale adjustments.

Source: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/adc0808-n.pdf

Zigbee - is specification is IEEE 802 it is use for a suite of high-level communication protocols and with this you can be able to create a personal network, low-power.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee

Model predictive control(MPC) - is an optimal control strategy based on numerical optimization over a finite horizon

Source: J. Maciejowski, Predictive Control with Constraints, Prentice Hall, London, UK, 1st edition, 2000.

Microcontroller ATMEGA328 - The picoPower ATmega328PB is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328PB achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz. This empowers system designers to optimize the device for power consumption versus processing speed.

Source:https://www.avnet.com/shop/apac/p/atmega328pbmu3074457345631993838?r= ASIA&&CMP=AVNET-APAC-PPC-GG-EN-AVE14-SKU-918002380- 47626144482- 92017

PIC16F87AA microcontroller - PIC microcontrollers are a family of specialized microcontroller chips produced by Microchip Technology in Chandler, Arizona. The acronym PIC stands for "peripheral interface controller,"

Source: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/PIC-microcontrollers

C.C

C.C.A.

Wheat plants that were irrigated automatically had higher photosynthesis rates compared to the manually irrigated ones[1]. the evidence of this on is the graphical reports that they have shown in Figure.10-11.

DIM has little or no water losses through conveyance[3]. basically the evidence of this are from a person who on water industry and he was able to gather amount of data to be able to come up with this prediction.

C.C.B.

Sprinkler irrigation (SIM) methods differ in many important parameters such as flow rate, pressure requirement, wetted area and mobility, price [5]. this is because you can't estimate how much amount of water sprinkler will release. In addition, the initial installing of sprinkler will cost vast amount of cash and it would be hard for the farmers especially in the Philippines.

In the modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved [6].

C.C.C.

The term water use efficiency is based on the assumption that a plant with high water use efficiency should have a greater productivity under water-limited conditions than would a plant with low water use efficiency [6]. In the result and discussion they were able to conclude that it is much better to use drip irrigation rather than sprinkler.

The system has the potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated area[7]. because this papers was conducted in a isolated area and with this study it improves sustainability.

C.C.D.

This experiment found that the speed of sound decreases with the moisture content following, depending on the kind of soil[8].

Recent advances in microelectronics and wireless technologies created low-cost and low-power components, which are important issues especially for such systems such as WSN [9]. By reducing its cable restriction on the cable they were able to create a low cost and low power components

C.C.E.

World population would face total water shortage by the year 2025[2]. based on the data that he have shown it can make a predict on what will happen in the future year.

In the past decades, factory automation has been developed worldwide into a very attractive research area. Because our technologies nowadays are innovating really fast and with this factory owner was able to adopt it in use in their production.

C.C.F.

Software dedicated to sprinkler control has been variously discussed [10].

These approaches consider detailed implementation issues. Because they haven't include a model for the process dynamics and as a result controller design is simple.

C.C.G.

The relationship between the use of water at the field and at the level of irrigation system is complex [11]. This is because there are some factors involves some of these factor are hydrological, infrastructural, and economic.

Agriculture accounts for 85% of global consumptive water use, and 50% of nearly available renewable freshwater supply is consumed by human activity[12].

C.C.H

There are two important parameters to be measured for automation of irrigation system[13].these are the temperatures and the soil moisture

Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, because these systems can help save money and water conservation[14].

C.C.I

There is only about 27% of the cumulative design service area of the example of irrigation systems was actually irrigated during the dry period on the average[15]. The canal system in the Philippines are considered failure or poor because some farmers cannot get the water from the distributor.

C.C.J

Water resources have become gradually stressed in various agricultural areas in Midwestern states[16]. This is because of the increased demand of biofuel production.

Energy savings, reduced labor cost and control in fertilizer application are among some of the major advantages in adoption of automatic applications of techniques in drip irrigation systems[17]. The system will govern the production and mostly the works that need to be done.

References:

[1] TaharBoutraa, AbdellahAkhkha, AbdulkhaliqAlshuaibi,Ragheid Atta, “Evaluation of the effectivenes of an automated irrigation system using wheat crops.” Agriculture and Biology.

[2] Narayanamoorthy, A. “Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation in India: Benefits, Potentials and Future Directions”, in Upali A. Amarasinghe; Tushaar Shah and R.P.S. Malik (Eds.), India’s Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2009, pp. 253-266.

[3] Narayanamoorthy, A. . Economic Viability of Drip Irrigation: An Empirical Analysis from Maharashtra.Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.52, No.4, October-December, pp.728-739.

[4] Prateek Jain, Prakash Kumar, D.K. Palwalia, "Irrigation management system with micro-controller application", Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech) 2017 1st International Conference on, pp. 1-6, 2017.

[5] Kulkarni, S. A., Looking Beyond Eight Sprinklers. Paper presented at the National Conference on Micro-Irrigation. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India, June 3-5, 2005.

[6] Boutraa, T (2010). Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture: A review. Journal of Agronomy, 9, 1-8.

[7] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel Porta- Gándara “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module ” IEEE 2013 [8] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004

[8] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004

[9] J. S. Lee, Y. W. Su, and C. C. Shen, “A comparative study of wireless protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi,” in Proc. IEEE 33rd Annu. Conf. IECON, Nov. 2007, pp. 46–51.

[10] Y. Kim and R. G. Evans, “Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation,” Comput. Electron. Agricult., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 159–165, May 2009.

[11]. Bouman, B. A. M., Lampayan, R. M., Tuong, T. P., (2007). Water Management in Irrigated Rice: Coping with Water Scarcity, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

[12] Alliezza Jayne B. Balaga Giselle Angelee G. Cube Nico L. Duran. Microcontroller-based Soil Moisture Analyzer with Automated Watering System, Mapúa Institute of Technology September 2015 Philippines

[13] Swamy, D. K., et al, (2013). Microcontroller Based Drip Irrigation System, Volume 1 (6)

[14] Gunturi, V. N. R., (2013). Microcontroller Based Automatic Plant Irrigation System, Volume 2 (4)

[15] David, W. P., et al, (2012). Faulty Design Parameters and Criteria of Farm Water Requirements Result in Poor Performance of Canal Irrigation Systems in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, Volume 95 (2), 199-208.

[16] Irmak, S., (2014). Plant Growth and Yield as Affected by Wet Soil Conditions Due to Flooding or Over-Irrigation, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln Extension

[17] Yildirim, M., et al, (2011). An Automated Drip Irrigation System Based on Soil Electrical Conductivity, Volume 94 (4), 343-349.

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makiyang614-blog · 8 years ago

Text

What Is STM32?

With the development of technology, single-chip development tools are more and more advanced, and prices are declining. When the FLASH-type microcontroller is wide. After the application of software, it is an economical and practical experimental method to use software simulation. In recent years, many single-chip has a ISP function, as long as a download line can be programmed, no longer need programmers. SST series SST series of single-chip company is integrated simulation function, with Keil software, allows users of the target board straight Then has a simulation function, the microcontroller's ease of use to a new height.

SCM development in addition to the necessary hardware, the same can not be separated from the software, Keil software is currently the most popular development MCS-51 series of single-chip software, which in recent years STM32 core Cortex-M3 processor is a standardized micro-controller structure, want to think about what is standardized? In short, Cortex-M3 processor has 32-bit CPU , Parallel bus structure, nested interrupt vector control unit, debug system, and standard storage mapping.

Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC) is a relatively critical component of the Cortex-M3 processor, which provides a standard interrupt architecture and excellent interrupt response capability for Cortex-M3-based microcontrollers , Provides a dedicated interrupt entry for more than 240 interrupt sources, and can give each interrupt source a separate priority. With NVIC, you can achieve an extremely fast interrupt response speed, only 12 cycles from receiving an interrupt request to executing the interrupt command. This very fast response speed on the one hand thanks to the Cortex-M3 kernel stack automatic processing mechanism, this mechanism is through the internal micro-code in the CPU to achieve. On the other hand, NVIC uses a technique called "tail chain" in the event that an interrupt request occurs consecutively so that successive interrupts can be serviced in six clock cycles. In the interruption of the stack stage, higher priority interrupt can be without any additional CPU cycle can be completed embedded low priority interrupt action. The details of the details I will continue to summarize. Users can set the CPU automatically into the low power state, and use the interrupt to wake up, CPU interrupt time before it will remain sleep state. You can buy it easily, as you can buy it on electronic parts online shop.

The CPU of the Cortex-M3 supports two modes of operation: the Thread Mode and the Handler Mode. Also, note that both modes have separate stacks. This design allows developers to carry out more sophisticated programming, real-time operating system support is even better. The Cortex-M3 processor also includes a 24-bit auto-reload timer that provides a periodic interrupt for the core (RTOS). In the instruction set, ARM7 and ARM9 have two instruction sets (32-bit instruction set and 16-bit instruction set), while the Cortex-M3 series processors support the Thumb-2 instruction set. Since the Thumb-2 instruction set incorporates the Thumb instruction set and the ARM instruction set, the performance of the 32-bit instruction set and the code density of the 16-bit instruction set are balanced. Moreover, ARM Thumb-2 specifically for the C / C + + compiler design, which means that the Cortex-M3 series of processor development and application can be completed in the C language environment.

The introduction of the STM32 microcontroller marks a significant step in ST's main line (low-cost main line and high-performance main line). STM32 was originally released with 14 different models, divided into two versions: the highest CPU clock is 72MHZ "enhanced" and the highest CPU clock is 36MHZ "basic". These different STM32 models built-in Flash maximum reach 128KB, SRAM up to 20KB, at the beginning of the STM32 release, configuration larger Flash, RAM and more complex peripherals version has been in the planning of the. No matter what version, what type of STM32 devices, they are compatible with pin functions and application software. This allows the developer to use the STM32 family of microcontrollers without having to change the PCB to replace the device as needed.

Reference: how to program atmega328p

how to connect 74hc595 to arduino

#how to program atmega328pelectronic parts onlinehow to connect 74hc595 to arduino

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