#Import Data Philippines

[exportimportdataaa]

Brazil Import Export Data 2025 | Global Trade Statistics – Eximpedia

Access accurate Brazil import-export data, HS codes, major shipments, and top trade partners. Use Eximpedia to analyze Brazil’s global trade flows and grow your international business. for more info

Visit Our Page :-

https://www.eximpedia.app/global-trade-data/philippines

[philippinesimportdata]

Import Data Philippines

Import Data Philippines is one of the best ways to know the import-export trade details of the Philippines. It contains information about Philippines importers and exporters along with global buyers and suppliers that are a bonus to the global traders. It has updated and real details of shipments that arrive at the Philippines port or leave from the Philippines port.

[seairexim]

Comprehensive Philippines Export Data for Business Insights

Explore detailed Philippines export data for market trends, top exports, and trade statistics. Get the latest insights to boost your business and decision-making.

For More Info Visit: https://www.seair.co.in/global-trade-data/philippines-export-data.aspx

[anamseair]

https://www.seair.co.in/blog/philippines-top-10-imports-a-closer-look-at-the-major-products.aspx

Explore the intricacies of Philippines top import products with Seair Exim Solutions' latest blog. Gain valuable insights into the major products shaping the nation's trade landscape.

[bobbiedlifeinphil]

PSA Severe Data Breach

[tradeimexpvt]

What do the Philippines import from the USA?

The Philippines imports a variety of goods from the United States. While specific import data can vary over time, some common categories of imports from the USA to the Philippines include:

Machinery and Equipment: This category includes industrial machinery, electrical machinery, and equipment used in various sectors such as manufacturing and construction.

Electronic Products: The Philippines imports electronic products like computers, semiconductors, electronic components, and telecommunications equipment.

Mineral Fuels and Oils: Imports of mineral fuels, including petroleum products, play a significant role in the Philippines' energy needs and industrial activities.

Agricultural Products: The USA exports agricultural products like wheat, soybeans, meat (such as pork and poultry), dairy products, and processed foods to the Philippines.

Transportation Equipment: This category includes vehicles like automobiles, trucks, and aircraft, along with associated parts and accessories.

Chemical Products: The Philippines imports various chemical products from the USA, including pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and chemical-related commodities.

Plastics and Rubber Products: Imports in this category encompass plastics, rubber, and related products used in manufacturing and consumer goods production.

Optical and Medical Instruments: The Philippines imports optical, photographic, and medical instruments, as well as precision instruments and apparatus.

Metal and Metal Products: This category includes iron and steel products, aluminum, and other metal goods used in manufacturing and construction.

Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles: This category covers a range of goods like furniture, toys, games, sports equipment, and other manufactured items.

Please note that the Philippines import data can change over time due to economic conditions, trade agreements, and shifts in demand. To obtain the most up-to-date and accurate information about the Philippines' imports from the USA, I recommend consulting official trade statistics sources such as the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) or relevant government agencies in both countries.

Visit:- https://medium.com/@tradeimexsolution/philippines-imports-and-export-reports-and-analysis-e7e1dc6e7719

[tradeimex1]

Philippines Import Data

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the difficult geopolitical environment is escalating the economic crisis. According to the Philippines import data decreased by USD 20,32,662.25 in 2023. They are significant importers of transport machinery, mineral fuels, and electrical goods. China, the United States, Japan, and Taiwan are some of their top import partners.

[qewssxx]

“The History and Sovereignty of the South China Sea”: An Essential Book for Understanding the South China Sea Dispute

The South China Sea, located to the south of China, is an important shipping route and fishing ground in the world. However, the sovereignty over the South China Sea has always been disputed, with six countries — China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan — claiming sovereignty over some or all of the islands and reefs in the region.

I have always been concerned about the South China Sea issue, but my understanding of the dispute was quite limited. Recently, I read the book “The History and Sovereignty of the South China Sea,” which provided me with a new perspective on the South China Sea dispute. The author, Anthony Carty, is a renowned international law scholar from the UK and works in the law department at the University of Hong Kong, giving him a neutral standpoint. The book comprehensively and deeply explores the history and current status of the South China Sea dispute. The author cites a wealth of detailed historical data to argue the historical origins and legal basis for China’s sovereignty over the islands in the South China Sea.

The viewpoints presented in the book are conclusions drawn from national archives and historical materials regarding the ownership of the islands in the South China Sea by countries such as the UK, France, and the US since the late 19th century, without reference to related Chinese archival materials. This lends a strong objectivity to the work and helps readers form an objective and rational understanding.

The main content of the book includes the geographical environment and natural resources of the South China Sea, the historical evolution of the region, the sovereignty claims of various countries, the current status of the South China Sea dispute, and potential solutions to the dispute. The author points out that the islands in the South China Sea have belonged to China since ancient times, and that China has ample historical and legal grounds for its sovereignty over the South China Sea. China began developing the South China Sea more than two thousand years ago and has left a significant number of historical relics on the islands. Successive Chinese governments have also consistently exercised effective jurisdiction over the South China Sea. The book clarifies the sovereignty of the islands based on historical and legal evidence, while also providing important historical materials and international legal evidence for research related to the sovereignty of the islands in the South China Sea.

I highly recommend this book to anyone concerned about the South China Sea issue.

[teenage-preggy-orlando]

Growing Up and Growing a Baby

Teenage pregnancy refers to a situation when a girl between the ages of 13 and 19 becomes pregnant. This usually happens during the teenage years, which is a time of significant physical, emotional, and mental growth. There are many reasons why teenage pregnancy occurs, such as not having access to birth control, peer pressure, engaging in sexual activity at a young age, and insufficient sex education. It can cause health risks for both the teenage mother and her baby, and it leads to social and economic issues, like delayed education and financial problems.

It's important not to normalize teenage pregnancy because it has a huge impact on individuals, families, and communities. This has an impact on health, education and the economy, and is a serious social issue. When young mothers don’t have access to prenatal care, both they and their children can develop health problems. Stigma and social barriers can also affect the mental health of teenage mothers. By focusing on education, ensuring access to health care and supporting young mothers in the community, we can help to ensure better futures for teen mothers and their children, and in turn, for everyone in society.

According to the World Health Organization, each year, approximately 21 million girls aged 15 to 19 in developing regions become pregnant, with about 12 million giving birth. In 2023, the global adolescent birth rate was 41.3 births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19, a decline from 64.5 per 1,000 in 2000 (WHO, 2024). In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 25% of young women give birth before age 18, while in South Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean, the figure is about 10% (UNICEF, 2024).

Now in the Philippines, Statista declared that The adolescent fertility rate in the Philippines was approximately 48.2% births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19 in 2021, reflecting a decrease from previous years. According to data, in 2022, 3,135 girls under 15 years old gave birth in the Philippines, a 35% increase from 2,320 in 2021 (Save the Children, 2024). While, in 2023, adolescent mothers comprised 9.82% of the total 1.45 million births among all ages in the country (Rappler, 2025). These statistics reveal the existing issues surrounding teenage pregnancy, signifying the urgent need for sex education, accessible reproductive health services, and supportive policies to tackle the problem effectively. It shows that this issue is not only seen nationwide but also internationally. Though discussions about teenage pregnancy can be controversial among Filipinos, it's important to admit the importance of addressing this topic. Talking about teenage pregnancy is a necessity and a need. By increasing awareness, we can help prevent cycles of poverty, boost community engagement, and support better policies that aid adolescent reproductive health.

What are the effects of teenage pregnancy?

Teen mothers experience some health risks during pregnancy and even after giving birth. Teenagers' bodies are still in development, and pregnancy may put added pressure on their physical well-being. Teen mothers are at greater risk of complications like gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (a severe pregnancy condition), and anemia. There is also an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight babies, which can lead to developmental issues and chronic illness for the child. These health risks are also increased by the reality that teens may not always receive adequate pre-natal care, either due to ignorance or unavailability of healthcare, and this can lead to further complications. Postpartum recovery can also be harder for teen mothers since they might not be physically prepared to cope with the recovery process, which entails healing from childbirth and adjusting to the needs of having a newborn.

The emotional and psychological effects of teen pregnancy can be intense. Teens are still in the process of developing emotionally and mentally, and the pressure of pregnancy and motherhood can have long-term impacts on their mental well-being. Teenage mothers are also more prone to being socially isolated because they may be stigmatized by their friends or families for having become pregnant early. Additionally, teen mothers can also struggle to balance the child's and their own needs, which creates emotional tensions and affects their psychological well-being in a negative manner. This may lead to the poor development of good relationships or individual development aspirations as their focus is typically drawn to child rearing.

Pregnant teenagers need to be educated about the importance of fetal movements and what to do if there is a change in the pattern of fetal movements. The earlier a baby is born, the more risk there is of respiratory, digestive, vision, cognitive, and other problems. Teens are at higher risk of having low-birth-weight babies. Pre-mature babies are more likely to weigh less than they should. In part, that’s because they've had less time in the womb to grow. A low-birth-weight baby weighs only 3.3 to 5.5 pounds. A very low-birth-weight baby weighs less than 3.3 pounds. Babies that small may need to be put on a ventilator in a hospital's neonatal care unit for help with breathing after birth. According to the National Institute of Health, teenage pregnancy can have a major effect on the baby in the short term, including risks for: anemia, toxemia (also known as pre-eclampsia), high blood pressure, placenta previa (placenta blocks the cervix), and pre-mature birth of the baby.

Many teen mothers end up dropping out of school, which hurts the amount they can earn long term. According to the Center of Disease Control, households with teen parents are more likely to be raised in single-parent families, with money being at the center of many other issues. These challenges include getting less education and worse behavioral and physical health outcomes. One area where peer pressure can have a particularly strong effect is in the realm of teenage pregnancy. With the desire to fit in and be accepted by their peers, young people may find themselves succumbing to the pressures of their social group and engaging in risky sexual behavior. Teenage pregnancy is a complex issue that can be influenced by various factors, including cultural norms and values. In many cultures around the world, there are specific beliefs and customs that may contribute to the higher rates of teenage pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancies are a global problem –they occur in high-, middle-, and low-income countries.

What can we do to combat this growing issue?

Complete sex education in communities and schools is one of the best strategies to stop teen pregnancy. Teenagers are better prepared to make decisions when they are given accurate and age-appropriate information on human sexuality, reproductive health, and responsible decision-making. Responsible decision-making and self-awareness are fostered by teaching about consent, healthy relationships, and respect for individual limits. By discussing the negative effects of unprotected sex, such as STIs and unintended pregnancies, teens are more equipped to understand the dangers and adopt the appropriate safety measures. Young people are better equipped to negotiate complicated social dynamics and make wise decisions when candid conversations regarding peer pressure and cultural impacts on sexual behavior are promoted.

In order to lower birth rates, teens must have easy access to private contraception treatments. Making educated decisions is made possible by educating them about the several forms of contraception, including IUDs, birth control pills, and condoms. Healthcare professionals should provide encouraging, non-judgmental advice, and government initiatives can help make contraception accessible and accessible for all teenagers. A strong support system plays a critical role in preventing teenage pregnancies and assisting young mothers. Families, educational institutions, and community organizations must collaborate to create an environment where teenagers feel supported and guided. Families encourage open communication and guidance, which has an impact on teens' decisions about relationships and reproductive health. Teens can make responsible decisions and concentrate on their schooling and future objectives if their parents talk to them about values, expectations, and the dangers of being pregnant too young.

Adolescent pregnancy is still a significant problem that impacts not just young mothers, but also their offspring and community at. As mentioned, the reasons for teenage pregnancy arise from multiple factors, such as inadequate sexual education, social pressure, and restricted availability of contraception. The effects can be significant, affecting the physical and emotional health of teenage mothers, along with the welfare and future prospects of their offspring. To tackle this problem, it is vital to emphasize thorough sex education, enhance access to contraceptives, and bolster community and family support networks. By raising awareness and offering essential resources, we can help lower the incidence of teenage pregnancy and assist young mothers in tackling the difficulties they encounter.

Let’s collaborate to disrupt the cycle by promoting improved education, minimizing stigma, and providing assistance to those who require it. By working together, we can build a community that enables every teenager to make knowledgeable decisions for a healthier and more promising future!

[script-a-world]

Submitted via Google Form:

What is the earliest point in evolution could humans evolve written language? Let's say biologically, human evolution was similar to reality, could say Neanderthals have written language already? Like before civilisations began? Also, written language is certainly not only for the elite. In fact, it got started in various families and then got spread among the tribes. So we have thousands of different tribes and familes across the world - each with their own languages and writing systems. Of course, there are some similarities as people have travelled a bit and met neighbouring tribes. So basically before society was properly formed into civilisations, there should already be writing but civilisation is actually what prodded society to centralise communications and languages. Does this work? Basically, I just want a society that had writing from much earlier on than reality and figuring out how it could have been done.

Tex: Writing is developed, much like any other tool, as a function of necessity. If it’s not necessary for a society to develop it, then writing won’t exist for them. Civilisation is also, as a concept, prone to periodic re-defining as we accumulate more data and our perceptions of the data shift (for example, one could define the pinnacle of civilisation as taxes, where before another defined it as religion). Writing also has exceptionally little to do with biology as writing is a social construct meant to fill a void found in one’s culture. Consequentially, writing can also encompass a broad range of intentional markings that demonstrate specific meanings, from tally marks, to standardized pictures, to ideograms, to glyphs. What does your world need writing for? What niche does it fill? What were the people using as its predecessor, and what happened to cause them to change systems? Did the scope of their needs change, or did the perception of their needs change? What information is important for them to record, on a societal and personal level? Who teaches writing? Who learns it? What is the method of transmission, and for those that teach writing, is it their sole occupation or something on the side?

Utuabzu: Writing is old. Really old. At least 5000 years old. This seems a long time, but humans have been living in permanent settlements and practicing forms of agriculture in West Asia for about 9000 years. Homo sapiens has been around for at least 300,000 years. But only in the last few thousand years, in a handful of places, did humans independently come up with the idea that the spoken word could be preserved using symbols that others could be trained to decipher.

The earliest writing as far as we can tell is cuneiform, from Sumeria in what is now southern Iraq. It may or may not have had some influence on the development of Egyptian hieroglyphs from pictographs to an actual script - we have found Sumerian cylinder seals in very early Egyptian sites, indicating that the two groups were in contact. But from these two points the idea of writing spread through the Mediterranean and West Asia. The Indus Valley civilisation also used a script, but we are unable to decipher it and have relatively few examples to work from, so we cannot tell if it even is a true script or if it predates contact with Sumeria.*

Shang Dynasty China also developed the earliest form of Chinese script from the Oracle Bone tradition not long after this. This also spread, together with Chinese ideas, agricultural and governmental practices across much of eastern Asia.

Meanwhile cuneiform script was adopted by a wide range of cultures in West Asia, and inspired other scripts like Elamite, Old Persian and Ugaritic, which while using similar shapes were structured very differently. Egyptian hieroglyphs inspired Anatolian hieroglyphs and were later in the early Iron Age the basis that the Phoenician alphabet** - ancestor of alphabetic, abjad and abugida scripts from the Philippines to Iceland - was derived from.

Another place we see writing develop entirely independently is in Central America, where a pictographic system was employed from the Olmec period all the way through to the 16th Century, but only became a true script in the Mayan region [at time, need to check when]. The system employed elsewhere in Mesoamerica did not have the capacity to accurately render speech, so far as we are aware.***

There are also a handful of other instances that might or might not be examples of true scripts developing entirely independently, from rorotongo on Rapanui to the quipus of the Andes to [pretty sure there's one in central africa, but can't remember the name just now]. We simply don't have enough information to be certain about any of them. Oftentimes, because the media they were written on does not survive all that well, or was deliberately destroyed.

But something you should bear in mind is that complex societies don't necessarily require writing for a lot of their history. Many of the most impressive cultures of the ancient world were not widely or at all literate. There's no indication that the Mississippian culture that built sites like Cahokia had writing, nor did Teotihuacán or the various cultures of the Andes. There's no evidence of writing at Great Zimbabwe, nor at Jomon sites in Japan.

Even in cultures that did have writing, it was frequently not a widely known skill. Your average ancient Egyptian couldn't read hieroglyphs, and Chinese hanzi still take years to master. This is part of why so many traditional scripts were displaced in the 19th and early 20th century. Most people couldn't read them and when authorities decided to use Roman or Cyrillic or something else in mass education, it very quickly became much more widely understood than the traditional script.

To my knowledge, there's no examples of a pre-agricultural society developing writing independently. Some have derived scripts from those they came into contact with, or made entirely unique ones inspired by writing they knew of. But so far as I am aware, none have ever created a script entirely from scratch with no prior exposure to the concept of writing.

*the Sumerians appear to have called the Indus Valley Civilisation 'Meluhha', and were actively trading with it from at least the Bronze Age. Ur III records even tell of a colony of Meluhha merchants at Guabba, near Lagaš, and Sumerian cylinder seals have been found in Indus Valley sites.

**actually an abjad.

*** the conquistadors burned almost all pre Columbian codices, so we can't ever be 100% certain that no other variants of the system developed into true scripts. But it's unlikely.

[dailyanarchistposts]

Anthropology and anarchism — ethical issues

Objectivity

All knowledge reflects a particular socio-cultural context, and this is as true of anthropological knowledge as anything else. In recent years therefore we have become increasingly critical of the idea of a pure value free objectivity, in social or any other form of science. As the physicist Heisenberg wisely noted we do not have a science of nature but a science of human knowledge about nature. In anthropology therefore we recognise that, like the other social sciences, we interpret observed data and recognise the difficulties of being objective. An important question arising out of the above topic is the extent to which anthropologists have knowingly or unknowingly been manipulators or exploiters of the innocent. There are three main areas:

The role of government and the ethics of anthropologists

1) the original motivation for anthropological data collection was presumably to find out how 'the natives' think and act. Although some funding came from museums and universities much came, and continues to come from governments and corporations, either directly or indirectly, and they are hardly likely to do this through pure love of knowledge but to facilitate the direction and regulation of peoples concerned. In the United States and Canada much of the impetus for investigation of the Indigenous people and Inuit{3} arose from the government's desire to manage them with the minimum of fuss. Later anthropologists invaded the Pacific Islands as American interests expanded, particularly Micronesia, Polynesia, and the Philippines. At the same time, they entered Latin America, part of America's neo-colonial empire since the Monroe Doctrine was promulgated.

The same pattern applies to the French in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco, and to British colonial policy. Government encouraged ethnographic research as an aid to policy making for their own interests. Evans-Pritchard's now famous study of the Nuer would never have been carried out had that splendidly recalcitrant people did not pose a vexing problem to British administrators. Portugal alone of the colonial powers surviving to the twentieth century never developed any significant anthropological study. And much of what is today known as applied anthropology entails studies explicitly directed toward finding ways in which people can best be adjusted to and assimilated into the contemporary world.

Many anthropologists of course dissociate themselves from these conservative motivations. They are among the most outspoken defenders of disadvantaged peoples. One near universal result of fieldwork is that the investigator returns home a defender, if not an advocate of the people he has studied. However, regardless of his motivations, attitudes or sources of finance, anything published may be used by anyone else including governments and corporations. And it remains true that in the past anthropology has been too closely wed to imperialism and other great power sources.

2) It can be argued, and has been, that the anthropologist is simply making a personal career at the expense, one way or another, of a local population. There is an element of truth in this which is probably why so many become advocates of the people they have studied and whom they are aware they can never fully repay. But relationships are by definition reciprocal. Field workers often see learning how they might serve the community to be part of the job. And it is not unknown for members of such communities to exploit the anthropologist. It is also quite common to find a community themselves acquiring an interest in the project, learning from it and gaining considerable satisfaction and prestige by their participation. In sum the anthropologist is always engaged in an asymmetrical form of reciprocity. One can hardly have a balanced exchange and equal gain for both sides when the relationship is unequal to begin with and the dominant party is transient as well.

3) Another ethical issue affecting the anthropologist's rapport is the extent to which deceit is employed to facilitate acceptance and obtain information. Almost every anthropologist faces problems in trying to explain to informants why he or she is among them. In the majority of cultural contexts, the whole idea of anthropology and anything related to it is utterly foreign. So, some anthropologists might say they wish to learn the language (true but only partly so) or that they wish to study the history of the people. Deceit may find its way into other research activities as well. A suspicious shaman or medicine man might be told that information is desired from him which can be used in curing illnesses in other parts of the world. For public relations purposes certain anthropologists have joined in the performance of religious rituals when they have totally different religious beliefs but wish to make it appear they were believers. In recent years anthropological organisations have become very sensitive to the problem of deceit and of protecting the anonymity of informants. Therefore, there has been a much greater effort to discourage misleading behaviour and statements by anthropological researchers.

[mariellaolden]

NO TO JEEPNEY PHASEOUT !!!!!!

SAY HELLO TO A WORSENED TRANSPORT CRISIS BY 2024

By: Mariella Angela H. Olden (December 28, 2023 | 9:25 PM)

Following a meeting with transportation officials, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. said on December 12 that no further extensions for consolidation of public utility vehicles (PUV) shall be granted.

One of the cultural markers of Philippine identity is the jeepney. Jeepneys have been the primary mode of transportation for Filipinos due to its affordability and accessibility, particularly for students and workers. Furthermore, it has traditionally been the primary occupation of drivers and operators.

In June 2017, the government established the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), intending to replace and eventually phase out traditional jeepneys to improve public transportation. However, with the impending phaseout of jeepneys by December 31, 2023, drivers and operators will be forced to purchase costly modern vehicles supported by the government.

Data from the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) indicates that five days before the consolidation deadline, 31,058 traditional jeepneys, or 73.5% of them in Metro Manila, have yet to be consolidated. These unconsolidated units are highly not a minority.

Why should drivers, operators, commuters, and workers fight back? Among the many effects of the PUVMP is the increase in the minimum fare that will continue to make Filipinos suffer. The PUV Modernization program is a business. Corporations and large businesses will take over and have the advantage of raising fares to pay for expensive "modern jeeps." In contrast, this is a big disadvantage to the families of the drivers and operators, who will sink into debt due to the burden of the monthly payment of the modernized vehicle.

In addition, the Department of Energy and LTFRB has reported that the number of registered vehicles in the Philippines exceeds 9 million. Just over 250,000, equivalent to 2% of jeepneys, make up the total.

More detrimental effects of this program include the modern jeepney being way more expensive than the traditional jeepney. The price of a typical jeepney ranges from P150,000 to P250,000. The cost of operating a modern e-jeepney will rise by 1,766.7% to P2.8 million for drivers and operators. Although P160,000 will be given as a subsidy according to LTFRB, which amounts to a mere 5.7% of the jeepney's entire cost, jeepney drivers will be forced to make at least more earnings each day to be able to settle their loan if they were to switch to the modern jeepney.

By the year 2024, the mass transport crisis in the country will worsen. The government cannot fill such a large and significant gap in public transport in the country. With the influx of imported cars, many local manufacturers and industries will be affected.

The PUVMP program is forcefully erasing one of the main parts of our identity as Filipinos and only in favor of a few rich and foreign interests, making the Filipino masses suffer, further impoverished, and left behind.

Drivers, operators, commuters, and workers—

Unite and fight for #NoToJeepneyPhaseout #NoToPUVPhaseout #NoToPUVModernizationProgram!

[philippinesimportdata]

Philippines Import Data

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[leng-m]

This is a research study on the prevalence of folk beliefs (superstitions) and filial piety in the literature from the Philippine pre-colonial period. It would seem that nothing is truly original. In tracing the first human populations to the last migrations, trade, and conquests, the research shows that, at the onset, there was no culture present in the group of islands later known as the Philippines. Everything seems to have been imported, first by the Negritos some 57,000 yeas ago and by Austronesians some 44,000 years ago during the prehistoric eras; then by traders from various outposts of a series of Hindu empires, China, Japan, and Arabia, Portugal, and Borneo during the precolonial eras.

I'm browsing through this research paper on ancient literary traditions of the Philippines, and I'm a bit bemused that this was the writer's conclusion? "Nothing is truly original" appearing in the same paragraph that says the first inhabitants came 57,000 years ago. asdl;fja;lsdfjk your ancestors could literally have inhabited a place and cultivated their own culture for 57,000 years and people still really be out here saying you got NOTHING ORIGINAL.

Ironically, this paper references Jocano's Filipino Prehistory, which actually questions the migration theory. Here are some insightful excerpts from this book. (Granted it was published in 1998 and more evidence could have come out since then.)

In Many history textbooks, statements like "The first people in the Philippines were the Negritos"... Archaeologically, we do not have any data whatsoever to demonstrate that the Negritos came ahead of all other ethnic groups now living in the archipelago... Unless proven, the Negritos have just as much claim to contemporaneity in the archipelago as all other groups. Another historical view that needs to be carefully reexamined is the ethnic classification of Filipinos as Malays and/or of Filipino culture as Malayan in origin.... [T]hat the region of Southeast Asia was a clean slate until peopled by the Malay immigrants is popular but too simplistic in the face of fossil evidence encountered in the area... The fact that there are fossil human finds of early people prior to [the 40,000 to 21,000 BC] threshold in human evolution in the region still needs empirical explanation. Fossil evidence suggests that the peoples in the region -- Indonesians, Malays, Filipinos -- are the results of both the long process of evolution and the later demographic events. They stand coequal as ethnic groups, without anyone being the dominant group, racially or culturally.

And finally, in the wise words of Thara Celehar, Witness for the Dead, it is "impossible to prove a negative." It's impossible to say nothing is original, because you would have to inspect everything and determine that not a single one is original. But nobody has access to everything. Nobody knows every single folklore and literature that has ever existed in the thousands of years of habitation in the Philippine islands, and can prove that every single one of them in fact came from somewhere else.

[mariacallous]

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Medical Association sent out separate but similar pleas on Monday for unvaccinated Americans to get vaccinated against the extremely contagious measles virus as vaccination rates have slipped, cases are rising globally and nationally, and the spring-break travel period is beginning.

In the first 12 weeks of 2024, US measles cases have already matched and likely exceeded the case total for all of 2023. According to the CDC, there were 58 measles cases reported from 17 states as of March 14. But media tallies indicate there have been more cases since then, with at least 60 cases now in total, according to CBS News. In 2023, there were 58 cases in 20 states.

"As evident from the confirmed measles cases reported in 17 states so far this year, when individuals are not immunized as a matter of personal preference or misinformation they put themselves and others at risk of disease—including children too young to be vaccinated, cancer patients, and other immunocompromised people," AMA president Jesse Ehrenfeld said Monday in a statement urging vaccination.

The latest data indicates that vaccination rates among US kindergarteners have slipped to 93 percent nationally, below the 95 percent target to prevent the spread of the disease. And vaccine exemptions for non-medical reasons have reached an all-time high.

The CDC released a health advisory on Monday also urging measles vaccination. The CDC drove home the point that unvaccinated Americans are largely responsible for importing the virus, and pockets of unvaccinated children in local communities spread it once it's here. The 58 measles infections that have been reported to the agency so far include cases from seven outbreaks in seven states. Most of the cases are in vaccine-eligible children aged 12 months and older who are unvaccinated. Of the 58 cases, 54 (93 percent) are linked to international travel, and most measles importations are by unvaccinated US residents who travel abroad and bring measles home with them, the CDC flagged.

The situation is likely to worsen as Americans begin spring travel, the CDC suggested. "Many countries, including travel destinations such as Austria, the Philippines, Romania, and the United Kingdom, are experiencing measles outbreaks," the CDC said. "To prevent measles infection and reduce the risk of community transmission from importation, all US residents traveling internationally, regardless of destination, should be current on their MMR [measles-mumps-rubella] vaccinations." The agency added in a recommendation to parents that “even if not traveling, ensure that children receive all recommended doses of MMR vaccine. Two doses of MMR vaccine provide better protection (97 percent) against measles than one dose (93 percent). Getting MMR vaccine is much safer than getting measles, mumps, or rubella.”

For Americans who are already vaccinated and for communities with high vaccination coverage, the risk is low, the CDC noted. "However, pockets of low coverage leave some communities at higher risk for outbreaks." This, in turn, threatens wider, continuous spread that could overturn the country's status of having eliminated measles, which was declared in 2000. The US was close to losing its elimination status in 2019 when outbreaks among unvaccinated children drove 1,247 cases across 31 states. Vaccination rates have fallen since then.

"The reduction in measles vaccination threatens to erase many years of progress as this previously eliminated vaccine-preventable disease returns," the AMA's Ehrenfeld warned.

As Ars Technica has reported previously, measles is among the most contagious viruses known and can linger in airspace for up to two hours. Up to 90 percent of unvaccinated people exposed will contract it. Symptoms can include high fever, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and a cough, as well as the hallmark rash. About one in five unvaccinated people with measles are hospitalized, while one in 20 infected children develop pneumonia, and up to three in 1,000 children die of the infection. Brain swelling (encephalitis) can occur in one in 1,000 children, which can lead to hearing loss and intellectual disabilities. The virus can also destroy immune responses to previous infections—a phenomenon known as “immune amnesia”—which can leave children vulnerable to various other infections for years afterward.

[aphroditesknife]

Today marks the 51st anniversary of the enactment of US-backed Martial Law in the Philippines by the late president/dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr. One of the darkest days in the history of the country and spanning for about a decade, many human rights violations, killings, tortures, enforced disappearances, military and police abuse of power, economic downfall, environmental damages, famine, media blackout (except for those approved of the regime), and overall corruption. All for the so called "fight against communist insurgency." The Marcos family and their allies basically lived like royalites while the Filipino people suffered.

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. served as the 10th president of the Philippines for 20 years from 1965 to 1986. He ruled under martial law for nine years from 1972 until 1981 but kept most of his martial law powers until he was deposed in 1986. Under his regime, violence was used to enforce civil control over the citizens of the Philippines, resulting in thousands of documented cases of human rights violations.

But many people to this day continue to refer to this time as the "Golden Age" of the country, that life was good for "law abiding citizens." Here are some numbers that debunks this popular myth.

Data from the image:

Sept. 21, 1972: Date of Proclamation No. 1081 placing the Philippines under martial law.

49: Persons from the Greater Manila Area immediately arrested on Sept. 22, 1972, by the military, among them three senators, three congressmen, two provincial governors, four delegates to the Constitutional Convention and eight newsmen. First on the list was opposition senator and main political rival Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.

Sept. 23, 1972: Press Secretary Francisco Tatad announces the imposition of martial law and reads the Marcos proclamation in a nationwide televised broadcast. Marcos himself went on air at 7 p.m. to formally announce the proclamation

12-4 a.m. – Curfew was put in place

Jan. 17, 1981: Marcos signs Proclamation No. 2045 lifting the implementation of martial law ahead of the first papal visit of Pope John Paul II in February.

107,240: Primary victims of human rights violations during martial law

70,000 people arrested, mostly arbitrarily without warrants of arrests*

34,000 people tortured*

3,240 killed by the military and the police*

*Amnesty International

464: Closed media outlets after declaration of martial law

$683 million: Worth of Marcos assets in various Swiss banks declared as ill-gotten based on a July 2003 the Supreme Court ruling

$5-10 billion: Estimated alleged ill-gotten wealth plundered by the Marcoses during two decades in Malacañang

6,281: Number of Marcos laws from September 1972 to February 1986

2,036 presidential decrees

61 general orders

1,093 executive orders

1,409 proclamations and other issuances

1,525 letters of instructions

157 letters of implementation

Info from image:

Military Power

By the time martial law was in effect, the Philippine Army had an estimated strength of 17,600; the Philippine Navy with 8,000; Philippine Air Force with 9,000; and the Philippine Constabulary with 25,500.

Info from images:

Poverty

Poverty worsened over the course of the Marcos era. Whereas about 4 out of 10 families were poor before Marcos took office, 6 out of 10 families were poor by the end of his rule.

Moreover, as the graph on the left shows, this is a consistent trend across the different regions of the nation, with some regions reaching as high a rate as 7 out of 10 families below the poverty line. Only two regions saw a marginal decrease in the number of poor families: the Ilocos Region and Cagayan Valley.

Daily wages of Filipino agricultural workers declined by about 30%, such that if a farmer earned Php 42 per day in 1972, he would only be earning about Php 30 in 1986. The wages of farmers even went as low as nearly half of the pre-Marcos values in 1974, right after the declaration of Martial Law (middle graph).

On the other hand, for skilled and unskilled workers in urban areas, the graph on the right shows the change in their wages from pre-Marcos to EDSA values. Skilled workers are workers with some special knowledge or skill, often having gone to college or technical school; unskilled workers are workers without this level of training.

Info for images:

Deforestation

In addition to factors relating to the domestic economy, another way of assessing the Marcos regime is through its impacts on the nation’s natural resources and the environment. The graph specifically gives us an idea about how Marcos’s policies affected the country’s forest cover over the course of about 20 years.

Supposedly, about 90% of the Philippines’ 18.7 million hectares of uplands, including more than 11 million hectares officially classified as timberlands, is publicly owned. In practice, fewer than 200 individuals controlled a large fraction of the country’s forests.

In pursuit of economic gains, Marcos and his cronies’ uncontrolled exportation of timber led to a drastic reduction in forest cover. This cascades into dire environmental impacts including flooding, landslides, and even the worldwide phenomenon of global warming.

I could add more to this post, but that would be way too long.

To this day, the Marcos family, their allies, and supporters, paid or not, continue to deny these facts and claim that the Marcos family were good for the Filipino people and the country.

We must continue to remind the people of this dark time in the history, to not let history be erased and be replaced with lies, to remember the sacrifices made by the victims of Martial Law and their families, and to not let history repeat itself.

Never Forget!

Never Again!

sources:

https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/649814-martial-law-by-the-numbers?page=6

https://martiallawmuseum.ph/magaral/martial-law-in-data/

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1167808/fast-facts-the-marcos-martial-law-regime

The Martial Law Museum and the Bantayog ng mga Bayani sites are good places to start reading more about this.