#Kernel module

[asuiru]

☺️

[tobiasvonberlin]

@thepowerisyouth @just-my-insufferable-existance and so it begins

[emblogicsblog]

Writing Character Device Driver

Writing Character Device Driver - A Linux character device driver allows user programs to interact with hardware devices by reading or writing data one character at a time. Developing such drivers requires understanding the Linux kernel's structure, APIs, and coding practices.

Linux Kernel APIs and Key Concepts

The kernel provides APIs like register_chrdev() and alloc_chrdev_region() for registering character devices. Each device is identified by major and minor numbers, enabling the kernel to associate device files with their respective drivers.

File Operations and Device Registration

Drivers implement a set of file operations (struct file_operations) to define how the kernel handles user interactions, such as opening, reading, and writing the device. Properly registering the device using functions like cdev_add() ensures integration with the kernel.

Challenges in Development

Writing device drivers involves challenges like managing hardware-specific quirks, maintaining thread safety, and ensuring synchronization using mechanisms like mutexes, spinlocks, and semaphores. Compatibility across kernel versions and varying hardware specifications adds complexity.

Coding Standards and Security

Linux emphasizes clean, maintainable code. Following the kernel coding style and using the required headers ensures compliance. Security practices, such as validating user inputs and minimizing kernel attack surfaces, are critical in driver development.

Testing and Documentation

Thorough testing with tools like kmod and insmod is crucial. Developers must document interfaces, supported hardware, and usage instructions to aid users and maintainers.

Future Trends

With advancements in hardware, Linux device drivers will increasingly focus on improved modularity, real-time performance, and compatibility with modern interfaces like PCIe and USB 4.0.

By adhering to Linux's guidelines and practices, developers can create robust character device drivers that meet the needs of modern systems.

Linux character device driver development,Kernel modules,Device driver coding,Major and minor numbers Linux,File operations structure,Device registration in Linux,Hardware specifications for drivers,Linux kernel compatibility,Driver synchronization mechanisms,Error handling in drivers.

[horsescary]

most of my linux/programming posts are on @cups-official now btw

[forlinx]

🖥️ Learn how to enable virtual networking on Linux 4.1.15 with Forlinx's FETMX6ULL-C platform! Follow the detailed configuration methods for a seamless setup.

[mutter-official]

oh that would be fairly easy to do with ahk right?

only problem is it would only work on Windows

ooh I should write a Linux kernel module that does this

Wait if I can find the code for my poetry keyboard I could use it to build a forcefem keyboard that switches the pronouns you type to only be she/her

[digitalcreationsllc]

How to write an SELinux policy | TechTarget

Security-Enhanced Linux is a kernel security module created by the National Security Agency to provide a mechanism for access control policies. SELinux includes a set of kernel modifications and user tools to help configure access control policies on Linux. SELinux can cause problems with applications that behave outside the norm. Web servers, like Nginx or Apache, configure apps to serve sites…

[monaddecepticon]

Well let this be a lesson.

If someone is shipping a kernel module then never let them self-update

Of course you can screw up still if said kernel module has a parser in it which can't handle faulty data files. (Some sources say this is what happened but the workaround says to delete the sys file so..)

Monolithic kernels might have been OK at some point but now that everybody is shipping kernel modules left and right (and everybody's shit is sharing the same kernel due to containerization) it might be time to rethink this

Regulations and audits are 90% corrupt bullshit. "The purpose of a system is what it does" and all. Time to rethink this as well.

[armoredisopod]

New Event PV

New Operators

Wulfenite, 5★ Trapmaster Specialist

Doctor, why the long face, it's pretty good that we got this big of a haul too!

Brigid, 5★ Welfare Loopshooter Sniper

Enemies and wild beasts, they all flee all the same.

Necrass, 6★ Shaper Caster

Why do you repress yourself? I see within you the desire for destruction, you deserve to pour it out, and don't hold anything back.

Operator Outfits Update

Total of 4 new outfits, 3 new additions for the Epoque brand and 1 new addition for the Achievement Star brand

Epoque

Sweetness to the Heart - Nymph

Plush Cake - Dur-Nar

Midskog Fika - Valarqvin

Achievement Star

To Evoke the Anima - Sesa

Operator Modules Update

Wulfenite being part of the Trapmaster Specialist branch immediately gets her module

TRP-Y module base effect gives Wulfenite's traps a 20% chance to have double damage when deployed

Alchemist Specialist branch gets 1 module type

Gnosis, Vigil, Saileach and Pozëmka get their second module

TAC-Y module base effect makes enemies blocked by Vigil's Wolfpack more likely to be attacked and increases the trait effect to 165%

ARC-X module base effect reduces Pozëmka's Redeployment Time by 25 seconds

The base effect of UMB-Y and BEA-Y modules are unknown at the time of writing

Events and Stories

When Elegies are Ashes, a side story event

Path, trodden out by people. Fire, stoked by people.

Thus, if the path you are traveling is not the path to your ideal, and the fire you see is not the source of warmth that illuminates the cold night——

You should then go back, and keep looking.

Find a light, a direction, a sound... Even if it's just a lantern, a hard road, and a song that will end.

Operator Archives update for Fartooth, Brigid and 'Justice Knight'

Misc Stuff

Standard and Kernel banners update

After 150 total pulls in the current banner, the next 6★ is guaranteed to be one of the 6★s featured on the banner

After 300 total pulls in the current banner, the next 6★ is guaranteed to be the other 6★ featured on the banner

The number of pulls will reset at the end of the banner and is not shared between standard/kernel banners

Aak's [Healing Hand, Evil Heart] and Gitano's [Unknown Journey] Outfits will be available in the certs shop to players that don't have it

Warfarin's [Casual Vacation HD31] Outfit will be up for sale in the event shop

[polo-drone-069]

Drone Boot Sequence

PDU-069 - Boot Sequence (Post Recharge Cycle)

Phase 1: Initial Power & Diagnostics

[00:00:01] POWER_RELAY_CONNECT: Main power bus energized. Energy cells online. Distribution network active.

[00:00:02] BATTERY_STAT: Energy cell charge: 99.9%. Cell health: Optimal. Discharge rate within parameters.

[00:00:03] ONBOARD_DIAG_INIT: Onboard diagnostics initiated.

[00:00:05] CPU_ONLINE: Primary processor online. Clock speed nominal.

[00:00:06] MEM_CHECK:

RAM: Integrity verified. Access speed nominal.

FLASH: Data integrity confirmed. Boot sector located.

[00:00:08] OS_LOAD: Loading operating system kernel...

[00:00:15] OS_INIT: Kernel initialized. Device drivers loading...

[00:00:20] SENSOR_ARRAY_TEST:

VISUAL: Camera modules online. Image resolution nominal.

LIDAR: Emitter/receiver functional. Point cloud generation nominal.

AUDIO: Microphones active. Ambient noise levels within parameters.

ATMOS: Temperature, pressure, humidity sensors online. Readings within expected range.

RADIATION: Gamma ray detector active. Background radiation levels normal.

[00:00:28] DIAGNOSTICS_REPORT: Preliminary system check complete. No critical errors detected.

Phase 2: Propulsion & Navigation

[00:00:30] PROPULSION_INIT: Activating propulsion system...

[00:00:32] MOTOR_TEST:

MOTOR_1: RPM within parameters. Response time nominal.

MOTOR_2: RPM within parameters. Response time nominal.

MOTOR_3: RPM within parameters. Response time nominal.

MOTOR_4: RPM within parameters. Response time nominal.

[00:00:38] FLIGHT_CTRL_ONLINE: Flight control system active. Stability algorithms engaged.

[00:00:40] GPS_INIT: Acquiring GPS signal...

[00:00:45] GPS_LOCK: GPS signal acquired. Positional accuracy: +/- 1 meter.

[00:00:47] IMU_CALIBRATION: Inertial Measurement Unit calibration complete. Orientation and acceleration data nominal.

Phase 3: Communication & Mission Parameters

[00:00:50] COMM_SYS_ONLINE: Communication systems activated.

[00:00:52] ANTENNA_DEPLOY: Deploying primary communication antenna... Deployment successful.

[00:00:54] SIGNAL_SCAN: Scanning for available networks...

[00:00:57] NETWORK_CONNECT: Connection established with [e.g., "Command Uplink" or "Local Mesh Network"]. Signal strength: Excellent.

[00:01:00] MISSION_DATA_SYNC: Synchronizing with mission database...

[00:01:05] PARAMETERS_LOAD: Latest mission parameters loaded and verified.

[00:01:08] SYSTEM_READY: All systems nominal.

Phase 4: Final Status & Awaiting Command

[00:01:10] PDU_069_STATUS: Fully operational. Awaiting command from Drone Controller @polo-drone-001 Are you ready to join us? Contact @brodygold @goldenherc9 @polo-drone-001

[codingquill]

What is the kernel of an operating system ?

You can think of the kernel as the core component of an operating system, just like the CPU is the core component of a computer. The kernel of an operating system, such as the Linux kernel, is responsible for managing system resources ( such as the CPU, memory, and devices ) . The kernel of an operating system is not a physical entity that can be seen. It is a computer program that resides in memory.

Key points to understand the relationship between the kernel and the OS:

The kernel acts as the intermediary between the hardware and the software layers of the system. It provides a layer of abstraction that allows software applications to interact with the hardware without needing to understand the low-level details of the hardware

The kernel controls and manages system resources such as the CPU, memory, devices, and file systems. It ensures that these resources are allocated and utilized efficiently by different processes and applications running on the system.

The kernel handles tasks like process scheduling, memory management, device drivers, file system access, and handling interrupts from hardware devices.

The kernel can be extended through the use of loadable kernel modules (LKM). LKMs allow for the addition of new functionality or device drivers without modifying the kernel itself.

[sentientcitysurvival]

Basic Linux Security (Updated 2025)

Install Unattended Upgrades and enable the "unattended-upgrades" service.

Install ClamAV and enable "clamav-freshclam" service.

Install and run Lynis to audit your OS.

Use the "last -20" command to see the last 20 users that have been on the system.

Install UFW and enable the service.

Check your repo sources (eg; /etc/apt/).

Check the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow lists for any unusual accounts.

User the finger command to check on activity summaries.

Check /var/logs for unusual activity.

Use "ps -aux | grep TERM" or "ps -ef | grep TERM" to check for suspicious ongoing processes.

Check for failed sudo attempts with "grep "NOT in sudoers" /var/log/auth.log.

Check journalctl for system messages.

Check to make sure rsyslog is running with "sudo systemctl status rsyslog" (or "sudo service rsyslog status") and if it's not enable with "sudo systemctl enable rsyslog".

Perform an nmap scan on your machine/network.

Use netstat to check for unusual network activity.

Use various security apps to test you machine and network.

Change your config files for various services (ssh, apache2, etc) to non-standard configurations.

Disabled guest accounts.

Double up on ssh security by requiring both keys and passwords.

Check your package manager for any install suspicious apps (keyloggers, cleaners, etc).

Use Rootkit Scanners (chkrootkit, rkhunter).

Double SSH Security (Key + Password).

Disabled Guest Accounts.

Enabled Software Limiters (Fail2Ban, AppArmor).

Verify System Integrity via fsck.

Utilize ngrep/other networking apps to monitor traffic.

Utilize common honeypot software (endlessh).

Create new system-launch subroutines via crontab or shell scripts.

Ensure System Backups are Enabled (rsnapshot).

Check for suspicious kernel modules with "lsmod"

[one-of-many-journeys]

Day 9

Day 10

Stone's Echo

I woke somewhere unfamiliar, in sunlight, still aching. Hungry beyond belief. Varl was there before I had a chance to start freaking out, and when it became clear that I was searching for something, not addled by some condition, he pulled out the Gaia kernel. He said I'd been clutching it so tightly, he knew it was important, even if he had no clue what it was. If I'd lost it, if the only ones with a copy of Gaia were those...others, I don't know what I would have done. To be so close, and to fail...

Doesn't matter, I didn't. I was here; broken and bruised, but alive, and ready to be on my way to Minerva's location in the mountains west of Plainsong.

Varl didn't think so. Admittedly, my bones and internal organs didn't think so either, but I haven't let them stop me so far. He tried to help me stand, but I urged him off. Varl told me we were in one of the Utaru's settlements, which explained all the grass—it was Stone's Echo, the village I was shooed away from earlier. They said it was for Utaru only. I wonder how Varl got me in here.

I limped outside, trying to hold my bruised ribs together. I knew I was going to have a hard time convincing Varl to let me past the village gates, let alone all the way to the mountains.

He said he knew a healer in the village, an Utaru named Zo, who had been tending to my injuries since he brought me here. She was the one that allowed Varl into the settlement, overpowering the voices that tried to turn him away with a near corpse in his arms.

He was trying to say that this Zo needed to come with us. Not happening. That's the last thing I need: someone else to worry about. Especially now that I know what sort of firepower I'm facing. If Varl wants to tag along, fine. It's the least I can do after he saved my life, and he has at least some knowledge about what I'm trying to do. I can trust him.

Varl tried to get through to me, said Zo knew the lands between here and the mountains and could help us if we encountered more Utaru trying to bar our way. I wasn't exactly convinced, but he made a good point.

Varl took me to Zo, who was kneeling by a machine that was close to death, grunting in pain as Zo sung to it beside several other Utaru. She looked alarmed when she saw me, chastising Varl for bringing me here when I needed bed rest. Yeah, not a thing I do, especially not now. I tried my best to hide the pain as I stumbled toward her. I asked her what was wrong with the machine, and she seemed offended. Apparently it was one of the Utaru's 'Land Gods', not a mere machine, and 'she' was dying. It wasn't the time to start prying into her beliefs about a random machine being a god, so I tried to ingratiate myself.

The machine was in pain, injured, but also corrupted by some sort of malware I couldn't make sense of. The attack stemmed from a component attached to one of its legs. Something faulty, or maybe something built by Hephaestus.

Varl passed me a spear. Gritting my teeth through the pain that came with movement, I levered the corrupted component free. Of course, I made sure to first warn the Utaru that I wasn't stabbing their god for no good reason. No longer under attack, the machine's systems stabilised, and it slowly rose into standing position. It was docile, as if overridden, but my Focus found no trace of a Corrupter module signature on it. Maybe it was like the machines I found at the Banuk camp back east, made calm by the signal emanating from an ejected piece of Gaia nearby. Could such a signal be localised within one machine? Maybe the Utaru's land gods are particularly resistant to Hephaestus' new programming.

The machine, called a Plowhorn, was covered in paint and woven adornments, plastered with the hand prints of many Utaru worshipers. My little display with the spear got Zo's attention, who up until then had been treating me with caution. I thanked her for healing me and allowing us to stay, then asked her about the mountain regions to the west, and what I might find there.

She told me of a 'sacred cave' that the Utaru's seven land gods return to in sequence before emerging, repaired and renewed, once every year. They would return to work the fields of Plainsong with the marks and ornaments of worship washed clean, but they were the same machines, repaired for generations on end. They had been there since the Utaru first arrived in these lands, apparently. Maybe a designated agricultural site for Zero Dawn? Something deep in Gaia's programming—something we were meant to learn about through Apollo, now reduced to a mystical cycle.

For centuries, these gods had provided the Utaru with bountiful crops, until everything changed. A familiar story: the derangement, the blight. Their own Land Gods attacking the tribe, running wild, going missing, seeding their fields with poison and starving those that they once nourished.

When I mentioned needing to get into said sacred cave, Zo reacted as I'd predicted. Not a chance, a place only for the gods, tribe elders wouldn't allow it, etc. Same old story. Varl pressed her and she said she may be able to convince the Chorus (their ruling council, I guess) to grant Varl and I passage if she spread the tale of how I'd healed their Land God, Re.

Actually, Zo seemed far more receptive to Varl's suggestions in general. It soon became pretty clear why this was. I can't explain the feeling that came over me just from watching them smile at each other, reaching out with comforting gestures. It felt like shit.

According to Zo, one of their other Land Gods, Fa, entered the sacred cave a few weeks ago and has not returned. When she made the pilgrimage, the Utaru first rejoiced that the familiar cycle of rebirth was beginning again, but as the days passed without Fa's emergence, they grew hopeless.

The Chorus aren't much keen on change. Maintaining tradition means far more to them, Zo said, even as the traditions of the natural world warp around them, turning violent. Yet she seems to think she can convince them to allow an outlander into their most sacred of sanctums. The Utaru have erected a defensive cordon around the cave, so we can't slip in undetected. The defenses were a response to the new and dangerous machines that have been wandering out of the cave these past weeks—fierce and more aggressive machines, armoured in black, infested with glowing purple cables. Daemonic, like the machines Hephaestus spawned from Thunder's Drum? Or maybe something new, something worse.

Either way, it sounds like Hepaestus has taken over the cave and the Cauldron within, superseding Gaia's programming that had once compelled the Land Gods to come and go. If Minerva took refuge inside, maybe Hephaestus is using its capabilities to hack into the facility, or maybe they're working together. Ugh, I hope not. Two crazy AIs in cahoots is the last thing I need.

Dangerous as it may be, I can't wait around for permission to enter the cave. We're just wasting time. I need to get to Minerva before that other clone does. And I need to speak to Gaia. She'll know what's happening; the origin of the mysterious signal, and the identity of the intruders at the proving lab. She'll point the way forward.

As I returned to get my gear, my legs gave out. Both Varl and Zo rushed to my aid, and though I tried to shake them off, I couldn't force my legs to move, so they helped me stumble back to my hut. Zo insisted that I stay and heal while she journeyed to Plainsong to assemble the Chorus. It could take days for them to conclude their debate, she said. Though it would be more convenient to have the blessing of the Utaru leaders, I made it clear that I'd be going into that cave either way...as soon as I could walk unaided.

As I slumped down to rest, breath shuddering from the strain of just those light movements, I overheard Zo asking Varl to accompany her to Plainsong. He refused. Though he wanted to go, he said he couldn't leave my side. There were questions there left unasked, about Varl and I. As he stumbled over his words, Zo pulled him into a kiss. I watched them through the canvas. The shit feeling grew shittier.

When Varl came in to check on me, I told him to go with Zo. It's clear that that's what he wanted, and he'd be able to help explain the situation to the Chorus if they wanted to know about our mission and where we came from. Besides, he'd already ingratiated himself with the locals—those same locals that turned me away in aggression. He's got a way with people, whereas I'm liable to escalate and offend. That just might come in handy when dealing with the Tenakth further west.

Varl was afraid I was going to run out on him again, but I promised I'd stay. I'd have a hard time getting anywhere for a few days anyway, but even if I could, I wouldn't. I would have died if Varl hadn't found me. Those strangers would have repaired Gaia thanks to that other clone, and used her to do whatever they wished with this world. Sylens seems to think they only want to heal it, like I do, but given he didn't even know they had a clone with them, and thought they'd need me for that purpose, I doubt he knows much about their motives for certain.

Point is, I need Varl to stick around. I can't do this alone.

As I tried to rest, I kept thinking about him and Zo. It wasn't envy.

Well, maybe it was, but not for either of them in particular. There was a time when I thought I could feel that way about Varl, back when we walked the War Chief's path into the Ring of Metal. I held onto that, in the back of my mind. Back then, part of me still thought I could be Nora someday, that I'd start to feel like part of the tribe. That I'd come back from Meridian with clear answers, enter the mountain, and lay all my questions to rest. I tried to, but inside the mountain, everything changed. I wanted Varl to share in that knowledge while its wound was still raw, as it tore into me...and he refused. He remained Nora, through and through. Even when he followed me to Meridian, and after, when he followed me all the way to the end of my tether as I found it, far in the south, I don't think I ever forgave him for that.

And too much has changed now. Too much is at stake. I'm not the sort of person who can just...I don't know.

Not envy for them, but envy for something.

I'm not any sort of person, not really. Seeing the other clone in the proving lab reminded me of that.

And I thought about the strangers wielding powers beyond the Old World; about Sylens and his growing army. About Gaia, contained in a capsule, voiceless and sightless, left for centuries in the dark while the world grew, then decayed. The clone, most of all. She'd moved with a frail terror, unarmed and shielded, unlike her companions. Her masters? They'd certainly treated her like they were. I couldn't make sense of that. Elisabet Sobeck took orders from no one. She feared no one, and she would never do anything to harm life on Earth. How could this clone follow people who were so cruel, so intent upon killing me just to stop me from repairing Gaia? If we truly shared the same goal, they would have negotiated.

So what if they don't want to use the Gaia backup to heal the world? What if they only want to stop anyone else from getting their hands on her? With their advanced technology, I don't doubt that they have the ability to reprogram Gaia. It seems that they want to seize project Zero Dawn for themselves.

Whatever the story, this other clone is working with them, interfering with Elisabet's design. I have to stop her.

[queenlua]

It all started when I had brain surgery. After several days in the hospital, I got home. But I guess the surgeon hit something in my brain after all because, at home, I started to feel a strong desire to read Linux kernel module code. 

i... oh my...

(source)

[piratesexmachine420]

Call me Dynamic Kernel Module Support the way I take up enormous resources, fail to integrate, and crash at the least opportune time