#Water molecule structure

[superchemistryclasses]

Pure Water Chemistry: The Science Behind Life's Most Vital Molecule

Water is the foundation of life. It covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and constitutes about 60% of the human body. But what makes water so extraordinary? The answer lies in its chemistry. Pure water chemistry delves into the molecular structure, properties, and behavior of H₂O, the molecule that sustains all living organisms. In this article, we’ll explore the science behind pure water…

[reality-detective]

4th Phase of water

H302 Structured water.

Coherent means: coherent (adj.) "harmonious;"

"sticking together"

Why cells need structured water: They will become too dense. 🤔

[aanews69]

All our links in one place:https://sleekbio.com/aanews69Visit our Patreonhttps://www.patreon.com/DNPLServicesWe deliver stories. We also give you guides, tip...

[reasonsforhope]

"If you're hoping that reef-restoring coral larvae will settle down in damaged reefs, you can't just sit around and wait for it to happen. You have to get out there and entice the larvae, which is exactly what a new algae-based gel is designed to do.

While we may think of coral reefs' "skeletons" as being composed solely of calcium carbonate produced by coral polyps, much of the material is in fact generated by what are known as crustose coralline algae.

Along with contributing greatly to the structural integrity of reefs, the algae-produced calcium carbonate also serves as a home to planktonic coral larvae. Once those formerly free-swimming organisms settle in and become polyps, they start producing reef-building calcium of their own.

It's a good arrangement for the coral, but it also benefits the algae.

Not only does the reef itself provide the algae with protection from the elements, the coral polyps also emit ammonia which the algae feed upon. It is therefore in the algae's best interest to entice any coral larvae that may be swimming past in the water column. In order to do so, the algae release metabolite chemicals that attract the larvae.

Led by Dr. Daniel Wangpraseurt, scientists at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography have now incorporated those metabolites into a gel that can be applied to degraded coral reefs. Called SNAP-X, the substance reportedly boosts coral larval settlement by up to 20 times as compared to untreated surfaces.

If the algae metabolites were just applied to the coral on their own, they would soon dissipate in the water, leaving the coral larvae unable to follow them to their source. For that reason, the researchers started by encasing the chemical molecules in durable silica nanoparticles. Those particles were then suspended within a biocompatible liquid blend of gelatin methacrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate.

When that liquid is sprayed or painted onto a surface – such as a piece of dead coral – then exposed to ultraviolet light, it polymerizes into a hydrogel form. That gel is capable of clinging to the surface for up to one month while immersed in flowing water, gradually releasing its larvae-attracting nanoparticles as it does so.

Initial lab tests showed that application of SNAP-X resulted in a six-fold increase in larval settlement. Subsequent tests that more accurately simulated the water flow on coral reefs, however, produced the 20-times figure.

It should be noted that all of the tests conducted so far have involved a single type of coral, but Wangpraseurt believes the technology should work on other species with a few tweaks.

"I think this material is a breakthrough that can hopefully make a big contribution to coral restoration," he says. "Biomedical scientists have spent a lot of time developing nanomaterials as drug carriers, and here we were able to apply some of that knowledge to marine restoration."

A paper on the research was recently published in the journal Trends in Biotechnology."

-via New Atlas, May 26, 2025

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Figure 2.15 shows ball-and-stick and space-filling models of several chemical compounds common in everyday life.

FIGURE 2.15 Different representations of some common compounds.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[apod]

2025 June 3

Rainbow Airglow over the Azores Image Credit & Copyright: Miguel Claro (TWAN); Rollover Annotation: Judy Schmidt

Explanation: Why would the sky glow like a giant repeating rainbow? Airglow. Now, air glows all of the time, but it is usually hard to see. A disturbance however -- like an approaching storm -- may cause noticeable rippling in the Earth's atmosphere. These gravity waves are oscillations in air analogous to those created when a rock is thrown in calm water. The long-duration exposure nearly along the vertical walls of airglow likely made the undulating structure particularly visible. OK, but where do the colors originate? The deep red glow likely originates from OH molecules about 87 kilometers high, excited by ultraviolet light from the Sun. The orange and green airglow is likely caused by sodium and oxygen atoms slightly higher up. The featured image was captured during a climb up Mount Pico in the Azores of Portugal. Ground lights originate from the island of Faial in the Atlantic Ocean. A spectacular sky is visible through this banded airglow, with the central band of our Milky Way Galaxy running up the image center, and M31, the Andromeda Galaxy, visible near the top left.

∞ Source: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap250603.html

[beakers-and-telescopes]

OKAY THIS ARTICLE IS SO COOL

I'm going to try to explain this in a comprehensible way, because honestly it's wild to wrap your head around even for me, who has a degree in chemistry. But bear with me.

Okay, so. Solids, right? They are rigid enough to hold their shape, but aside from that they are quite variable. Some solids are hard, others are soft, some are brittle or rubbery or malleable. So what determines these qualities? And what creates the rigid structure that makes a solid a solid? Most people would tell you that it depends on the atoms that make up the solid, and the bonds between those atoms. Rubber is flexible because of the polymers it's made of, steel is strong because of the metallic bonds between its atoms. And this applies to all solids. Or so everybody thought.

A paper published in the journal Nature has discovered that biological materials such as wood, fungi, cotton, hair, and anything else that can respond to the humidity in the environment may be composed of a new class of matter dubbed "hydration solids". That's because the rigidity and solidness of the materials doesn't actually come from the atoms and bonds, but from the water molecules hanging out in between.

So basically, try to imagine a hydration solid as a bunch of balloons taped together to form a giant cube, with the actual balloon part representing the atoms and bonds of the material, and the air filling the balloons as the water in the pores of the solid. What makes this "solid" cube shaped? It's not because of the rubber at all, but the air inside. If you took out all the air from inside the balloons, the structure wouldn't be able to hold its shape.

Ozger Sahin, one of the paper's authors, said

"When we take a walk in the woods, we think of the trees and plants around us as typical solids. This research shows that we should really think of those trees and plants as towers of water holding sugars and proteins in place. It's really water's world."

And the great thing about this discovery (and one of the reasons to support its validity) is that thinking about hydration solids this way makes the math so so so much easier. Before this, if you wanted to calculate how water interacts with organic matter, you would need advanced computer simulations. Now, there are simple equations that you can do in your head. Being able to calculate a material's properties using basic physics principles is a really big deal, because so far we have only been able to do that with gasses (PV=nRT anyone?). Expanding that to a group that encompasses 50-90% of the biological world around us is huge.

[fatkish]

Aizawa and Class 1A x Student Alchemist Reader

In this, the reader has the same tattoos as scar. The reader’s left arm deconstructs molecules and their right arm reconstructs molecules.

The reader is quirkless so they use Alchemy to even the odds and are good at combat.

The reader took the entrance exam and has similar grade to Momo. Momo and the Reader share the 1/20 place amongst their peers

The reader aced the written test and destroyed the robots by using their alchemy to disassemble them. They got 45 villain points and 45 rescue points

When the teachers were looking over the students papers, Aizawa and Nedzu were amazed and skeptical of the reader being quirkless

Aizawa didn’t believe that you were quirkless so he used his quirk on you during his quirk apprehension test. Obviously it failed and he realized your were being honest on your paperwork. Still grilled you about it

Aizawa is ever so slightly more protective and stricter on you than other students. He worries all the time so he is a little harsher on you but you know that he just wants to push you a little more

You’re currently studying both flame and medical alchemy. You tend to study with recovery girl and help her out whenever you get the chance

During All Might’s hero vs villain training you were paired with Momo (Mineta didn’t get into the hero course) against Jirou and Kaminari. You won by creating a sleeping gas and put them to sleep whilst you and Momo wore gas masks she made

Bakugou refuses to admit your strength but has a secret respect for you since you beat him by altering his sweat’s molecules so it wasn’t explosive

Izuku has so many notes on you and has asked to draw your tattoos and you even began to teach him basic alchemy, although he sucks at it

When questioning you, you told Izuku that you were quirkless which he accidentally let it slip to his friends who then let the class know

After that you explained to the class that alchemy can be performed by anyone, it just take years of study and practice to perform and understand the basic rules and applications

Some didn’t believe you so you removed your shoe to show them all your second joint in your pinky toe as proof

Some still have a hard time believing it but most of the class accepted it

Kirishima, Sero, Iida, Jirou and Uraraka think you’re (manly) incredible and ambitious for dedicating yourself to something and making yourself strong despite the odds

Ashido, Kaminari and Hagakure still don’t believe that you’re quirkless

Tokoyami and Shoji both admire your strength and perseverance in trying to become a hero despite lacking a power and having been ridiculed and criticized for your dreams

Ojiro and you train in martial arts often as a means to strengthen one another

Tsuyu and you get along just fine as you both are some of the more mature students in classs

You tend to hang out with the quiet kids like Shoji, Tokoyami and Koda

You and Momo both bond over and help each other study the molecular make up of certain items

During the USJ attack, you used your flame alchemy on the Nomu. You used your conductive gloves to create the flames and tried to roast the Nomu

You took Hatsume’s place on Midoriya’s team in the Calvary battle

You fought Iida in the first rounds and won by creating a rugged and difficult terrain to run in as a means to slow him down, then you used your alchemy to seal his engines and managed to hit him in a pressure point that immobilized him

Todoroki was amazed when you were able to beat him in the sports festival. You turned his ice into water and then changed the arrangement of the stage’s molecular structure to that of quicksand and used the ground to swallow him up, winning your match.

Bakugou was pissed off when you altered your body’s carbon to be on the outside creating a skin of diamond like armor that his explosions couldn’t beat

You got 1st place in the festival but All Might accidentally let it slip during the award ceremony that you were quirkless

You got the third most offers from pros for internships out of the class

You ended up going with Best Jeanist and had a rather good time compared to Bakugou

After the Internships were over, you had mastered your flame alchemy and used it against All Might in your practical exam

Bonus: Todoroki learned that you can’t use flame alchemy when it’s raining or if your wet and accidentally started the ‘useless when wet’ shtick.

Now Bakugou makes fun of you whenever you get your gloves wet and acts like you need protection and enjoys babying you.

[mindblowingscience]

In a study published in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, scientists from the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics at Karolinska Institutet, have discovered that water molecules play a crucial role in helping proteins, specifically transcription factors, read and regulate the human genome. Only approximately 1% of our genome consists of genes, sections of DNA that specify the structure and function of proteins. Protein-coding genes are highly similar among mammals, with most differences between humans and other animals arising from how gene activity is regulated. Proteins called transcription factors regulate gene activity so that only a necessary set of genes is switched on at a particular place and time. Each transcription factor recognizes and binds to a unique short DNA sequence, most often located in the 99% of the genome that does not encode proteins. Binding of transcription factors either increases or decreases the expression of nearby genes.

Continue Reading.

[b1asho]

Species number two: Rossetians!!

Here's some more info, because unfortunately I ran out of room to cram it in between the drawings:

Rossetians are a mid-sized species that evolved in an area roughly the size of Europe, and have less extreme regional differences than other species, usually only having some vatiation in skin pattern, color, and snout shape.

They aren’t exactly adapted to live in water, but there were enough water obstacles around that they developed some useful traits like nostrils in the top of their head and semi-webbed hooves.

Their skin is thick, dry and rough, closer to scales. This bars moisture from coming in and leaving. The only place they have hairlike structures is in/around the pouch/genitals for oil secretion and for neonates to pull on to drag themselves into the pouch after birth (meaning they see hair as private and even lewd).

they use their heat-sensitive nose pits and sensitive pronged tongue to navigate low visibility places like tunnels and dense vegetation, and also to locate food and other resources that are hidden in crevices.

Their tongue in particular replaces their sense of smell, and is able to detect minute chemical changes in the air. It’s pretty long, and slides back into a hole a bit in their mouth/throat when closed.

They also use their four wide set eyes to scan more open areas, and while they have good close and far vision, they cant see in the dark and have poor color vision.

Rossetians share our iron based blood, using a large molecule that is contained in cells. It retains oxygen for much longer and in higher quantities (closer to erythrocruorin in size and effectiveness.) it is a very dark red when not oxygenated and turns a much brighter red shade than human blood when exposed to oxygen.

It is very very stable, can operate at a wide range of temperatures, and helps them manage in oxygen scarce environments between the pockets of oxygen in their tunnels (however, they can’t tolerate low oxygen for long, and need warm temperatures and abundant oxygen function well).

The high quantities of oxygen their blood can carry helped fuel them when fleeing predators, but at other times the large size of the molecule means that it takes a lot of energy to pump it around fast, and it already brings a lot of oxygen per molecule, so normally they have a slow heartbeat and metabolism. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, all of these things potentially leading to their longer natural lifespans.

This iron based blood developed because their environment was very heavy in metals, particularly iron. There were also a lot of other toxins just hanging around in the air, water, and soil. They have a very strong liver and other specialized glands and processes to help them metabolize and expel metals that they take in, it they can tolerate a lot more metals in their body than a human could (they’re very hard to kill via poison, toxin exposure, or drugs) . they actually incorporated it into more of their body (namely their horns and teeth, and for coloration of skin). Like limpets, they have metal in their teeth, making them extremely hard and strong (used for scraping off algae, moss, and lichens from rocks and crushing nuts and tubers) this also partially accounts for the color of the teeth, though some still have white teeth due to less pigmentation. Their colors vary less due to sun exposure and more due to the content of elements around them.

Rossetians were originally prey animals, with their horn and extremely thick skin/fat layer being their main protection from predators. (through selection over the years, their horns have become a bit more ornamental, though they’re still plenty sharp). They developed sapience due to their overkill sensory prowess, letting them spend less time scanning and more time thinking. Eventually, this combined with their cooperative herd structure/domestication of food sources to advance their intelligence to modern day.

As herbivores, they eat predominantly plant matter, though some also consume dairy due to a similar “lactose tolerance” mutation as humans for the taste and nutrients. They eat small and frequent meals for steadier energy to make up for their slow metabolism.

They are endotherms, though mainly due to their thick fat and skin layer helping them to trap heat. Without this, they aren't nearly as good as humans at regulating their own temperature, though they can still shiver and pant to try and regulate (they cant sweat).

They have a total of 6 teeth, two in the front and four molars in the back.

Their food tends to be boiled or otherwise processed in some way to make it easier to get energy and nutrients faster with their otherwise slow metabolism (so they can stay on the go for busy city life)

They are viviparous and can reproduce any time of the year like humans, but they lack a true placenta. infants instead develop in a pouch of skin on the mother where they drink milk.

Their pouch opens like an American opossum, and their children will stay in and out of it for a while even a little after they’ve been weaned (eventually, they get too big.) They stay in there for the first year or so, and will then start exploring outside in their ‘toddler’ stage before eventually being able to walk on their own.

They have a centaur-esque body plan that allowed them to free up a front set of arms and support brain development while also being able to lower themselves to the height needed to navigate the volcanic tunnels they lived in and move quickly. The only important thing in their front "torso" region is a small cluster of nerves that helps handle some of their sensory information.

4 of their 6 limbs are for walking while the front 2 specialized for object manipulation, with the two digits on the sides slightly turned inwards and able to be used almost like thumbs. None of them are very good for gripping since climbing wasn’t part of their evolutionary history (though all of them are also slightly webbed, especially the back ones, since swimming was helpful to them in their environment)

Their soft lips and similarly shaped mouth make it very easy for them to replicate human language, though their tongue and teeth sometimes get in the way (and makes it harder for humans to speak their language, since some noises require the use of two or four prongs of the tongue at once).

They can see a color spectrum similar to horses or deer on earth, which is why their clothing is often dull or monochrome besides the stitched patterns. However, since it was useful for them to be able to see some color variation to tell if a plant was poisonous or not, they can see reds/greens a bit better than Prectikar, who have a similar colorblindess range.

While they can't see red, they still incorporate it into their clothing since to them it registers as a nice green to accent the blue and yellow. To us, it looks red.

They have very homogeneous cultural traits because for much of their history, they have valued unity and have been joined together under one Empire or another (most recently, the same guys who got to the Prectikar). However, similar to cultures across, say the British isle, they still have unique quirks from their regional heritage.

Males have a horn with a unicorn-like front spike and a considerably longer tail, while females lack the horn projection and also have a pouch. Unlike other species, they actually have similar sex and gender roles as human men and women, though a bit more pronounced than current humans due to their society’s particular emphasis on family units in politics and economics.

They also have stricter nudity and propriety standards year round, with traditional conservatives barely showing anything more than their face out in public.

They show marriage through pierced ears. They typically have one partner for life.

Most of their clothing is heavily layered with lots of dresses and cloaks to give them a feeling of security when in public, like a weighted blanket or something to cover their shape so they feel less exposed. Many also cover their sensitive ears when in crowded spaces.

Most of their brain is in their head, but they have 2 smaller clusters to help deal with other sensory information and leave more room for thinking in the main brain. The clusters are located between their front arms (protected by the larger vertebrae and collarbone/shoulder blade their arms connect to up there) and their pelvic girdle.

When interacting with other species, they are known to be very timid and insular among themselves. Unfortunately, xenophobia has a very literal meaning to them since most other species have traits that they instinctively find unsettling as former prey animals, like sharp teeth and claws (similar to what happens when you see a snake or spider, even if you know it won’t or can’t hurt you most people still feel fear). Without proper socialization for both parties, things can get awkward very fast.

[nebelexe]

It's time to learn more about..

Alien-Gene from my AU!

❕I only call him an alien because he's from another planet, he's not exactly what we used to understand by that word(?). In fact, Earthlings are also aliens for someone. Well, you know.

Gene‘s abilities

⋆☀︎. Salava

Under certain conditions, additional glands activate alongside his salivary ones. The two substances mix, forming actual lava. The extra glands cannot work for a while after eating, because their work prevents the release of digestive enzymes.

⋆☀︎. Fire breath

His lungs synthesize methane and hydrogen. After a deep inhale (to gather oxygen), exhaling forces all three gases through his throat, where they ignite.

⋆☀︎. Liftig huge weights

Gene can lift up to 10 tons. His absolute maximum.

⋆☀︎. Extreme heat resistance

Gene is literally invulnerable to temperatures up to 5500 °C (~9950°F)

Features of Gene‘s behavior and structure

⋆☀︎. Wings

Gene can extend draconic wings from his back, with a 10-meter wingspan

⋆☀︎. Hollow bones

His wings are intended to lift his massive body, but only because his bones are hollow, like bird’s. Despite this, they remain incredibly durable.

⋆☀︎. Disguise

The same substances again, but one cell layer. Gene‘s skin cells are able to break down molecules into atoms and deactivate some of them, subsequently converting them into melanin. And so on an infinite number of times. His horns are bones, and he can hide them too, as well as his fangs, which simply press into his jaw and stay there until Gene pushes them back out. Also, unlike Ace, Gene can change the shape of his ears, he does this by "melting" the cartilage and forming them anew.

⋆☀︎. Eating habits

He’ll eat absolutely anything! Favorites include ceramic dishes and ice cream, which is bad for him.

⋆☀︎. Cooling down

Gene’s body temperature is 50°C (122°F). Dropping it too low is dangerous, he’ll weaken and, in the worst case, die. That's why he shouldn't eat too much cold.

⋆☀︎. What about intestine?

Yes, he has a full set of human organs. And yes, he has d!ck too. We won’t show that.

⋆☀︎. Water

Gene is denser than water and sinks like a rock. However, he isn’t afraid of it he knows how to handle himself in the water without harm.

⋆☀︎. Brain function

Gene's brain works differently from Ace's: it is not able to instantly absorb and process huge amounts of information, so he had a harder time learning English than Ace. But Gene's speech is almost indistinguishable from human speech.

Interesting facts

⋆☀︎. He loves sweets very much

⋆☀︎. His hobby is pulling Ace's hair and pissing him off in every possible way. That's how they love each other (=´∀｀)人(´∀｀=)

⋆☀︎. He likes when Ace braids his hair

[swimmingelectron]

And firebenders can tweak the electric signals in someone's body-

But this made me think. Waterbenders can control water molecules and can bend anything the water will bring along. That is why they can bend blood. But waterbenders are also capable of NOT picking up objects that the water is carrying. So they can also dehydrate people, flood their lungs, flood their bladder, flood their digestive track, in turn giving someone diarrhoea, they can give someone a cough and a cold by increasing the volume of their mucus.

This means waterbenders would make great medics, btw. Any water is potable water. Everything is a water container. The most powerful water bender should be able to turn water into ice or steam, access groundwater in the deserts, and be able to make canals and streams.

The earth bender can bend a select range of minerals, but if they work really hard on it, they can bend any of them. Like toph did.

Strong earthbenders should be able to manipulate the very structure of molecules of the minerals so that they can sit on top of one another in a way that makes them pliable, malleable, strong, springy, etc to form the right shape and the right type of earth.

Like the water benders, they have the ability to add pressure and also control the movement of the rocks. Boomi and Toph already demonstrated what crazy fighters earthbenders can make. But i also think about how easily they can poison someone, oversalt them (dehydration 2.0), and calcify organs while the person is alive. They can cause bone cancer, they can break teeth, crush bones to powder, and puncture the internal organs. Manipulate bones did not even cover it.

They could manipulate armour to move to fight wars for the country. They could set flintstone fires without being there. They could weave metal into fabric. So many possibilities. I'm not even mentioning the industrial use, i believe LoK covered that?

Air benders and fire benders are different. Fire bending is easier to cover on an atomic level.

So they can bend heat, basically, right? But also, for some reason, they can channel electricity. The conclusion i am coming to is that they have command over the kinetic energy of individual electrons. That is why it is hard to master.

But this opens possibiliti3s. So i joked that they could modify the electric signals in the brain, but they literally could. But they can do so much more. Because this isn't atomic, it is subatomic. Yes, they can heat (and cool) things. Yes, they can use electricity. But if they can move electrons? So much more. They can change the properties of things. I can't even begin to list them. They can cut things, they can mend things seamlessly, and they can perform alchemy, changing the very structure of the atom. But that means it is an extremely volatile ability. Even the strongest bender would have to work these things one at a time or risk radiation.

Lastly, we have airbenders. There's two things that could be manipulating just air. One, they can move only free atoms. Which actually fits in with the heirarchy of molecular bonds of earth bender, molecules of water benders, airbenders with free atoms, and firebenders with subatomic electrons.

The other one would be the ability to create vacuums in space, and the air follows the small vacuums. Seeing how rigorously airbenders train, that seems the likely option despite the harmony from the other one. And then, the air bicycle is not possible. Which means. The airbenders just were into aesthetics and acting like a cult. Oh well, that's ok.

Aang has proven that airbenders can lift things with air. Heavy, dense things. They can probably aerosolise any atoms. Basically, they could pick atoms to put next to each other and let them form molecules. Airbending air out of lungs is probably the easiest thing. They can literally travel to space and make their own space suit. Out of air. Their scuba diving gas tank can be made out of literal air.

[joekitsu]

Kryptonians: Fungal Analogues?

A semi-comprehensive study by Kitsu

X / Next ->

Overview: To analyse the anatomy and communal habits of the alien species Kryptona filius [Latin, Kryptona: <of> Krypton - native planet; filius: ‘child/son’ (Child of Krypton)], common name ‘Kryptonians’ for documentation and further research.

Krypton is a Planet with a red sun in Sector 1003 (see Green Lantern corps documentation), with a diverse biosphere and a highly intelligent dominant species. Kryptonians, as they have been named, look to be quite humanoid (bipedal with 4 limbs and a distinct cranial space). On a surface level, they appear to share physical traits with human kind, but that seems to be where their similarities end.

They show technological advancements beyond human levels, heirarchal systems, guilds and a well established henotheistic religious system.

[Rao-orthodox Religion, also known as Raoism for short, is the primary religion of Krypton. Adherents of this religion worship the god Rao, which is based on the planet’s sun. The religion also includes a pantheon of 14 major deities, 203 demigods, and over 1000 Titans. The religion’s main sacred text is ‘the Book of Rao’, which contains a wealth of religious and historical information.]

Running Hypothesis: Kryptonians have exhibited habits analogous to Earth-based fungal growth habits (reproductive and communal). Traits appear to be based on environmental factors (climatic conditions, food availability, cross species interactions, etc.), and can be pinpointed to certain specific fungal species.

It is to be noted that characteristics of multiple related or non-related fungi appear commonly in their species. Morphological differences within each community emerge from genetic mutations and extensive species isolation to their respective biome conditions.

Addressed topics: Anatomical and ethological topics to be covered as follows -

Organ systems (A) [Common features]

Morphological differences in isolated communities (A) [Biome-based classification]

Mode of nutrition and dietary habits (A)

Pathogenic resistance (A)

Cross-community interactions (C)

Parent-offspring relationships (C)

Heirarchal structures and Socio-politics (C)

Topic 1: Organ systems:

General overview of anatomy -

Kryptonians appear to share some morphological characteristics with humans and other alien species, specifically their neural network being largely concentrated in the head (cranium) and a similar facial structure. Studies have shown that the number of neural connections in the brain of an adult Kryptonian far surpasses the number of connections in a human adult (there are approx. 142 billion neurons in a Kryptonian brain as compared to the approx. 86 billion of a human). These connections appear to be heavily interlinked with each other, often overlapping and forming multiple associations (perhaps this explains their extraordinary memory). The synaptic plasticity of the Kryptonian brain is high, forming new connections and strengthening itself constantly.

For as advanced as the brain of a Kryptonian is, their body anatomy is much simpler and way more different than expected.

Respiratory system:

Kryptonians appear to not have a complex respiratory network, instead possessing something similar to amphibians and mushrooms.

The atmospheric composition of Krypton is found to largely be nitrogen [89%] followed by oxygen [10%] and other gases (Carbon dioxide, noble gases, water vapour, etc,.) [1%]. Kryptonian bodies appear to be aerobic, breathing mainly through thin layers of porous and delicate skin. The epidermis consists of a few tough, highly porous outer layers that protect the body from physical damage and thin inner layers capable of filtering impurities and unneeded molecules from the air taken in by the Kryptonian. The inner layers directly filter into their version of a circulatory system via diffusion.

The inner layers of skin are highly folded over one another to increase surface area for absorption, resembling the gills of a mushroom.

Considering the lack of a respiratory organ like the lung of a human, the presence of structures similar to nostrils on the ‘face’ of a Kryptonian stumps researchers. Some suggest a more direct and concentrated oxygen source to the neural network [the ‘nostrils’ are lined with multiple heavily folded layers of ‘gills’, twice more than other areas of the body], and it is the most accepted hypothesis.

(Case 1; Subject Kal-El:

- In the presence of a yellow sun [radiation], a Kryptonian's skin becomes impervious to physical damage and regenerates at a speed quadruple the original. Conversely, in the presence of Green Kryptonite [radioactive mineral - mainly emitting beta- and gamma-radiation; Kryptonian origin], the same skin deteriorates, losing its integrity and becoming weaker. Additionally, different variants of the Kryptonite seem to affect the skin differently. Further studies into these effects to be done.

- Krypton's atmospheric oxygen levels are very low when compared to that of Earth, which points to Kryptonians not being as dependent on oxygen as a human and/or possessing an extremely efficient respiratory system and cells that utilize the least oxygen possible. Upon analysis, Kal-El exhibits a higher reading of dissolved oxygen in the blood than strictly necessary. The effects of increased oxygen levels to be studied: potential for oxygen poisoning? Is the increased regeneration provided by the yellow sun responsible for uninterrupted life?)

Circulatory system:

Kryptonians lack complex networks of vessels that carry 'blood' to their cells; they lack a lymphocytic system all together. Their plasma-like fluid [water based, carrying proteins, hormones, enzymes, etc,.] flows freely into the coelom (i,e., fluid-filled body cavity) carrying dissolved oxygen and nutrients. This 'blood' lacks blood cells and platelets, distributing oxygen via wide-spread diffusion instead.

Despite lacking hemoglobin, Kryptonian blood appears red in colour due to the presence of a pigment atromentin [IUPAC name: (2,5-dihydroxy-3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-benzoquinone)], a naturally occurring organic molecule found in Agaricomycetes fungi in the orders Agaricales and Thelephorales . It possesses properties similar to heparin, an anticoagulant used in medical practises.

<attached below: Chemical structure of atromentin>

<attached below: synthesis of atromentin and its derivatives>

Young Kryptonians show a bright red pigment while older Kryptonians show a duller, muted red. The corelation to their health is so far unknown.

Digestive system:

Kryptonians do not have a complex multi-organ system for digestion. Instead, they possess one dense, oddly crystalline organ in their torso that directly connects to their mouths via an oesophagus-like structure. This organ [now named 'The Core' for aesthetic purposes; the junior researchers were enthusiastic in naming it as such] contains highly destructive enzymes that are capable of digesting a vast array of materials harmful to other organisms with ease. Subject Kal-El has eaten various materials, including and not limited to: rocks, metal, uncooked meat, overcooked meat, radioactive materials (uranium, caesium), magma, etc,.

Each subspecies of Kryptonians exhibit different dietary habits based on their biomes and specific adaptations, which will be separately explored later on.

The core has separate sections that target specific nutrients, breaking them down and absorbing them, filtering directly into the circulatory system to be transported to the cells. The Kryptonian digestive system is very effective, producing very little in terms of food waste. The waste is transported to an organ analogous to the large intestine in function [aptly named the Intestine] and is excreted via an anal opening.

Kryptonians also seem to not produce nitrogen-based waste (ammonia, urea and uric acid), instead using them for growth and metabolism. They utilize specialized cells for nitrogen fixation, recycling the nitrogen compounds into compounds useful for the body. Whatever meagre amounts are left out are transported to the intestine and excreted with the food waste.

Nervous system:

Kryptonian bodies have a well developed nervous system, consisting of specialized nerve cells that react to stimulus and pain. The receptors for pain appear to be less sensitive than those of a human, pointing towards a different pain threshold for the species.

The Central Nervous system is analogous to the human CNS, perhaps even more advanced. The Peripheral Nervous system is widespread and lightning quick, allowing for extremely fast reflexes, extreme control of bodily functions and heightened senses for survival.

(Case 2; Subject Kal-El: The presence of the yellow sun's radiation appears to have enhanced the Nervous system of the subject, increasing his senses to levels much much higher than animal life on earth, along with seemingly unrelated abilities that do not necessarily tie into general bodily functions i,e., 'lazer' vision, flight, etc,. The effects are to be studied further. To determine if there is a preceding condition to awaken such abilities.)

Skeletal (and Muscular) system:

The Kryptonian skeletal system is largely made up of cells with high depositions of calcium in them. These cells do not replicate, nor do they grow. They are functionally dead, similar to the nails and hair of a human.

The skeletal system of a Kryptonian appears to be analogous to a human, with a formed cranium, a dorsal spine, a formed ribcage, a pelvic girdle, etc,. These 'bones' form joints and are connected by mycelium-like cells analogous to muscles.

Curiously, their skeletal system seems to have some amount of caesium and its isotope in the structure. The essential nature of caesium in the Kryptonian anatomy is a debated topic amongst researchers till date.

Endocrine system:

The Kryptonian endocrine system consists of multiple specialized cell clusters forming 'glands'. These glands secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system.

Since the circulatory system is open, specific cells have signalling systems for different hormones (Ex: reproductive hormones acting specifically on the reproductive system; growth factors influencing every cell in the body).

The endocrine system consists of glands that produce growth factors [compounds similar in structure and function to plant hormones], reproductive hormones, response hormones [adrenaline, noradrenaline, etc,.], mood affecting hormones, and insulin, glucagon and somatostatin [hormones produced by the pancreas; regulate blood sugar levels].

Reproductive system:

The reproductive habits of Kryptonians are interesting: they are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction [parthenogenesis] based on the conditions.

Generally, there exists a sexual dimorphism between the sexes; differing gametes and reproductive organs. However, some subspecies of Kryptonians do not exhibit sexual dimorphism amongst themselves ( a topic that will be explored later in detail with regards to the subspecies).

Kryptonian reproductive habits are closely linked to their social conventions as well. Unions between different subspecies has been encouraged to promote genetic diversity and combat the isolation of each subspecies (more in Topics 5 through 7).

Next Section ->

Aight Fungi!Kryptonians are stuck in brain (thank you circus you know who you are) and I’ve delved too deep into the trenches now I’ve got ThoughtsTM and they aren’t leaving we gotta write. This took wayyyyyy too long to put together and I am not satisfied with the level of detail on some of these sections, maybe I'll revist them if people ask about it. I had to make a whole naming convention for this 💀 maybe I'll compile that sometime

Anyways this is just a silly au I made up, it is fantasy through and through, I am simply using fungi as a base for this specific iteration of kryptonian biology :3 please don't come at me for accuracy.

Reference fungi used:

Bleeding Tooth Fungus [Hydnellum peckii] - Atromentin pigment for red blood

Image sources: Wikipedia, ScienceDirect.com

@skylariumrose @murmeloni thank you for your help in the making of this monstrosity :3 yall and Beef and Nomer are the circus

@cheriecelestial :3 it's here

[reasonsforhope]

"A team at Northwestern University has come up with the term “dancing molecules” to describe an invention of synthetic nanofibers which they say have the potential to quicken the regeneration of cartilage damage beyond what our body is capable of.

The moniker was coined back in November 2021, when the same team introduced an injection of these molecules to repair tissues and reverse paralysis after severe spinal cord injuries in mice.

Now they’ve applied the same therapeutic strategy to damaged human cartilage cells. In a new study, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the treatment activated the gene expression necessary to regenerate cartilage within just four hours.

And, after only three days, the human cells produced protein components needed for cartilage regeneration, something humans can’t do in adulthood.

The conceptual mechanisms of the dancing molecules work through cellular receptors located on the exterior of the cell membrane. These receptors are the gateways for thousands of compounds that run a myriad of processes in biology, but they exist in dense crowds constantly moving about on the cell membrane.

The dancing molecules quickly form synthetic nanofibers that move according to their chemical structure. They mimic the extracellular matrix of the surrounding tissue, and by ‘dancing’ these fibers can keep up with the movement of the cell receptors. By adding biological signaling receptors, the whole assemblage can functionally move and communicate with cells like natural biology.

“Cellular receptors constantly move around,” said Northwestern Professor of Materials Sciences Samuel Stupp, who led the study. “By making our molecules move, ‘dance’ or even leap temporarily out of these structures, known as supramolecular polymers, they are able to connect more effectively with receptors.”

The target of their work is the nearly 530 million people around the globe living with osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease in which tissues in joints break down over time, resulting in one of the most common forms of morbidity and disability.

“Current treatments aim to slow disease progression or postpone inevitable joint replacement,” Stupp said. “There are no regenerative options because humans do not have an inherent capacity to regenerate cartilage in adulthood.”

In the new study, Stupp and his team looked to the receptors for a specific protein critical for cartilage formation and maintenance. To target this receptor, the team developed a new circular peptide that mimics the bioactive signal of the protein, which is called transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFb-1).

Northwestern U. Press then reported that the researchers incorporated this peptide into two different molecules that interact to form supramolecular polymers in water, each with the same ability to mimic TGFb-1...

“With the success of the study in human cartilage cells, we predict that cartilage regeneration will be greatly enhanced when used in highly translational pre-clinical models,” Stupp said. “It should develop into a novel bioactive material for regeneration of cartilage tissue in joints.”

“We are beginning to see the tremendous breadth of conditions that this fundamental discovery on ‘dancing molecules’ could apply to,” Stupp said. “Controlling supramolecular motion through chemical design appears to be a powerful tool to increase efficacy for a range of regenerative therapies.”"

-via Good News Network, August 5, 2024

[radical-revolution]

Your body is 70% water, and sound changes the shape of the water. Imagine what it does to you…

The frequency of water

But water has way more mysteries than its structure. And this was demonstrated by the Japanese pseudoscientist Masaru Emoto, after running an experiment that showed how water reacts to different vibrations. Highly controversial, his experiment was published in a New York Times Best Seller book – The Hidden Messages in Water. How ever, it is obvious that water is easily influenced by movement. And sound creates a movement which affects the water. Other experiments show that water reacts to frequency. And the frequency describes the number of waves that pass a fixed place in a given amount of time. Sound vibrations of different frequencies cause matter, including water, to resonate with that frequency. Certain frequencies pull discordant matter into a universal balance while other frequencies pull the matter into chaos. The lowest resonance of the water molecule is 22.235 GHz. The lowest the frequency, the denser the energy and the heavier everything seams. Lower frequencies tend to pair with negative charges and on the opposite, higher frequencies tend to resonate with positive charges. There is agreement among science, medicine, and metaphysics that certain frequencies can repel disease, and specific frequencies can destroy disease. When parts of the body become stressed or dis-eased it means that they are not vibrating at their optimal resonant frequency. One researcher, Bruce Tainio, found that a healthy human body resonates at a frequency of 62-70 MHz. Obviously, drinking water can raise our vibration. But not all water has high vibration. Stillness to water is like death to human. Therefore, it is important for the water to move in order to keep its vibration. Also, bacteria and viruses that might be in the water can lower its frequency with their low frequency. Words, thoughts and intentions have their vibrations too and can be used to raise the vibration of water or bodies.

[talonabraxas]

The true origin and purpose of the pyramids

Basic theory of pyramidology is, that inside of a pyramid is accumulating and transforming universal energy called "orgon". Pyramids in their principal shape polarizing physical vacuum on both contradictory energies that is why they can act both as a transmitter or receiver, is a vibrational device which is able to receive, transform, concentrate, direct and emit energy. In an ancient Egypt they were energizing and uplifting vibrations in whole society.

Pyramid contains of a two words "pyro" or fire and "amid" or center. Pyramid is a device with fire in the center. Where center is well known king's chamber. Precisely in this center most of an energy is concentrated from where it spiraling to the top.

Builders of Egyptian pyramids used technique of harmonic resonance. They strictly observe measurements and proportions, which allows connection to the Earth's harmonics vibrations. Using words sacral geometry in a connection with pyramids we mean, that a builders were using same proportions and ratios, which we can find in nature and whole universe namely golden section (phi Φ=1.618033...)

They were also using a principles of resonance and sound to neutralize earth's gravity to be able to move a massive blocks. This effect occurs by tuning sound source to an exact frequency of a material. Pyramids where also connected to cooperative complex.

Egyptian pyramids were build mostly of limestone and crystal. Atoms of crystal vibrate at the same frequency as a planet earth, by this resonance an electric piezoelectric effect is occurring in inner mass of pyramid . Where one form of limestone is used as a isolating material the other form with magnesium is used as a negatively charged coat of an pyramid. It's acting like a massive wire. Granite is slightly radioactive which helps to ionizing air in all passages and caverns. Great Pyramid of Giza has also spiritual connection mostly to Orion and Sirius.

One of the functions of a pyramid is star gate and multiverse vortex. Pyramid as a portal allows people to reconnect with a source unity consciousness field. Energy of a pyramid reacts to operator's thoughts and intentions. It's acting like a huge amplifier for manifestation reality whatever it is healing, communication or interdimensional or astral travelling.

Energy of pyramid

Pyramidal energy of high vibrations calls cosmic is relating to torsion fields. It is favorable for human body and mind and other living beings. This energy is optically breaks, reflect and polarizing similarity to visible light. Pyramids walls attracting energy inside in all directions. This concentrated energy is affecting molecules or crystal structures of matter within a range of pyramid.

Scientists proved that no matter of a proportions, pyramids are amplifying mentioned energies of torsion fields (cosmic energies) and also energies of electromagnetic spectrum. American scientist Dr. Flanagan says, that Cheops pyramid concentrating energies in a very high frequencies and that is based on fact it has five angles. These corner angles of a pyramid concentrates and directing into energy beam where all four meets in the kings chamber.

Pyramidal energy is healthy for human organism as well as environment around and has multifunctional purpose. It strengthens the organism, heals humans and animals diseases, eases a pain of any kind, quickens healing of ambustion. Pyramid is also good for keeping a food fresh and healthy. Great for balancing a water for drinking or watering your vegetable and fruit. Softens taste of coffee, tea and quickens a germination of seeds. Growing never been faster than when you using a pyramidal energy. Strengthens a vitality, defends reproduce bacteria and microorganism which causes a break up of an organic matter. Living cells would not be affected by dehydratation as it still holds an electric charge and that is why plants or bodies would not be affected. Paradoxically if you like to slow down growth of your plants you don't give them any water they will still keeping very well under the pyramid and wouldn't need watering for a long time.

Many people have been personally convinced, that a pyramid is able to recharge our bodies when we are feeling exhausted, heals and tune our biological processes, but also gives us a tool to work with our psyche, consciousness and better connection to a higher frequencies and dimensions of reality. It's only up to us to what extend we are capable of operating these emitters. Many researchers were made in a wide range of branches as for example biochemistry, medical, agriculture, electronics or practical use for every day of life.

Pyramid Meditation and Manifestation Practices

Because of their physical properties and symbolic meanings, pyramids can be used in spiritual, meditation, and manifestation practices. Here are some ways you can use them to expand consciousness and receptivity to spiritual guidance:

1. Focus and Alignment

Just as pyramids form a point, or apex, at their top, they can represent focusing your attention in meditation. Some people find focusing on a mandala or lotus flower can help to reorient wandering thoughts in meditation. The pyramid can serve in the same fashion, whether it’s a figurine, a piece of art, or even in your imaginations.

In addition, you can focus your thoughts on moving up from the base of the pyramid, which can represent your experience in the material world to its pinnacle, which can represent a higher state of consciousness.

2. Energy Channeling

Pyramids are thought to channel cosmic energy, making them helpful tools for energy and even healing sessions. Placing a small pyramid on or near the head or body during energy and healing sessions is said to help balance and harmonize the body’s energy fields.

3. Manifestation Amplifier

The stable base and ascending sides of a pyramid can also symbolize staying grounded in the earthly plane while reaching for higher goals.

Writing down your intentions and placing them under a pyramid can be a helpful ritual in your manifestation practice. It can also serve as a request for blessings from higher powers when it comes to your endeavors.

4. Generating Creative Ideas

Given their association with enhancing focus and channeling energy, pyramids can be in creativity and problem solving when you want to channel higher energies and spiritual guidance.

In addition, the presence of a pyramid shape can serve as a visual and energetic reminder of your goals, aspirations, and unlimited capacity to create.

5. Gateways

Reflecting ancient practices, pyramids can be used as symbolic gateways during spiritual initiations or significant transitions, representing the journey from one state of consciousness to another.

This can involve meditating within or near pyramid structures to tap into transformative energies.

6. Enhancing a Sacred Space

Incorporating pyramids into the design of a creative, meditation, or other sacred space can elevate the area’s vibrational qualities. The pyramid’s base provides stability and grounding, while its ascending sides support creativity, the quest for higher wisdom, and spiritual ascension.

Energy Pyramid Real Fun, Wow!