#criteria applying procedure

[mariacallous]

 Our Nation has made tremendous progress in advancing the cause of equality for LGBTQI+ Americans, including in the military.  Despite their courage and great sacrifice, thousands of LGBTQI+ service members were forced out of the military because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.  Many of these patriotic Americans were subject to a court-martial.  While my Administration has taken meaningful action to remedy these problems, the impact of that historical injustice remains.  As Commander in Chief, I am committed to maintaining the finest fighting force in the world.  That means making sure that every member of our military feels safe and respected.

     Accordingly, acting pursuant to the grant of authority in Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution of the United States, I, Joseph R. Biden Jr., do hereby grant a full, complete, and unconditional pardon to persons convicted of unaggravated offenses based on consensual, private conduct with persons age 18 and older under former Article 125 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), as previously codified at 10 U.S.C. 925, as well as attempts, conspiracies, and solicitations to commit such acts under Articles 80, 81, and 82, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. 880, 881, 882.  This proclamation applies to convictions during the period from Article 125’s effective date of May 31, 1951, through the December 26, 2013, enactment of section 1707 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113-66).

     The purpose of this proclamation is to pardon only offenses based on consensual, private conduct between individuals 18 and older that do not involve any aggravating factor, including:  

     (1)  conduct that would violate 10 U.S.C. 893a, prohibiting activities with military recruits or trainees by a person in a position of special trust;      (2)  conduct that was committed with an individual who was coerced or, because of status, might not have felt able to refuse consent;      (3)  conduct on the part of the applicant constituting fraternization under Article 134 of the UCMJ;      (4)  conduct committed with the spouse of another military member; or      (5)  any factors other than those listed above that were identified by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces in United States v. Marcum as being outside the scope of Lawrence v. Texas as applied in the military context, 60 M.J. 198, 207–08 (2004).

     The Military Departments (Army, Navy, or Air Force), or in the case of the Coast Guard, the Department of Homeland Security, in conjunction with the Department of Justice, shall provide information about and publicize application procedures for certificates of pardon.  An applicant for a certificate of pardon under this proclamation is to submit an application to the Military Department (Army, Navy, or Air Force) that conducted the court-martial or, in the case of a Coast Guard court-martial, to the Department of Homeland Security.  If the relevant Department determines that the applicant satisfies the criteria under this proclamation, following a review of relevant military justice records, the Department shall submit that determination to the Attorney General, acting through the Pardon Attorney, who shall then issue a certificate of pardon along with information on the process to apply for an upgrade of military discharge.  My Administration strongly encourages veterans who receive a certificate of pardon to apply for an upgrade of military discharge.  

     Although the pardon under this proclamation applies only to the convictions described above, there are other LGBTQI+ individuals who served our Nation and were convicted of other crimes because of their sexual orientation or gender identity.  It is the policy of my Administration to expeditiously consider and to make final pardon determinations with respect to such individuals.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-eighth.                              JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.

[peaceblank]

Should I pursue a degree as pathology assistant, it pays well, but I'd have to stick around in this job, and I dont want to go back to school again.

[literaryvein-reblogs]

Writing a "Wise" Character

Wisdom

The ability of an individual to make sound decisions, to find the right—or at least good—answers to difficult and important life questions, and to give advice about the complex problems of everyday life and interpersonal relationships.

The role of knowledge and life experience and the importance of applying knowledge toward a common good through balancing one’s own, others’, and institutional interests are two perspectives that have received significant psychological study.

Aristotle believed in 2 types of wisdom:

Theoretical - involves the exploration of things we can’t change, but about which we seek truth.

Practical - explores that which we can change through making good choices (Lacewing, n.d.).

Descartes viewed wisdom as:

good judgment in everyday life and

seeking knowledge in all things one is able (Rutherford, 2017).

Confucius said, "By 3 methods we may learn wisdom:

First, by reflection, which is noblest;

Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and

third by experience, which is the bitterest."

Although a definition is difficult to come by, agreement on what wisdom is not, have been much easier.

Researchers agree that wisdom isn’t a result of aging.

They also believe that higher IQ scores don’t equal increased wisdom.

What role does age play in attaining wisdom? Can a child be wise?

Current research indicates that the “optimal age to attain wisdom is about 60 years old” (Compton & Hoffman, 2013, p. 201).

Balance Theory of Wisdom

By Robert Sternberg

He defines wisdom as “using one’s:

intelligence,

creativity,

common sense, and

knowledge” to balance 3 life domains:

They are interpersonal, intra-personal, and extra-personal interests.

People do this over the short and long-term.

The goal is to achieve balance among:

adaptation to current environments,

shaping of those environments, and

choosing a new environment

Baltes and Staudinger (2000, p. 124) define wisdom as “expertise in the fundamental pragmatics of life.” This is further defined as “knowledge and judgment about the essence of the human condition and the ways and means of planning, managing, and understanding a good life.”

Through their research, they developed 5 criteria for evaluating wisdom-related performance:

Factual (declarative) knowledge which asks, ‘What does one know about human nature, interpersonal relations, and social norms?’

Procedural knowledge criteria answers, ‘What strategies does one use to navigate the twists and turns of life?’

Lifespan contextualism criteria consider questions like, ‘Where does everything fit?’ ‘How are things interconnected?’ and ‘How are the various roles – education, family, etc. connected?’

The relativism of values and life priorities allows for the tolerance of differences in values between people.

Recognition of and management of uncertainty criteria acknowledges that we don’t know everything. There are limits to human processing.

Ardelt (2004, p. 257) in contrast to Baltes and Staudinger (2000), viewed wisdom as an “integration of cognitive, reflective, and affective personality characteristics.”

She argues that preserved wisdom (writings) represent theoretical (intellectual) knowledge.

This knowledge doesn’t become wisdom until or unless the person internalizes it.

For this to happen a person must experience the truth contained in the preserved wisdom. Doing this leads to the person becoming wise(r).

Meeks and Jeste (2009) reviewed the wisdom literature and identified common areas. From their review, they created the 6 sub-components of wisdom:

Prosocial attitudes/behaviors: promotion of common good, empathy, social cooperation, and altruism

Social decision making/pragmatic knowledge of life: understanding others’ emotions and motivations and using the information to make “wise” social decisions

Emotional homeostasis: self-control and impulse control; ability to manage oneself in challenging situations

Reflection/self-understanding: self-knowledge

Value relativism/tolerance: perspective-taking behavior

Acknowledgment of and dealing effectively with uncertainty or ambiguity: navigating uncertainty and acknowledging/accepting the limits of what one knows.

Their review also is interesting for its inclusion of specific brain regions believed to play a role in the 6 sub-components.

Peterson and Seligman (2004, p. 39) define wisdom as “knowledge hard fought for, and then used for good.”

They describe it as a noble virtue or trait — one that people appreciate in others.

To date, 5 strengths fall beneath the wisdom umbrella in their research:

Creativity

Curiosity

Judgment

Love of Learning

Perspective

Each of these strengths exists in every person to some degree.

They also can increase in prominence as you learn to use them more.

These strengths are part of a larger list consisting of 24.

The measurement of wisdom is challenging, but not impossible. Most research falls into one of 3 areas:

wise process

wise product, or

wise persons

It’s the combination of these 3 that yields what researchers now agree about: Wise products are generated by wise persons using wise processes.

Issues

Character strengths can be over/underused.

The goal is to achieve optimal use of each of the 24 as needed.

Following are examples of issues arising from over/under use of particular strengths (Niemiec, 2018).

Extreme creativity leads to eccentricity, but a lack of it leads to conformity. We strive for adaptive originality.

Someone who is overly curious is nosy, but a lack of curiosity leads to disinterest. Strive for a balance between exploration/seeking novelty.

Narrow-mindedness and cynicism are judgment “gone bad.” People who lack good judgment tend to skip reflecting on situations. Balanced use marries critical thinking and rationality.

Know-it-alls flaunt their love of learning. Complacent people don’t care. Strive for deepening your knowledge systematically.

Extreme use of perspective is overbearing, and a lack of it is shallowness. A wider view is optimal.

Sources: 1 2 3 ⚜ More: Notes & References ⚜ Writing Resources PDFs

[feministfang]

Beauty culture is extremely normalised to the point women who refuse to conform to beauty standards because they love their natural selves get labelled "pick mes" by none other than self-proclaimed feminists themselves. Patriarchal society has conditioned women to be insecure about each and every feature of their faces or bodies it has deemed as a flaw due to which the idea of a natural looking woman is someone hideous and unattractive for many young women.

These insecure women have build up this one image of a natural female appearance in their minds which they describe as unattractive, and as a consequence, women who naturally do not fit into that unattractive-labelled box get hated on. I am sure we all have encountered at least one gossipmonger in our lives who would assume every woman who does not fit into that box has done something with her face or body because ‘ain’t no way a woman can be naturally beautiful’.

*Woman with rosy cheeks exists* — ‘Oh she must have applied makeup’

*Woman with no dark circles exists* — ‘hey what concealer do you use?’

*Woman with a smooth skin exists* — ‘drop the skincare routine!’

*Woman with big lips exists* — ‘definitely lip filler’

*Woman in her thirties exists* — ‘Botox! Botox! Definitely cosmetic surgery! She doesn’t look like a grandma!’

*Woman loving her natural self exists* — ‘How dare you think you’re not like other girls! Pick me!’

Women get bodyshamed if we do fit into the "ugly-looking" criteria. Women get hated on if we do not. Women are supposed to be hideously flawed if they defy beauty culture. Women with even one less flaw must admit they obey beauty culture. No matter how many times you ditch the beauty standards, you will never escape this nonsense.

I have a message for these insecure clowns:

There is nothing imperfect about you. What’s considered perfect and what’s considered imperfect on a woman is all a patriarchal set up to push us into being weak and desirable for men. Women’s insecurities have risen up along with the rise of feminism to ensure that independent women rejecting traditional gender roles are still submissive and pleasing men. Don’t waste your hard-earned money on expensive cosmetic procedures to look pretty because you are already naturally beautiful. And it doesn’t matter if your natural self is socially desirable or not, women don’t owe beauty to anybody. Please think critically of why you feel insecure about something and why do you even call it a flaw.

But on a strict note, in case you still got time to take out your brain back from the patriarchy’s washing machine, at least refrain from pulling us all down to the level of extreme self-hate where you stand. All women are perfect already. There’s no serious requirement of hiding anything or changing ourselves. But i understand if you cannot relate for now! What you see in others is a direct reflection of yours. But just because you think you are hideous does not mean every woman thinks the same way. Self-love is our only beauty routine so let us love ourselves. 🩷

[subdee]

But who's making vaccine policy? Well, the CDC - which is the nation's most trusted federal agency - convenes the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. This is made up of a dozen or so medical, public health, and immunization experts - mostly from outside of government. People are nominated by their peers, or apply. They're not political appointees; there are rigorous criteria for even being considered.

The ACIP carefully reviews science and implementation practice in order to develop recommendations. They work in the open - their policies and procedures are all published online, they review science and cite their sources, and they make clear, evidence-based recommendations. These recommendations are accepted by the vast majority of health care providers.

In short, it's not "the government." It's not stuff that gets argued about on cable news, or stuff that gets lawn signs made about it, or social media disinformation campaigns.

It's more or less the gold standard for how policy should be made.

And frankly - when it comes to public health - yeah, that's your government. That's your deep state. Your civil service - your often unionized workforce. People doing careful science out of a deep and abiding commitment to health, wellbeing, and collectivity. People who want policy to be guided by evidence - people who are committed to outcomes, not ideology. People who will never hear "thank you for your service" but are here for you anyway.

This is the advisory panel that RFK, Jr just fired all 17 members of so he can get a "clean slate" on vaccination advice to the public (aka, pull proven effective vaccines until the CDC can "review" them and then never fund the review).

There's an open comment period until June 20th, 2025, on regulations.gov so US residents go ahead and let these bozos know what we think of their attempt to let large numbers of us die from preventable diseases out of some misguided Christian notion that if we live a virtuous lifestyle we'll be rewarded with good health.

[sayahastoomanyblogs]

Let me tell you a little story.

In a world quite like ours, there lived an extraordinary boy. He had been raised in a facility with the sole intent of raising him into a genius, regardless of his genes. He spent his entire childhood not knowing what the touch of another human felt like, or what feelings one held for their parents.

He wasn't the only one in the facility, but he was by far the best, the closest thing they'd ever produced to an ideal human being. He was skilled in almost every way imaginable, and unfeeling. Cold logic guided him, and he never batted an eye at peers who succumbed to the extreme procedures. Those who didn't lose their sanity or their life partway, ended up being dissatisfactory, unable to catch up to the boy.

His Father was proud of himself for having made something so close to his dream, but wasn't ready to stop until he really was perfect. For Father, "almost" wasn't close enough.

Life changed for the boy when he decided to run away from the facility and attend high school in the outside world. Father held all outsiders in contempt, but the boy was convinced his education wouldn't be complete until he experienced their customs firsthand.

Knowing he would stick out in most regular schools, he devised a careful plan. He enrolled in the best boarding school in his country, one that did not allow any interaction with families.

His aim was to live the perfectly average, most ordinary life possible. For 3 years at the school, he wished to fade into the background. For once, he wanted to go unnoticed.

However, fate is a cruel thing. The chairman of the school turned out to be a former assistant to Father. They had disagreed on the harshness of the methods employed in the facility, which was why they broke ties. The chairman had, for some time, watched the boy grow, and understood his wish.

Father tried many times to force the boy's hand and make him return to the facility, but the chairman and school protected him. The cost for this was the boy's anonymity, which he had to give in order to be deemed worthy of protection.

Due to such twisted conditions, this boy ended up having to meticulously control everything he did. The exact class average score on every test, the way of speech that borrowed a little from everyone, only being as athletic as everyone else. He'd calculate how much to mess up intentionally.

If you realised this was Kiyotaka Ayanokoji, congrats. If not, you know now. However, this isn't something I brought up randomly.

I came to the realisation that AI models, particularly those run through machine learning, work pretty much the same way.

At any given point, the model has access to a huge, diverse data set that was used to train and test it.

When you ask an nlp model to "write a robert frost poem", for example, it has access to all the poems robert frost has ever written, but rather than picking out one entry that ranks highest on certain parameters (popularity, theme, date of origin, etc.) and copy pasting it, it does something else.

The model uses a bunch of objects that all rank high on those parameters, and are also close to one another. Say road not taken ranks highest on those 3 criteria from earlier, then fire and ice, then crow. It'll take several such poems going down the list, then chop and mix into a word salad.

After this, it applies syntax and semantic rules to the salad, and serves it up to the prompter.

While contemplating today how human Ayanokoji is, I just thought this might be an interesting connection. The thing is, most people like us more when we copy them, and all people are a trait salad of those who affect them, but we're still far from sentient AI, despite ANNs existing.

I'd say this is because the AI doesn't control its emulation of others. It doesn't choose how much to rely on what, and it cannot take basic decisions like "what to do" when there isn't any condition or prompt attached.

Meanwhile, Ayanokoji is human, even if his upbringing makes him different. He chose to run, chose to help people and make friends. All his alliances, all his plans, all of it boils down to him wanting. Wanting to stay at school, wanting an average life. Hell, he even chose to learn how to love people.

Also, he does control who he's behaving like. Not Hirata, or Yamauchi, or Koenji, even though it may seem logical at first to be a mix of his classmates. He's aware he'll blend in more by behaving like common people outside of the school, and can choose to do so.

All this to say, AI isn't gonna become sentient any time soon, it's literally just a salad maker. It has no autonomy as such, only the ability to compare methods and choose one that gives best output with least resources. It does not choose what to do, only how.

Thank you for coming to my Ted Talk.

[sankhla]

Understanding the Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959

In a country as vast and populous as India, connecting job seekers with employers is both a necessity and a challenge. To bridge this gap and streamline the process of employment generation, the Government of India enacted the Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959. This legislation plays a critical role in the nation’s employment ecosystem, ensuring that job opportunities are effectively communicated and accessible to suitable candidates through employment exchanges.

Objective of the Act

The primary purpose of the Employment Exchanges Act is to make it mandatory for employers in certain sectors to notify vacancies to designated employment exchanges before filling them. This is done to:

Facilitate the collection and dissemination of employment data.

Help job seekers access employment opportunities.

Assist the government in formulating employment policies based on real-time market demand.

Applicability of the Act

The Act applies to all establishments in the public sector and to those private sector establishments where 25 or more persons are employed. However, certain employment categories are exempted, such as:

Vacancies in agriculture (including horticulture) in the private sector.

Vacancies with a duration of less than three months.

Domestic services.

Unskilled office work.

Employment connected with the staff of Parliament.

This Act does not apply to employment in the armed forces or to casual labor.

Key Provisions

Under the Act, employers are required to notify all vacancies to the appropriate employment exchanges before filling them. This includes any new posts that arise due to business expansion or replacement needs. However, it's important to note that the Act does not impose an obligation on the employer to recruit candidates only through the employment exchanges. It merely mandates that vacancies must be notified, not necessarily filled through them.

Additionally, the Act mandates employers to furnish prescribed information or returns related to employment positions, number of employees, occupational details, and salaries. This helps in generating labor market intelligence for effective manpower planning and policy development.

Role of Employment Exchanges

Employment exchanges serve as a platform to match job seekers with employers. Once a vacancy is notified, it is advertised through the employment exchange's network. Candidates who are registered with the exchange and match the job criteria are then referred to the employer for further selection procedures.

These exchanges also help gather valuable data on job trends, skills in demand, and employment rates, which aid the government in policy formulation and job training initiatives.

Compliance Requirements

Employers who fall under the purview of the Act are required to comply with the following:

Notify vacancies in the prescribed format within the specified time.

Submit periodic returns regarding current employment strength and new vacancies.

Maintain records as required under the Act for inspection.

Non-compliance may result in penalties, although these are relatively nominal. Nevertheless, adherence to the Act is seen as part of good governance and social responsibility by employers.

Significance in Today’s Context

Although the Act was passed in 1959, its relevance continues today, especially in the context of addressing unemployment and underemployment. With the rise of digital platforms, many employment exchanges have gone online, enhancing reach and efficiency. The Act supports initiatives like Skill India, Digital India, and Make in India, which emphasize workforce development and employment generation.

Moreover, compliance with this Act demonstrates an organization's commitment to transparency and public welfare, making it an integral part of the broader employment law compliance framework in India.

Conclusion

The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959, though administrative in nature, plays a foundational role in ensuring equitable access to employment information. It enables better workforce planning, helps in tracking labor trends, and supports the government in its mission to create a more inclusive and informed labor market. For employers, compliance not only fulfills a legal obligation but also contributes to a more transparent and participatory hiring process.

[homicidal-awareness]

uh hi sorry if this is a dumb question but how would someone know if they experience homicidal ideation? is there like a test or specific criteria ;-; important note i am 14

Hello! I don't think this is a dumb question!

Forewarning, this is gonna be another long post...

There is no official test or diagnostic criteria for homicidal ideation. That's for a lot of reasons.

Namely, HI isn't a diagnosis. It's an official term used to describe a certain experience. It's similar to terms like suicidal ideation, hallucinations, intrusive thoughts, etc. There are no diagnostic criteria for those because they're just blanket terms used to describe a certain kind of experience. You have suicidal ideation if you want to kill yourself. You have hallucinations if you see, hear, feel, smell, or taste things that aren't really there. You have intrusive thoughts if you have uncomfortable, unwanted thoughts or images that invade your brain against your will. Similarly, you have homicidal ideation if you want to kill other people. There isn't a list of things you need to check off to qualify for HI, or other similar termed experiences.

That being said, there is quite a bit of complexity and nuance to each thing. What someone may think of as hallucinations may actually be alters in an undiagnosed system. What someone may think of as suicidal ideation may just be intrusive thoughts. And what someone may think of as homicidal ideation can be intrusive thoughts, a paraphilia, or even just a plain old fascination with death. There's complexity here too, if someone for instance has both homicidal ideation and intrusive thoughts. And things like paraphilias or an interest in death can turn into or influence or be influenced by homicidal ideation.

All this leads into the next issue: homicidal ideation is a very broad term that can be experienced in many different ways. Some people get flashes of anger or jealousy that manifest as a strong urge to kill. Some hate other people so much that they think they deserve to die (which can be a general antipathy or can be directed at specific people who've hurt them or people close to them). Some have murder as their go-to thought for any stressful situation. Some create meticulous plans for how to commit murder (of either a random or specific person). It varies greatly, and it all makes it even more difficult to try to create a list of criteria to try and categorize it.

I plan to make a post in the future going more in-depth on different experiences of homicidality (talking about things like impulsive vs meticulous HI, different emotions and sensations HI can be tied to, how different levels of empathy affect HI, etc), but still, every person who experiences HI feels it differently from the rest.

And, the final biggest reason there are no diagnostic criteria for HI is because it's simply too understudied and not properly understood.

I consulted a few sources for their input on how homicidal ideation is identified in patients. Most of the books I have access to discuss violence more than homicidal ideation, and many do not discuss identification of violent ideation at all, so what I have is limited and inexact. But I wanted to provide external sources.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A Psychiatric Perspective.

"A common misconception among nonpsychiatric professionals, including some attorneys, is that the psychiatrist performs in a manner analogous to other medical specialists, in which the specialist (e.g., a surgeon, an internist) performs a procedure on a patient or assesses the patient's condition through inspection, palpation, or tests, after which the specialist arrives at a diagnosis. Apart from questions about the degree of validity of applying such thinking to other medical specialties, this approach bypasses the essential reasoning processes followed in psychiatrically assessing a patient. These processes include reviewing information from several sources, such as reports from places of employment, schools, and hospitals; medical histories; probation reports; statements of witnesses; psychological testing; investigatory reports by police officers and detectives; and so on. Only when the patient's reported signs and symptoms are put together with his or her social and historical background can the diagnostic impression, and possible incapacities contributing toward homicidal violence, be adequately assessed." (pg. 333).

This book focuses on analyzing the psychology of homicide as an act, and less as an ideation, so it focuses on past reports of violent behaviour in assessing previous indicators of homicidality and current risk level. It has additional notes on how violent behaviour in a legal setting can either be used to prosecute a person more severely, or be used to label them with a diagnosis of some kind and thus grant them some sort of insanity plea.

Ferguson, C. J. (2010). Violent Crime: Clinical and Social Implications.

"Indeed, in one sense we all know what violence is, yet defining it satisfactorily may be difficult. Attempting to measure violent and aggressive behaviors can be even more complex. For instance, most of us would likely agree that hitting another person is “aggression,” but what about two children who are playing “cops and robbers” using toy guns? Are they behaving aggressively? ...

Aggression and violence can both be difficult to measure. There are certain ethical constraints that are probably rather obvious. It’s simply not ethical in experimental settings to provoke people into engaging in behaviors that would be violently criminal. In experimental settings, the solution has been to employ proxy or ad hoc measures of aggression, which can vary widely from experiment to experiment (the white noise machine described above is one of them). When considering an individual experimental study, it’s always worth knowing what kind of measure of aggression was used, particularly because many have been criticized for having low validity (Tedeschi & Quigley, 1996). In other words, does the measure of aggression reasonably look anything like aggressive behavior?

In nonexperimental (or correlational) research, a number of different outcomes may be employed: arrest records, victim reports, self-reports of perpetration, or psychological measures of antisocial tendencies or externalizing behaviors. Arguably, all of these forms of data have weaknesses. For instance, arrest data is largely contingent (with the obvious exception of homicides) on people reporting their victimization to the police. It is widely understood that for many violent crimes, such as rape, only a fraction of victims report being victimized to police (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2006). As such, arrest records may tend to underestimate overall perpetration of crimes." (pg. 11).

This book points out the nuance in how people define aggression and violence, which creates difficulty in pinning down a specific critera that can be applied to everyone. Additionally, it describes the flaws in identifying a violent or at-risk person. Most are identified after already having committed crimes, and before then, victims often don't come forward, violent but non-criminal people lie, and many people do not understand what really indicates violent or criminal behaviour.

Wikipedia (2024). Homicidal Ideation.

"Homicidal ideation is a common medical term for thoughts about homicide. There is a range of homicidal thoughts which spans from vague ideas of revenge to detailed and fully formulated plans without the act itself.[1] Most people who have homicidal ideation do not commit homicide. 50–91% of people surveyed on university grounds in various places in the United States admit to having had a homicidal fantasy.[2] ...

Homicidal ideation is not a disease itself, but may result from other illnesses such as delirium and psychosis. Psychosis, which accounts for 89% of admissions with homicidal ideation in one US study,[3] includes substance-induced psychosis (e.g. amphetamine psychosis) and the psychoses related to schizophreniform disorder and schizophrenia. Delirium is often drug induced or secondary to general medical illness(es).

It may arise in association with personality disorders or it may occur in people who do not have any detectable illness. In fact, surveys have shown that the majority of people have had homicidal fantasies at some stage in their life.[2]"

And of course, I felt I should add some example of a widely accepted definition of homicidal ideation. Wikipedia itself notes that homicidal ideation is firstly a term used to describe an experience, and secondarily a potential indicator, symptom, or result of a disorder (but that homicidal thoughts are common in the general population).

.....................................................................................

Overall, I struggled to find descriptions of homicidal ideation without actual commitment of homicide. It's mentioned, but usually only as a symptom of a disorder or an indicator or risk factor for a future violent offender. It's often identified in criminals by looking at past offenses or reported violent behaviour, thus making many of its historical diagnostic functions only useful in creating a psychological profile for violent criminals, rather than any sort of treatable diagnosis. Otherwise, it's treated as a facet of the psychological profile of a high-risk person, and/or as a symptom of a disorder.

In my research for this question, I did find a few proposed assessments meant to gauge homicidality on harmresearch.org.

They note, "versions of the S-HTS have not yet been psychometrically validated in a study against another standardized homicide ideation and behavior scale, because there is no other comparable validated homicidality tracking scale against which to validate it at this time."

At a glance, the scales are fairly comprehensive, and well written! I'm pleasantly surprised by how well they're done! Though, they do note that each scale must be summed up and evaluated by a clinician, and that there are no notes on how to sum up someone's total answers to determine the existence or level of homicidality. It seems more like a list of experiences to consider for patient and clinician reference, and a way to easily sum up the severity and lean of homicidal ideation so a clinician can respond accordingly.

I may make a post in the future going further in depth on these assessments and scales, and again, I also plan on making a post (or several) some time discussing different experiences of homicidality. Because I do think it's important to be able to categorize it, since each experience will require different treatment strategies. While I personally don't think homicidal ideation as a term and a concept should be very standardized or 'gatekept', I do think there should be effort put into creating specific sublabels or 'profiles' of homicidality for use in treatment plans, since it is such a vast term.

.....................................................................................

To sum up this entire post, homicidal ideation is not a diagnosis, so it does not have any standardized assessments or diagnostic criteria. There is no strict experiential list you must meet to be identified as having homicidal ideation. There is nuance and some important conflicting psychological conditions to consider, but it's overall a very loose term that can apply to a wide range of experiences. The functions of identifying a person as having homicidal ideation are generally limited to gauging existing or potential future violent behaviour, and there is still a lack of research into treatment, which urgently needs to be rectified.

Sources:

Ferguson, C. J. (2010). Violent Crime: Clinical and Social Implications.

Malmquist, C. P. (1996). Homicide: A Psychiatric Perspective. American Psychiatric Press, Inc.

Sheehan, D. V., Giddens, J. M. (2025). Structured Diagnostic Interviews & Scales: Homicidality. Harm Research. https://harmresearch.org/homicidality-2/

Wikipedia (2024). Homicidal Ideation. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homicidal_ideation

[mariacallous]

In the context of a turbulent and unsatisfying three years in office, the incredibly awful September in progress might rank as the three-party German government’s grimmest month yet. After elections in the east that issued record results for the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party—another vote, in Brandenburg, looms on Sept. 22—the government is also reeling from the fallout of two Islamist terrorist attacks that left three dead and eight wounded. One of those attacks involved a Syrian asylum-seeker whose petition for protection in Germany had been denied; he had links to the fundamentalist Islamic State, which claimed responsibility for the attack.

Now the government has announced its response: starting on Sept. 16, Germany will unilaterally impose border closures, for six months, on all nine of its borders with other European countries. Incoming foreign nationals will be screened according to arbitrary criteria, and rejected applicants will be forced onto Germany’s next-door neighbors.

Although some details remain unclear, Germany’s plan amounts to an unprecedented step. Eight of the neighboring countries are EU members, and all of them are part of the Schengen regime that guarantees freedom of movement across borders within the bloc and recognizes the right to political asylum. Meanwhile, Germany’s mainstream opposition party is demanding an even more severe policy—one that would essentially prevent the country from accepting any new asylum applicants onto its territory at all.

“Until we achieve strong protection of the EU’s external borders with the new common European asylum system, we must strengthen controls at our national borders,” said Germany’s interior minister, Nancy Faeser. Her proposal involves expedited procedures at the German frontiers to determine whether each person who arrives may enter and apply for political asylum.

According to Faeser, the planned border screenings will limit illegal migration and “protect against the acute dangers posed by Islamist terrorism and serious crime.” There will be more deportations during this period, she said, but they will conform to EU law. But some experts disagree. European law expert Alberto Alemanno, a professor of European law at HEC Paris, told the Guardian that the German controls “represent a manifestly disproportionate breach of the principle of free movement within the Schengen area.”

And Sergio Carrera, a research fellow at the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), a Brussels-based think tank, told Foreign Policy that the border closures will most probably have a knock-on effect across the continent: “There’s the risk of these measures triggering a race to the bottom. Where’s the end point? We’re talking about rights that go to the very heart of what the EU is all about.”

The new measures at the German borders ratchet up pressure on European Union norms that are already strained. According to EU law, free movement within the bloc is guaranteed within the Schengen area, which encompasses most EU member countries (except Cyprus and Ireland) as well as Switzerland and Norway. Foreign nationals claiming political persecution have the right to apply for political protection in the country through which they enter the EU. But the bloc’s member countries may suspend Schengen’s guarantees in the case of “internal security concerns” as long as those concerns are proportional and legitimate and the suspensions temporary. Brussels must be briefed in advance.

Germany has had periodic border checks in place along the Austrian border since 2015—a response to the refugee crisis of 2015-16. Last year, in response to heightened migration flows, Germany established checks on its borders shared with Poland, the Czech Republic, and Switzerland. In fact, across the European Union, member states have temporarily restricted internal border crossings 404 times since 2015, according to German daily Die Tageszeitung.

Germany’s move would take another step toward turning the exception policy of internal EU border checks into the rule, argued Christian Jacob of Die Tageszeitung. A European Parliament study issued last year claimed that this was already happening and that a “systematic lack of compliance with EU law” could undermine rule of law guarantees.

One result would almost certainly be a chain reaction across the bloc. Walter Turnowsky, a migration expert at Denmark’s Der Nordschleswiger, a German-language newspaper, fears exactly this. “Officially, the announced German border controls are also temporary, but ultimately the announcement means the end of free travel across the EU,” he said. “From now on, governments will claim: ‘Well, Germany controls its borders too,’” so they will do the same.

The new German measures aim to stop non-EU citizens who have already applied for asylum elsewhere in the bloc from entering Germany by bus, train, or car from Schengen zone neighbors. (Currently, only third-country nationals who have invalid papers or don’t intend to file for political asylum are refused entry.) Under the new measures, the migrants would be returned to the country where they entered the Schengen area and originally applied for asylum, which are usually one of the EU’s southern external border countries, such as Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, or Spain.

German border guards would detain the foreign nationals at the border—perhaps even in a kind of jail, apparently for no longer than five weeks—until their status can be verified. Foreign nationals who had not previously applied for asylum but who claim political persecution could then enter Germany and apply for protection, which German courts would rule on at a later date.

One of the looming questions is what criteria German police would invoke to screen those parties interested in entering the country. Since not every person traveling into Germany can be stopped, “it will be people who look different, regardless of citizenship,” said Carrera, of CEPS. “A certain racial appearance will make some people suspect. This is racial profiling, and it is illegal.”

Against the background of its fierce battle in eastern Germany with the AfD, Germany’s conservative opposition, the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), has opted to steal the other party’s thunder by endorsing measures very much like those of the far right—and until recently entirely taboo. Claiming that the government’s measures do not go nearly far enough, the CDU argues that no people—none at all—should be permitted to enter Germany in the absence of a visa or European passport.

This would de facto end the country’s commitment to offering asylum. In order to make this flagrant violation of international law at least appear to conform to EU regulations, under the CDU plan, Germany would declare a state of emergency as a result of internal security threats. This, the CDU believes, would legalize the across-the-board rejection of unwanted third-country nationals.

The proposal also goes a gigantic step beyond the limitation of movement in the EU, effectively eviscerating the right to political asylum.

“This kind of measure, and those the government are taking, will be investigated and could come before the EU court of justice,” Carrera said. “The EU will determine whether the security concerns really justify such a breach of EU law.” Other experts have said that Germany will not be able to prove that the recent attacks or the numbers of asylum-seekers—which have fallen this year—actually threaten the state’s internal security and thus justify (or indeed, are really aided by) these measures.

One of the many problems with the new German modus operandi: Neighboring states will have to accept people refused by Germany back onto their territory—and Austria, for one, which has general elections on Sept. 29 (and where polls indicate the situation for migrants is getting even worse, with a very strong showing of the far-right Freedom Party likely) said forget it, it won’t take them.

Poland is also up arms at the prospect of traffic jams at the borders that would obstruct commercial and private transportation. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk called the German move a “de facto suspension of the Schengen Agreement on a large scale.”

The Belgian daily Le Soir seems to hit the nail on the head: “With governments like this, there’s no need for the far right to be in power. The pressure of elections and the fear of extremes are causing those in power to run around like headless chickens, with migrants as the only means for decompression.”

EU expert Thu Nguyen, the deputy director of the Berlin-based Jacques Delors Centre, told Foreign Policy that unilateral decisions taken by Germany—the EU’s most populous state—are entirely unproductive. She noted that the EU’s Pact on Migration and Asylum, a set of new rules passed this year for managing migration and establishing a common asylum system at a bloc-wide level, addresses some of the concerns about immigration raised by Germany and other EU states, including by facilitating faster procedures for asylum applicants at the continent’s external borders.

After all, Germany—including the CDU’s parliamentary group in the EU, the European People’s Party (EPP)—was essential in drafting the pact, together with the 25 other EU member states. When the pact came in front of the European Parliament earlier this year, EPP parliamentarian Tomas Tobé said that “the absolute best way to help support a European migration policy is to be loyal to the whole migration pact.”

[ask-thearchivists]

What's your favorite thing about mortals Cataloger? :0

The Cataloger: Uh...I dunno. It's just kind of cool to see the mortals I catalog for a change.

The Curator: You never get to see the mortals you sort? Do you at least get to know some information about them? How else are you supposed to properly sort them otherwise?

The Cataloger: No, father doesn't believe it is necessary for me to know much about the mortals. I sort them according to how father sorted them before I was created, which is from most thriving specimen to least thriving on origin planet.

The Curator: That is actually the worst and most outdated criteria to sort them by! What "thrives" is subjective instead of objective, and thus fails new standardized procedure for categorizing. That's like sorting them based on how much you like the way they taste or which you think are the cutest.

The Cataloger: I KNOW! It's so frustrating but father will not have me speak ill of his preferred methods or changing them. He thinks it's better because it saves the time of me needing to learn the information needed to apply the other methods.

[attorneyssphuket]

Thailand Permanent Residency

Thailand’s Permanent Residency (PR) status is a highly sought-after immigration option for long-term foreign residents who wish to settle in the country without the need for constant visa renewals. Unlike temporary visas, PR grants the holder indefinite stay, along with certain rights and privileges that closely resemble those of Thai citizens—albeit with some key limitations.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of Thailand’s PR system, covering eligibility, application procedures, benefits, and strategic considerations for prospective applicants.

1. Understanding Thailand’s Permanent Residency

Permanent Residency in Thailand is governed by the Immigration Act B.E. 2522 (1979) and subsequent amendments. Unlike citizenship, PR does not confer voting rights or the ability to own land outright, but it offers long-term stability by eliminating the need for visa extensions or work permits (though PR holders must still obtain a work permit if employed by a Thai company).

Key Features of Thai PR:

Indefinite stay without visa renewals.

Multiple re-entry permits (allowing travel in and out of Thailand without losing status).

Pathway to Thai citizenship (after holding PR for 5+ years).

Ability to work without a separate work permit (if self-employed or running a business, though employment with a Thai company still requires one).

Access to certain privileges, such as easier business registration and property ownership (though land ownership remains restricted).

2. Eligibility Criteria for Permanent Residency

Thailand’s PR system is highly selective, with quotas limiting approvals to 100 applicants per nationality per year (with some exceptions for special cases). The eligibility requirements vary slightly depending on the applicant’s basis for residency, but the core criteria include:

A. General Requirements

Visa Status: Must hold a Non-Immigrant Visa (typically based on work, investment, or family ties) for at least 3 consecutive years before applying.

Financial Stability: Proof of a minimum annual income of THB 80,000 per month (or THB 30,000 for spouses of Thai nationals).

Tax Compliance: Must have filed and paid personal income taxes in Thailand for at least 3 years.

Character & Health: No criminal record in Thailand or abroad; must pass a health check.

Language Proficiency: Basic Thai language skills (tested during the interview).

B. Categories for PR Application

Applicants must qualify under one of the following categories:

Employment-Based PR

Must be employed by a Thai company for at least 3 years.

The company must meet certain financial and operational criteria.

Investment-Based PR

Minimum investment of THB 3-10 million (depending on the type of investment).

Investments can include:

Thai government bonds.

Fixed deposits in Thai banks.

Real estate (though land ownership remains restricted).

Family-Based PR

Spouses of Thai nationals (must be legally married for at least 2 years).

Parents of Thai children (if the child holds Thai citizenship).

Expert/Special Case PR

Reserved for individuals with exceptional skills (scientists, researchers, etc.).

Requires endorsement from a relevant Thai government agency.

3. The PR Application Process

The PR application is a multi-stage, bureaucratic process that can take 12-24 months (or longer, depending on backlogs). Below is a step-by-step breakdown:

Step 1: Pre-Qualification & Document Preparation

Ensure compliance with financial, tax, and visa requirements.

Gather documents, including:

Passport & visa history.

Work permit (if applicable).

Tax records (3 years).

Criminal background check (from home country and Thailand).

Medical certificate.

Step 2: Submission to Thai Immigration

File the application at the Immigration Bureau (Chaeng Wattana, Bangkok) or a designated provincial office.

Pay the THB 7,600 application fee.

Step 3: Background Checks & Interviews

Immigration conducts a thorough background check, including employer verification (if employment-based).

An interview (conducted in Thai) assesses language ability and ties to Thailand.

Step 4: Approval & Alien Registration

If approved, the applicant receives a PR Certificate (Red Book).

Must register as an alien resident and obtain an Alien Registration Book (Blue Book).

Pay the THB 191,400 fee (for most applicants; THB 95,700 for spouses of Thais).

Step 5: Issuance of PR Status

A PR visa stamp is placed in the passport.

Must obtain a re-entry permit before traveling abroad (single or multiple-entry).

4. Benefits & Limitations of Thai PR

Advantages:

✅ No visa renewals (indefinite stay). ✅ Easier business setup (compared to foreign-owned companies). ✅ Path to citizenship (after 5+ years as a PR). ✅ Reduced restrictions on employment (though some limitations remain).

Disadvantages:

❌ Quota system makes approval highly competitive. ❌ Cannot own land (only condos or leasehold property). ❌ Still requires re-entry permits for international travel. ❌ Strict financial & tax compliance requirements.

5. Strategic Considerations for Applicants

Timing: The PR quota opens once per year (usually December). Early submission is critical.

Tax Planning: Ensure consistent tax filings for 3+ years before applying.

Language Preparation: Basic Thai proficiency is mandatory; consider formal language courses.

Legal Counsel: Due to the complexity, many applicants engage immigration lawyers to navigate the process.

6. Conclusion

Thailand’s Permanent Residency offers long-term stability for expatriates committed to living in the country. While the process is rigorous and competitive, successful applicants gain significant advantages over temporary visa holders.

For those considering PR, meticulous preparation—especially in financial, tax, and language compliance—is essential. Given the bureaucratic hurdles, professional legal assistance may be advisable to maximize approval chances.

For individuals seeking deeper integration into Thai society, PR serves as a critical stepping stone toward eventual Thai citizenship, which unlocks further rights, including land ownership and political participation.

[sarkariresultdude]

Combined Graduate Level Exam: Eligibility Rules You Must Know

 The Combined Graduate Level (CGL) Examination, carried out by way of the Staff Selection Commission (SSC), is one of the maximum prestigious and sought-after government recruitment checks in India. It opens the doorways to a wide range of Group B and Group C posts in various ministries, departments, and subordinate offices below the Government of India. Each 12 months, lakhs of aspirants from across the u . S . A . Compete for a limited number of vacancies, making it one of the most competitive tests inside the nation.

Combined graduate level examination eligibility

1. Objective of the SSC CGL Exam

The examination guarantees a transparent and benefit-based totally selection procedure for jobs that provide stability, security, and the status of operating for the government.

The posts consist of roles like:

Assistant Section Officer (ASO)

Inspector of Income Tax

Assistant Audit Officer

Central Excise Inspector

Statistical Investigator

Auditor

Junior Accountant

Divisional Accountant, and plenty of more.

2. Eligibility Criteria

To apply for SSC CGL, applicants have to fulfill the subsequent primary eligibility criteria:

a) Educational Qualification

A bachelor’s diploma in any area from a diagnosed university is the minimal requirement.

For positive posts, unique qualifications can be wanted (e.G., Statistics degree for Statistical Investigator).

B) Age Limit

Age varies depending at the publish, generally between 18 to 32 years.

Age rest is provided to candidates belonging to reserved classes (SC/ST/OBC/PwD).

C) Nationality

Candidates need to be Indian residents or belong to other eligible categories as described by way of the SSC.

Three. Structure of the Exam

The SSC CGL exam is conducted in four tiers:

Tier-I: Preliminary Examination

Objective kind, online

Total Marks: 200

Time: 60 mins

Tier-II: Main Examination

Objective type, on-line

Papers encompass:

Paper I: Quantitative Abilities

Paper II: English Language and Comprehension

Paper III: Statistics (for relevant posts)

Paper IV: General Studies (Finance & Economics, for AAO put up)

Negative marking applies

Tier-III: Descriptive Paper

Pen and paper-based

Essay/Letter/Precis writing

Marks: a hundred

Language: English or Hindi

Duration: 60 mins

Conducted for unique posts

4. Syllabus Overview

a) General Intelligence & Reasoning

Analogies, type, coding-deciphering, puzzle solving, syllogisms, and sample reputation

b) Quantitative Aptitude

Number gadget, percentage, mensuration, earnings & loss, ratio and percentage, time & paintings, algebra, geometry, trigonometry

c) English Comprehension

Grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, sentence correction, cloze assessments

d) General Awareness

Current affairs, history, geography, polity, economics, standard technological know-how

five. Preparation Strategy

Preparing for the SSC CGL exam requires consistent effort, a strategic take a look at plan, and smart time management.

A) Understand the Exam Pattern

Know the weightage of every section

Practice through previous year query papers

b) Focus on Basics

Strengthen your fundamentals in math and English

Make short notes for revision of GK and modern affairs

c) Regular Practice

Attempt day by day mock exams

Improve pace and accuracy

d) Stay Updated

Read newspapers, observe monthly contemporary affairs magazines

Use apps and on-line systems for daily quizzes

6. Job Roles and Perks

SSC CGL-decided on candidates get located in prestigious positions with the Government of India. Some of the blessings consist of:

Attractive Salary Packages: Ranging from Rs. 35,000 to Rs. 70,000 depending on the submit and place.

Job Security and Pension: Government jobs offer unrivaled task safety and post-retirement advantages.

Growth Opportunities: Regular promotions and opportunities to take departmental checks.

7. Challenges Faced via Aspirants

Despite the appeal of the CGL examination, aspirants face several demanding situations:

High Competition: With over 20 lakh applicants annually, opposition is fierce.

Changing Exam Patterns: The SSC on occasion modifies patterns and syllabus, requiring adaptability.

Limited Seats: With just a few thousand vacancies, handiest the maximum organized applicants prevail.

Preparation Time: It requires long-time period steady guidance, often for over a 12 months.

Eight. Recent Changes and Reforms

The SSC has been working to make the CGL examination extra obvious and efficient:

Online Application and Computer-Based Tests: To reduce mistakes and accelerate processing.

Normalization of Scores: Ensures fairness throughout extraordinary shifts.

Single Year Calendar: SSC now releases an annual calendar for all assessments, allowing better planning.

9. Role of Coaching and Self-Study

Many aspirants be part of training institutes to prepare for the CGL exam, especially for help in math and reasoning. However, with the rise of virtual learning platforms, self-study with online resources, YouTube tutorials, and ridicule test collection has come to be a popular and effective technique for many.

[thailandlawyers]

Business Visa in Thailand

Thailand, as a dynamic economic hub in Southeast Asia, attracts a significant number of foreign entrepreneurs, investors, and professionals seeking to explore business opportunities. For those intending to engage in business activities in the Kingdom, obtaining a Business Visa (Non-Immigrant B Visa) is a critical step. This visa category is designed to facilitate legal entry and stay for individuals conducting business, attending meetings, or exploring investment opportunities in Thailand. However, the process of securing a Business Visa involves navigating a complex set of requirements and procedures. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the Thailand Business Visa, covering its eligibility criteria, application process, benefits, and strategic considerations for prospective applicants.

Overview of the Thailand Business Visa

The Non-Immigrant B Visa is a type of visa issued to foreign nationals who intend to engage in business-related activities in Thailand. It is distinct from tourist visas and other non-immigrant visa categories, as it specifically caters to individuals involved in commerce, trade, or investment. The Business Visa allows holders to stay in Thailand for up to 90 days per entry, with the possibility of extensions and multiple entries depending on the visa type.

The Business Visa is often a prerequisite for obtaining a Work Permit, which is required for foreign nationals employed by Thai companies or conducting business activities that involve earning income in Thailand.

Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for a Thailand Business Visa, applicants must meet specific eligibility requirements, which vary depending on the nature of their business activities and the type of visa they are applying for. The primary categories of Business Visa applicants include:

Business Visitors:

Individuals attending business meetings, conferences, or negotiations.

Those exploring investment opportunities or conducting market research.

Employees of Thai Companies:

Foreign nationals employed by a registered Thai company.

Requires a Work Permit in addition to the Business Visa.

Business Owners and Investors:

Individuals establishing or managing a business in Thailand.

Investors contributing to the Thai economy through capital investment.

Board Members or Partners:

Foreign nationals serving as directors or partners in a Thai company.

General Requirements:

A valid passport with at least six months of remaining validity.

A completed visa application form.

Recent passport-sized photographs.

Proof of business activities, such as invitation letters, company documents, or meeting schedules.

Financial evidence demonstrating the ability to support oneself during the stay in Thailand.

Types of Business Visas

The Thailand Business Visa is available in two main types, each catering to different needs:

Single-Entry Business Visa:

Allows one entry into Thailand for up to 90 days.

Suitable for short-term business activities or initial exploratory visits.

Multiple-Entry Business Visa:

Allows unlimited entries into Thailand for up to 90 days per entry over a period of one year.

Ideal for frequent business travelers or those managing ongoing projects in Thailand.

Application Process

The process of applying for a Thailand Business Visa involves several steps, each requiring careful preparation and documentation. Below is a detailed breakdown:

1. Determine the Appropriate Visa Type

Assess your business activities and duration of stay to decide between a single-entry or multiple-entry visa.

2. Gather Required Documents

Passport: Must be valid for at least six months.

Visa Application Form: Completed and signed.

Photographs: Recent passport-sized photos meeting Thai visa requirements.

Proof of Business Activities:

For employees: A letter from the Thai company detailing the purpose of the visit and employment status.

For business visitors: An invitation letter from a Thai company or organization.

For investors: Documentation of investment plans and company registration.

Financial Evidence: Bank statements or proof of sufficient funds to cover the stay in Thailand.

Company Documents: For employees or business owners, include the company’s registration documents, tax ID, and list of shareholders.

3. Submit the Application

Applications must be submitted to a Thai embassy or consulate in the applicant’s home country or country of residence.

Some countries offer online application systems for added convenience.

4. Pay the Visa Fee

The visa fee varies depending on the type of visa and the applicant’s nationality.

Fees are non-refundable, even if the application is denied.

5. Attend an Interview (if required)

Some embassies or consulates may require an interview to verify the applicant’s intentions and eligibility.

6. Receive the Visa

Once approved, the visa is affixed to the applicant’s passport.

The processing time typically ranges from 3 to 10 business days, depending on the embassy or consulate.

Extending the Business Visa

For those requiring a longer stay in Thailand, the Business Visa can be extended at the Immigration Bureau in Thailand. Extensions are typically granted for up to one year and require additional documentation, including:

A valid Work Permit.

Proof of ongoing business activities.

Financial evidence and company documents.

Extensions are subject to approval and may require multiple visits to the Immigration Bureau.

Benefits of the Business Visa

The Thailand Business Visa offers several advantages for foreign nationals engaged in business activities:

Legal Compliance: Ensures that business activities are conducted in accordance with Thai immigration laws.

Flexibility: Multiple-entry visas allow for frequent travel in and out of Thailand.

Pathway to Work Permits: The Business Visa is often a prerequisite for obtaining a Work Permit.

Long-Term Stay: Extensions enable longer stays for ongoing business projects or employment.

Access to Thai Markets: Facilitates networking, market research, and investment opportunities.

Challenges and Strategic Considerations

While the Business Visa provides significant benefits, there are challenges and considerations that applicants must address:

Documentation Requirements: The application process requires extensive documentation, which can be time-consuming to prepare.

Work Permit Restrictions: The Business Visa alone does not authorize employment; a separate Work Permit is required for income-generating activities.

Visa Extensions: Extending the visa involves additional paperwork and visits to the Immigration Bureau.

Compliance with Thai Laws: Foreign nationals must adhere to Thai immigration and labor laws to avoid penalties or visa revocation.

To maximize the chances of a successful application, consider the following strategies:

Plan Ahead: Start the application process well in advance of your intended travel date.

Seek Professional Assistance: Engage a visa consultant or legal expert to navigate the complexities of the application process.

Maintain Accurate Records: Ensure all documents are complete, accurate, and up-to-date.

Understand Local Regulations: Familiarize yourself with Thai immigration and labor laws to ensure compliance.

Recent Developments and Trends

Thailand’s business visa policies have evolved in recent years to attract foreign investment and talent. Key developments include:

Streamlined Processes: The introduction of online application systems and e-visas has simplified the application process for business travelers.

Focus on High-Skilled Professionals: The Thai government has introduced initiatives, such as the Smart Visa, to attract highly skilled professionals and investors.

Post-Pandemic Recovery: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand has implemented measures to facilitate business travel, such as reduced quarantine requirements and fast-track visa processing.

Conclusion

The Thailand Business Visa is an essential tool for foreign nationals seeking to engage in business activities in the Kingdom. By understanding the eligibility criteria, application process, and strategic considerations, applicants can navigate the complexities of the visa system and ensure compliance with Thai immigration laws. Whether you are a business visitor, employee, or investor, the Business Visa provides a legal and flexible pathway to explore opportunities in Thailand’s vibrant economy. As Thailand continues to evolve its visa policies to attract global talent and investment, staying informed and prepared will remain key to a successful business venture in the Land of Smiles.

[chingmaiattorneys]

Thailand Permanent Residency

Thailand’s Permanent Residency (PR) program offers foreign nationals the opportunity to establish long-term roots in the Kingdom, providing a pathway to stability, security, and integration into Thai society. Unlike temporary visas, permanent residency grants holders the right to live in Thailand indefinitely, with fewer restrictions on work, business, and property ownership. However, the PR application process is highly competitive, stringent, and complex, requiring careful planning and adherence to legal requirements. This article provides an in-depth exploration of Thailand’s Permanent Residency program, covering eligibility criteria, application procedures, benefits, and strategic considerations for prospective applicants.

1. Overview of Thailand’s Permanent Residency Program

Thailand’s Permanent Residency program is governed by the Immigration Act of 1979 and administered by the Immigration Bureau under the Royal Thai Police. The program is designed to attract skilled professionals, investors, and individuals with strong ties to Thailand, such as family members of Thai citizens. PR status is highly sought after due to its long-term benefits, but the process is rigorous, with limited quotas and strict eligibility requirements.

1.1 Key Benefits of Permanent Residency

Indefinite Stay: PR holders can live in Thailand indefinitely without the need for visa renewals.

Work and Business Rights: PR holders are not restricted by work permit requirements and can engage in business activities more freely.

Property Ownership: PR holders can own land and property in their name, subject to certain conditions.

Pathway to Citizenship: After holding PR status for at least five years, individuals may apply for Thai citizenship.

Family Inclusion: PR holders can sponsor their spouse and children for residency.

2. Eligibility Criteria for Permanent Residency

The eligibility criteria for Thailand’s Permanent Residency program are stringent and vary depending on the applicant’s category. The primary categories include:

2.1 Employment-Based PR

Work Experience: Applicants must have worked in Thailand for at least three consecutive years under a valid work permit.

Income Requirement: Applicants must meet a minimum income threshold, which varies by nationality (e.g., THB 80,000 per month for most nationalities).

Employer Support: The applicant’s employer must provide a letter of recommendation and evidence of the company’s financial stability.

2.2 Investment-Based PR

Investment Amount: Applicants must invest at least THB 10 million (approximately USD 300,000) in Thailand, either in government bonds, real estate, or a Thai business.

Holding Period: The investment must be maintained for at least three years.

2.3 Family-Based PR

Thai Spouse: Foreign nationals married to a Thai citizen can apply for PR after at least two years of marriage.

Thai Children: Parents of Thai children may also qualify for PR, provided they meet financial and legal requirements.

2.4 Expert or Specialist PR

Professional Qualifications: Applicants must demonstrate exceptional skills or expertise in a field that benefits Thailand, such as science, technology, or academia.

Employer Support: A letter of recommendation from a Thai employer or relevant authority is required.

2.5 Humanitarian PR

Special Circumstances: Individuals who have made significant contributions to Thailand, such as through charity work or cultural preservation, may qualify under this category.

3. Application Process for Permanent Residency

The PR application process is multi-step and involves rigorous scrutiny to ensure that applicants meet the eligibility criteria. The steps include:

3.1 Initial Preparation

Eligibility Assessment: Determine the appropriate PR category and ensure that all eligibility criteria are met.

Document Gathering: Collect all required documents, such as passports, work permits, tax records, and proof of investment or marriage.

3.2 Submission of Application

Application Form: Complete the PR application form, available at the Immigration Bureau.

Supporting Documents: Submit the required documents, including:

Passport and visa copies.

Work permit and employment records.

Tax receipts for the past three years.

Proof of investment (if applicable).

Marriage certificate or birth certificates (if applying under family-based PR).

Application Fee: Pay the non-refundable application fee of THB 7,600.

3.3 Interview and Background Check

Interview: Applicants may be required to attend an interview at the Immigration Bureau to verify their qualifications and intentions.

Background Check: The Immigration Bureau conducts a thorough background check, including criminal record verification and financial stability assessment.

3.4 Approval and Issuance

Quota System: PR applications are subject to an annual quota, which varies by nationality and category. Only a limited number of applications are approved each year.

Approval Notification: Successful applicants are notified and required to pay the PR fee, which is THB 191,400 for most categories.

Residency Book: Upon approval, applicants receive a Residency Book (Blue Book), which serves as proof of their PR status.

4. Strategic Considerations for Applicants

4.1 Choosing the Right Category

Selecting the appropriate PR category is crucial for maximizing the chances of success. Applicants should carefully assess their qualifications, financial situation, and long-term goals before applying.

4.2 Financial Planning

Meeting the income or investment requirements can be challenging for some applicants. Proper financial planning and documentation are essential for demonstrating financial stability.

4.3 Legal and Professional Assistance

Given the complexity of the PR application process, many applicants choose to work with an experienced immigration attorney or consultant. Legal professionals can help:

Navigate the legal and procedural requirements.

Prepare and organize the application documents.

Address potential issues or challenges.

4.4 Long-Term Commitment

PR status is a long-term commitment, and applicants should be prepared to integrate into Thai society and comply with local laws and regulations.

5. Challenges and Common Pitfalls

5.1 Limited Quotas

The annual quota system limits the number of PR approvals, making the process highly competitive. Applicants should be prepared for potential delays or rejections.

5.2 Documentation Errors

Incomplete or inaccurate documentation is a common reason for PR application denials. Applicants should carefully review the requirements and ensure all documents are properly prepared.

5.3 Financial Requirements

Meeting the income or investment requirements can be challenging for some applicants, particularly those with fluctuating incomes or limited financial resources.

5.4 Changing Regulations

Thailand’s immigration regulations are subject to change, and applicants must stay informed about the latest requirements and procedures.

6. Case Studies: Permanent Residency Success Stories

6.1 Employment-Based PR

A British executive working for a multinational company in Bangkok successfully applied for PR under the employment-based category. He met the income requirement and provided comprehensive documentation of his employment and tax records.

6.2 Investment-Based PR

An American investor obtained PR by investing THB 10 million in a Thai real estate project. He maintained the investment for three years and provided proof of the investment’s legality and financial stability.

6.3 Family-Based PR

A Japanese national married to a Thai citizen applied for PR after two years of marriage. She provided her marriage certificate, tax records, and a letter of recommendation from her Thai spouse.

7. Conclusion

Thailand’s Permanent Residency program offers a valuable opportunity for foreign nationals to establish long-term roots in the Kingdom. By understanding the eligibility criteria, application process, and strategic considerations, applicants can navigate the complex PR process with confidence. While the program is highly competitive and stringent, proper planning, financial preparation, and legal assistance can significantly enhance the chances of success. For those seeking stability, security, and integration into Thai society, Permanent Residency provides a pathway to a fulfilling and prosperous life in the Land of Smiles.

[not-goldy]

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nationalheraldindia.com/amp/story/international/skorean-cabinet-passes-bills-to-allow-single-people-to-adopt

Simple

It's only been 1 yr since this new ammendment. And it's gonna be even easier in 10- 15 years as single parent system is increasing rapidly because most korean woman wants to get married/get pregnant and birth rate is declining. So if he wants kids while also being with JK.. all he wants to do is adopt a baby while being single dad officially. He satisfies all official criteria as of now.. he got money and influence which makes legal processes easier and makes him 10x privileged than average single parent.

Do you all really think Jikook 'luckily' won that lottery system to enlist together? Be fr. They might have started the procedures in August but I bet they didn't had to go through 'computer lottery selection'.. they got power, they got money, they got influence, they are governments fav child who they want to finish service fast and start milking, they will be promoted two times faster than average soldier, they will be appointed as head roles in their camps, they will be allowed for companion enlistment if they applied for that, THEY ARE BTS... ONE OF THE PROMINENT PEOPLE IN SK. If SK government approved a Korean queer couple to enlist together and turned a blind eye towards all those protests against it... they don't mind Park Jimin adopting a baby while being in a relationship with Jeon Jungkook. All they want is a official record signing Park Jimin is a single parent, just to make legal sides clear... with whom he's raising that kid is not their concern.

Yea I'm done with them.

They know and admit Jikook have privilege and power but fail to see how and where that privilege and power works in their favor.

Personally I don't want them to just adopt, although any child they adopt would be so lucky- and my goodness would it be nice if they adopt children of different races😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭

I will uproot my life and volunteer as nanny with no pay for the rest of my life. I will take care of them kids like they are the most precious beings on this earth🥺

I do want to see their own biological kids too you know?

A Mini Min with his father's eyes and lips and if they turn out even more androgynous with big booty then what😩

Also they will be so loved by us BTS and their kids🥺

One wrote in and said, well single father has nothing to do with Jungkook. They think JM would have to cut Jungkook out of his life at some point in order to live a traditional life.

They are very very highly ignorant if that's what they think. Jungkook will forever be a part of JMs life unless they fall out of love at some point- and even then they would be very good friends too.

Like I said it's his choice and he certainly has options if all that is in his way is institutionalized homophobia.

They came up with a travel documentary as an excuse to go on a trip together before serving they can certainly come up with a billion other creative ways to enjoy a fulfilling life together.

If not, then all the more reason for them to enjoy it while it last. What is it JK says, make hay while the sun shine.

Two years ago I almost broke up with my girl for good because of these uncertainties. I knew I didn't want children, didn't even consider let alone desire marriage because coming from a very conservative Christian black home, that's not an option to marry a woman. You can't be gay and you can't be unmarried and childless. And for me, those who know think it's some sort of phase I will outgrow once I'm faced with reality.

So while I am this way, hiding the truth of what I am from people in my life, openly living in my truth when I'm away from my family- I'm learning to stand up to them. To confront them with my truths without shame and with confidence.

I'm not hiding anymore- may be a little. Lol. But I'm not making excuses anymore. I'm not telling them, I'm still young I'll worry about that latter. I'm not saying, she's just a good friend. That the rumors are false. That I'm waiting for the right one, that I haven't found the right man- I'm not saying all that anymore.

I may not able to tell it as it is but I'm telling exactly what it is not.

No I don't want a wedding but yes I do want life long commitment and I want legal rights with it dammit

I want consistent immutable inalienable rights and that is more important to me than having kids getting married and all that other stuff.

I want to be able to live my life in peace and not worry about changing laws that give one minute and take away the next.

I want freedom. I want paradise.

and may be one day I'll want children may be I won't.

I want what I want and I don't want what I don't want. I'm manifesting for myself through positive affirmations.

Nothing is as black and white as they make it seem.

And I'm cautious in this discourse because some have committed suicide rather than "face reality" or choose to conform to these societal standards they are perpetuating and wielding over jikook's heads.

They are perpetuating the very thing oppressing us and the very thing we spend most of our lives fighting.

They are not saying if Jikook are gay this system would be a challenge for them as it has been for others, they are saying this is the system and Jikook have no right to go against it. This is the system, they must conform to the status quo as many queer men have and they will.

There's something oppresive, sinister and disturbing about that to me. The lengths they will sink to to invalidate Jikook is crazy.

On the flip side, pointing out Jikook's privileges too too much also alienates them and puts a target on their backs as we might make it look as if they would not have to face all the many real struggles others face due to their sexual orientation in SK. It's a lose lose situation however you look at it.

It's their life their choice and whatever they choose to do is very valid. I'm sorry to Jikook they have to deal with this and I pray things get better in SK over time as you have rightfully pointed out.

I stand with Jikook and every queer person in that system. Things are a bit better today compared to years ago but boy are they living in the vip region of hell.

And Bang PD's advice to that artist about the challenges he would face if he chooses to live his truth and wear heels will always give me comfort especially the fact he was willing to help him make it work in his career in spite of the odds against him

I know, there are people close to jikook with the same mentality. They know the "reality" and situation on the ground, they empathize with them, are willing to direct them on how to make it work if they choose this path and so they don't feel isolated.

Please help me support Jikook okay? Stay with them to the end, pray for them love them fight for them.

The challenges they face, I wish I could say it's all just fiction, it's real, it's dangerous, it's traumatizing, the mental turmoil alone is

Sigh.

Support Jikook. Jikook is real.

[angelo-the-whistleblower]

Fun Fact about the Norwegian Passport:

A fitting Fun Fact title for this topic could be:

"Fun Fact: You Can’t Just Apply for a Norwegian Passport—You Have to Earn It First!"

This title captures the surprising truth that a Norwegian passport is only available to confirmed citizens, making it more exclusive than many people might assume.

Question:

The question that prompted that detailed explanation was essentially a two-part query:

"How to Apply for a Norwegian Passport?" "Norwegian Passport Requirements in 2025?"

The answer addressed both the application procedure and eligibility criteria as of 2025.

ChatGPT Answer:

Certainly. Let’s go through the Norwegian passport application process, step by step, as if I were your professor walking you through a structured, comprehensive lesson. This will help you fully understand the legal, administrative, and practical aspects of applying for a Norwegian passport in 2025.

1. Understand the Prerequisite: You Must Be a Norwegian Citizen

Before you can apply for a Norwegian passport, the most fundamental requirement is that you must already be a Norwegian citizen. Norway does not issue passports to permanent residents, visa holders, or even long-term residents unless they have been officially granted citizenship.

Gaining citizenship usually involves:

Living in Norway legally for several years (typically 7 years in the last 10),

Passing a language test in Norwegian or Sami,

Demonstrating knowledge of Norwegian society (usually via a test),

Having a clean criminal record.

You cannot skip this step. A Norwegian passport is proof of citizenship, not a path to it.

2. Secure a Norwegian National Identity Number

Once you're a citizen, the next technical requirement is possessing a Norwegian national identity number—this is the equivalent of a Social Security Number in the U.S. or a National Insurance Number in the UK.

This number is essential because:

It registers you in Norway’s Population Registry, which tracks vital data such as your name, address, marital status, and place of birth.

It links all official records about you, from tax to healthcare to immigration.

You usually receive this number automatically once your residence becomes official, but it must be active and updated for the passport application to proceed.

3. Determine Where to Apply

Depending on where you live, the application process changes slightly:

If you live in Norway, you’ll apply at a local police station that handles passport services. These stations typically require appointments.

If you live outside Norway, you must go to a Norwegian embassy or consulate. These diplomatic missions act on behalf of the Norwegian police in such cases.

The documentation requirements are the same, but wait times and processing durations may vary depending on location.

4. Collect the Required Documents

Regardless of where you apply, you’ll need to present official documentation that proves:

Your Norwegian citizenship (if you’ve recently been naturalized, bring your citizenship decision letter),

Your identity (a previous passport, national ID card, or another official government-issued ID),

Your registered personal details, such as your full legal name, place of birth, and gender, which must match the information in the Population Registry.

For children under 18, additional rules apply:

Both parents must appear in person with the child to consent to the passport application.

You’ll need the child’s birth certificate and both parents’ valid passports as proof of identity and authority.

In cases of sole custody, court documents must be shown.

5. Pay the Required Fees

As of 2025, the costs for a Norwegian passport are:

Adults (16 and older): 750 Norwegian Kroner

Children (under 16): 450 Norwegian Kroner

If you apply for a passport together with a national ID card, you receive a 20% discount on the total combined fee. This is an incentive for citizens to register for both credentials at once, as the ID card is useful within Europe where a passport is not always necessary.

6. Understand the Processing Times

Processing time varies based on:

Whether you’re applying in Norway or abroad,

How busy the issuing authority is,

Whether your data in the Population Registry is already accurate and up to date.

On average, in Norway, a passport takes about 10 working days to be ready, though during busy periods (e.g., summer), it can take longer. If applying from abroad, it may take several weeks due to diplomatic mail delays.

Keep in mind: if you’ve just acquired Norwegian citizenship, that process itself may take up to 30 months—so it’s important not to confuse passport processing with the much longer timeline for gaining citizenship.

7. Know the Features of a Norwegian Passport

The passport you receive is a modern biometric travel document that includes:

A digital chip with your fingerprints and photo,

A 10-year validity for adults (5 years for children under 16),

Compatibility with international border systems (such as eGates in Europe),

The ability to travel visa-free or visa-on-arrival to 188 countries as of 2025—ranking Norway's passport among the strongest in the world.

8. Final Tips and Caveats

Ensure all your personal data is correct in the Norwegian Population Registry before applying. Even small discrepancies (like a middle name spelling error) can delay your passport.

If you lost your citizenship in the past and reacquired it after 2020, you’ll need documentation proving you were reinstated as a Norwegian citizen.

Passport photos are typically taken at the police station or embassy during your appointment, but it’s always best to check in advance.

If you view this process step-by-step, it becomes clear that the passport is a final reward of a multi-layered bureaucratic journey: first becoming a citizen, then confirming your personal registration, and finally applying through official channels.

Let me know if you'd like this explained with a real-world scenario or need help understanding the citizenship path itself.

P.S.: Norwegian Passport: