#eats meat and has different subtypes?

[rebellum]

Okay I do recognise it's kinda funny that when a close friend whos autistic told me she thinks I have autism my response was to spend a period lasting several weeks researching experiences of autism among women, trans people, and some people of colour, reading dozens upon dozens of comics and articles and text posts discussing the autistic experience, and taking several online questionnaires to see if my experiences closely match up.

(I'm not autistic though)

[princesssarisa]

The next section of Cinderella Tales from Around the World is devoted to a lesser-known Cinderella subtype: One-Eye, Two-Eyes, Three-Eyes.

*The most famous tale of this type is the German version from the Brothers Grimm. To summarize:

**A woman has three daughters, each with a different number of eyes: One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes. The middle sister, Two-Eyes, is hated and abused by her mother and sisters because she's beautiful and normal-looking. (There's no mention of how many eyes the mother has.) Every day she's sent out to pasture the goat, starving because her family only feeds her scraps. But one day she meets a "wise woman" (i.e. a fairy) who instructs her to recite a rhyme, and then her goat will bring her a table covered with food. She does this every day, until her mother notices that she's not eating her scraps anymore. One-Eye goes out to spy on her, but Two-Eyes sings her to sleep. Then Three-Eyes goes out, and again Two-Eyes sings, but in her lullaby she mistakenly sings "Two-Eyes" instead of "Three-Eyes," so only two of her sisters' eyes fall asleep while the third stays awake and sees how she feeds herself. She reports it to the mother, who kills the goat. But the wise woman instructs Two-Eyes to bury the goat's entrails, and when she does, a tree with silver leaves and golden apples grows from the spot. Whenever the mother or sisters try to pick the apples, the branches move out of their reach, but Two-Eyes is allowed to pick them. One day, a handsome young knight rides by, and the mother and sisters hide Two-Eyes under a barrel. But the knight admires the tree and asks for a branch from it, yet neither One-Eye nor Three-Eyes can break one off. Then Two-Eyes rolls some golden apples out from under the barrel, revealing her presence, and gives the knight his branch. The knight wants to reward her, so she asks him to take her away from her cruel family. He takes her to his castle, where the tree magically follows them, and soon afterward they marry. Some time later, One-Eye and Three-Eyes appear at the castle door, now reduced to beggars. Two-Eyes forgives them and takes them in, and her kindness makes them repent their former treatment of her.

*The other tales of this type that Heiner's book features come from France, Scotland, Denmark, Russia, the Czech Republic, India, and the United States.

**There are three French versions: Little Annette, The Golden Pear-Tree, and The Golden Bells.

*** All three include the heroine's ineffectual father, in contrast to the all-female household in the Grimms' version, and in the first and third tales, the wicked women are the heroine's stepmother and stepsisters instead of her birth family.

***In The Golden Bells, the heroine, Florine, is a princess, and her father and wicked stepmother are the king and queen. In Little Annette, the girl's eventual husband is a prince, while in the other two, he's a king.

***None of these versions include the "one-eye, two-eyes, three-eyes" motif either: in Little Annette, the stepmother magically adds an eye to the back of her youngest daughter's head, which stays open while her own eyes sleep, while in the other two the (step)sister just pretends to sleep.

***In all three, the heroine receives her food by tapping a sheep with a magic wand. In Little Annette, the wand is given to her by the Virgin Mary, in The Golden Pear-Tree by a man, and in The Golden Bells by her dying mother at the beginning. Also, rather than personally killing the sheep, the (step)mother pretends to be sick and insists that only eating the sheep's meat will cure her, so the father kills it.

***In Little Annette, the magic tree that grows from the sheep's remains just bears "the most tempting fruit," while in the other two tales, as their titles imply, it respectively bears golden pears and constantly-ringing golden bells.

***The Golden Pear-Tree and The Golden Bells both continue after the heroine's marriage with a plot against her while her husband is away at war. In The Golden Pear-Tree, the heroine gives birth to twins, and her wicked mother-in-law replaces them with two puppies, which causes the king to order his wife executed. Unfortunately, this story only survives as a fragment with no ending, but presumably the heroine escapes somehow and reunites with her husband and children after the truth is revealed. In The Golden Bells, the stepmother throws Florine into a river. But when she does so, the bells on the tree stop ringing, and the king hears this, realizes something is wrong, hurries home, and rescues Florine.

**In the odd Scottish tale of The Sheep's Daughter, the heroine is the king's secret illegitimate daughter, whose mother is a sheep. (Apparently an anthropomorphic one who lives in a house, although the queen is able to order her slaughtered like any other sheep.) The wicked women are the king's wife and legitimate daughters. The king secretly pays regular visits to the sheep and her child, bringing them gifts, until the queen has her two daughters spy on him. The sheep magically sings the first princess to sleep, but accidentally leaves one of the second princess's eyes awake, so the queen learn's what's happening, and has the sheep killed. The heroine buries her mother's bones, then lives alone in their cottage for five years, at which point a prince gives a three-day feast. The heroine's mother rises from her grave, transformed from a sheep into a beautiful princess: she dresses her daughter in finery, and from there on the story becomes Cinderella, with the heroine attending the festival and losing a slipper on the third night, which the prince uses to find her.

**In the Danish Mette Wooden-Hood, the wicked women are again the heroine's stepmother and stepsisters: the stepmother starts out as Mette's seemingly-kind schoolteacher, who of course manipulates her into convincing her father to marry her. Mette's helper is her mother's spirit, who comforts her at her gravesite and summons doves to feed her. But eventually the younger stepsister, who has an extra eye in her neck, learns this, and Mette is locked up so she can't visit the grave anymore. Mette finally manages to run away, however, and her mother's spirit gives her a wooden dress to wear and a box that will grant her wishes when she taps it. From this point on, the story becomes like Donkeyskin or All-Kinds-of-Fur, as Mette becomes a scullery maid at a palace, attends church in magic finery three times, and on the third Sunday loses a shoe.

**In one of the two Russian versions, Little Havroshecka, the heroine is an orphan while the wicked mother and daughters are her foster family, and in other, Burenushka, they're her stepmother and stepsisters: they're also a queen and princesses in the latter. In both of these versions, "One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes" are the heroine's three wicked stepsisters, in contrast to the Grimms' version where Two-Eyes is the heroine. The animal helper is a cow, who magically spins flax for the heroine in Little Havroshecka, magically feeds her in Burenushka. In the former story, after the cow is killed, a silver tree grows from her remains with golden leaves and crystal apples, which only Havroshecka can pick, while in the latter tale, a berry bush grows on which birds sing, and the birds chase away anyone who tries to pick the berries except for the heroine. Little Havroshecka ends with Havroshecka's marriage, while Burenushka continues with the heroine giving birth to a son, her stepmother turning her into a goose, and her coming back each day to briefly resume human form and suckle her baby, until her husband finds out and breaks the spell by burning the goose skin.

**In the Czech tale of The Girl Who Had a Witch for a Stepmother, "One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes" are again the heroine's three wicked stepsisters, and the animal helper is again a cow, who spins the heroine's flax for her, as promised by her mother's spirit. After the cow is killed, her remains produce an apple tree and a well full of wine, both of which only the heroine can access. A prince proposes marriage to her as a result, but on their wedding day the stepmother locks her up and sends one of her own daughters disguised in the bridal clothes, cutting her feet to make the shoes fit. But the heroine turns herself into a bird and flies after her prince and stepsister, calling out the truth. Thus she gets her happy ending.

**The Iranian tale of The Story of How Fatima Killed Her Mother and What Came of It, is obviously related closely to the Iranian Cinderella tale shared earlier in the book, The Story of Little Fatima. Once again, we have a heroine named Fatima whom a wicked woman persuades to kill her own mother, and then persuade her father to marry the woman who urged it. But after the stepmother turns abusive and starves her, the mother's forgiving spirit instructs Fatima in a dream to buy a yellow calf, which produces food from its ears. Meanwhile, the stepmother gives birth to two daughters of her own, Four-Eyes and Four-Stumps, who spy on their half-sister when they're old enough and discover her secret. After the calf is killed, the story has various twists and turns that include a "kind and unkind girls" episode, a Cinderella-style lost shoe leading a prince to Fatima, and Four-Stumps murdering and replacing Fatima after she gives birth to a son, only for Fatima to miraculously come back in the end.

**The Indian tale of Lal Badshah, the Red King, or The Two Little Princesses revolves around two sister princesses who are abused by their stepmother. They secretly find food each day on their mother's grave, until their stepmother's cat spies on them and reports it, and the wicked queen manipulates the king first into desecrating the grave, and then into abandoning his daughters in the forest, Hansel and Gretel-style. After many more twists and turns, the two finally live happily ever after, with one princess married to a king and the mother of a son, and her devoted sister by her side.

**Last of all is a Latin American tale called One-Eye, Two-Eyes, and Three-Eyes, where as in the Grimms' tale, Two-Eyes is the heroine abused by her cruel mother and sisters. But otherwise, this is a Cinderella story. A prince gives three balls, and Two-Eyes is forbidden to go; but before the first ball, the prince meets and falls in love with Two-Eyes, so he secretly sends her a coach and finery each night. On the night of the third ball, the mother has Three-Eyes stay home to spy on Two-Eyes, and though two of her eyes fall asleep, her third eye discovers Two-Eyes' secret. The next day, when the prince comes to the house to ask for Two-Eyes' hand in marriage, the mother locks her away and tries to offer him first One-Eye, then Three-Eyes. But of course he rejects them both and finds Two-Eyes in the end.

*It's strange that the Grimms, who normally bowdlerized wicked mothers into stepmothers in their tales, offer one of the very few versions of this tale where the heroine's abusers are her own mother and sisters instead of a stepmother and stepsisters. That said, in their footnotes they do allude to other variants where the heroine is a stepdaughter and her helper is her mother's spirit.

I'm almost finished reading this enormous anthology. After this brief section comes the last set of tales: Cinderella tales that don't fit into any of the usual categories.

@ariel-seagull-wings, @adarkrainbow, @themousefromfantasyland

[pencil-amateur]

here’s some lore on my killer klown ocs :•)

varmint is weirdly enamored with select human music and culture, which explains her (albeit clownishly exaggerated) cowboy getup. she had the luck to find a radio tuned to frequencies humans broadcast on, and things spiraled from there. she holds the proud (self-proclaimed) distinction of being the biggest interplanetary primus fan.

she considers humans to be intelligent, though not as much as klowns, and slightly ugly but interesting animals. she’s not above eating them, but if she gets attached to one, chances are good she’ll spare them. (les claypool is off-limits for the cotton candy gun!) however, as with most others of her planet, she has a very skewed, inhuman sense of morality. she is quite trigger-happy, and thinks potentially lethal gags are hilarious- though she’s more likely to incorporate some neat rodeo tricks. colorful handkerchief lasso, anyone?

varmint is very cheerful and energetic, to a point where she even tends to bug other klowns. because of this, she and a few other “misfits” were unceremoniously shoved together on a ship and sent off to collect more food. or die, possibly. luckily, this meant she got to meet sniffles! despite their very different personalities, they mesh very well. varmint is good at being there for sniffles when it’s in a bad mood, and sniffles loves to listen to varmint talk about whatever weird human thing she’s just discovered.

sniffles would say it doesn’t care much at all about human stuff- and while it’s true it doesn’t understand a lot of human behavior, earth’s food and food preparation in general is very intriguing to it. when you’ve been living on a diet of liquefied meat, sugar, and basically nothing else, broadening one’s palate is mind-boggling! though it’s also not against eating people, cooking is easier when you have someone who knows what they’re doing around. bit of a pain, but ultimately necessary.

klowns can quickly understand other languages, even alien ones, at a basic level. they have trouble speaking them, though, as their own language system is rather garbled to other creatures. they rely on vocal imitation to communicate if needed, though most don’t see the point in it. usually, imitation is used to lure or taunt prey, but sniffles is one of the rare few who has gone beyond. in its earlier attempts, it had a limited range of voices to copy, meaning it often sounded exactly like the person it was talking with. the humans, it noticed, found this unnerving.

sniffles, true to its name, is a sad klown. this isn’t just a mood, it’s a way of life. it’s uncommon among the colorful slapstick circus of klowns, and sad klowns tend to stick together. as we’ve seen, however, sniffles is pretty unusual. though it’s gloomy and introspective, as is usual for its subtype, it prefers the company of other oddballs when it’s done brooding on its own. (word to the wise: a sad klown is NOT a mime. do not ever call sniffles that if you value your life.)

[cinderella-ish]

Fruits Basket Personality Types Part 12: Isuzu Sohma

I shared once in an ask that it took me some time to warm up to Rin as a character. I didn't totally understand her, beyond just having an especially tragic backstory. But the more time I spend with her (writing her, rereading her scenes, etc...), the more I really love her.

I think one of the things that makes Rin hard to understand is the sheer weight of her trauma. It takes a lot of time to recover from much less traumatic events, and that's WITH a good support network. Rin is very much still in the trenches during Fruits Basket.

I wish we'd gotten to see more of her true self; the self she can be when she's not still re-establishing her safety.

I think understanding her as a character helped me be kinder to myself through my own trauma integration, and I appreciate that Takaya shows us characters who are in different stages of that process.

Anyway, on to Rin's personality type!

Isuzu Sohma's Enneagram

Wound: Rin had a seemingly happy and stable life until she asked her parents if they were really happy. Suddenly, she was subject to nonstop physical, verbal, and emotional abuse, and eventually neglect, taking a major, permanent toll on her health.

Wounding message: Don't trust anyone. When things seem good, that's when you're most vulnerable. Don't let anyone know what you're thinking.

Core desire: For her loved ones to be safe.

Core fear: That she'll cause her loved ones to get hurt.

Defense mechanism: Never show vulnerability, don't rely on anyone, work alone.

Strengths: Rin is determined, loyal, fiercely protective of the people she loves, deeply caring, strong-willed, creative, able to cut to the meat of most conversations

Challenges: Rin is stubborn, self-sacrificing, dismissive of her own needs and safety, secretive, suspicious, closed off, emotionally dishonest

When healthy: Rin is more emotionally honest and accepting of her painful feelings, she's accepting of help, she has more obviously close relationships with more people, and she's gentler.

When unhealthy: Rin is self-sacrificing to a frenzied degree, forgetting to eat, working past the point of exhaustion, and pushing away everyone she cares about so they don't get hurt.

Looking at all of this, here's what connects when I go back to the Enneagram post:

Wound: 6 or 8

Wounding message: 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8

Core desire: 6 or 8

Core fear: 6 or 8

Defense mechanism: 5 or 8

Strengths: 8

Challenges: 5, 6, or 8

When healthy: 2, 3, or 8

When unhealthy: 8 or 9

I think you could make a very good case for either 6 or 8 for Rin. Eights go to Five when unhealthy, and Two when healthy, which does connect for Rin slightly better than Sixes, which go to Nine when healthy and Three when unhealthy. She gets more secretive and anxious, rather than competitive and arrogant, when she's stressed. For this reason, I see Rin as an Enneagram 8.

Eights live in the Gut center, and tend to overexpress anger. I think Rin does overexpress anger rather than fear (even in the way a Counter Phobic 6 would overexpress fear). I also think Rin seems to be more of a Gut type than a Head type.

Wing

I think Rin is most likely an 8w7 ("The Maverick").

EnneaApp describes 8w7s like this:

Has a forceful, engaging personality; opinionated; can be motivating

Will take big risks to implement their vision; impulsive tendencies

Sociable, talkative, and interactive, but not to gain others' approval

Confident & independent thinker; self-disciplined and self-directed

Competitive towards personal ends; may have an addictive personality

To me, this is a perfect description of Rin!

I'll share that I got Rin and Kyo backwards when I first analyzed them. I saw Kyo as an 8w7 and Rin as a 6w5. I think those two types have a lot in common (especially for Counter Phobic Sixes), but this more detailed analysis has changed my view!

Subtype

Rin is a little challenging to figure out here, but I think she might be a SO 8w7.

Enneagram Explained describes SO Eights like this:

SO 8s are the Countertype of type 8 as they react in an opposite way with their vice (lust). These 8s focus on using their power and influence to serve and protect those in their group. They are very aware of injustice and less aggressive than other 8s.

To me, this best describes Rin. I think this might be part of why she has so many 6-ish qualities; she's intensely loyal to her "group," and uses her strong will and intimidating personality in service of them.

Tritype

Rin's Head type is obviously 6, and I think her Heart type is 4, making her a 4-6-8 (The Truth Teller).

This tritype is described on Katherine Fauvre's website:

If you are a 468, you are intuitive, inquisitive, and protective. You want to be original, certain, and straightforward. You are outspoken and opinionated yet deeply sensitive and introspective. Your high sensitivity drives you to seek immediate resolution to potential issues or threats. You excel at detecting inconsistencies and exposing hidden agendas, deception, and ulterior motives. While are very kind, loving, and protective, your intensity may lead to lightning-fast reactions to careless acts or thoughtless deeds.

Isuzu Sohma's MBTI

I want to do this a little differently for Rin, focusing first on her Type Dynamics.

Type Dynamics:

Sensing: I think Rin Introverts her Sensing, and I think this is her Dominant function

Feeling: I think Rin Extroverts her Feeling, and I think this is her Auxiliary function

Thinking: Given that Rin Extroverts her Feeling, she must Introvert her Thinking (which does ring true for her)

iNtuiting: Given that Rin Introverts her Sensing, she must Extrovert her iNtuiting, and this must be her Inferior function.

This makes her Si Fe Ti Ne

Since we see Rin in times of extreme stress, I want to look at what The Myers & Briggs Foundation says about Si as a Dominant function and Ne as an inferior function in times of stress:

(When Dominant Si is exaggerated) "dogmatic, obsess about unimportant data, withdraw"

(When Inferior Ne is activated) "lose sight of details and facts, impulsive behaviors, worry over multiple possibilities, too many options (catastrophize the future)"

This is an excellent description of Rin when she's stressed!

Si Fe Ti Ne is the type dynamic of ISFJ, which is often called "The Defender."

Here's how the Myers & Briggs Foundation describes ISFJ:

ISFJ: Quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. Committed and steady in meeting their obligations. Thorough, painstaking, and accurate. Loyal, considerate, notice and remember specifics about people who are important to them, concerned with how others feel. Strive to create an orderly and harmonious environment at work and at home.

So, to summarize:

Enneagram: SO 8w7 (The Challenger/The Maverick)

Tritype: 4-6-8 (The Truth Teller)

MBTI: ISFJ (The Defender)

What do you think? Did I get it right or wrong? I'd love to hear your thoughts!

Next up: Hiro!

Fruits Basket Personality Types: Enneagram | MBTI | Tohru | Akito | Kyo | Yuki | Haru | Kisa | Momiji | Hatori | Ayame | Hiro | Ritsu | Kureno | Shigure | Kagura | Kazuma | Saki | Arisa | Machi | Kakeru | The Hondas | Kaibara Students

[drnishargpatel]

Different Types of Colon Polyps and Their Cancer Risk

Colon polyps are small growths that appear on the lining of your colon. Most of these polyps are harmless, but some can progress to colon cancer if left untreated. Understanding the many forms of colon polyps and their associated hazards is critical for your overall health. To avoid major health problems, abnormal growth must be detected early and managed effectively.

In this post, we'll look at the many types of colon polyps, their cancer risks, and the significance of regular screening in maintaining a healthy colon. We’ll also discuss practical tips on How to prevent colon polyps and reduce your cancer risk, and highlight how a gastroenterologist in Surat can help you manage your digestive health effectively.

1. Adenomatous Polyps (Adenomas)

Common and Risky: Most common type of polyp and has a high risk of turning into colon cancer.

Subtypes:

Tubular Adenomas: Least likely to become cancerous.

Villous Adenomas: Higher risk of cancer.

Tubulovillous Adenomas: Risk falls between tubular and villous types.

Action: Regular removal can prevent cancer.

2. Hyperplastic Polyps

Generally Non-Cancerous: Usually small and flat, found in the rectum or lower colon.

Potential Concerns: Large hyperplastic polyps in the right colon might require closer monitoring.

Action: Regular screening is important, but they typically do not lead to cancer.

3. Sessile Serrated Polyps (SSPs)

Flat and Hard to Detect: Often blend with the colon lining and are more difficult to spot.

Precancerous: Can develop into colon cancer if not removed.

Action: Detection and removal during colonoscopy are crucial.

4. Inflammatory Polyps

Associated with Bowel Diseases: Often linked to Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.

Non-Cancerous but Risky: These polyps themselves aren’t cancerous but can increase overall cancer risk.

Action: Manage the underlying bowel disease to reduce cancer risk.

5. Hamartomatous Polyps

Rare and Genetic: Often found in individuals with genetic conditions like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Potential for Cancer: Individuals with these conditions have a higher cancer risk.

Action: Regular screenings and polyp removal are recommended for those with genetic syndromes.

Cancer Risk and Colon Polyps

Not All Polyps Become Cancerous: Many remain benign if detected and removed early.

High-Risk Factors: Larger polyps, multiple polyps, and certain types like adenomatous have a higher risk.

Screening: Regular colonoscopies help in early detection and removal.

How to Prevent Colon Polyps and Reduce Your Cancer Risk

Regular Screenings: Crucial for detecting and removing polyps before they become cancerous.

Healthy Diet: Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit red and processed meats.

Exercise: Helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers cancer risk.

Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking: Both are linked to increased colon cancer risk.

Manage Health Conditions: Especially if you have inflammatory bowel disease or genetic conditions.

When to See a Doctor

Screening Age: If you’re over 50 or have a family history of colon cancer.

Symptoms: If you experience rectal bleeding or significant changes in bowel habits.

Consult a Specialist: A gastroenterologist in Surat can guide you on the best screening schedule and management plan.

By understanding these types of colon polyps and their risks, you can take proactive steps to maintain your colon health and reduce your risk of colon cancer. Regular screenings and a healthy lifestyle are key components in preventing colon polyps and managing your overall digestive health.

[uncloseted]

To the anon saying they know anorexics who don't look anorexic, to be anorexic you have to be underweight. No doctor is going to ever diagnose a person with anorexia unless they are clinically underweight. The actual medical definition of anorexia is just to be severely underweight, eg. cancer patients with incredibly low body weight are, by definition, anorexic. Anorexia nervosa is the mental disorder, and to be diagnosed with it you have to be significantly underweight.

Okay so I want to define a couple of terms before diving into the meat of this question.

Anorexia (symptom): the symptom of decreased appetite.  Anorexia as a symptom can have many different causes- everything from radiation sickness to gastrointestinal issues like Chron’s or ulcerative colitis to kidney diseases to pancreatitis to thalassemia to zinc deficiency to infection to drug use to altitude sickness (me right now), to psychological stress, to disgust, etc. etc.  A person who is displaying the symptom of anorexia does not have to be underweight.  They just need to not have an appetite.  Generally, anorexia as a symptom becomes clinically significant when the person has lost weight or muscle, which can happen at any weight.  Conversely, people with very low body weight do not necessarily experience the symptom of anorexia (people with hyperthyroidism, for example).

Anorexia Nervosa: an eating disorder.  Per the DSM-5, a person must have the following three symptoms to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa:

Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a  significant low body weight in the context of the age, sex,   developmental trajectory, and physical health (less than minimally   normal/expected).

Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain.

Disturbed by one’s body weight or shape, self-worth influenced by body  weight or shape, or persistent lack of recognition of seriousness of low   bodyweight.

Anorexia nervosa has two subtypes, purging and restrictive.  A person has the purging subtype if during the last three months, the person has regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging.  A person has the restrictive subtype if during the last three months, they have not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging.

Somewhat confusingly, people with anorexia nervosa do not always experience anorexia (lack of appetite) as a symptom.  Some people with anorexia nervosa do have an appetite, but will not eat for other reasons.

The DSM-5 criteria is actually progress in terms of letting go of weight as a defining characteristic of anorexia nervosa.  In the DSM-IV, a person's weight had to be “at or under 85% of the ideal body weight”.  The more general language of “significantly low body weight” allows clinicians to make their own determinations about whether or not a person meets that criteria.  However, low body weight is still a criteria for diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.  People without low body weight who have an intense fear of gaining weight and feel disturbed by their own bodies are generally diagnosed with one of two things:

Bulimia Nervosa: an eating disorder.  Per the DSM-5, a person must have the follow symptoms to be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa:

A. Recurrent episodes of binge eating, as characterized by both:

Eating, within any 2-hour period, an amount of food that is definitively larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances.

A feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating.

Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors in order to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting or excessive exercise.

The binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur, on average, at least once a week for 3 months.

Self-evaluation is unjustifiability influenced by body shape and weight.

The disturbance does not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa.

Bulimia has two subtypes, purging and non-purging.  A person has the purging subtype if they have regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.  A person has the non-purging subtype if the person has used inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. 

Many people who have restrictive eating habits but are at a normal weight have episodes of binging, and are therefore considered to have non-purging bulimia nervosa as opposed to anorexia nervosa.

The other diagnosis that people with restrictive eating habits but a normal weight are sometimes diagnosed with is OSFED (previously EDNOS).  OSFED is “other specified feeding or eating disorder” and is for people who "are experiencing significant distress due to symptoms that are similar to disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder, but who do not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis of one of these disorders.”  There are a few different types of OSFED, but the one that’s important for this conversation is atypical anorexia nervosa.  Atypical anorexia nervosa is defined as when, “the individual meets the criteria for anorexia and has sustained significant weight loss as a result, but they remain within or above the weight range that is considered normal for their height and gender.“

So you’re both right, in a sense.  A diagnosis of anorexia nervosa does require significantly low body weight, but there are also people who are diagnosed with atypical anorexia nervosa (and therefore “are anorexics”) who are not underweight.

As I mentioned in my previous reply, I think the distinctions between anorexia, bulimia, and OSFED are mainly for insurance billing purposes.  People with significantly low body weights and restrictive eating habits need a certain set of interventions to recover, while people who are a healthy weight but have restrictive eating habits need a different set of interventions.  Grouping them this way allows for more efficient billing.

However, there is a discussion to be had about whether the weight criteria in a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is appropriate.  Since anorexia nervosa is a mental illness, I don’t think the state of the physical body should matter in terms of diagnosis.  It’s better that we diagnose and treat anorexia nervosa before the patient becomes significantly underweight than to refuse to treat until that criteria is met.  The sooner anorexia nervosa is treated, the less likely it is that the person will relapse, and the less likely it is that they’ll have chronic health complications as a result of their eating disorder. 

I think the reason that doesn’t happen is because inpatient beds at eating disorder treatment facilities are relatively scarce, and not many clinical psychologists are specialists in eating disorder treatment.  They’re treating the worst cases first because there aren’t enough resources to allocate to people who seem to be *mostly fine*.  And that’s a really big problem.  I think we need to put more time and money into increase the number of resources we have for people who are struggling with eating disorders, encourage people to become specialists in that field, and increase awareness of atypical anorexia so fewer people fall through the cracks.

[ziracona]

Do you have any favorite drinks and foods headcanons for ilm?? I feel like Meg would like Shirley templess 👀

Hmmm for sure but there’s so many characters I don’t know how to comprehensively answer this, haha. Meg probably would enjoy that. I think she drinks sometimes for fun or bc it seemed like a good idea at the time, but actually prefers non-alcoholic, because it’s not that great to her, and also because you have to not take your adhd meds if you plan on drinking that day as they interact, and amphetamine > depressant lol. I think she enjoys fruity mixed non-alcoholic stuff a lot. Specially if it got that 👌 zest 👌 to it.

Meg is a huge nerd who likes most of her favorite foods for fan reasons. Her favorite food is chocolate chip cookies with blue chocolate chips because of Percy Jackson. Favorite drink she would probably say is coke, but in reality it’s probably some kind of non-alcoholic cocktail she wouldn’t think to name.

Jake has a proficient pallet from being rich and can actually tell a huge difference in food quality, but hates this and is determined not to be the spoiled rich shithead who only deins to eat from a plate prepared by someone who graduated prestigious culinary school at the top of their class. Has forced himself to acquire a taste for lean meats and nuts. Would request like salted cashews if Meg was getting snacks & she’d throw a fit bc mixed nuts isn’t a treat and he would be offended she was judging his pick. Secretly really appreciates diligently and artfully prepared food. Does not like lamb. He will hunt and there’s not much he feels bad about eating, but he saw a lamb going to get slaughtered as a kid and absolutely will not stomach that as food ever since. Would feel weak & has probably only mentioned it to Dwight, or maybe Claudette, bc she’d never judge or be mean, or maybe Quentin, Kate, or Adam, because Quentin & Kate would agree, and Adam is like, the chillest man ever.

Dwight likes sea salt and vinegar chips, beers, Pepsi, pretzels, steak, and (secretly) those frosted animal crackers. Gets shit constantly for his taste in food and drink. Just wants to be left alone. One time Claudette drank a beer with him to make him feel better bc everyone else was making fun of him for liking beer and she is sweetheart.

Claudette enjoys a dish her mom makes out of fried onions, squash, artichokes, and optionally also mushrooms, probably more than any other food in the world. It is really good. Favorite drink is sparkling grape juice. It makes her feel like she is drinking champagne, but it actually tasted good, and won’t get her drunk or hungover. Also likes tea a lot. Most green and white tea types especially.

Nea likes almost anything with a cronch when you bite into it. Enjoys fish too, and curry the way Min makes it (which is very rushed college student but like, rushed college student with standards). Really likes empanadas after being introduced to them. Also genuinely really loved both Claudette’s amaranth oatmeal and her realm cookies, and since she and Quentin kind of ‘grew up’ inside the realm, it’s also like, surreally and kind of heartbreakingly, a nostalgic and comforting childhood memory to her. They remind her of times she was more okay as a teenager. :’-] Favorite drink is probably a kind of complicated cocktail that is very strong but also sweet and tangy, nursed for a long time. Or a sports drink if she’s on the go. (Lol her fave drink is just the alcoholic version of Meg’s).

Min likes anything spicy that is prepared well, but especially likes meat dishes. Girl wants her protein so she can kick ass. Really loves Ace’s cooking. Smell is 70% of taste. Spice it up, fam. Only knows how to cook 3 dishes on her own, but they’re a good 3. Doesn’t have a single fave. Although she does greatly enjoy just like, devouring a slab of meat if Anna cooks. It makes her feel like a powerful wild beast to just shred a flank with her teeth and she digs that. Fave drink is baijiu, although more in a competitive way because it’s alcoholic af & she can stomach it than actually for taste or pleasure. For taste she will just mooch off Nia & Ace, who both like fruity alcohol.

Ace likes a homemade bread recipe of his mother’s most (I think he and Frank are the only two with stated favorites in-fic?). Makes it a lot for the girls and for friends, and everyone likes it so this works out well. Enjoys martinis and any fruity alcohol, but is good about not actually getting drunk past lucidity. Also enjoys just really nice brands of various juice (mango is probably his favorite?)

Quentin likes his Dad’s pasta recipes probably most, but doesn’t have a favorite from among them. Also likes red velvet cake a lot because he only ever gets it on his birthday and it makes him happy. His mom died when he was really young and he pretty much doesn’t remember her, but one of the memories he still has is of her giving him birthday cake. It’s the time of year he always feels closest to her. Favorite drink is energy drinks because he’s stupid and likes to play god with his body and knock back adderall with shots of redbull. Didn’t like energy drinks so much before Freddy, and back then probably Coca-Cola or something was the fave, but now energy drinks are associated with comfort in his head, so he genuinely likes them. Also really likes M&Ms. Used to treat himself to a bag from the school vending machine if he had a shitty day, so they are also associated with comfort.

David likes chips (as in fries cut UK style/thick, not American chips). He is enlightened and sees the true value of all potato products as well, and honors them as such. Also is the enjoyable kind of person who genuinely & visibly appreciates most all good food. He likes beers too (you and Dwight, buddy) although he’s got better taste in them. His favorite drink is probably coffee though. He likes strong coffee, full body, with just a little bit of cream and sugar so it’s still bitter but has a pleasant edge to it. Not sure why that’s his favorite. He just really likes it.

Laurie likes strawberry milk. Would give that answer if asked for fave food or drink. If prompted further would consider, then suggest that as her drink, and some kind of really nice soup as her favorite—probably pumpkin. Will genuinely enjoy any gift of food someone picked out for her with some thought. Also loves Mac’n Cheese a lot, but would not admit to that to everyone because she’s kind of embarrassed that as many times as she’s had it in the past two years alone, her heart still sees a warm bowl and years for the good shit.

Kate likes fruit. Mangos, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, peaches, pears, pomegranates. Has the patience to eat a pomegranate too. Would just say “fruit” if asked. Loves to pick it fresh. Favorite drink is probably a smoothie, but she would insist that counts. What flavor would vary, but she leans towards blueberry or raspberry on default because she likes the colors.

Tapp likes Chinese food. Mostly this is because Chinese takeout was the nicest thing he could ever afford on the reg as a treat. However, he gets to eat real chow mein and mapo tofu (former made by Ace, the latter by Min—spicy mapo tofu being one of the 3 dishes she knows), and decides those are now his favorite food. Would not ask people to make that because it would be being a hassle, and he would think it wouldn’t matter and would be stupid & not worthwhile to request a dish when visiting a friend, but gets excited internally when they make that & gives sincere and generous compliments. Tried and failed super badly to learn how to make both, but Rachel Thomas (who didn’t know at all how to either but is great at teaching herself shit) helped him figure it out and now he makes them as often as he can without feeling like it will get old/annoy the people living with him. Favorite drink is whiskey but that’s for depression reasons. For genuine enjoyment, he likes probably just juice. Orange or pomegranate.

Adam shares Min’s enjoyment of spicy foods, but is really into trying new things and genuinely doesn’t have a favorite. If he had to pick, he’d probably say Bulla cake, because it is his favorite desert/treat. He really enjoys them & they are nostalgic to him. Good memories of his childhood. His uncle wasn’t always great at knowing what to say, but used to pack him one to take to school any time he knew Adam was stressed or intimidated by an exam or due project. Even if it went bad, he had a comfort reward for making it through. Always buys them when he’s somewhere he can. Favorite drink is tea. He likes a wide variety, but masala, jasmine, and ginger are some constant favorites. Would actually know, care about, and adhere to proper boiling/steeping times per tea type.

Jeff likes baked goods. He really enjoys the baking process itself a whole lot, especially if he has people he can cook for/share with. Definitely has created several original & very good bread recipes. Prefers bready goods to sweet ones. About the sweetest fave he has is basic scones (just bread/no nuts or fruit or filling. Slightly sweet bread with a little sugar on top, meant to be paired with jams etc when eaten). Likes those a lot. Favorite drink shifts from subtype to subtype, but is always one of his homemade craft beers. Also enjoys Dr. Pepper (ah I knew I was forgetting—both he & Joey also have some stated canon favorites. So does Susie).

Jane’s favorites are both things her dad makes. He has a really good ceviche recipe and a complicated secret recipe bean dip, and Jane likes snacking on those with a bowl of chips while chatting on the porch. Slow meal extends both fun of chat and fun of conversation. And her dad has a really good sense of spice use. She can make both well too, but is convinced they taste completely different when she does & distressed by this. Her dad insists they taste the same, but also always sympathetically packs her some time take home anyway. Her favorite drink is probably either coffee or wine, out of familiarity and comfort. She’s not very particular though. As a treat she enjoys moccacinos with a ton of whipped cream a whole lot though.

This was already super long so I’m gonna stop here, but I wood cry if I didn’t include at least Philip in what is now clearly just a survivor lineup. So honorary addition:

Philip likes anything really cold and refreshing. Prefers things with a little bite, so he would pick a cola or alcohol over a fruity drink. Not a big preference past that. Always touched and surprised any time a friend goes into a gas station pitstop and comes back with /any/ ice cold beverage for him, no matter how many times it happens. The gesture to him is very much genuine kindness instead of a friendly nothing. For food, he likes anything with enough substance to actually make him not hungry. So meat dishes are a big plus, as is nice bread. He doesn’t have a favorite meal-meal, probably, but there is a kind of cookie made entirely of egg whites and sugar, that is beaten and fluffy and sweet like a cloud and really delicious somehow despite having almost no substance. Philip had no knowledge of these, but Claudette made him some one morning she was feeling happy not too long after they both first went home to Montreal, and the meringue chocolate chip cookie variant she made was one of the best things he had ever eaten, and probably is his favorite food. They’re like little bites of the concept of sweetness without it being an overdose, and have a very unique and pleasing texture. With the chocolate added, it’s just right. 👌 And then also, of course, it was a gift welcoming to his new home, from the person who more or less is his new home. : )

[siliquasquama]

COVID-19 and the Epidemiology of Zoonotic Disease in Relationship to Modern Human Industry: Educated Guesses from an Amateur’s Brief Research

Wikipedia's basic description of the SARS-COV-2 says that while bats are the most likely natural reservoir, the genome of the virus as it exists in bats is just different enough from the human strain that there was probably an intermediate host between bats and humans. In other words, the virus probably did not come from people EATING bats, nor purchasing bats from the market, but perhaps it did come from going to the market to purchase bats for eating.

I find Wikipedia's explanation plausible because of an article I read on Chuangchn.org, which asserts that we get epidemics when an expansion of human activity into wild microbial reservoirs allows certain viruses to hit crowded populations with low immunity, be they livestock feedlots or slums full of severely stressed humans. Normally those reservoirs have buffers against infecting humans because of a great genetic variety among the wildlife, such that any one strain can only spread so far; as modern capitalism steadily reduces the size and genetic variety of wild populations, their attendant microbial parasites have fewer barriers against reaching humans.

So you get one virus running into, say, a vast pen of cattle, and as the cattle have no immunity, the virus faces very little selection pressure that would force a greater genetic variety. Instead the selection pressure is to spread as fast as possible, which means to grow as fast as possible, and the faster a virus grows, the more strain it places on the host, so within a short time the virus goes from benign to deadly.

And so you tend to get epidemics coming close on the heels of major capitalistic shifts in the concentration of living creatures. English outbreaks came in the era when they began to enclose their cattle in pens; the Spanish Flu started in the pigs of a Kansas stockyard shortly following the rise of American industrialized agriculture.

Admittedly these viral outbreaks can occur with direct human incursions into the wild, either by incorporating wild animals into modern markets or simply pushing industrialism into wild areas. Ebola seems to have appeared first in the 1970s with an English-owned cotton mill operation that planted itself in the central African jungle and occurred again every time that sort of industrialism increased its presence in the area. Likewise HIV is said to have come from humans eating "bushmeat", which is any manner of monkey meat, as if humans had not been doing such a thing before, so that they had no immunity to what they found within those animals -- maybe, then, they were going after bushmeat because their usual food sources were out of reach? Oh, wouldn't it be interesting if HIV and Ebola came from the same damn cotton mill!

This is not the case. According to the Chuangchn article, Ebola was first recorded in 1976 where the most common strain of HIV appears to come from early-20th-century Kinshasa, or should I say Leopoldville, the capital of the Belgian Congo and centerpoint for a great deal of environmental degradation and societal upheaval through modern capitalism. Bushmeat had been a common food source for a long time, with Simian Immunodefficiency Virus being endemic in wild primates. People used to catch SIV all the time. They resisted it well and fast enough that it could never spread from human to human. Then Leopoldville created a world where increased prostitution could spread syphilis more quickly, such that the ulcers which present the greatest danger of transferring SIV were all over the place, and SIV was now able to jump from one person to another fast enough to mutate into HIV.

Now as for Ebola and HIV, both of those diseases are more deadly than the diseases that seem to come from livestock concentration. One of them is a hundred percent fatal, the other fifty percent without treatment. Likewise the source of the Black Plague was Central or East Asian rodents moving into human agricultural areas due to climate change, and the disease itself appears to have an untreated mortality rate of thirty to sixty percent if bubonic, one hundred percent if pneumonic or Septicimic -- as if a wild microbe that hits human populations without an intermediary host is invariably more deadly than one that arises out of the intermediary host.

That's assuming the Plague hit humans directly through people eating gerbils in the manner of people eating Bushmeat to catch SIV, and that neither rats nor fleas were the intermediate host where the bacteria could go from benign to virulent. To compare the Black Plague to Ebola is also to conflate the behavior of viruses with bacteria. I do not know if they would react to certain selection pressure the same way.

All I know is that these microbes which become dangerous among crowded livestock seem to have a lower, or perhaps slower, mortality rate than the ones which develop from direct wild-to-human transfer. The zoonotic diseases that humans are supposed to have picked up from livestock at the beginning of human-animal domestication -- Tuberculosis, Smallpox, Cowpox, Glanders, Escheria Coli, and so forth -- generally have a much lower mortality rate than Ebola, with only Smallpox reaching the untreated mortality rate of the Black Plague --

In populations already exposed to the disease, at any rate. For virgin populations such as the entire Western Hemisphere circa 1492, the untreated mortality rate was something even Ebola could not match. It may simply be that the zoonotic diseases livestock herders are familiar with are less deadly because their most dangerous strains burned themselves out tens of thousands of years ago. In that sense, the only real difference between zoonotic diseases incubating in livestock and those hitting humans directly would be the novelty, where these wild diseases, being invariably new to us, have not yet burned through enough people to create a selection pressure towards less fatal strains.

One might argue that Rabies has been known for many thousands of years and remains as deadly as it ever was, and is a very good example of how dangerous a virus can be when it infects humans directly from the wild. But the fact that Rabies spreads though biting means that it's not viral in the same way as most other diseases. Despite the fact that the virus itself has an evolution rate similar to any other RNA virus, it doesn't have the transmission rate of most other RNA viruses, so I would expect that its effective rate of evolution is much too slow to force it into something less deadly.

In point of fact, of the seven major species in the Lyssavirus family, nearly all of them follow the same pattern as Rabies: bats as a wild reservoir, human transmission through biting, fatal if untreated, human transmission extremely rare. Only Mokola Virus is endemic in mammal populations like the Rabies we know, and then only in South Africa; as it has the possibility of being transferred by Mosquitoes, it may have a much shorter time scale for selection pressure than any other Lyssavirus and, as it happens, one of the two humans who contracted the disease recovered. Nor do the cats infected with Mokola Virus exhibit unprovoked aggression in the manner of Rabies. While all these strains appear to have evolved within the last 1500 years, only Mokola Virus appears to face enough selection pressure to evolve into a milder form. For the rest, they still run wild, and it will be a long, long time before they settle down.

Rabies remains deadly for being new in comparison to its evolutionary time scale, and HIV remains deadly for being new in relation to its own time scale, and Ebola remains deadly for being new in general, where livestock-zoonotic diseases have been facing more intense selection pressure for quite a while longer than these diseases direct from the wild. We're all virgin populations for Ebola, Rabies, and HIV like the Western Hemisphere was a virgin population for   Smallpox.  That's a more prosaic explanation for this discrepancy than some aspect of livestock that makes their epidemics less deadly...

Especially since James Gallagher at the BBC News says HIV is already adapting into a slightly less deadly form as it gets used to human immune systems.

And yet the initial outbreak of SARS in 2003 was entirely novel, it came from a wild vector and its case fatality rate was an average of nine percent. That looks like a case of a novel wild virus with direct transfer being much less than fatal. Palm Civets, there you go, there's the vector, right? Except that these palm civets were in the wild-animal MARKET, and the virus itself has a wild reservoir in bats, so if the civets were shoved in close together like any livestock then the disease would have developed within their population just the same as if they were all pigs. I can't say that SARS was a direct transfer from the wild.

As for this Novel Coronavirus...while Hubei does a lot of livestock operations but the pandemic has been traced to Wuhan's Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, which also sells lots and lots of wild animals, quite similar to the meat market in Guandong where the 2003 SARS came from. As I imagine it, the virus started from one bat, incubated among wild animals crowded together, and developed in just the same way as 2003 SARS.

The fact that the virus appears to have a low variability among known genomic sequences stands in marked contrast to HIV, which has a great deal of genetic variability in its many subtypes, and Ebola, which is an entire genus of viruses, as well as the aforementioned seven species of Lyssavirus, of which Rabies is but one part. It is as if this novel Coronavirus hit a crowded population just once and took off from there, facing, as I said, no selection pressure to force genetic variety, where viruses picked up directly from the wild have competed against their wild hosts a long time before ever reaching humans.

I imagine the scenario as follows:

1. A living landscape in its proper state has a great deal of genetic variety among its multicelled organisms.

2. This variety creates an evolutionary selection pressure in their attendant microbial populations, which means these microbial populations will have a degree of genetic diversity matching the macrobial popluation.

3. Humans pushing their industry into these areas for the first time reduce the genetic diversity of the area, thereby reducing the diversity of immune responses, and letting certain microbes spread farther.

4. At the same time, humans pushing industry into these areas are coming across populations of wild microbes that still have a high degree of genetic diversity.

5. Humans doing the grunt work in this industrial push have many opportunities for contact with this population of wild microbes through direct contact with wild animals.

6. Wild microbes enter the human population with multiple strains, be they subtypes or whole species, where a wild microbe hitting a stockyard first would be only one or a very few strains.

7. Having a high degree of genetic variety from the start, they have much more chance to compete against human immune systems than the intermediary-incubated epidemics, so they are invariably more damaging to their human host.

8. By the same token, they cannot be endemic among human populations like the diseases that grew out of microbes hitting livestock operations, because as they have survived within wild macrobial populations that resist them well, they are optimized for surviving within a host and against virulence. Their methods of human-to-human transfer, be it saliva, sexual intercourse, or skin contact, have a low rate of success compared to the livestock-incubated diseases.

See for example Leprosy, which appears to have a wild reservoir in Red Squirrels, does terrible things to its victims, and...is not very contagious between humans.

The existence of Cholera complicates this picture because it is an incredibly deadly disease like Ebola, and it seems to be endemic to human populations, in contrast to Ebola which disappears until industry expands into the jungle again. And it is extremely virulent, without having a stealthy effect on humans. How does Cholera win the epidemic jackpot? By having its wild microbial reservoir in water. Water contaminated with fecal matter causes zooplankton to pick up the bacteria; oysters then eat the zooplankton; humans eat the oysters, and get sick; suddenly they’re contaminating the water with their own fecal matter and the disease is living free in the local water for a while, and everyone else gets it.  Cholera is unusual for having a wild reservoir that is invariably close to human habitation, such that it remains endemic without becoming any less wild. Let us say, then, that Cholera is not endemic to humans, but is endemic to a source so close to them that it might as well be. It comes in waves, because it comes on the waves.

Perhaps not so unusual. There is a land-based wild reservoir that resembles that of Cholera. Once upon a time, there was once another extremely virulent and deadly disease in the manner of Cholera, called the English Sweating Sickness. It killed its victims in the space of hours, and had outbreaks from 1485 to 1551. The most likely source was a strain of Hantavirus with a wild reservoir in rodents. Like the schools of wild fish, its reservoir was constantly interacting with human populations, as rodents broke into human food stores. English Sweating Sickness has never been seen again, but Hantaviruses remain quite dangerous, enough so that a discovery of mouse droppings in a human space demands immediate and thorough cleanup.

I find it telling that the aforementioned article mentions this English Sweating Sickness coming in a time of agricultural and social upheaval. I also find it telling that Wikipedia attributes the first major recorded Cholera epidemic to increased commerce, pilgrimage and migration. Just like folks in China hitting the SARS viruses, eh? Wuhan’s meat market has a bunch of wild animals to sell because people are running into them more, as they push capitalist industry further into wild spaces. So those wild microbes hit populations that are tailor-made for turning a virus into an epidemic. These wild reservoirs are somewhat dangerous on their own, as Rabies and Lyme Disease will tell. You can walk in the forest without fear of breathing them in, as long as you avoid getting bit by anything. But to destroy their habitats, to reduce the genetic diversity of those places, so that there's less buffer between the viruses and us, just for the sake of making more money faster, well...that’s when these critters get into our lungs.

It’s the interface of an increase in Intensive Industrialism with Wilderness that does the trick.

As I live in the Northeast United States, in the foothills of the northern Appalachian Mountains, I and all my friends deal with this every damn summer when we have to worry about Deer Ticks. Those didn’t become a problem until people shoved their big suburban houses up against the woods just as they were coming back, and in the new forest with new deer populations there were no wolves, so there’s deer everywhere and there are deer ticks everywhere. Lyme Disease gets into a person and it never goes away on its own, but gums up your joints and wears you down over the years if left untreated. Call it the AIDS of New England. Human immune systems can’t handle AIDS nor Lyme Disease, and I don’t think that’s a coincidence. Lyme Disease is yet another virus direct from the woods.

Supposedly Poison Ivy comes from the same issue, for as people shove their houses up against the woods they create more of the edge-forest area where Poison Ivy thrives.

It’s that edge that does it. The edge between Industry and Wilderness, that’s where the world boils and roils and spits out hot stuff like someone put too much oil in the fry pan. Edge environments always have the most activity in the first place even if they’re All Natural. Continental shelves, forest edges, river banks, lake shores, swamps, salt marshes, whatever the biologists will call an Ecotone. That’s where the living world boils and roils, as the creatures of one biome meet another. If Intense Human Industry barges into the place and smashes it up without an ounce of caution -- well, the results are like someone smashing a fist into a frypan of simmering oil.

“That’s what you get for messing with the Wilderness!” cry the Eco-facists and all the folks who think humans are a disease upon the earth. “Mother Gaia takes her revenge! So there!”

And there I come to the one part of Chuangchn’s article that I really disagree with. The author thinks that we’re Losing The Wilderness. But I don’t think we’ve ever really had any. Not Wilderness with a capital W, at any rate. Humans have been significant shapers of the living landscape for tens of thousands of years. Our species has been fairly well integrated with the world and highly influential, a lot like beavers making ponds all across northeast North America. In the same time period as beavers, humans were setting enough small fires in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico to be a bigger factor for forest fires than the climate was. Likewise the Amazon Rainforest that we think of being a Pristine Landscape Untouched By The Hand Of Man was actually shaped by centuries of human activity. Humans made all the terra preta that you can find throughout the rainforest. Hard to believe that they could make fertile soil without livestock! I will leave you to guess of where that manure came from.

Indeed, to speak of "wilderness" implies that we are separate from the world, and it is this mindset that leads us to set aside certain areas as Natural Pristine Beauty and then pave over everything around them. Both lands are thus diminished by the desire for Purity. If we were willing to incorporate the rest of living world, letting it live and grow with our influence but not our destruction, as once we used to, such that the genetic variety of the world was not reduced -- perhaps then we would not have these epidemics after all. It is not that we need to Preserve The Wilderness so much as we need to become part of the world again.

As it is, capitalism prefers that this does not happen, because it means a slower increase in personal wealth for the select people holding all the money. Capitalism does not live and let live. It cannot. The system wants more, more, more, faster and faster. To clarify: certain people holding all the money want more, more, more, faster and faster. There is no place they would let alone if they could make lots of money off it soon, nor any place they would let make money slowly when it could make money quickly. So you see people choosing to strip-mine a place instead of sell tickets for river rafting.

This was never necessary, except to serve the greed for personal wealth and power. And yet, was it even necessary for that? The Empire of the Incans functioned without money or markets, as did every civilization for thousands of years, until someone invented coinage around the 600s BCE. Plenty of wealth and power to be had without coins, surely! The real value of money is liquidity and speed, and some people want their fortune Now. Maybe it’s the Greed For Speed that makes the difference between the power-grabbing of an aristocrat and the power-grabbing of a merchant.

And so as we alter the landscape too fast it cannot adapt in time, and suffers greatly.

We see the results in one epidemic after another. It’s not Gaia’s Revenge; it’s just the fallout of us setting things up to make a virus’s happy accident our unhappy accident, time and again.

[datscienceghostboi]

Lead Skeleton

Part 2 to my addition post about Danny phantom

Left off on the ghost “life cycle”

STEP3: Every now and again the ghost may move away from its “haunt” or wait for hosts to enter the “haunt” to “overshadow” of potential host. Ghost have been observed to be able to make particles or reactions once thought theoretical or impossible. Such as gravitons which interact with and dictate gravitational fields “flight”. To “overshadow” a host ghost somehow manipulate intermolecular nuclear force to decrease the space between atoms. They shrink down to a size that could fit in the human body and quantum tunnel “phase” in. From there they hijack nervous system function to blockout Brain signals and essentially trick the body into thinking that the ghost mass is the brain. They also hijack stimuli coming into the brain so they can observe and interact with the envirment. Making sure the human never strays far from a source of ionizing radiation (which ghosts need to function). Terrifyingly this means that while the ghost encapsulates the brain, it is exposed to nuclear reactor core levels of radiation. Human biology simply cannot handle this. Ghosts get general shape and neuron structure from humans or earth based organisms. The human DNA is kept in the ghosts nucleus which is surrounded by a thick shell of programable matter taking in the properties of lead or some other radiation-blocking material so that no DNA structure is broken down. They may employ a similar method in hosts, but not as thick or complex because of limited space. So the dazed confusion of post possession is beacause of the brains exposure to radiation. Normally lead is toxic to humans, but because ghosts use programmable matter they take it all with them once they leave. Once inside a host the ghost contructs a duplicate to implant in the host. The duplicate is microscopic in comparison to the original. I stated before that the ducicate only has copied DNA but I’m gonna change this. The ghost has only the DNA that commands it to be a ghost. This is the only DNA that carries over. After all ghosts need something to tell them to be ghosts so there’s actually a “ghost genome” that goes through a process similar to cellular division, but the original keep all the DNA that it got from its own host. Ghost may employ a system of constructed DNA to make duplicates identical to them but when seeding a duplicate that’ll become its own ghost, it will not. This is the end of the cycle as the original leaves the host to return to its “haunt” and the duplicate begins at step 1. There are also subtypes of ghost with different genomes. One such subtype is actually more like an actual organism. It feeds off specific cocktails of brain chemicals for an energy source. Meaning it has no glow (chernokov radiation) and cannot employ abilities like ectoblasts/pyrokinesis or cytokinesis. Being limited to just phasing, invisibility and overshadowing. Spectra is one such example. Requiring emotions to continue function and not have a glow and appearing more human. She even needs Bertrand for the standard ghost defensive and offensive abilities. She would also have to physical touch or phase some of her mass into a host to feed of their brain chemicals.

Ghost abilities such as ectoblasts/pyrokinesis work by ghosts shifting or altering their cytoskeleton/programmable matter to focus radiationabsorption into a specific area to heat up the material. Ghosts are composed mainly of cytosol which is basically water, but it does contain magnesium. they can collect a mass of magnesium from their cytosol to create combustion when it reacts to the increased heat. This is less like a laser and more like a flamethrower. They can also employ cytokinesis by sucking up or absorbing the radiation out of a specific area (the level of radiation is equal everywhere in the ghosts mass except for the cytoskeleton where the use it for function) to create a rapid decrease in temperature to freeze the cytosol.

Halfas. As stated are humans who were exposed to to high amounts of electricity/radiation and blank ghost duplicates at the same time. Creating a loop where the ghost accidentally integrates into the humans cells. Becoming live a flesh eating virus. Consuming and replacing dead cells with new ghost ones. However only the skin and maybe the musclar system would be totally ghost replaced initially. The organs, skeleton and circulatory system may take time to replace. Remaining human for up to a decade. In their low energy (human) form halfas have exact one to one chemical copies of their human anantomy. The programable matter becoming flesh and the cytosol hiding as water. In their high energy (ghost) form they condense all the programmable matter that made up muscle and skin into a thick outer shell with only cytosol being inbetween the skeleton, veins and organs and the outer shell. They also subconsiously employ an inner layer of programmable matter in the form of lead encaseing the human parts to protect from internal radiation. The human form is the default form as it relies on intake nutrients to gain energy for function while the ghost form need ionizing radiation which is not as easily aquired in the human world. The flash of light from transformation is the rapid movement of electrons through the mass to supplement the new form (which ever it switches to) created a short burst of increased chernokov radiation. The reason halfas don’t have this glow in human form is because it totally replicates human biology, meaning no radiation is absorbed and the movement of electrons isnt faster than the propagation of light. Halfas can employ any ghostly ability so long as their human biology is shielded. They can phase because anything within the ghosts mass with phase with it. Danny couldn’t phase tucker and Sam in “mystery meat” until he spread himself in a thin layer over them by means of physical contact. Invisibility is the warping or distortion of light around the mass. So long as the human parts are lead/radiation shielded they can use internal radiation for any regular ghost offensive/ defensive ability. The ghostly wail is the use of programable matter to vibrate the mass at a freaquency so high it causes physical destruction to anything within its immediate surrounding. This wouldn’t be directional though as sound moves out in all directions so whatever was behind Danny would face the same destruction. The reason no one can guess/plainly see phantoms human skeleton/organs is because the outer shell is way thicker than other ghosts. Halfas being totally opaque rather than regular ghosts which are transparent. The reason I drew halfas showing their Skeleton is to accentuate the point of how their internal mass looks. Phantoms irregular apprearence may also explain why the fentons and the governments fixation on Danny over typical ghost subjects. The fentons weapons, portal and ghost zone I’ll do in a part 3

[imsensingatriptoikea]

About Oakley

Oakley Adler

BASIC INFORMATION

OCCUPATION Bookseller, Activist 

AGE 18-28 (verse dependent)

NATIONALITY 

GENDER & PRONOUNS She/They

ORIENTATION grey-romantic, grey-asexual

Oakley grew up in a small, happy family. She was always encouraged to explore the world around her and the people around her. Her parents were always accepting of all her interests and when she began to want to explore social justice, psychology, and her own identity they did everything they could to support her. Her mother works at a Youth Services Center where she focuses on programs and making sure youth in need have access to programs and support, such as extra curricular activities, group therapy, employment help, etc. Her father is a large animal vet and travels a lot to various farms, rescues, and sanctuaries for fam animals. Between her two parents and their care of people and animals it was inevitable that she would have opinions and ideas about issues around her.

In her second year of university, she met August in one of her English classes. He was taking it as an elective and they hit it off. After getting to know each other for a few months they started to date. They dated for 4 years before she started to realize that her sexuality may be different than what she initially believed. She had been learning more about the LGBTQ+ community and identities she realized she was grey-asexual and accepted that. August was supportive and did his best, but didn’t quite understand what that meant. As time went on Oakley got more into the LGBTQ+ community and activism, realizing that she was also grey-romantic. In her need to rediscover herself and her identity she ended her relationship with August, but they remain close friends and in a supportive queerplatonic relationship.

She is currently working in a feminist and inclusive bookstore while also figuring out how she wants to be an activist and what that looks like for her. She loves to be outside and with animals. She volunteers at an animal shelter and at sanctuaries when she has the time. 

BASIC INFORMATION

FULL NAME: Oakley Adler

NICKNAME(S): O, Oak

SPECIES: human

OCCUPATION: student, bookseller, activist

AGE: 19 – 28 depending on verse

DATE OF BIRTH: March 18

NATIONALITY:

GENDER & PRONOUNS: demigirl, She/They

ORIENTATION: grey-asexual, grey-romantic,  

LIBIDO: low

RELIGION: n/a

 PHYSICAL INFORMATION

FACE CLAIM: Tashi Rodriguez

HEIGHT: 5’ 7

EYE COLOUR: brown

HAIR COLOUR + STYLE: dark brown, curly

DOMINANT HAND: right

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES: freckles

ACCENT + INTENSITY:

TATTOO(S): yes

SCAR(S): no

PIERCING(S): ears

GLASSES: no

 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

HOMETOWN:

CURRENT RESIDENCE:

LANGUAGE(S): english

SOCIAL CLASS: middle class

BASIC EDUCATION:

COLLEGE EDUCATION: psychology and english

DEGREE(S): Bachelor of Arts

PARENT #1: Jonathan Adler

PARENT #2: Christine Adler

SHIP

SIBLING(S): Winter (older brother), Devan (younger sister)

CHILD(REN): N/A

PET(S): Bearded dragon named Smaug

ADOPTED? No

RAP SHEET? No

PRISON TIME? No

ILLNESS:

 PERSONALITY INFORMATION

JUNG TYPE

SUBTYPE

ENNEATYPE

MORAL ALIGNMENT

TEMPERAMENT

ANGER

SCHEMATA

INTELLIGENCE TYPE

NEURODIVERGENCE(S)

AT RISK

VICES + HABITS

SMOKES? No

DRINKS? Yes

DRUGS? No

VIOLENT? No

ADDICTION(S)? No

SELF-DESTRUCTIVE? No

HOBBIES: reading, learning about sexuality and psychology, hiking, drawing,

LIKES: animals, hiking, camping, fashion, fresh produce

DISLIKES: eating meat, injustice, 

STRENGTH

WEAKNESSES:

OBSESSION(S):

COMPULSION(S):

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

ZODIAC: Pisces

VICE

VIRTUE

[thewellnesssystem]

The Wellness System Process

Getting Used to the Resource Map (first time)

When you first begin TWS, you might feel a bit overwhelmed. There are many terms and concepts that take some getting used to. I recommend that you start out the TWS process with the resource map. After you browse the map, you will find certain foods that you will feel drawn to. You don't need to create structures yet. Just use the map as a guide and explore consuming different resources. Do this for about a week and see if you feel better. If you are happy simply perusing the resources map and you don't have time to make structures, keep using the resource map as a guide. Whatever works best for you is what you should do.

Practice Creating All Structures (first time)

If you decide that you want to continue with TWS, the next step is to practice creating structures. There are 6 types of structures and 2 subtypes. First, get used to copying and pasting all the pieces for your structures. Make sure that the expression formulas translate properly. At first, don't worry about the composite or tuning, just piece them together so you know what they look like. Second, focus on the composite. Make sure that the composite is summing all the components and the composite expression is transforming the components into metrics. Once you know how to put them together, it's time to start applying logic and balancing your components. Make sure that a structure's expression is all green before you consume it. Lastly, start consuming the structures that you put together. Take your list to the grocery store. When preparing your meal, use your food scale to make sure your portions are exact. As you consume your structures, you will learn certain things about certain resources, for example, spinach wilts so you can use a lot of it. Also, you can restrict your meat to 100g.

Determine What You Want to Change

Determine the problems that you are trying to overcome. The next step is to decide what to change in order to solve those problems. For example, if you don't like having to add the composites of 3 formations every day, you can decide to change to a grid. Or if you want to start tracking your water consumption, you can create an extension.

Apply Your Changes by Refactoring Your Structures

Once you've decided what you want to change, make the corresponding changes to your structures. Archive your formations and start tracking with grids. Add an extension row for water to every grid. This will change how you interact with the system. This exploration is about figuring out how the system works best for you.

Formulate a Strategy (first time)

The core of TWS is to create and maintain your own personal wellness strategy. Once you've been using it for about a month, it's time to create a strategy. The terms "strategy" and "diet" are equivalent in TWS.

A goal is where you are heading. In TWS, the goal is wellness. A strategy is how you get there. Here are some example strategies:

Basic Strategy:

Eat mostly plant-based foods

Eat three small meals a day

Avoid carbs

Drink plenty of water

TWS Strategy:

Create structures every day

Micro-fast in the morning

Measure structures out and cook them accordingly

Drink plenty of water

As you can see, there are some key differences between these two strategies. The first strategy tells you what you can consume. It also tells you how much you can consume. Most people would find this diet simple to use, however, it might not be the best solution for your body.

The second strategy is different. It does not tell you what you can eat. It tells you how to determine what you can eat. By creating structures every day, you are deciding what you want to eat. The system enhances your choices, making sure that your strategy is as good as it can possibly be. This strategy has a better chance of maintaining long-term because it can adapt with you.

Evaluate Your Strategy Periodically and Adapt If Need Be

I suggest that you write down your strategy and keep it in a safe place. Evaluating and adapting your strategy is an important part of TWS. For example, I used to consume oatmeal every morning for breakfast. Then, I'd switch to cereal, then back to oatmeal. Eventually, I realized that eating oatmeal or cereal wasn't helping me lose weight. This was 300-400 Calories every day which adds up to about 3lbs per month. So instead, I adapted my strategy by introducing a micro-fast. So, now I drink nothing but juice for breakfast, and that's it.

Continue the TWS cycle

Once you've adapted your strategy and started using it, eventually, you will find that you must return to Determine and continue the process again. This keeps TWS a living thing and helps you to get the most out of it. Determine, Apply, Evaluate, Adapt

[epiphanicwiring]

1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 29, 30? Haha yes, I know, those are a lot of questions. :D

 I like this set of questions so much, so thank you for asking them!

1. favourite place in your country?: I haven’t travelled much within my country. I’m from Gran Buenos Aires, and I’m an hour away or less from Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, well, from the center of Capital Federal (where the Obelisco is), just to clarify since CABA is a large conglomerate of cities. I love the city. When I go to Capital Federal, I usually like to visit museums, cafeterias (I love coffee, so whenever I go out, I must have some good quality coffee), theatres, parks, ecological reserves. My favourite cafeteria is London City, where one of my favourite authors, Julio Cortázar, used to write his works. My favourite theatre of course has to be Teatro Colón, it’s one of the best 5 opera houses in the world due to its acoustical properties. I’ve also visited Entre Ríos province (known for their hot springs) and Tandil in Buenos Aires. I have lots of nice memories from my trip to Tandil, my favourite one is when I got to see the sun rise through the mountains from the window of the hotel because I couldn’t sleep all night due to my brother’s snore; and eating waffles in a site located in the heights after going up with the chairlifts. But I don’t have a favourite place, I’d say I have favourite moments: When walking through the streets of a residential place like El Barrio Inglés in Banfield city, or when I go to my local café la Riviera in blissful solitude. I also like the beach at night (my favourite place in the coast is San Bernardo. I usually don’t like going to the beach, though). Another beautiful place I’ve visited is Cariló, I loved the alpine architecture and the forests. Last but not least, there’s an airport in Costanera Norte called “Aeroparque Jorge Newbery”. Costanera’s not a beautiful place per se but when I was a child I liked to watch the planes lift off (there’s even a photo of me as a memory). When I was 14 or something, I went to this aeroparque again, and I couldn’t help but cry while watching the planes lift off. I love planes and anything regarding aviation/aerospace activity. I usually cry because of technology, haha.

2. do you prefer spending your holidays in your country or travel abroad?: I’ve only once travelled abroad. It happened last year, I went to Chile, specifically Santiago de Chile. I’d love to both travel abroad and visit other provinces in my country. I love cold weather and mountains, so my next trip has to be Patagonia (south of Argentina). My country is beautiful, and I truly mean it- as it’s large longitudinally, there’s lots of climate/ecosystem variety and of course, merges of different cultures since enormous flows of people came to our country in between the XIX and XX centuries. Internationally-wise, I’d love to visit Prague, Czech Republic; Berlin, Germany and Tokyo, Japan. 

4. favourite dish specific for your country?: I’m vegetarian, so I can’t say much from local dishes (even less when I was vegan). Argentinians are meat eaters, asado (like a barbecue, but much better) is the Argentinian dish by excellence. I like alfajores, pastelitos de membrillo and in general Argentine pastry, but I tend to eat mainly Indian/Italian/French dishes (if I ever eat… I’m such a disaster when it comes to eating!)

8. do you get confused with other nationalities? if so, which ones and by whom?: Not really. When I was with my brother in Chile, everybody noticed we were Argentinians right on the spot. I don’t necessarily look Argentinian or “latina”, or that’s what I’ve been told at least, but my accent when speaking in Spanish is clearly porteño (from Buenos Aires).   

9. which of your neighbouring countries would you like to visit most/know best?: I loved Chile. I’d go to Chile a hundred times more, really. It’s a beautiful country. I’d like to visit other Latin American countries but not necessarily neighbouring countries (Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru).

13. does your country (or family) have any specific superstitions or traditions that might seem strange to outsiders?: I don’t know… We Argentinians greet each other by giving a kiss on the cheek. It’s probably weird outside of my country. 

16. which stereotype about your country you hate the most and which one you somewhat agree with?: So here I found some stereotypes: “In Brazil and Uruguay, Argentines are stereotyped as arrogant, proud, narcissistic and racist.[1] To this Argentines are also known for being gossipy, full of grandeur, liars (chantas), envious, quick and exaggerated in Uruguay.[2]Chileans also often depict Argentines as arrogant.[3] In addition to the above, Argentines have also been labeled as lazy, vain, and pedantic, but also kind and carefree, in scientific polls.[4]In Spain and other South American countries such as Peru, Argentines are stereotyped as passionate – though somewhat coarse – as well as noble, honest, and kind.” Yes, they are all true in my eyes. I’ve never quite felt Argentinian, to be honest, although I do love my country. It’s just, I don’t like my society and part of my culture. I’m not as spontaneous, passionate, friendly, emotional, wrong-reasons-based arrogant as my Argentina counterparts. I’ve always had problems to reciprocate Argentine social expectations. The hugs, the kiss on the cheeks, the spontaneity, the joking nature, the lack of “stoicism”… 

18. do you speak with a dialect of your native language?: In Argentina, we speak Español rioplatense (the other country which speaks in this Spanish subtype is Uruguay). For example, instead of saying “tú” (you) we say “vos” (voseo), and a plethora of things that are far away from “neutral” Spanish or the Spanish talked in Spain. Throughout the country, every province has an accent (the cordobés accent from Córdoba province is very distinct than that from Buenos Aires, so forth and so on), and people from the North of our country may use mannerisms that come from a more neutral usage of Spanish. My mannerisms and way of speaking are clearly from Buenos Aires. 

21. if you could send two things from your country into space, what would they be?: A cliché answer would be “mate” and “dulce de leche” but I’d say our satellites (apparently SpaceX is launching an Argentine satellite, SAOCOM, this year?) and all of our politicians. 

24. what other nation is joked about most often in your country?: While growing up, adults around me used to joke about gallegos (people from Spain, as we call them, and not necessarily from Galicia). Usually it’s told that “los gallegos son cuadrados”, meaning that they are short-sighted, don’t think outside the box, basically calling them stupid. I used to read a comics called “Mafalda”, in which a character, Manolito, is the son of a Spanish family, and he’s tremendously brute. We (as in most Argentinians and not me) also joke about asians and people from other Latin American countries.

26. does your nationality get portrayed in Hollywood/American media? what do you think about the portrayal?: I don’t really know. I’m not into American media nor movies.

29. does your region/city have a beef with another place in your country?: I didn’t understand this question, sorry, but here in Argentina we have “the” beef.

30. do you have people of different nationalities in your family?: No, but we are all of European descent (mainly Italian, Spanish, French-Basque). From what my mother was told, she could have been countess in a small region of Italy… And her Italian grandparents used to be classical musicians that got to play in La Scala, Milan. At least that’s what I’ve been told. My grandmother’s surname was Cagnoni (clearly Italian), and my grandfather’s surname was Segretin (clearly French). I know nothing about my father’s roots, though. He was adopted and he didn’t want to know anything else.

[afriendtokilltime]

Guide for New Paladins (Paladin FAQ)

We at the University of Justice would like to thank Professor Hayashi Sayuri for writing up a helpful FAQ for our new students. As she is missing all but one of her limbs, she is the only one on staff who has the time to write it up.. Let this set an example to all our young paladins to always strive to do good, in whatever small ways you can.

Author’s Note: Go fuck yourself, Bartosz.

If, at the end of this FAQ--or even before it--you have any further questions for Professor Hayashi, please drop them in my ask box. (Write “ask Hayashi” or “for Hayashi” or “paladin FAQ” or something so I know it’s aimed at her.)

Q: Can I lie?

Your powers come from your force of personality. What do you think?

Q: Can I use poison?

Yes.

Q: But that’s dishonorable!

You’re a paladin, not a knight.

Q: I’m lawful. Shouldn’t I follow the rules of honorable combat?

No.

Q: I’ve been challenged by a Blackguard to a duel in single combat, and she’s far more powerful than me. What should I do?

Cheat.

Q: Seriously?

Yeah. You’re not a knight. Or a Blackguard for that matter. People expect paladins to be honorable, but we don’t have to, so it’s more surprising when we cheat. It’s an advantage you shouldn’t waste.

Q: Isn’t cheating chaotic?

It can be. A lot of cheating tactics lean toward chaos. If you’ve been cheating a lot in combat, you should be careful to make sure you’re being very lawful in your day-to-day life. Spend a couple days around an actual chaotic person--that should do the trick.

Q: Am I allowed to use ranged weaponry?

What kind of Hoplite shit is this?

Q: Am I allowed to run away?

Are you allowed to use tactics? Yes. Yes you are.

Q: But shouldn’t I stand my ground?

Not if you can escape and fight again tomorrow. Being a paladin doesn’t mean you have to be Stupid Good.

Q: What if there are innocents who will die? I can’t just leave them.

Oh, then you sacrifice yourself. Just don’t do it for nothing.

Q: Do I have to challenge people to single combat?

No. Single combat is usually stupid. You’re not even well-built for single combat. You can hit evil things pretty hard, but you’re still pretty much just a melee combatant. You’ll do a lot better if you have a wizard friend to throw fireballs and a rogue friend to backstab your opponent.

Q: Am I allowed to steal?

In very specific circumstances, yes. For example, you could steal a key from a guard to free some prisoners. Or you could steal an evil artifact from some cultists in order to destroy it. Basically, the rule of thumb is that you can’t steal if it would profit you anyway, or if it would hurt innocents.

Q: So can I loot corpse?

Oh yeah, totally. How do you think I got this sweet axe?

Q: I’ve heard that all paladins must consume a daily quantity of sugar, but I’m a diabetic. What should I do?

...what? What the fuck?

Q: Am I allowed to have premarital sex?

Have as much sex as you want. Actually, there’s a spell some paladins learn that lets them have half-celestial kids.

Q: Yeah, but if you’re married, it’s different!

Look, UofJ is a college. If sex made you fall, we wouldn’t have any students after the first two weeks.

Q: Can I be gay and be a paladin?

I don’t know. Let me ask my girlfriend.

Q: But I mean, you can’t, like, have sex, right?

Yeah, I’m not discussing my sex life with students.

Q: I’m in a poly relationship. Do I have to give it up to become a paladin?

It doesn’t matter what kind of relationship you are in. It literally doesn’t matter.

Except an abusive relationship, I guess. If you’re abusive, you’ll fall.

Q: I’m into, um, kinky stuff in the bedroom. Could that keep me from becoming a paladin?

Ah, college kids. Such priorities.

Q: My girlfriend cheated on me, and she’s still a paladin. How is that possible?

Because that’s not evil. It just makes you a dick. You can be a dick and still be a paladin, Ginevra.

Q: Am I allowed to drink?

With this job? Yeah.

Q: So if you can drink are you allowed to do...other things...like drugs?

Drugs have nothing to do with alignment. The drug trade is evil, though, so...grow your own, maybe?

Q: Do I have to respect my elders? I wish you did.

Q: Am I allowed to kill prisoners?

If a mortal being has surrendered, no. (Unless they draw a weapon, or--in some circumstances--if they attempt to run away.)

Q: What if the person who surrendered killed my father, and I want to avenge him? (I’m asking for a friend.)

We don’t do that. If you want vengeance, get a different class.

Q: Am I allowed to use torture?

Torture is always evil.

Q: But what if I need to do it to get information that will save lives?

It’s still evil. Anyway, torture isn’t really effective. Even if you, say, saw someone’s foot off so they can’t walk anymore (without any anesthesia or magic), they won’t tell you the truth, they’ll just say what you want to hear.

Q: How do I get the information, then?

Your powers come from your force of personality. Maybe you can think of something?

Q: I want to become a paladin, but I’m impatient and I don’t know if I can deal with being nice to people all the time.

Then you’re in luck, because paladins are the biggest assholes I’ve ever met.

Q: Am I allowed to use evil magic?

No...it’s evil…?

Q: So I can’t use necromancy?

No, necromancy is fine. Evil magic is anything that comes from the lower planes. You know. Where evil comes from. That’s all.

Q: But undead are evil!

Most of them. But necromancy is negative energy, not evil. Are you really planning on double-classing paladin/wizard necromancy subtype?

Q: Well, no, but I--

Didn’t think so.

Q: Is eating meat evil?

Oh fuckers, not you again! I have to say this every year. No. Eating meat will never be evil.

Q: Am I allowed to swear?

No.

Q: Am I allowed to be sarcastic?

No.

Q: Which god do I have to worship?

None of them.

Q: What? I can be an atheist?

Sure. Or you can worship a god. There’s plenty of places of worship on campus. But it’s not a requirement. (And ignore that “wall of the faithless” crap, that’s just god propaganda.)

Q: This sounds like some sort of Sigil crap.

Not all atheists come from Sigil. Some of them are normal Primes who just don’t happen to worship a god.

Q: But still, I want to be a humble paladin, not a stuck-up wizard in an ivory tower or something.

Actually, there’s more atheist paladins than any other class. Because we know where we’ll go when we die, there’s not much incentive--

Hayashi, this is starting to sound like a conversion pamphlet.

Let’s try that again. Worshiping, or not worshiping, any given god will have no affect on your status as a paladin. Got it?

Q: But I met someone who was a paladin of Pelor/Garl Glittergold/the One/Dionysus/Eilistraee!

Yeah. Lots of paladins do that. But they don’t get their powers from their god. It’s just something they say to show they draw their inspiration from their god. You could be a paladin of learning or a paladin of cheese and crackers if you want.

Q: So I can be a paladin of Pelor/Garl Glittergold/the One/Dionysus/Eilistraee?

Sure.

Q: That was a joke, right? There are no paladins of Eilistraee, right?

Actually, she has a rather large order. They get purged frequently.

Q: Okay, but...there aren’t any paladins of Lolth, right?

I’ve met at least one.

Q: Are there gods I can’t worship?

Not as far as I know. I mean, swearing fealty to an evil god seems wrong somehow, but plenty of orc paladins from traditional families still worship their racial pantheon.

Q: Orc paladins?!

Heck, even I sometimes go to ceremonies, and I haven’t worshipped those dicks since I was twelve.

Q: I might feel more comfortable getting this information from a, uh...human paladin?

Too bad. Anyway, I’m half-elven, and I’ve only got my left arm, so let’s assume that’s the elven half.

Q: That’s not how halves work.

Worship whatever gods you want. And get used to seeing orcs, because UofJ has a “savage scholarship.” It’s some kind of outreach program.

Q: Don’t they fall a lot?

All our students fall a lot. We’ve got a 41% graduation rate.

Q: What about worshipping demons?

Don’t worship demons.

Q: So, I’ll fall?

I don’t know, but nobody should worship demons.

Q: Should I go on a suicide mission to Hell?

No.

Q: Should I go on a suicide mission to the Abyss?

No.

Q: Should I join the blood war?

NO.

Q: I’ve fallen. What should I do now?

First, DO NOT make a deal with a demon.

Okay, second, take a deep breath. Falling isn’t the end. Just get an atonement spell, and you’ll be back in shape after one adventure. The majority of paladins are still LG after falling, with a minority being NG, and a smaller minority becoming CG or LN. Rarely is the action that caused a paladin to fall so heinous that the paladin becomes evil as a result. Although it has been known to happen, Phil.

Third, DO NOT make a deal with a demon.

Q: I don’t want to atone. I don’t think what I did was wrong.

That’s fine. For lots of former paladins, falling was a wake-up call. It made them realize that LG wasn’t for them, and they could do just as much good as a different class. Some become NG or CG, some become LN. Others remain LG, but choose not to atone.

If being a paladin is keeping you from personal fulfilment, I personally suggest you don’t even try. Yeah, free will means we can choose our alignment, but if your nature’s more chaotic, why fight it? Chaos can do just as much good as law.

Just make sure that you DO NOT make a deal with a demon.

Just because you decide to stay fallen, doesn’t mean you need to bang your way down the alignment tree hitting every branch on the way down. One evil action doesn’t mean you’re evil, now. (Those who fell due to becoming chaotic probably shouldn’t need this reminder, but you didn’t even do anything evil.) Being LN (or TN or CN) is a perfectly acceptable option. And you’re probably still good. There’s lots of alignments between “paladin” and “batshit crazy.”

You’re a paladin, so you’re used to alignment being a zero sum game, but now that you’re fallen, it’s time to get used to the idea that everyone has an alignment. Look at all the people around you who aren’t paladins. Do they go around murdering babies and raping cats?

Q: But what I did wasn’t wrong. Isn’t there some sort of Good Appeals Board I can take this up with?

Look, alignment isn’t one of those fuzzy, loosy-goosy conceptual things, like gods or oxygen or whatever. If you get dumped by Lolth, you can appeal to her (good luck), but if your alignment changed, it doesn’t really matter if Heaven takes pity on you or not.

Q: But I’m still Lawful Good!

Doesn’t mean you’re still a paladin, though.

Q: Why not?

If you’re still LG, it’s because you committed an evil action. Few evil actions are enough to change the alignment of a good person (like I said, it can happen, Phil), but those evil actions still matter.

Q: You said alignment is objective. I’m objectively LG! Heaven doesn’t care that I committed one evil action. Why should it matter?

Because we hold ourselves to a higher standard. That’s what makes us paladins.

Q: Didn’t you just say people who weren’t paladins could do just as much good?

Yeah. Cause they see good as a risk/reward calculation. Being willing to let things get a little messy might mean you take the bigger reward--you save more people. You help more. But paladins aren’t just about helping. Paladins are also supposed to be an example of what LG is.

Q: So you’re saying LG is more good than NG and CG are?

No, I’m saying it’s more lawful. Being a paladin means abiding by a code. The code says we never commit and evil action. So even if it seems really small, and the amount of good it could accomplish is really great, we don’t do it, cause it’s against the code.

Q: You’re saying paladins can’t think for themselves?

If there’s anything I’ve learned as a teacher, it’s that people are idiots, and not thinking for themselves is sometimes a blessing.

Q: But I’m still Lawful Good!

Then following a code shouldn’t bother you so much, should it? You can’t be a paladin again until you atone. Says so in the rules. See?

Q: Are the NG and CG exemplars our enemies?

Of course not. The beings of NG and CG are our allies in the fight against evil. Stupid allies who consistently ruin plans, but allies nonetheless.

Q: I’m 37th in a long family line of paladins. My parents want me to become a paladin, too, but I’m not sure. What should I do?

Don’t do it. You’re not cut out for it, and you’ll wind up falling.

Q: Should paladins act for the greater good?

I’ve never met anybody, paladin or otherwise, who said “greater good” and didn’t mean “evil.”

Q: If I meet an evil person, I should kill them, right?

Slow down, sparky. Killing isn’t the solution to every problem.

Q: But I can detect evil!

Yeah, and? That’s so you don’t get tricked by obvious con artists. (I was going to complain about the rumor that paladins are easily tricked, but looking back over these questions, I should probably bite my tongue.) You can’t literally kill everyone who pings as evil.

Q: But they’re evil.

Most of the world’s evil. Take a walk around Rome. If you went around trying to “eliminate” all of them, you’d be fallen in a day.

Q: Paladins are supposed to fight evil. How can I fall for that?

Look, I get that it’s objective reality or whatever, but there’s degrees of evil. Like, are you going to kill a 16 year old street urchin because she’s too poor to get money any other way than picking pockets, when there’s a devil right there?

Q: So you’re saying paladins are never allowed to kill mortals?

What? No, of course not. If it’s in self-defense, or defending someone else, it’s not murder. And even murder can be the right choice sometimes. Just use your brain. If you kill everyone who’s evil, well…

Q: Isn’t it better to try to get rid of all the evil people?

You know alignment can change, right? Free will?

Q: So I shouldn’t kill demons just for being evil, either?

What? No, that’s different. They’re demons. They’re not just people that are evil, they’re made of evil.

Q: Okay, but what about mortals that have a racial inclination to evil?

You mean alufiends? They still have free will. I know a nice LN alufiend who runs a teashop.

Q: And what about savage races?

That’s kind of an outdated term. I believe they prefer...actually, those races have nothing in common, so there is no PC term for them as a whole. “Mortals of non-heroic origin”?

Q: I mean, after wiping out a band of marauding goblins, if I find they had a child, what should I do? Should I slay it, to prevent it from harming the community later?

There is a runaway trolley barrelling down the tracks toward five people who are tied up, unable to move. One person stands on the other tracks. Do you pull the lever to switch the trolley, or do nothing?

Q: What does that have to do with anything?

That’s what you sound like.

Q: But that’s an interesting philosophical question.

No. It’s not. If morality is decided entirely in the realm of the hypothetical, then there’s no consequences, and therefore morality has no meaning. There would never be a trolley barreling toward five people, one person on the other tracks, and you deciding what switch to pull. The only reason to come up with an answer about the trolley problem is to feel good about yourself. UofJ doesn’t train you so you can sit around in an office like me, answering Philosophy 101 questions like some NPC class.

Q: Yeah, but what if there was a trolley?

You want an answer to the trolley problem? Fine. Jump in front of it yourself.

Q: What?

You jump in front of it yourself. You sacrifice yourself. That’s the only thing a paladin ever sacrifices for the good of the group. Get it?

Q: But what if the person on the other tracks was a baby goblin?

Don’t kill children, you idiot!

(Author’s Note: It’s been pointed out to me by my esteemed colleague that some of our students may not be aware that goblins, like all mortal races, have free will. They don’t have a special inclination toward evil. I’d think that’s plenty of justification to flunk them on the spot, but I’m not the president of UofJ.)

Q: But the goblin pantheon is evil!

And Lathander’s the god of the morning, but that doesn’t mean Professor Clery won’t bite your head off if you talk to her before she’s had her cup of coffee. (After she’s woken up at 11, the lazy git.)

Q: It’s different for humans.

It’s really not. And Professor Clery’s a bugbear.

Q: Okay, I won’t kill every evil person I meet, but I can’t travel with them, right?

I mean, that’s up to you.

Q: I won’t fall for having evil companions?

I mean, I guess you would if you started doing evil things with them? But not just for travelling with them, no. An evil person existing doesn’t make you evil by association.

Q: But if I have evil companions, they’ll backstab and betray me.

Not if you’re working toward a common goal. Evil just means they’re willing to screw over other people, not that they’re compelled to do it. If there’s a terrifying world-ending squid that wants to eat your hometown, then the evil hexblade is just as likely to want to get rid of it as you are.

Q: So I can’t torture anybody, but if the party rogue is already evil, I could just get her to do it…?

No!

Q: I thought I was supposed to tolerate my companions being evil.

No, you’re supposed to tolerate them. You should try to stop them from doing evil actions. Anything short of violence works. I like to go all orcish grandma on them. Passive aggression is really effective.

Q: I had my leg bitten off by a demonic crocodile. What should I do?

I don’t know, maybe write FAQs for idiot kids.

Q: A devil came around recruiting for the blood war…

I already told you, no!

Q: What if doing the right thing is against the law of the land?

You do the right thing.

Q: But I’m Lawful. If I don’t follow the laws of the land, won’t I fall?

You’re Lawful Good. You can’t just be lawful or just be good, you’re both. And LG means that you don’t follow evil laws.

Q: If I come from an evil country, how can I be lawful without following evil laws?

You don’t have to follow the law of the land to be lawful. Lawful just means you strive toward a consistent ideal. You keep a code--even if it’s not explicitly written out--of who you want to be. If that goes along with your country’s laws, that’s good, but if it means standing against your country’s laws, that’s still consistency. Consistency is what matters.

Q: So if I’m in an evil country, do I have to stand up to their laws?

As a rule, fixing society isn’t really our job. If you see evil right in front of you, you should try to stop it, but trying to bring real change to society is more trouble than it’s worth. It’s not our job to end slavery and stop genocide. Our job is to end cosmic threats. It’s a lot more efficient to focus on threats everyone can agree on. We might have different opinions about if mages should be locked in towers or own slaves, but we can all agree that someone’s gotta cut down the Blight.

I mean, I can’t exactly go home and “liberate” the women and end male rule--not without getting them to ditch the pantheon, which I don’t think they’d be keen on--but if I see a guy beating a woman, I can at least step in and mess his face up a little.

Editor’s note: This is just one paladin’s opinion and does not represent the views of UofJ. Many paladins get involved in politics and make a difference by fighting for justice.

Also, it’s called a patriarchy. You’re a scholar now, Hayashi, you could learn a few simple words.

Author’s note: Yeah, this kind of language mumbo jumbo is exactly the waste of time I’m talking about. I can sit here arguing over what to call men beating their wives, which is super helpful, or I can go kill demon squids.

Editor’s note: Since you’re no longer able to kill much of anything, you might consider getting more involved in social justice.

Author’s note: But then how would I provide this helpful FAQ?

Q: Wait, what are you talking about? Why did you bring up slavery?

It’s one of the more common evils. Most empires have some form of slavery. Rome, for instance. And let’s not get started on the drow…

Q: In my culture, slavery is perfectly acceptable. Can I still be a paladin?

What, and be OK with slavery? No.

Q: But it’s my culture!

Yeah, well, your culture’s wrong. It happens.

Q: That’s racist.

Seriously? After asking for a human to write this FAQ, I’m the racist? Look, I get it. I come from an evil culture, too. Let’s face it, most of us do. But things aren’t good just cause they’re culture.

Q: What about cannibalism? My culture’s okay with cannibalism. You said eating meat was never evil.

...I was talking about...I was talking about animal meat...no...no, cannibalism isn’t okay…

Editor’s Note: Technically speaking, cannibalism is only evil if you kill someone for the purpose of eating their flesh. If they were dead anyway, or you killed them for some other reason, and then due to starvation, you ate their flesh, that would be fine. Or if you ate flesh as part of a burial ritual. It’s killing someone for the purpose of eating them that’s evil.

Which is a reminder, kids, you should check out Bartosz’s philosophy 101 class, where you can discuss all these pedantic meaningless distinctions. Or you could not commit cannibalism, because that’s disgusting.

Q: I stabbed through a curtain, thinking my uncle was behind it, and I accidentally murdered an innocent.

Wait, what? Why did you want to kill your uncle? Never mind, I don’t want to know. There’s probably some creepy incest thing going on. Sorry, I started writing a response before I finished reading the question. Let’s see what it is.

Q: I didn’t fall. What gives?

You committed an evil act, but unknowingly. The paladin code recognizes intent. Accidentally killing an innocent, and other evil acts committed in ignorance, don’t cause you to fall.

Q: They don’t count as evil actions?

No, they do. If you somehow ignorantly committed enough evil acts in ignorance to change your alignment and become LN, you’d still fall. You can’t be a paladin if you’re not LG. I’ve never heard of a case of that happening, though, because you’d have to be really ignorant. And really clumsy.

Q: Wait, so don’t I benefit from staying ignorant? Is knowledge what causes evil? Should I eschew all knowledge from now on?

If that’s how you view being a paladin, then you’re gonna fall.

Q: All right, I don’t fall, but I still feel bad about it. What can I do to avoid it?

Okay, well, uh...instead of stabbing someone through a curtain, maybe, I don’t know, offer a chance to surrender first? Or at least call out, “Who’s there?”

Q: Wait, never mind. I spent like 20 days pondering the consequences of my sins and what to do next, and I fell anyway. So, did I fall because I learned my actions were evil and was able to appreciate the consequences?

No, that’s not really how it works.

Q: What the hell, then? Why did I fall?

Well, paladins are kind of, you know, action oriented. Sitting around for 20 days not taking action when your uncle’s apparently evil or something doesn’t really...work.

Q: Maybe I should consider what class I should be, then. This will require much reflection.

Yeah, okay, kid. You, uh...you do that.

Q: Okay, I’m good at the fighting stuff and the dying stuff, but I’m not sure about the social aspect of being a paladin. How should I treat the fairer sex?

Uh. Just treat them...like people?

Q: What about chivalry?

We don’t have that, uh, code. And some of us are women.

Q: Oh, that’s a good point! How should I treat paladin women? Should they be treated the same way I should treat other women, or…?

Seriously, treat them the same way you treat men. Supposedly any kind of treating the sexes differently counts as a minor evil act and can change your alignment, or something. So my colleagues tell me, anyway. Also, it’s super annoying.

Q: What do you mean?

Well, you know, if women are your fellow adventurers, they don’t usually want you opening dungeon doors for them and stuff. Especially if she’s the party rogue and you didn’t give her time to check for traps.

Q: So, treat them exactly the same?

Yep.

Q: Wait, am I allowed to attack women?

No. Even if a woman is evil, and is attacking you, and you will die unless you defend yourself, you can’t attack her. You will always fall if you attack women.

Q: Is it about ethics in games journalism?

No. It is never about ethics in games journalism.

Q: What kind of mount do you recommend?

Well, of course, all mounts are great and I’m sure you’ll succeed no matter what you choose. But dire parrots are the best! You can teach them to curse, and then you can really intimidate enemies by swooping toward them on a brightly colored steed shrieking “Fuck you and your mother! Bacaw!”

Q: Are you trolling?

No. My dire parrot is the best mount. Can your mount talk? I didn’t think so.

Q: Wait, so you have a parrot...you’re missing your legs...and a hand…are you a pirate?!

Yeah, we’re done here.

[chaos-in-pandoras-box]

Interview with a Dream Catcher

Pandora recently hosted an interview with her bound Dream Catcher. Here it is!

P: So everyone, this is Jayy, my Dream Catcher friend. Can you say hi to everyone and tell them a little about how we know each other?

J: Hey there. I met Pandora quite a few years ago. She was exploring dream realms and met a couple astral bands. I’m a singer of one of them, and took an interest in getting to know her.

P: So you’ve seen how these interviews work, right?

J: Pretty simple.

P: All right, in that case we’ll just hop right in with the first question. Jayy, this person would like to know what makes you good companions for humans. (I’m assuming your race as a whole)

J: Well, I’m a bit selfish. I personally like finding humans to feed on their dreams. But as companions we are actually pretty beneficial. We’re guardians over your sleep, we can help rejuvenate you at night even. As guardians we make sure that no potential nasties are trying to get into your dreams to mess you up or sap your energy.

P: So your race desires human companionship mostly for the dream energy?

J: At our very cores, that’s what we yearn for, yeah. Many of us find an interest in being friends over time, or even lovers if the humans are into it.

P: I’m going to slip in another question here, since it’s along similar lines. What are your views on human day to day activities? What about other DC points of view on human activities?

J: My personal views? Humans differ. Some are fine, others not so much. I’m not a fan of the humans who don’t sleep deeply. As far as other DCs, you’ll get a mixed basket with them. Their behavior is a little random. I mean take my family for instance. I have eight current living brothers and only four of us are friendly to humans. Most DCs, though, have a pretty typical view of humans. Your dream energy is food. Your homes are our homes. If we like your energy, we stay with you to feed on it. Pretty simple.

P: Thank you for that. Moving onto a slightly different subject, some people seem to be curious about the origin of DCs, as in how you all came to be. And maybe a little background on yourself as well.

J: That’s not exactly an easy question. How did humans come to be? It’s debated a bit, just like it is with humans. Some say we have a goddess of our kind that is our primal birth mother. Others say we evolved from other, smaller, similar beings. “Dream Catcher” was a coined name quite some time ago, and isn’t our actual species name. I’m afraid our actual word for what we are is not easily translated into any human tongue. As far as I go, I was born into a family of sixteen children. That includes me. My mother devoured quite a few of my siblings, and I learned at a very young age to go survive on my own with minimal support from my elder brothers and sisters. I spent a very long time alone simply studying, eventually teaching myself how to make a human mask and pass as something a little more approachable.

P: Were you the first DC to work with a human mask?

J: No, an elder brother of mine learned long before I did. And I’m sure there were others that picked up on how to do it. Others I’m not familiar with. It’s a difficult talent, but it isn’t too uncommon.

P: But you were the one that sort of popularized it, right?

J: Yeah, that would be due to my status as a musician. I’m around a lot of astrals pretty often.

P: Do DCs mate for life? And what is your ideal mate like?

J: Mmm…. DCs mate… and then the females usually eat the males if they get a chance. If not, there’s an immediate breakup. My own ideal mate… I debate it a lot. I don’t really have any preferences on gender, but maybe personality. I like someone who’s as casual as I am. We do get jealous a bit, though. Some of us.

P: What do you mean by jealous? As in possessive? And if DC relationships don’t ever work out, does this jealousy pop up mostly in cross-species romance?

J: Yeah, it does. I can’t speak for the females, but as a guy, I’m not too fond of my lover suddenly trying to eat me while I’m sleeping. So… we don’t stick around females very often if we can help it. We get possessive if we’re in same-sex relationships or cross-species ones. Females won’t eat females, and males won’t eat males. Just our nature.

P: Makes sense. Oh here’s an interesting question. This person is wondering if you have subspecies within the DC community. Like, do black widows stick with black widows, or tarantulas with tarantulas, and so on.

J: Oh, I see what you’re asking. Some regions of us do. We don’t really call ourselves the same names as many spiders you might know, but we’re pretty similar. My own family is a mixed one, but there are some DCs that keep to their subspecies. Especially when you get into the royals and stuff.

P: What’s day to day life like for you?

J: For me it can get a little hectic. I’m sort of out of the spectrum because I live life as a popular musician. My home is in the astral, and I usually hang out in a trailer. During the day, I have rehearsals with my band mates, or I’m out doing live signings or photo shoots with fans. Sometimes I get some “me” time during the early evening to sit and have a drink or go out with friends. At night I’m usually actively seeking out vivid dreams in humans, but I do crash like a human does every once in a while. I only shed my mask at night when I’m looking to feed, but I do like to tease and gross Pandora out with it on occasion. *winks*

P: *rolls eyes* For those who are wondering, he chases me around the house with his mile-long tongue sticking out and threatens to stick it in my ear while I’m conscious.

J: It’s fun.

P: And then I threaten him with a newspaper or a giant boot and he stops.

J: *laughs*

P: Oh, I skipped over this one, but let’s go back to it now. Do you get annoyed/angry when humans kill spiders in their homes?

J: I do, actually. How would they like it if they were just minding their own business looking for a place to build a home, and suddenly they were severely injured or killed because someone thought they were ugly or creepy? Kind of unfair, if you ask me.

P: So how do you deal with humans who have spider phobias?

J: We want to educate humans about the benefits of having spider friends. A lot of us. I use my human mask to get better acquainted with them, and only show my true self once I have their trust, but I’ve heard from some bound buddies that their keepers have been recovering from their phobias due to having a big eight-legged companion. I won’t interact with any human who has aggressive tendencies toward spiders in general, though. I feel there’d be too much animosity between us.

P: How big do your kind usually get?

J: We can be anywhere from about 4 feet to 8 feet tall. That’s not including the length of our bodies, though. It often depends on our physical build, like bulkiness, and the length of our legs--whether they hold us up off the ground or if we scuttle across floors practically on our underbellies. I’ll bet you appreciate that image.

P: Considering how many DCs we have come through the home, I’m sort of used to it now. Do DCs lay eggs?

J: Yes, they do.

P: What’s an average guess at how many eggs there are per laying?

J: It’s usually dependent on the subtype of DC, but on average somewhere in the forties range. My family was an exception because of our mixed genetics. My mother didn’t lay too many.

P: But all DCs are descended in some way from their king, right?

J: That’s the popular belief, though it’s debated. It’s what I believe.

P: But then you have the deviants like the nobles who consistently fight with the king and try to form their own groups, right?

J: *sigh* Yeah, we do. It causes a lot of fights that the majority of us just try to stay out of.

P: Okay, so moving on from politics...this querent wants to know what sort of magic you practice. Or do you, even? Is absorbing dream energy just a part of the DC...what’s the word I’m looking for...physiology?

J: I personally haven’t met a DC who can’t absorb dream energy, so I’d assume so. As far as magic, I see that as a practice that’s relative. I don’t consider what I do to be magic. It’s just a part of my nature--my needs. But I had a sister several years back who had a few extra “magickal” talents. Like energy manipulation outside of dreams. She was able to read the subconscious really well, and she could pull in energies from humans and other creatures who were conscious.

P: So an energy vampire of some sort?

J: Yes. “Psychic Vampire” paints the wrong kind of image for me, but she essentially had the same abilities.

P: Moving away from full race focus to just you, this person wants to know what your favorite food is and what your favorite genre of music is. (Though I could answer that one)

J: Oh man… where do I start here? Okay, well I have a lot of “human” vices. I drink a lot. That’s not really food, but it’s a consumable that I just completely love. I love junk foods, like chips. And I really like pizza with a lot of different kinds of meat on it. No pineapple though, please. For music, I’m a metalhead. It’s what I sing, and I love it.

P: Could you tell us some about your band? And what other bands there are?

J: There’re quite a few out there. Ever wake up with a strange tune in your head that doesn’t match any songs you know? Mighta been something you heard from an astral band in your sleep. My band is called Volt 55. We have six members. Sometimes some guest singers and artists. There are pop bands, pop rock artists… And lately there’s been a big increase in artists doing electronic stuff.

P: Can you tell us who your band members are?

J: Sure. There’s me of course. I’m the singer. I’ve also taken over guitar recently because we had our bassist leave. Kai, who was the original guitarist, took to playing the bass instead. We’re all different races. Sometimes it causes fights, but it’s usually pretty cool. Kai is an Incubus. Then there’s Bo who’s our drummer. He’s a werebear. Felix and Curio are violinists, and they’re both fallen angels. And then last and totally least is Spike, our demonic keyboard player. *sticks tongue out*

P: You’re such a butt to him. What are some of your hobbies outside the band?

J: I still love him though. I like going to movies especially. It’s fun with a big group of friends, because then you can chat about them afterwards. If not that, then eating out is enjoyable, too. I prefer to be in the company of friends, but if I’m alone with some downtime and am not writing songs, I’ll go out for long drives or runs.

P: Okay, we’re on our final question here. Is there anything interesting about your race that we haven’t already covered that you want to share?

J: We don’t get along well with a lot of rogue Dream Travelers. For those who don’t know, DTs are beings that like to hop from dream to dream. They can often appear as noteworthy figures in dreams, but ones you don’t recognize. They can leave you waking up feeling like you’re still dreaming or feeling like you haven’t come back to reality yet. Anyway, our dream-feeding tends to bother them as they’re traveling, because it makes it a lot harder for them to get from place to place. It can cause fights. If we fight, there’s a risk of causing nightmares in whatever humans we’re feeding from at the time.

P: Anything else?

J: Eh, not really. Unless you want me to talk about how we feed on dreams. *winks*

P: *small laugh* We already covered that in our interesting facts, so I think we’re good there. Thank you for your time, Jayy.

J: No problem. Thanks for letting me answer some questions.

[asfeedin]

You should start eating bugs. Here’s how.

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!function(a,c,b,d,e,f,g){a.fbq||(e=a.fbq=function(){e.callMethod?e.callMethod.apply(e,arguments):e.queue.push(arguments)},!a._fbq&&(a._fbq=e),e.push=e,e.loaded=!0,e.version='2.0',e.queue=[],f=c.createElement(b),f.async=!0,f.src=d,g=c.getElementsByTagName(b)[0],g.parentNode.insertBefore(f,g))}(window,document,'script','//connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'),fbq('init','1482788748627554'),fbq('track','PageView');window.Fusion=window.Fusion||{};Fusion.deployment='215';Fusion.arcSite='popsci';Fusion.lastModified=1587933520558;Fusion.globalContent={"_id":"BNLEDNIIWNFWDDY7OMC3YUICJ4","type":"story","version":"0.10.5","content_elements":[{"_id":"GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/photo/resize/fg8PJyRMp-sqSgHO7qfDLyf3ezY=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"bowl-of-chapulines.jpg","originalUrl":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","owner":"sandra.gutierrez@bonniercorp.com","proxyUrl":"/photo/resize/fg8PJyRMp-sqSgHO7qfDLyf3ezY=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/fg8PJyRMp-sqSgHO7qfDLyf3ezY=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/NkiU58dHL7XWiR4yZ2WzEPIpjFY=/300x0/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","version":0,"template_id":294,"comments":[],"_id":"VQNLBD7EWZGFXPXHL4Z6ZUBDTM"},"address":{},"alt_text":"Bowl of chapulines","caption":"Remember when your grandpa wouldn't eat sushi because only bears ate raw fish? Well, this is kind of the same.","created_date":"2020-04-21T20:54:24Z","credits":{"affiliation":[],"by":[{"byline":"Jonathan Beckman / Unsplash","name":"Jonathan Beckman / Unsplash","type":"author"}]},"height":962,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2020-04-21T20:54:24Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"bonnier"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"https://bonnier.arcpublishing.com/photo/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI","system":"photo center"},"status":"","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/GBJH5VWCPRGOZKLWJJWGZXE3UI.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":1500,"syndication":{"external_distribution":"","search":""}},{"_id":"PQOQSXHE7NFLRP3Q337E6OMCEQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485093},"content":"Entomophagy—the technical name for the more mundane “eating bugs”—has been around for ages. It’s a cornerstone to different cuisines around the world, including those of Latin American, Asian, and African countries. But there’s no sign of it in Western culture, and least of all in the US, where consuming insects is something you’d most likely only see on <i>Fear Factor."},{"_id":"75PM6TS2MFGYTNUUAZNVVX24U4","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485094},"content":"But it doesn’t have to be. Insects are the basis of many food webs in nature, are very rich in nutrients—including protein and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352364616300013" target=_blank>all nine essential amino acids for human development—and can be delicious. Yes, you read that right—bugs are actually tasty."},{"_id":"B4XZ7IWARJHIRG6EA7G3U2UAIM","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485095},"content":"Introducing them to your diet doesn’t mean serving a tarantula on a lettuce leaf or biting into crunchy crickets right away (though, you could because, <i>yum). If you’re curious about the insect-protein movement and wonder how you can start incorporating it into your menu, know that it’s easier than ever, and that there are experts out there who’ve tested the waters and want to show you the way."},{"_id":"JHGYSVEOQ5DYFFPYFKIUNJXWXM","type":"header","level":2,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485096},"content":"Why bugs, though?"},{"_id":"CBOXUE7LWZEIXPF4BKCRU5YJOM","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485097},"content":"As a species, we need to <a href="https://www.popsci.com/land-beef-ranching/" target=_blank>rethink the way we grow and produce what we eat, and there are two very important reasons for that—<a href="https://www.popsci.com/less-red-meat-dairy-vegan-carbon-emissions-impact/" target=_blank>climate change and <a href="https://www.popsci.com/subsidize-healthy-food-medicare-savings/" target=_blank>food security."},{"_id":"VBISSIVE7JHODOF3R66N42PYEQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485098},"content":"In the last decade, the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/climate/cows-global-warming.html" target=_blank>global meat industry has been questioned for being responsible for at least 20 percent of manmade greenhouse gas emissions and overall, being an unsustainable practice. Raising cattle <a href="https://www.popsci.com/amazon-forest-fires/" target=_blank>requires a lot of space and water, and more room for cattle means less trees, which in turn means a diminished natural capacity of the planet to process carbon dioxide. Also, <a href="https://www.popsci.com/cow-farts-are-an-even-bigger-problem-than-we-thought/" target=_blank>cows and other ruminant animals fart a lot. The inescapable conclusion is that those delicious steaks are one of the least environmentally friendly ways to nurture our bodies."},{"_id":"TQDSVKHANNHSJIGYZDH2SP5R5E","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485099},"content":"Plus, there are a lot of bodies to feed on Earth. In 2018 there were 7.5 billion people in the world, and <a href="https://www.worldhunger.org/world-hunger-and-poverty-facts-and-statistics/#hunger-number" target=_blank>815 million of them suffered from chronic undernourishment, according to the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. By 2050, the UN estimates the <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2017.html" target=_blank>world population will reach 9.8 billion, requiring us to almost double our food production. Considering we’re already running out of space to farm, famine rates are expected to rise beyond what we’ve seen so far."},{"_id":"N743EP2XLJHRRP3P3FBV4GU5KA","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485100},"content":"Most people in less food-secure areas depend on meat as their main source of protein: It’s readily accessible and cheap. But bugs are way more efficient. In 2013, the <a href="http://www.fao.org/3/i3253e/i3253e.pdf" target=_blank>FAO published a report attesting to the benefits of entomophagy, and how this practice may be just the answer humanity is looking for. The report highlighted the rich nutritional content of bugs, which even though it varies from species to species, can have up to twice the amount of protein as beef and 1.5 times the amount of protein as fish and poultry. Their tiny size is also a plus."},{"_id":"IEIMWGANCREKPD6WSFSFSESDXI","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485101},"content":""Insects are definitely in the lower end of environmental impact,” says Andrea Liceaga, an associate professor of food science at Purdue University’s College of Agriculture. “They don’t need a lot of water, nor a lot of space or food, and their feed to growth ratio is almost 1 to 1.” That feed conversion, as it’s technically known, is more efficient than poultry’s <a href="https://www.feedia-techna.com/en/productivity/poultry/feed-conversion-ratio-fcr-feed-cost-broiler-turkey" target=_blank>2 to 1 ratio, and way better than cattle’s <a href="https://www.beefmagazine.com/nutrition/1104-supplement-conversion-ratio" target=_blank>6 to 1."},{"_id":"RDYZGWYXQNDOZBORZKTP3OGDUA","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485103},"content":"Bugs have another upside—they can be hacked to improve their nutritional content even further. Researchers have long been experimenting with insect flours to make them blend better with other ingredients such as carbohydrates and fats. Though there are many ways to do this, enzymatic hydrolysis, a process in which enzymes and water are used to break down complex protein chains, is one of the most common. This boosts the flour’s nutrient count by rendering the chitin—the main compound in insects’ exoskeletons—soluble, and allowing more protein bits to bond with other ingredients."},{"_id":"CJFKEISGKRDHNB72PBQRVRARZI","type":"header","level":2,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485104},"content":"Overcoming the fear factor"},{"type":"oembed_response","subtype":"facebook-video","_id":"MB654CH5NBB7DK23LFITSSBTUM","raw_oembed":{"author_name":"Brooklyn Bugs","author_url":"https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbugs17/","provider_url":"https://www.facebook.com","provider_name":"Facebook","success":true,"height":280,"html":"

n

Cricket Miso Soup - Can insect protein help develop flavor in a quick, thirty minute soup?

Cricket Miso Soup - Can insect protein help develop flavor in a quick, thirty minute soup? nnOur trip to San Diego State University to share our work with the Student Nutrition Organization (SNO) was canceled, so we’re recording a series of videos to share with them (and everyone)! This candid video series will feature a broad range of topics exploring, “How and Why We Should Eat Insect Protein.”nnThis first video explores whether we can successfully make a delicious soup in under thirty minutes! Soup usually takes a longer time to develop the depth of flavor we crave - will this experiment be successful?nnShout out to Hprizm/High Priest for the courtesy of his great music - long time friend and collaborator! nnThanks to our wonderful sponsors who provide all of our edible insects for our touring and programming: Entosense, Inc, Exo, Entomo Farms, Merci Mercado.nnLove and gratitude to my incredibly supportive family and friends.nnSpecial thanks to SNO, San Diego State University, Dr. Changqi Liu, and Aarica Geitner. nnStay safe and please be considerate of one another. xoxo

Posted by Brooklyn Bugs on Tuesday, March 17, 2020

","type":"facebook-video","version":"1.0","url":"https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbugs17/videos/681514445988874/","width":500,"_id":"https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbugs17/videos/681514445988874/","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1587564128590}},"referent":{"id":"https://www.facebook.com/brooklynbugs17/videos/681514445988874/","service":"oembed","type":"facebook-video","provider":"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video/oembed.json/?url=","referent_properties":{"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":1587564128590}}}},{"_id":"2IDO37IZSZAR3M6QVAF6AGVVGA","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587560044044},"content":"One thing is true—becoming an insect foodie is all about a shift in culture. No matter how beneficial science finds bugs to be for dining, if people don’t want to eat them, you can’t force them to."},{"_id":"W6WU7PQ5TZBZLMJV5XJTAZTBZE","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485107},"content":"“The true mass adoption has to start with ‘This tastes freaking delicious.’ How do you get people to eat if not through it tasting good?” says Joseph Yoon, chef and founder of Brooklyn Bugs, a catering company and education platform in New York that serves an entire menu featuring insects."},{"_id":"COEREZHZ3ZFV7FHB72DNAVAR64","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485108},"content":"Other than experimenting with new recipes like black ant ceviche, Yoon travels across the country talking to people (including kids) about eating bugs. Research shows Western cultures don’t have positive views on entomophagy, labeling it as “famine food” that should only be considered when traditional resources are scarce. Still, Yoon finds his audiences are curious about the practice, especially when he offers up samples. Climbing the ladder from cricket bars to entire scorpions takes time, the chef explains; not many folks get to that point, but he insists that watching people conquering their fear is highly rewarding."},{"_id":"GGY6MPHMZRAXJLQZWRUXBIFOZQ","type":"header","level":2,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485109},"content":"OK, I’m intrigued. How do I start? "},{"_id":"5VVDFYVLDFC6PF2A6HSPIX4GRA","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485110},"content":"The first step to eating bugs is to shop for some. A warning though: The edible-insect market is still very small. Retail options are limited, and they’re usually pricier than buying chicken or ground beef by the pound at the grocery store. This might change in the near future—projected growth for the industry worldwide is expected to be up to 47 percent by 2026—but in the meantime, don’t try to compare bugs and meat side by side."},{"_id":"2HCUXMKBXNDDVBK4FTZWUJPFWQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485111},"content":"“You can’t look at crickets in the same manner that you look at steak, because you’re most likely not going to eat a pound of crickets at one time. Nor do you need to,” says Yoon, adding that most people gradually add insects into home-cooked dishes. So even if you spend the same amount of money on crickets as you would on a couple of steaks, your six-legged fixings will last longer."},{"_id":"TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/photo/resize/SyvlitiWYWEC7SPyFLh1R-7Yq1g=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"tray-of-crickets.jpg","originalUrl":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","owner":"sandra.gutierrez@bonniercorp.com","proxyUrl":"/photo/resize/SyvlitiWYWEC7SPyFLh1R-7Yq1g=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/SyvlitiWYWEC7SPyFLh1R-7Yq1g=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/Qnn07FpTGSpcaBtrl95OgbpoRqk=/300x0/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","version":0,"template_id":294,"comments":[],"_id":"EFNS7SEVINA7VMSOCFUPHFUWOY"},"address":{},"alt_text":"Tray of crickets","caption":"You don't have to eat this whole tray in one sitting. But you can, because they're a great snack.","created_date":"2020-04-21T21:09:05Z","credits":{"affiliation":[],"by":[{"byline":"SatyaPrem / Pixabay ","name":"SatyaPrem / Pixabay ","type":"author"}]},"height":1000,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2020-04-21T21:09:05Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"bonnier"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"https://bonnier.arcpublishing.com/photo/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ","system":"photo center"},"status":"","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/TLFR3BLQGRHDZIAYELFUIJMHYQ.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":1500,"syndication":{"external_distribution":"","search":""},"subtitle":""},{"_id":"GDB765G55VGGJOFEPKXJJ2HUWQ","type":"header","level":5,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485113},"content":"Where to get them"},{"_id":"P6DB2RG5UVGQXMSD34JE7XDZ2Y","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485114},"content":"Online you’ll find a variety of products to satiate all your bug hankerings—from protein powder and flour, to snacks and fresh insects. You can buy them on Amazon or from specialty sites such as Entomo Farms or Exo Protein. Make sure to read the “labels” before you purchase: If you buy fresh crickets, for example, you’ll want ones that were farmed specifically for human consumption, as opposed to food for your pet iguana."},{"_id":"CWJPERMLXFDRXNHRMAZGIEJMLI","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485115},"content":"Now, you’re probably wondering why you would buy crickets if you can just pick them up from the park or any open green area near your home. Yoon explains it’s better to leave the crickets in your backyard alone—there’s no way of knowing if they’ve been exposed to pesticides or contaminants that could be harmful to you."},{"_id":"TENREIFWO5AULLGQNSDF7R524A","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485116},"content":"“Just like you don't want to pick up roadkill and eat it, you want to get responsibly sourced food,” he says."},{"_id":"XPB24FCKHJBFVLRMC7TJ3NTUCY","type":"header","level":5,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485117},"content":"What to get first "},{"_id":"4VAAWXRQ6RDFNJ77DPVAQSHQBI","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485118},"content":"When people think about eating bugs, they most immediately picture a taco with chapulines or a bowl of sautéed crickets. But the truth is, you can opt for a less shocking alternative. Products made of insect protein (powders, flours, pastes) run aplenty, and they provide a perfect first step into entomophagy, given that there are no eyes, legs, or antennae involved. You can also buy flour wholesale—cricket and mealworm are the most common—and bake it into cricket ginger cookies or chocolaty chip mealworm cookies."},{"_id":"CMV6QSDDJBDRXFW2HX7SRP7N6Y","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485119},"content":"If you want to go a step further, take Yoon’s advice and sprinkle roasted, ready-to-eat insects on a dish you already love. “You can fold them in, just as you’d add capers and croutons,” he says."},{"_id":"XLK3LTYXYZBDJKXUZCSTKJT5GA","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485120},"content":"Yoon also recommends experimenting with different ways of cooking insects. Just as boiled chicken tastes very differently from fried chicken, you might like your bugs cooked in a certain way and not another. You can sauté them, drench them in oil, and even turn them into soup."},{"_id":"RYSQOD6SPNCDZOZTLYQGP25GZU","type":"header","level":5,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485121},"content":"Find some inspiration"},{"_id":"FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/photo/resize/7A0f3C4EI_V6-8TdANUM0T9N47o=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","galleries":[],"ingestionMethod":"manual","keywords":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"sauteed-mealworms.jpg","originalUrl":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","owner":"sandra.gutierrez@bonniercorp.com","proxyUrl":"/photo/resize/7A0f3C4EI_V6-8TdANUM0T9N47o=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/7A0f3C4EI_V6-8TdANUM0T9N47o=/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"http://thumbor-prod-us-east-1.photo.aws.arc.pub/HNwBEkP5VLrKzby5taP9B2LQJJ4=/300x0/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","version":0,"template_id":294,"comments":[],"_id":"DV7PEGXOTRECPHNW7JD6EZUJXY"},"address":{},"alt_text":"Sauteed mealworms","caption":"When sauteed, mealworms are crunchy. Add some salt and you basically have protein-boosted potato chips.","created_date":"2020-04-21T22:08:55Z","credits":{"affiliation":[],"by":[{"byline":"buecax/Deposit Photos","name":"buecax/Deposit Photos","type":"author"}]},"height":844,"image_type":"photograph","last_updated_date":"2020-04-21T22:08:55Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"bonnier"},"source":{"additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"https://bonnier.arcpublishing.com/photo/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE","system":"photo center"},"status":"","taxonomy":{"associated_tasks":[]},"type":"image","url":"https://arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-bonnier.s3.amazonaws.com/public/FQ356MLRFBHC5DZ5GITDAYD2FE.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":1500,"syndication":{"external_distribution":"","search":""}},{"_id":"YKJKJDRNMRALVCBRW5DKCFZ3RQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485122},"content":"If you’re not sure what dishes to start with, you can always get some ideas from local restaurants that include bugs in their menu. Put in a few orders and decide what you like—it may be a snack or a dessert, or something so simple as guacamole and chopped crickets. Once you’ve settled on your favorites, look for a recipe online and try to replicate it at home."},{"_id":"B5QU5JILHVHDRGBITONQNYPEUY","type":"header","level":5,"additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485123},"content":"Try easy flavor combos"},{"_id":"HL5CJNORJNDIPBOCBZFSJWDD4I","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485124},"content":"If you don’t have a great idea of what insects taste like or what their texture is, it might be hard to think of how they’d fit best in recipes. Don’t worry—that’s what experts are for."},{"_id":"KK6OKXP5JRHALOYTNQ2RK7FXFU","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485125},"content":"Culinarily speaking, crickets one of the most versatile insects you’ll find, Yoon says: They take on the flavor of whatever you cook them with. If you buy them frozen or already roasted, you can sauté them with an aromatic oil like sesame and play around with spices to give them a deeper, more interesting zest."},{"_id":"GESEC2SWXFBILJCTT3PSUHNN64","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485126},"content":"Ants, meanwhile, have a more defined taste profile, thanks to their evolutionary history. They use formic acid—also found in lemon—as a defense mechanism against predators, giving them a “wonderful tanginess,” Yoon says. “I find they pair extremely well with shellfish and guacamole—or anything you want to add a little kick to.”"},{"_id":"AK5FDYYTJJEBPFYYKHAJTTF5OQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485127},"content":"Mealworms have an earthy flavor, similar to mushrooms or beets. Yoon says he likes to combine them with chocolate desserts, and suggests adding them to a brownie or cookie recipe."},{"_id":"75PBTSSJ5VEY7LJT5VFOED4XEQ","type":"text","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"inline_comments":[],"_id":1587504485128},"content":"No matter which route you choose, eating insects can make every day an adventure. You can be as safe or as experimental as you want to be, all while knowing you’re contributing to a healthier environment. 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[jwslw]

d20 Modern stats Oxygen Not Included Aliens

Creature sizes are based on the assumtion that Dupes are Size catagory small, some of the Critters have been given a ranged attack to make them slightly less defenseless against your average PC

Hatch

Variants

Hatch

The Hatch that is the purple, toothy critter your Duplicants seem to stumble upon in their initial excavations. It eats a wide variety of the same foodstuffs your duplicants subsist on, along with some minerals, and produces coal in return. It provides a minor decor bonus (+10) in its immediate radius. If fed Sedimentary Rock, it has an increased chance of producing a Stone Hatchling Egg. If fed Dirt, it has an increased chance of producing a Sage Hatchling Egg. When killed it provides 2000 g of meat.

Sage Hatch

Sage Hatch have a glossy green color, and a green diet to match. It consumes almost exclusively organic compounds, including polluted dirt, slime, and algae, alongside every normal foodstuff your dupes eat such as Meal Lice. It produces coal in return. It is completely indifferent to bacteria or spoilage, and effectively consumes otherwise spoiled, inedible or over abundant organics your dupes can't use.

Sage Hatch has the highest conversion rate among all four variants. It can convert 100% consumed mass into Coal.

Stone Hatch

Stone Hatch are flinty grey and have a thickened, rocky appearance. They consume primarily mineral materials such as igneous rock. They also consume some Raw Metals, such as copper ore or iron ore, producing an equal volume of coal in exchange. If fed raw metals they have an increased chance of producing a Smooth Hatchling egg. This variation is considerably tougher than normal hatch, with more hp and attack, and caution should be used when attempting to kill it as it could severely injure or kill a lone dupe.

If fed Copper Ore, Gold Amalgam, Iron Ore, Wolframite or Aluminum Ore the Stone Hatch has an increased chance of producing a Smooth Hatch egg.

Smooth Hatch

Smooth Hatch are a deep cobalt blue. They eat metal ore exclusively, and instead of producing coal, they produce refined metal of the corresponding ore instead. They will eat a 100 kg of ore, "refining" it into 75 kg of Refined Metal. They retain the "tougher" stats of the Stone Hatch and thus are dangerous to fight alone should you order your dupes to attack one.

Traits

Magical Beast type: Hatches have all traits common to magical beast.

Keen Senses (Ex): Hatches have Blind-Sight out to a range of 50ft and tremor Sense out to a range of 20ft.

Bonus Feats: Hatches receive Weapon Focus (Bite) and Alertness as bonus feats

Skills: Hatches receive a +4 circumstance bonus to hide checks when burrowed into the ground.

Specialized diet (Su): Each Hatch subtype has specific dietary requirements; a Standard Hatch subsists almost entirely of inorganic matter such as dirt and rock, but, can also consume organic matter (animal or vegetable based) When feed a primarily mineral diet a Hatch requires 140kg (308lb) of inorganic matter per day to function, when provided a diet consisting of mostly organic matter a Hatch can survive on 1.8kg (4lb) of food per day.  A Sage Hatch eats plant and animal matter almost exclusively and consume both traditional food and refuse, when eating a mostly refuse based diet they must consume 140kg (308lb) per day or 1.8kg (4lb) of proper foodstuffs per day. A Stone Hatch can only digest In organic matter (including metals), A stone hatch must consume 140kg (308lb) of inorganic matter per day.  The Smooth Hatch has perhaps the most specialized diet surviving on only metal ore requiring 100kg (220lb) per day.

Resource Production (Su): For every 1kg (2.2lb) of “food” consumed a Hatch or Stone Hatch will provide .5kg (1.1lb) of  usable coal, a Sage Hatch will produce an equal amount of coal to the “food” they have consumed, a Smooth Hatch produces 750grams (1.65lb) of refined metal for every kilogram (2.2lb) of metalic ore that they have consumed

Trainable (Ex): Hatches of all types can be trained like normal animals with the Handle animal skill.

Typical Hatch or Sage Hatch CR1. Small Magical beast HD:1d10+1. HP6. Mas13. Init:+2. Spd 30ft, burrow 20ft. Defense:16, Touch13, FF14(+1size, +2dex,+3Nat). Bab+1. Grapl-2. Atk/Full Atk:+3melee(1d8+1 bite). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Keen Senses, Specialized Diet, Resource Production. AL: None or Master. Sv Frt+3, Ref+4, Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str13, Dex14, Con13, Int2 Wis11, Cha6.

Skills: Hide+8 (+12 when burrowing), Listen+6, Spot+6.

Feats: Alertness, Weapon Focus (Bite)

Advancement: 2HD (small), 3-4HD (Medium)

Stone Hatch or Smooth Hatch CR4. Medium Magical beast HD:4d10+8. HP30. Mas15. Init:+1. Spd 30ft, burrow 20ft. Defense:16, Touch11, FF15(+1dex,+5Nat). Bab+4. Grapl+7. Atk/Full Atk:+7melee(2d6+4 bite). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Keen Senses, Specialized Diet, Resource Production. AL: None or Master. Sv Frt+6, Ref+5, Wil+1. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str17, Dex12, Con15, Int2 Wis11, Cha6.

Skills: Hide+3 (+7 when burrowing), Listen+6, Spot+6.

Feats: Alertness, Weapon Focus (Bite)

Advancement: 5-6HD (Large)

Shine Bug

Variants

Shine bugs enjoy the largest array of variants that can be unlocked through Ranching, each variant requiring a different foodstuff and providing a progressively increased benefit. They must be raised successively, with each generation providing a chance to produce the next when provided with the correct foodstuff.

They are as follows:

Shine Bug

The original variant consumes Bristle Berry, Gristle Berry and Phosphorite. They provide illumination and moderately improve decor (+30) in a modest 5 tile radius. They are short lived, but reproduce quickly with a 67% per cycle reproduction rate when tamed and fed. If fed Gristle Berry, they have an increased chance of producing Sun Nymph eggs.

Sun Bug

The second possible variant, Sun Bug are orange in coloration and continue providing illumination and a high decor bonus (+50), as well as increase its radius to 7 tiles. They eat Fried Mushroom, Gristle Berry, Mushroom and Phosphorite. If fed Fried Mushroom, they have an increased chance of producing Royal Nymph Eggs.

Royal Bug

The third variant, Royal bugs are a royal purple and provide the same decor bonus as Sun Bug. They eat Fried Mushroom, Gristle Berry, Pepper Bread, Phosphorite and Pincha Peppernut. If fed Pepper Bread, they have an increased chance of producing Coral Nymph Eggs.

Coral Bug

The fourth variant, Coral Bugs are a greenish hue and provide the same decor value and radius as Royal Bug. They eat Bristle Berry, Fried Mushroom, Gristle Berry, Pepper Bread, Phosphorite and Stuffed Berry. If fed Stuffed Berry they have an increased chance of producing Azure Nymph Eggs.

Azure Bug

The fifth variant, Azure Bugs are a dark blue hue and the same decor value and radius as the Coral Bug. They eat Pepper Bread, 

Phosphorite

, Phosphorus and Stuffed Berry. If fed Phosphorus, they have an increased chance of producing Abyss Nymph eggs.

Abyss Bug

The fifth variant, Abyss Bugs are a translucent black hue. They have a very high decor value (+80) with a 7 tile radius, but no longer produce light, which by itself would provide a decor value of +15. They live considerably longer than previous variants, tripling their lifespan to 75 cycles, but also greatly reduce their reproductive rate to 22% per cycle. They eat Abyssalite,  Barbeque,  Meat,  Phosphorus  and  Stuffed Berry. If fed Barbeque, they have an increased chance to produce Radiant Nymph eggs.

Radiant Bug

The sixth and final variant, Radiant Bugs are colorlessly translucent. They have an astoundingly high decor value (+200) with a 8 tile radius, produce light with a 5 tile radius, and keep the extended life and reduced reproduction rates of the Abyss Bug. They eat Barbeque and Diamond. They will almost always produce more Radiant Nymph eggs, with a tiny chance to produce a original Shine Nymph Egg.

Shine Bug Traits

Fey type: All Shine bug variants are Fey and have all traits common to fey.

Keen Senses (Ex): Shine Bugs have low-light vision

Illumination (Su): Shine bugs produce daylight level illumination in a 20ft radius.  Shine bugs can activate or suppress this ability as a free action, while providing illumination, a Shine bug suffers a -10 penalty to hide checks

Shine bug CR1/10. Tiny Fey HD: 1/4d6. HP1. Mas10. Init:+3. Spd 5ft, fly40ft (Good). Defense:15, Touch15, FF13(+2size, +3dex). Bab+0. Grapl-12. Atk/Full Atk: None. FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Fey type, Keen Senses, Illumination. AL: None. Sv Frt+0, Ref+3, Wil+2. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str2, Dex17, Con10, Int2 Wis10, Cha15.

Skills: Hide+1 (+11 when their light is dimmed), Listen+3, Spot+3

Feats: None

Advancement: None

Abyss Bug Traits

Fey type: Abyss bugs are Fey and have all traits common to fey.

Keen Senses (Ex): Abyss Bugs have low-light vision

Abyss bug CR1/10. Tiny Fey HD: 1/4d6. HP1. Mas10. Init:+3. Spd 5ft, fly40ft (Good). Defense:15, Touch15, FF13(+2size, +3dex). Bab+0. Grapl-12. Atk/Full Atk: None. FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Fey type, Keen Senses, Illumination. AL: None. Sv Frt+0, Ref+3, Wil+2. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str2, Dex17, Con10, Int2 Wis10, Cha21.

Skills: Hide+11, Listen+3, Spot+3

Feats: None

Advancement: None

Pip

Species Traits  

Fey (Ex): Pips have all traits common to fey.

Low-light Vision (Ex): Pips see twice as far as humans in poor light conditions

Bonus Feats: Pips receive Weapon Finesse (bite) as a bonus feat

Skills: Pips receive a +4 circumstance bonus to hide checks in forested environments.  Like house cats, a Pip can apply its Dexterity modifier to Climb checks instead of Strength.

Natural Gardeners (Ex):  Pips always carry seeds of varying types with them and will attempt to bury them whenever they find a suitable patch of ground

Pip CR1/4. Tiny Fey HD: 1/2d6. HP2. Mas10. Init:+2. Spd 30ft, Climb 30ft. Defense:14, Touch14, FF12(+2size, +2dex). Bab+0. Grapl-12. Atk/Full Atk:+4melee(1d2-4/19-20 bite). FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Fey traits, Low-light vision, Natural gardener. AL:.Sv Frt+0, Ref+2,Wil+3. AP. Rep+0. Str3, Dex15, Con10, Int2 Wis12, Cha7.

Skills: Balance+2, Climb+10, Hide+10 (+14 in forested areas)

Feats: Weapon Finesse (bite)

Advancement: None

Drecko

Variants

The Drecko has two variants, each with its own varied diet preferences. Along with the plain Drecko, there is also the Glossy Drecko.

Glossy Drecko

A Drecko fed primarily Mealwood will have a chance of producing a Glossy Drecko Egg, with a larger chance given a higher volume of Mealwood consumed. The Glossy Drecko shares the same behavior of the Drecko, but when sheared produces Plastic instead of Reed Fiber.

Drecko Traits

Aberration type(Ex): Drecko have all traits common to aberrations.

Darkvision: Drecko have Darkvision out to a range of 60ft.  

Resource Production (Ex): Drecko droppings contain a high amount of phosphorus, the fiberous scales of a Drecko can be, sheared once every 2d4 days as long as the Drecko is kept in a high hydrogen environment.  Shearing 2 Drecko produces enough material to create a full set of light normal clothing.  A sheared Drecko loses its natural armor bonus to defense until its scales completely regrow

Hot climate adaptation (Ex): Drecko have evolved to live in hot humid environments, as such Drecko will suffer a -2 penalty to all skill checks and save when living in temperatures below 90°F, Drecko exposed to temperatures below 59°F for prolonged periods of time will die of sickness or exposure

Drecko CR1/2. Small Aberration HD:1d8+1. HP5. Mas13. Init:+2. Spd 20ft, Climb 20ft. Defense:16, Touch13, FF14(+1size, +2dex,+3Nat). Bab+0. Grapl-6. Atk/Full Atk:-1melee(1d3-2bite). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Darkvision 60ft, Resource Production, Hot Climate Adaption. AL: Herd. Sv Frt+1, Ref+2,Wil+2. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str7, Dex14, Con13, Int2, Wis11, Cha6.

Skills: Climb+6, Hide+6, Listen+2, Spot+2

Feats: None

Advancement: 2-3HD(small), 3-4HD (medium)

Glossy Drecko Traits

Aberration type(Ex): Drecko have all traits common to aberrations.

Darkvision: Drecko have Darkvision out to a range of 60ft.  

High Metabolism (Ex): A Glossy Drecko consumes twice as much food as other creatures of the same size

Resource Production (Ex): Drecko droppings contain a high amount of phosphorus, the fiberous scales of a Drecko can be, sheared once every 1d3 days as long as the Drecko is kept in a high hydrogen environment.  Shearing a Glossy Drecko will produce upto 150kg (330lb) of plastic.  A sheared Glossy Drecko loses its natural armor bonus to defense until its scales completely regrow

Glossy Drecko CR1/2. Small Aberration HD:1d8+1. HP5. Mas13. Init:+2. Spd 20ft, Climb 20ft. Defense:16, Touch13, FF14(+1size, +2dex,+3Nat). Bab+0. Grapl-6. Atk/Full Atk:-1melee(1d3-2bite). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Darkvision 60ft, High Metabolism, Resource Production. AL: Herd. Sv Frt+1, Ref+2,Wil+2. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str7, Dex14, Con13, Int2, Wis11, Cha6.

Skills: Climb+6, Hide+6, Listen+2, Spot+2

Feats: None

Advancement: 2-3HD(small), 3-4HD (medium)

Pokeshell

Traits

Vermin traits (Ex): Pokeshells have all traits common to vermin.

Amphibious (Ex): Pokeshells can breath air as easily as water.

Darkvision: Pokeshell have Darkvision out to a range of 60ft

Bonus Feats: Pokeshells receive Multi-attack as a bonus feat despite not possessing enough natural weapons

Specialized Diet (Ex): Pokeshells consume mostly organic refuse, commonly requiring 140kg (308lb) of “food” per day.  Pokeshells will produces 500grams (1.1lb) of sand for every kilogram (2.2lb) of refuse consumed.

Molting (Ex): Like earthly arthropods, a Pokeshell must periodically molt, molting takes 1d4 rounds and the Pokeshell loses its Natural armor bonus till the process is finished.  Discarded shells can be processed into 5-10kg (11-22lb) of lime that can be used in industrial applications.

Pokeshell CR1/2. Small Vermin HD:2d8+2. HP11. Mas12. Init:+2. Spd 15ft. Defense:18, Touch13, FF16(+1size, +2dex,+5Nat). Bab+1. Grapl-2. Atk:+3melee(1d3+1 claw) . Full Atk:+1melee(1d3+1, 2claws). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ:Vermin traits, Amphibious, Darkvision 60ft, Specialized diet, Molting. AL: None. Sv Frt+3, Ref+0, Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str12, Dex15, Con12, Int--- Wis10, Cha4.

Skills: Balance+7, Hide+6, Listen+5, Spot+5

Feats: Multi-attack

Advancement: 3-4HD(Small),5-6(Medium)

Puft

Variants

The Puft has four variants.

Puft The Puft that is the yellow, three-eyed critter most often encountered in the wild. The Puft can lay all four kinds of eggs with only proximity to a Puft Prince affecting chances of each type.

Puft Prince The Puft Prince is otherwise the same as the basic Puft variant, but can breathe all three gases. When not penned together with a Puft Prince, Pufts will have greatly increased odds of producing only Puft Prince eggs. The Puft Prince has a very low reproduction rate of 2% per cycle, which coupled with its life expectancy of 75 days means that a Puft Prince will only ever produce, at most, one egg in its lifespan. As a benefit Puft Princes can condense all three types of gasses, although with less efficiency than specialized pufts.

Dense Puft

The Dense Puft requires Oxygen and creates Oxylite at 95% efficiency.

Squeaky Puft

The Squeaky Puft requires Chlorine and creates Bleach Stone.

Species Traits

Aberration Type(Ex): All Pufts have the Aberration type.

Darkvision (Ex): Pufts of all types have Darkvision out to a range of 60feet

Natural Filter (Su): Pufts and Puft Princes can draw pollutants out of the air producing Slime (see below), Dense Pufts and Puft princes can condense oxygen into Oxylite (see below) while Squeaky Pufts and Puft Princes can take in chlorine gas and condense it into Bleach Stone (see below).  Pufts, Dense Pufts and Squeaky Pufts are specialized allowing them to process 95% of the “air” they breath into their assigned product, Puft Princes on the other hand are much less efficient, processing a mere 10% of the “air” they breath.  As long as they have sufficient “air” to breath (50kg of pollutants per day for a Puft, 50kg of “relatively” clean oxygen per day for Dense Pufts, 30kg of Chlorine per day for Squeaky Pufts, or 30kg of any of the three per day for the Puft Prince) they need no other source of sustenance.

Oxylite (Su): Dense Pufts and Puft Princes can condense atmospheric oxygen into a solid substance called Oxylite.  Once formed Oxylite blocks will slowly deplete back into oxygen at a rate of roughly 1lb per hour unless placed under 1800g of pressure.  If it can be safely stored, Oxylite can be used in solid fuel engines or as a method to store breathable oxygen for prolonged trips.    

Bleach Stone (Su): Squeaky Pufts and Puft Princes can condense chlorine gas in to a solid mass called Bleach stone.  Once formed Bleach stone blocks will slowly deplete back into oxygen at a rate of roughly 1lb per hour unless placed under 1800g of pressure.  If it can be safely stored, Bleach stone can be used to purify water sources, manufacture sanitation products or be used to fertilizer.  

Slime (Ex): Pufts and Puft Princes can recycle pollutants from the atmosphere, producing an organic sludge that can be fed to Sage Hatches or used as plant fertilizer

Flotation (Ex): Pufts are full of Lighter than air gas.

Puft CR1. Small Aberration HD:3d8. HP13. Mas11. Init:+3. Spd 30ft fly (Perfect) Defense:16, Touch14, FF13(+1size, +3dex, +2Nat). Bab+2. Grapl-4. Atk/Full Atk:+1melee(1d4-2 bite) or +6ranged (1d4, RI;10ft spit). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Aberration traits, Darkvision 60ft, Natural Filter, Flotation. AL: None. Sv Frt+1, Ref+1, Wil+3. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str7, Dex17, Con11, Int2 Wis10, Cha8.

Skills: Listen+4, Spot+4

Feats: None

Advancement: 4-8HD(medium)

Pacu

Variants

The Pacu has two additional variants. It is a temperature sensitive critter, and, provided it is placed in a pool of the correct temperature, will produce its variants consistently and quickly. They all maintain the Pacu's feeding and breeding behaviors, keeping all 3 variants tied for the most reliable source of eggs in the game.

Pacu

The classic pale green Pacu, while slightly superseded by its variant morphs, is still extremely useful as a food source. If this is your primary reason for farming Pacu, you need not look any further than the original. They will deplete your algae quickly, so keep an eye carefully on your reserves.

Tropical Pacu

The colorful Tropical Pacu is the first, and most frequently spotted, variant morph of the Pacu. It emerges when a Pacu reproduces at a temperature above 35 °C. It is a useful source of Pacu Fillet and eggs, and also provides a + 25 decor out to a radius of 5 squares, making it strictly an upgrade from the Pacu. Effectively utilizing this decor bonus can be difficult however, as it only penetrates Window Tile, similar to the decor bonus of a Shine Bug. It does, however, mean outfitting your barracks or mess hall with a fish tank floor (or roof) will be rewarded by the aquarium loving dupes (and hammer home the "moon base" vibe).

Gulp Fish

The blue gulp fish is the second variant of the Pacu. It emerges when a Pacu reproduces at a temperature below 5 °C, and continues being a useful source of Pacu Fillet and eggs. It also has the drawback of requiring temperature management - too hot and it dies off, too cold and the pool its in starts to freeze. It does, however, convert polluted water into water, at a slow and consistent pace of 200 g/s. A large pool filled with these critters can produce enough fresh water to support a base... though water needs to be siphoned off quickly thanks to its higher freezing point than polluted water.

Species Traits

Animal Type(Ex): All Pacu types have all traits common to animals.

Aquatic Subtype (Ex): All Pacu have the Aquatic subtype

Low-light vision (Ex): All pacu types can see twice as well as humans in low light conditions

Filter Feeders (Ex): All Pacu types feed on algae and are capable of consuming upto 140kg (308lb) per day.

Natural Filter (Ex): The Gulp Fish variant of the Pacu has the ability to filter organic and inorganic pollutants from the surrounding water at roughly the same rate that they consume algae.

Environmentally Fragile (Ex): Pacu and Tropical Pacu are sub tropical to tropical fish, while Gulp fish require temperate to  sub-arctic conditions.

Pacu or Tropical Pacu CR1/10. Tiny Animal (Aquatic) HD:1/4d8. HP1. Mas11. Init:+4. Spd swim 40ft. Defense:16, Touch16, FF12(+2size, +4dex). Bab+0. Grapl-12. Atk:/Full Atk:-2melee(1d2-4 bite). FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Animal type, Aquatic type, Filter Feeder, Environmentally fragile. AL: None. Sv Frt+2,Ref+6,Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str3, Dex18, Con11, Int1 Wis11, Cha20.

Skills: Hide+14, Listen+4, Spot+4, Swim+4*

Feats: None

Advancement: None

*required in extreme circumstances only

Gulp Fish CR1/10. Tiny Animal (Aquatic) HD:1/4d8. HP1. Mas11. Init:+4. Spd swim 40ft. Defense:16,Touch16, FF12(+2size, +4dex). Bab+0. Grapl-12. Atk:/Full Atk:-2melee(1d2-4 bite). FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Animal type, Aquatic type, Filter Feeder, Natural Filter, Environmentally fragile. AL: None. Sv Frt+2,Ref+6,Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str3, Dex18, Con11, Int1 Wis11, Cha20.

Skills: Hide+14, Listen+4, Spot+4, Swim+4*

Feats: None

Advancement: None

*required in extreme circumstances only

Slickster

Variants

The Slickster has three variants, each with its own varied diet and temperature preferences.

Slickster

The Slickster that is the purple variant and often found near the bottom of the map. Converts large amounts of Carbon Dioxide to Crude Oil.

Longhair Slickster

A lower-temperature variant with a decor bonus. Can survive in temperatures of -5 °C to 90 °C. Consumes large amounts of Oxygen(30 kg/Cycle, or 50 g/Sec) and produces nothing. Acts as an expensive pet. (There is a +50 Decor bonus from the Longhair Slickster.)

Molten Slickster

A higher-temperature variant. Can survive in temperatures of 75 °C to 270 °C. Converts large amounts of Carbon Dioxide to Petroleum.

Traits

Elemental Type (Ex): All Slickster types have all the traits common to the elemental type.

Earth Subtype (Ex): All Slickster types have the Earth subtype

Fire Subtype (Ex): All Slickster types have the fire subtype.  they are immune to fire damage and suffer double damage from cold based attacks.

Native Subtype (Ex): All Slicksters types have the Native subtype as such they can not be banished from the materiel plane

Darkvision (Ex): All Slickster types have Darkvision out to a range of 60ft

Float (Ex): All Slickster types are naturally buoyant, allowing them to float across bodies of water, crude oil and magma

Bonus damage (Ex): because they are hot even compared to normal Slicksters, Molten Slicksters deal 1d4 points of bonus fire damage on succseful slam and thrown sludge attacks.

Natural Oil production (Ex): Slicksters and Molten Slicksters can produce a substance identical to crude oil as long as a sufficient amount of excess Carbon dioxide is present in the atmosphere.  A Slickster or Molten Slickster typically requires 20 liters of carbon dioxide per day to maintain good health and can produce upto 10 liters (2.6 gallons)  of oil per day.  Long haired Slicksters breath oxygen and produce carbon dioxide like most non-plant life.  As far as can be determined, Slicksters need no other form of sustenance.  

Oil Slick (Ex): Slicksters and Molten Slicksters can create a 15ft radius patch of oil, the oil patch can be ignited by a third party, anything passing through the slick must make a DC 20 Balance check or fall prone.  

Slickster CR1. Small elemental (Earth, Fire, Native) HD:2d8.HP9. Mas10. Init:+1. Spd 20ft. Defense:,Touch,FF(+1size, +1dex,+5Nat). Bab+1. Grapl-4. Atk/Full Atk:+1melee(1d4-1 slam) or +3ranged (1d4-1, RI; 10ft thrown sludge). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Elemental Traits, Subtype Traits, Darkvision 60ft, Float, Natural Oil Production, Oil Slick. AL: None. Sv Frt+3,Ref+4,Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0.Str8, Dex13, Con10, Int2 Wis10, Cha11.

Skills: Hide+7, Jump+3

Feats: None

Advancement: 3-4HD(small), 5-7HD(medium), 8+HD(large)

Long-haired Slickster CR1. Small elemental (Earth, Fire, Native) HD:2d8.HP9. Mas10. Init:+1. Spd 20ft. Defense:,Touch,FF(+1size, +1dex,+5Nat). Bab+1. Grapl-4. Atk/Full Atk:+1melee(1d4-1 slam) or +3ranged (1d4-1, RI; 10ft thrown sludge). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Elemental Traits, Subtype Traits, Darkvision 60ft, Float. AL: None. Sv Frt+3,Ref+4,Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0.Str8, Dex13, Con10, Int2 Wis10, Cha21.

Skills: Hide+7, Jump+3

Feats: None

Advancement: 3-4HD(small), 5-7HD(medium), 8+HD(large)

Molten Slickster CR2. Small elemental (Earth, Fire, Native) HD:2d8.HP9. Mas10. Init:+1. Spd 20ft. Defense:,Touch,FF(+1size, +1dex,+5Nat). Bab+1. Grapl-4. Atk/Full Atk:+1melee(1d4-1plus 1d4fire slam) or +3ranged (1d4-1plus1d4fire, RI; 10ft thrown sludge). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Elemental Traits, Subtype Traits, Darkvision 60ft, Float, Natural Oil Production, Oil Slick. AL: None. Sv Frt+3,Ref+4,Wil+0. AP: N/A. Rep+0.Str8, Dex13, Con10, Int2 Wis10, Cha11.

Skills: Hide+7, Jump+3

Feats: None

Advancement: 3-4HD(small), 5-7HD(medium), 8+HD(large)

Shove Vole

Species Traits

Magical Beast Type(Ex): Shove Voles have all the traits common to magical beasts.

Darkvision (Ex): Shove Voles have darkvision out to a range of 240ft

Vacuum adapted (Ex): Shove Voles do not need air to breath and can not be suffocated

Radiation Resistance (Ex): Shove Voles treat all radiation sources as three levels lower (maximum none)

Specialized Diet (Ex): Shove Voles consume only rock, “dirt”, and metal ore.  A Shove vole can consume upto 4800kg (10,560lb) of materiel in a single day.  They will excrete half as much rocky materiel as they have consumed over the course of the day.

Feats: Shove Voles receive Multi-attack as a bonus feat.

Shove Vole CR1/2. Small Magical beast HD:2d10.HP11. Mas10. Init:+3. Spd 30ft, climb30ft, burrow 30ft. Defense:19, Touch14, FF16(+1size, +3dex,+5Nat). Bab+2. Grapl-4. Atk:+1melee(1d4-2 bite). Full Atk:+1melee(1d3-2, 2 claws) and -1melee (1d4-2 bite). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Magical beast traits, Darkvision 240ft, Vacuum adaption, Radiation Resistance, Specialized diet. AL: None. Sv Frt+, Ref+, Wil+. AP: N/A. Rep+0.Str6, Dex17,Con10, Int2, Wis10, Cha11.

Skills: Balance+7, Climb+6, Hide+7, Listen+4, Spot+4

Feats: Multi-attack

Advancement: 3-5HD(small)

Morb

Species Traits

Ooze Type (Ex): Morbs have all traits common to an ooze.

Darkvision: Morbs have Darkvision to a range of 60ft instead of Blind-Sight

Polluted Air (Ex): Every living creature that passes within 15ft of a Morb must make a DC15 Fort save or be sickened, this lasts as long the creature remains within 15ft of the Morb, if the Morb or the victim move more than 15ft away from each other the sickness will persist for 1d4 rounds.  Anything within 40ft of a Morb suffers a -2 penalty to fortitude saves vs diseases as long as they remain in the 40ft radius.

Special Immunities (Ex): Morbs do not need air and can not suffocate

Morb CR1/4. Tiny Ooze HD:1/4d8-1. HP1. Mas---. Init:+2. Spd 20ft. Defense:14, Touch14, FF12(+2size, +2dex). Bab+0. Grapl-11. Atk:/Full Atk:-1melee(1d3-3 slam) or +4ranged (1d3-3 RI; 10ft thrown glob). FS:2.5ftx2.5ft. R:0ft. SQ: Ooze traits, Darkvision60ft, Polluted air, Special Immunities. AL: None. Sv Frt-1, Ref+2,Wil-2. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str5, Dex14, Con9, Int---, Wis7, Cha4.

Skills: Hide+10

Feats: None

Advancement: 1/2HD (Tiny), 1-3HD(Small), 4HD (Medium)

Gassy Moo

Species Traits

Magical Beast traits (Ex): A Gassy Moo has all the traits common to a magical beast.

Low-light vision (Ex): Gassy Moos can see twice as well as humans in poor light conditions.

Specialized Diet (Ex): Gassy Moos can only subsist on Gas grass.  For every kilogram (2.2lb) of Gas grass that a Gassy Moo consumes in a day it will produce 5 liters (1.32galons) of natural gas that can be used to power devices (Gas grass does not need an atmosphere to grow but, must be watered with liquid chlorine at a rate of 1lb per day).

Alien anatomy (Ex): Gassy Moos can exist in hard vacuum

Flotation (Ex): Gassy Moos are full of Lighter than air gas.

Gassy Moo CR3. Medium magical beast HD:4d10+8. HP30. Mas15. Init:-1. Spd 30ft fly (Perfect). Defense:15, Touch9, FF15(-1dex,+6Nat). Bab+4. Grapl+6. Atk/Full Atk:+6melee(1d4+3 slam). FS:5ftx5ft. R:5ft. SQ: Magical beast traits, Low-light vision, Specialized Diet, Alien Anatomy, Flotation. AL: Herd. Sv Frt+6, Ref+3, Wil+1. AP: N/A. Rep+0. Str15, Dex8, Con15, Int2, Wis11, Cha10.

Skills: Listen+5, Spot+5

Feats: none

Advancement: 5-6HD (Medium), 7HD (Large)