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jcmarchi · 3 months ago

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Revisiting CSS Multi-Column Layout

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/revisiting-css-multi-column-layout/

Revisiting CSS Multi-Column Layout

Honestly, it’s difficult for me to come to terms with, but almost 20 years have passed since I wrote my first book, Transcending CSS. In it, I explained how and why to use what was the then-emerging Multi-Column Layout module.

Hint: I published an updated version, Transcending CSS Revisited, which is free to read online.

Perhaps because, before the web, I’d worked in print, I was over-excited at the prospect of dividing content into columns without needing extra markup purely there for presentation. I’ve used Multi-Column Layout regularly ever since. Yet, CSS Columns remains one of the most underused CSS layout tools. I wonder why that is?

Holes in the specification

For a long time, there were, and still are, plenty of holes in Multi-Column Layout. As Rachel Andrew — now a specification editor — noted in her article five years ago:

“The column boxes created when you use one of the column properties can’t be targeted. You can’t address them with JavaScript, nor can you style an individual box to give it a background colour or adjust the padding and margins. All of the column boxes will be the same size. The only thing you can do is add a rule between columns.”

She’s right. And that’s still true. You can’t style columns, for example, by alternating background colours using some sort of :nth-column() pseudo-class selector. You can add a column-rule between columns using border-style values like dashed, dotted, and solid, and who can forget those evergreen groove and ridge styles? But you can’t apply border-image values to a column-rule, which seems odd as they were introduced at roughly the same time. The Multi-Column Layout is imperfect, and there’s plenty I wish it could do in the future, but that doesn’t explain why most people ignore what it can do today.

Patchy browser implementation for a long time

Legacy browsers simply ignored the column properties they couldn’t process. But, when Multi-Column Layout was first launched, most designers and developers had yet to accept that websites needn’t look the same in every browser.

Early on, support for Multi-Column Layout was patchy. However, browsers caught up over time, and although there are still discrepancies — especially in controlling content breaks — Multi-Column Layout has now been implemented widely. Yet, for some reason, many designers and developers I speak to feel that CSS Columns remain broken. Yes, there’s plenty that browser makers should do to improve their implementations, but that shouldn’t prevent people from using the solid parts today.

Readability and usability with scrolling

Maybe the main reason designers and developers haven’t embraced Multi-Column Layout as they have CSS Grid and Flexbox isn’t in the specification or its implementation but in its usability. Rachel pointed this out in her article:

“One reason we don’t see multicol used much on the web is that it would be very easy to end up with a reading experience which made the reader scroll in the block dimension. That would mean scrolling up and down vertically for those of us using English or another vertical writing mode. This is not a good reading experience!”

That’s true. No one would enjoy repeatedly scrolling up and down to read a long passage of content set in columns. She went on:

“Neither of these things is ideal, and using multicol on the web is something we need to think about very carefully in terms of the amount of content we might be aiming to flow into our columns.”

But, let’s face it, thinking very carefully is what designers and developers should always be doing.

Sure, if you’re dumb enough to dump a large amount of content into columns without thinking about its design, you’ll end up serving readers a poor experience. But why would you do that when headlines, images, and quotes can span columns and reset the column flow, instantly improving readability? Add to that container queries and newer unit values for text sizing, and there really isn’t a reason to avoid using Multi-Column Layout any longer.

A brief refresher on properties and values

Let’s run through a refresher. There are two ways to flow content into multiple columns; first, by defining the number of columns you need using the column-count property:

Second, and often best, is specifying the column width, leaving a browser to decide how many columns will fit along the inline axis. For example, I’m using column-width to specify that my columns are over 18rem. A browser creates as many 18rem columns as possible to fit and then shares any remaining space between them.

Then, there is the gutter (or column-gap) between columns, which you can specify using any length unit. I prefer using rem units to maintain the gutters’ relationship to the text size, but if your gutters need to be 1em, you can leave this out, as that’s a browser’s default gap.

The final column property is that divider (or column-rule) to the gutters, which adds visual separation between columns. Again, you can set a thickness and use border-style values like dashed, dotted, and solid.

These examples will be seen whenever you encounter a Multi-Column Layout tutorial, including CSS-Tricks’ own Almanac. The Multi-Column Layout syntax is one of the simplest in the suite of CSS layout tools, which is another reason why there are few reasons not to use it.

Multi-Column Layout is even more relevant today

When I wrote Transcending CSS and first explained the emerging Multi-Column Layout, there were no rem or viewport units, no :has() or other advanced selectors, no container queries, and no routine use of media queries because responsive design hadn’t been invented.

We didn’t have calc() or clamp() for adjusting text sizes, and there was no CSS Grid or Flexible Box Layout for precise control over a layout. Now we do, and all these properties help to make Multi-Column Layout even more relevant today.

Now, you can use rem or viewport units combined with calc() and clamp() to adapt the text size inside CSS Columns. You can use :has() to specify when columns are created, depending on the type of content they contain. Or you might use container queries to implement several columns only when a container is large enough to display them. Of course, you can also combine a Multi-Column Layout with CSS Grid or Flexible Box Layout for even more imaginative layout designs.

Using Multi-Column Layout today

Patty Meltt is an up-and-coming country music sensation. She’s not real, but the challenges of designing and developing websites like hers are.

My challenge was to implement a flexible article layout without media queries which adapts not only to screen size but also whether or not a <figure> is present. To improve the readability of running text in what would potentially be too-long lines, it should be set in columns to narrow the measure. And, as a final touch, the text size should adapt to the width of the container, not the viewport.

Article with no <figure> element. What would potentially be too-long lines of text are set in columns to improve readability by narrowing the measure.

Article containing a <figure> element. No column text is needed for this narrower measure.

The HTML for this layout is rudimentary. One <section>, one <main>, and one <figure> (or not:)

<section> <main> <h1>About Patty</h1> <p>…</p> </main> <figure> <img> </figure> </section>

I started by adding Multi-Column Layout styles to the <main> element using the column-width property to set the width of each column to 40ch (characters). The max-width and automatic inline margins reduce the content width and center it in the viewport:

main margin-inline: auto; max-width: 100ch; column-width: 40ch; column-gap: 3rem; column-rule: .5px solid #98838F;

Next, I applied a flexible box layout to the <section> only if it :has() a direct descendant which is a <figure>:

section:has(> figure) display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0 3rem;

This next min-width: min(100%, 30rem) — applied to both the <main> and <figure> — is a combination of the min-width property and the min() CSS function. The min() function allows you to specify two or more values, and a browser will choose the smallest value from them. This is incredibly useful for responsive layouts where you want to control the size of an element based on different conditions:

section:has(> figure) main flex: 1; margin-inline: 0; min-width: min(100%, 30rem); section:has(> figure) figure flex: 4; min-width: min(100%, 30rem);

What’s efficient about this implementation is that Multi-Column Layout styles are applied throughout, with no need for media queries to switch them on or off.

Adjusting text size in relation to column width helps improve readability. This has only recently become easy to implement with the introduction of container queries, their associated values including cqi, cqw, cqmin, and cqmax. And the clamp() function. Fortunately, you don’t have to work out these text sizes manually as ClearLeft’s Utopia will do the job for you.

My headlines and paragraph sizes are clamped to their minimum and maximum rem sizes and between them text is fluid depending on their container’s inline size:

h1 font-size: clamp(5.6526rem, 5.4068rem + 1.2288cqi, 6.3592rem); h2 font-size: clamp(1.9994rem, 1.9125rem + 0.4347cqi, 2.2493rem); p font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.9565rem + 0.2174cqi, 1.125rem);

So, to specify the <main> as the container on which those text sizes are based, I applied a container query for its inline size:

main container-type: inline-size;

Open the final result in a desktop browser, when you’re in front of one. It’s a flexible article layout without media queries which adapts to screen size and the presence of a <figure>. Multi-Column Layout sets text in columns to narrow the measure and the text size adapts to the width of its container, not the viewport.

Modern CSS is solving many prior problems

Structure content with spanning elements which will restart the flow of columns and prevent people from scrolling long distances.

Prevent figures from dividing their images and captions between columns.

Almost every article I’ve ever read about Multi-Column Layout focuses on its flaws, especially usability. CSS-Tricks’ own Geoff Graham even mentioned the scrolling up and down issue when he asked, “When Do You Use CSS Columns?”

“But an entire long-form article split into columns? I love it in newspapers but am hesitant to scroll down a webpage to read one column, only to scroll back up to do it again.”

Fortunately, the column-span property — which enables headlines, images, and quotes to span columns, resets the column flow, and instantly improves readability — now has solid support in browsers:

h1, h2, blockquote column-span: all;

But the solution to the scrolling up and down issue isn’t purely technical. It also requires content design. This means that content creators and designers must think carefully about the frequency and type of spanning elements, dividing a Multi-Column Layout into shallower sections, reducing the need to scroll and improving someone’s reading experience.

Another prior problem was preventing headlines from becoming detached from their content and figures, dividing their images and captions between columns. Thankfully, the break-after property now also has widespread support, so orphaned images and captions are now a thing of the past:

figure break-after: column;

Open this final example in a desktop browser:

You should take a fresh look at Multi-Column Layout

Multi-Column Layout isn’t a shiny new tool. In fact, it remains one of the most underused layout tools in CSS. It’s had, and still has, plenty of problems, but they haven’t reduced its usefulness or its ability to add an extra level of refinement to a product or website’s design. Whether you haven’t used Multi-Column Layout in a while or maybe have never tried it, now’s the time to take a fresh look at Multi-Column Layout.

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zephiris · 2 years ago

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i like your website! it looks very nice

especially the gradient colored text!! you used a separate font to make it more legible

whenever i try to do something like that, it always becomes really hard to read... maybe i should learn some basic web design?

my website looks like this and it took two days of fiddling with css

Thank you! The biggest thing with making text legible is making sure there is enough contrast between the text color and the background or make the text big enough that it’s legible even if there isn’t that much contrast. The best guide on color contrast that I know of is the Mozilla docs! If you scroll down to the solution part there it has many tools to check text contrast.

Since your website has a warm bright canvas background darker colors and gradients would work better and end up being more legible.

If you’re looking to learn more about web development and especially CSS I strongly recommend Kevin Powell on YouTube! His videos on flexbox and grid are very helpful in understanding those new browser features and making responsive websites (websites that look great on any screen size). For example, I used grid for the nickname table and for my projects so that on desktop those elements would be wider and shorter while on mobile they’d get narrower and taller.

I love your site too, especially the canvas theme with the green branch/orange leaves and the clever span box to show your favorite color complete with a title tag featuring the hex code!

To be clear my site took me at least 20 hours of fiddling and development to make. Feel free to look at the site code (and my commit history) on GitHub!

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skinsort · 1 year ago

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Responsive vs. Adaptive vs. Neither of those things

Aight so. Big topic. We hear the word 'responsive' a lot when talking about web design but it's kind of a wishy washy topic for lots of people outside tech, especially if you've mostly coded while interacting with jcink. John did it really weird, with two skins- one for mobile, and one for desktop. This is actually pretty convenient because it helps distinguish two ideas. If you go to a website like youtube or even tumblr and resize your window as large as you can and as small as you can. These sites are properly responsive- the layout changes and adapts to the size of the screen. Youtube is (unsurprisingly) better at this than tumblr. It changes to use all of the available screen width at every size, pretty much no matter what. Tumblr (the dash anyway) only expands to a certain size- but it also doesn't break when you make it really small. Now go look at the base jcink skin- jcink support forums for instance. If you look at it on a phone, it'll mostly look okay, and after a certain size, will mostly look okay on desktop too. But there's this whole area between the two where things start to get janky. The fixed sizes of everything start to spill over the window size. That's an adaptive skin. Everything is a fixed size, and which layout you see depends on the type of device you're using. Adaptive sites are generally seen as outdated at this point. Almost no one is coding this way anymore. Now go to a jcink skin. Do the same thing with making your window bigger and smaller. In every skin I've ever seen, *something* will break. Text will overflow, you'll have to scroll from side to side to read a post, images will start to overlap other content. That kind of thing. Some sites will resize to a certain point, but almost none of them will do so all the way down to a mobile size, or even half of a laptop screen. This is neither adaptive nor responsive. THIS IS OKAY. I mean it's not ideal, but almost no one coding for jcink is a professional, and these are legitimately difficult things to get right. You have to be thinking about it from the start of the design process. What's going to happen to that icon when the screen gets small? What about the topic information? How are you going to keep information which looks beautiful at a desktop size looking good at tablet and phone sizes? It's legitimately difficult, and if you're not building with that in mind from the start it's a non-trivial task to make an unresponsive skin responsive. If you want to start thinking about these things, I'd recommend reading about media query breakpoints. For jcink, I think it's fair to code for desktop first (usually it's mobile first today) because people using a jcink site will usually want to be typing in it somewhere. Anecdotally, I think even people who post on mobile usually are writing in a notes app first. My skin worked really well at a 600px breakpoint, but other skins might need different figures. That's okay! As long as you can identify (maybe two) places where your views start to breakdown and have consistent behavior in your css for those breakpoints, you should be fine. I think it's good practice to know what you want your mobile version to look like, and code at least the skeleton of both views as you go, so you don't back yourself into corners. That's already a lot of text, so I'll stop there. I'll follow this up with a few different ways you can approach responsive design beyond breakpoints- grid, flexbox, and percentage based css. I can't really effectively teach these things on tumblr, but I can talk about the pros and cons of each approach so you can start looking into the things that seem like they might fit your use case.

#jcink coding #coding meta

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tpointtechblogs · 5 days ago

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Become a CSS Wizard: Style Like a Pro!

Ready to take your web design skills to the next level? In this CSS tutorial, you’ll learn everything you need to become a CSS wizard — from styling basics to advanced techniques like Flexbox, Grid, animations, and more. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to sharpen your skills, this guide is packed with tips, tricks, and real-world examples. Style like a pro and transform your websites into stunning masterpieces. Let’s dive into the magic of CSS!

#css tutorial

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ultrakey · 9 days ago

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Responsive Web Design: The Key to Modern Website Success

In an era where users access the internet through a wide range of devices—smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops—having a flexible, user-friendly website is crucial. Responsive Web Design (RWD) has become a standard practice in web development, ensuring that websites automatically adapt to various screen sizes and deliver an optimal user experience.

What is Responsive Web Design?

Responsive web design is an approach that allows web content to dynamically adjust based on the screen size, orientation, and resolution of the user’s device. Instead of building multiple versions of a website, developers create one flexible design that works seamlessly across all platforms.

Core Elements of Responsive Web Design

Flexible Grid Layouts: CSS flexbox and grid systems enable fluid and proportionate designs.

Media Queries: CSS rules that apply different styles based on device features such as width and resolution.

Fluid Media: Images and videos scale appropriately to fit the screen.

Mobile-First Design: Begins with mobile usability in mind and scales up for larger screens.

Consistent User Interface: Ensures easy navigation and a cohesive experience across devices.

Why Responsive Web Design is Crucial

1. Boosts User Experience

A responsive site offers a seamless browsing experience, encouraging users to stay longer and interact more. A consistent layout and intuitive navigation improve satisfaction and engagement.

2. Improves SEO Performance

Google prioritizes mobile-friendly websites in its search algorithm. A responsive design enhances search engine rankings, reduces bounce rates, and boosts page load speeds, all of which are critical SEO factors.

3. Increases Mobile Traffic

With over half of web traffic now coming from mobile devices, responsive design is essential. It ensures accessibility and usability for the growing mobile audience.

4. Reduces Maintenance and Costs

Rather than maintaining separate desktop and mobile sites, a single responsive website streamlines updates and reduces overall costs.

5. Faster Loading Speeds

Responsive websites are often better optimized for speed. Faster sites improve retention and help with search engine optimization (SEO) efforts.

6. Higher Conversion Rates

When users can browse, shop, or fill forms easily on any device, it increases trust and drives conversions—critical for e-commerce and lead generation.

7. Future-Proof and Scalable

Responsive design adapts to new devices and screen types, making your website more sustainable and scalable for the future.

How Responsive Web Design Works

Flexible Layouts: Grids and CSS frameworks like Bootstrap create adaptable layouts.

Media Queries: Tailor visual elements and styling to different screen properties.

Optimized Assets: Compress and resize images using modern formats like WebP to maintain performance.

Common Challenges of Responsive Web Design

Complex Development: Building for all devices requires detailed planning and testing.

Browser Compatibility: Ensuring older browsers support modern features can be difficult.

Performance Issues: Unoptimized images and scripts can hinder load times.

Best Practices for Responsive Web Design

Adopt a Mobile-First Strategy

Use Scalable Fonts and Buttons

Optimize Images and Media Files

Test Across Multiple Devices and Browsers

Apply Lazy Loading and Browser Caching

Conclusion

Responsive web design is not just an option—it’s a necessity for any business that wants to succeed in the digital space. It boosts SEO, enhances user experience, increases conversions, and ensures your website remains competitive across all devices.

Investing in a responsive website is investing in your brand's online visibility, credibility, and growth. Whether launching a new site or updating an existing one, adopting responsive web design is a smart, future-proof decision.

#web development company #web marketing #websitedesign

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divinector · 3 months ago

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Flexbox Landing Page

#css flexbox examples #flexbox css #flexbox tutorial #html css #css #frontenddevelopment #webdesign #html #css3 #divinectorweb #flexbox #landing page website #website design #create a website

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codingflicks · 2 years ago

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Flexbox Responsive Website Layout

#flexbox website #responsive website design #webdesign #responsive webdesign #html css #learn to code #code #frontend #codingflicks #css #css3 #html #css flexbox layout

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makemywebsite1 · 19 days ago

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Beginner's Guide to Responsive Web Design

Websites are the storefronts of the digital world. Everyone wants a sleek, stylish, and easy-to-use web design in Sydney. However, not everyone knows how to make one that works on all devices. That is where responsive web design comes in. It is not just a trend—it is the new normal. If your web design in Sydney is not responsive, you are already behind. But don’t worry, this guide will help you catch up.

What is Responsive Web Design?

Responsive web design means a website adjusts to any screen size. You don’t need to zoom in. You don’t need to scroll side to side. Everything lines up. Everything flows. It feels natural.

So, the goal is simple: Make your web design in Sydney readable and usable, no matter the device. No matter the screen resolution.

Why Should You Care?

People use all kinds of gadgets today. Laptops, tablets, smartphones, smart TVs, and so on. Some websites look perfect on a laptop, but try the same site on your phone. It’s a mess. The text is tiny. Buttons are hard to click. Images get cut off. All this chaos makes your visitors leave in frustration.

Google loves responsive websites and gives them better rankings. This leads to more visitors and better visibility. Thus, a responsive site is not a luxury but a necessity.

The Key Ingredients of Responsive Design

1. Fluid Grids

A fluid grid uses percentages instead of fixed pixels. That way, elements grow or shrink depending on the screen size. For example, imagine a picture might be 50% wide. It stretches on a big screen, while on a small screen, it shrinks. The layout stays balanced. The structure remains intact.

2. Flexible Images

Images are tricky. If not sized properly, they break layouts. So, responsive design always uses flexible images that are easy to scale and adjust. No overflow. No broken sections. Just smooth visuals. You can use CSS to control this. A common trick is to set the image width to 100%. That way, it always fills the space.

3. Media Queries

This is the secret sauce. Media queries are CSS rules. They tell the browser how to style the page based on screen size.

When the screen is 600 pixels wide or smaller, the background turns light blue. You can:

Change fonts

Rearrange sections

Hide or show content

In short, media queries give you control and make your design smart.

Mobile-First Design: Start Small

Design for the smallest screen first. That is mobile-first design. It makes you focus. It helps you prioritise. You start with what really matters. To put it in order:

Build a layout for phones.

Then scale it up for tablets.

Then expand it for desktops.

This approach saves time while reducing clutter. It also ensures a clean and clear user experience.

Tools to Help You Get Started

Bootstrap

This is a popular framework with pre-made grid systems. It includes responsive components, from buttons to forms to navigation bars. You can build fast. You can customise easily.

CSS Flexbox

Flexbox helps you align items in rows or columns. It adapts quickly and is ideal for one-dimensional layouts. Want a row of cards that wraps on small screens? Flexbox does that.

CSS Grid

Grid is perfect for complex layouts. You can place items wherever you want—rows, columns, or overlapping elements. It gives you full control.

Chrome DevTools

Test your design right in your browser.��

Open Chrome.

Press F12.

You’ll see the Developer Tools.

Switch to mobile view.

Resize the window.

See how your site responds.

Adjust and fix issues on the spot.

Tips for Better Responsive Web Design in Sydney

Keep Navigation Simple

Big menus do not work well on phones. Use icons or collapsible menus, and keep it clean. More importantly, keep it user-friendly.

Avoid Fixed Widths

Fixed widths can break your layout. Stick to percentages. Embrace fluidity.

Use Viewport Meta Tag

Add this to your HTML:

```html

```

This tells the browser how to scale the page. Without it, your design might look weird on mobile.

Test on Real Devices

Simulators help, but nothing beats the real thing. Open your site on different phones. Try it on tablets. Check how it looks. Check how it feels.

Optimise Loading Time

Mobile users want speed. Compress your images. Minify your CSS and JavaScript. Use lazy loading. Keep things light.

Real World Example

Let’s take a basic layout. A homepage with a header, a main section, a sidebar, and a footer.

On desktop:

– The header stretches across the top.

– The main section sits on the left.

– The sidebar is on the right.

– The footer is at the bottom.

On mobile:

– The header still sits on top.

– The sidebar moves below the main section.

– Everything stacks vertically.

Same content. Different layout. That’s the beauty of responsive design.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even the best designers mess up. Let’s make sure you don’t.

– Don’t forget the viewport meta tag.

– Don’t use large fixed images.

– Don’t hide important content on mobile.

– Don’t ignore load speed.

– Don’t test only on one screen size.

Each screen is a new experience. Each visitor deserves a smooth journey.

Final Thoughts: The Future is Flexible

The internet will keep changing. New devices will appear and new screen sizes will emerge. So, your fully responsive website must be ready. It keeps your site future-proof. To get started with your responsive web design in Sydney - https://www.makemywebsite.com.au/web-design/sydney/ , connect with Make My Website.

Web design is not just about looking pretty. It’s about function. It’s about flow. It’s about flexibility. Responsive design gives your website a fighting chance.

#web design melbourne #web design sydney

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teslatinyhouse · 1 month ago

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WordPress Theme Development: A Complete Guide

WordPress theme development is an essential skill for developers looking to create custom, high-performance websites. Whether you're building a theme for personal use, client projects, or to sell on marketplaces, understanding the fundamentals is crucial.

This guide covers everything from the basics to advanced techniques, helping you master WordPress theme development.

1. What is a WordPress Theme?

A WordPress theme is a collection of files that define the appearance and functionality of a website. It includes:

PHP Files – Control the structure and content.

CSS Stylesheets – Define the website’s look and feel.

JavaScript Files – Add interactivity and animations.

Template Files – Manage different parts of the website, such as headers, footers, and sidebars.

Themes can be either classic themes (built using PHP) or block themes (based on the WordPress block editor).

2. Tools Required for Theme Development

Before you start, set up a proper development environment. Here’s what you need:

Local Development Server: Install Local by Flywheel, XAMPP, or MAMP to test your theme locally.

Code Editor: Use Visual Studio Code or Sublime Text for writing clean code.

Version Control: Use Git for tracking changes and collaborating with teams.

Browser DevTools: Inspect and debug CSS, JavaScript, and responsive design.

3. Setting Up a Basic WordPress Theme

To create a custom theme, follow these steps:

Step 1: Create a Theme Folder

Navigate to wp-content/themes/ and create a new folder (e.g., mytheme).

Step 2: Add Essential Theme Files

Inside your theme folder, create the following files:

style.css (Main stylesheet)

index.php (Main template file)

functions.php (Handles theme functions)

4. Understanding WordPress Template Hierarchy

WordPress uses a hierarchy to determine which template file to load. Some important templates include:

index.php – Default template (fallback for all pages).

header.php & footer.php – Used for the site's header and footer.

single.php – Displays single blog posts.

page.php – Used for static pages.

archive.php – Displays category, tag, and author archives.

Understanding this hierarchy helps you create a structured theme.

5. Adding Dynamic Features with functions.php

The functions.php file is crucial for adding features like menus, widgets, and theme support.

Registering a Navigation Menu

6. Creating Custom Page Templates

To create a unique page design, you can build a custom template.

Example: Custom About Page Template

Now, when creating a new page in WordPress, you can select "About Page" from the Page Attributes section.

7. Making Your Theme Responsive

Use CSS media queries to ensure your theme works on all devices.

Additionally, using Flexbox and CSS Grid can help create a more flexible layout.

8. SEO & Performance Optimization

Optimize Code and Assets

Minify CSS & JavaScript using plugins like Autoptimize.

Load scripts asynchronously to improve speed.

SEO Best Practices

Use semantic HTML5 tags (<header>, <article>, <footer>).

Optimize images using WebP format for faster load times.

Install an SEO plugin like Yoast SEO to manage metadata and sitemaps.

9. Testing & Debugging Your Theme

Before deploying, ensure your theme is error-free.

Enable Debugging: Add this to wp-config.php: phpCopyEditdefine('WP_DEBUG', true); define('WP_DEBUG_LOG', true);

Use Theme Check Plugin: Install the Theme Check plugin to ensure your theme follows WordPress coding standards.

10. Publishing and Selling Your Theme

Once your theme is complete, you can:

Submit it to the WordPress Theme Repository.

Sell it on marketplaces like ThemeForest or TemplateMonster.

Offer premium versions on your own website.

Conclusion

WordPress theme development is an exciting and rewarding skill that allows you to build powerful, customized websites. By mastering the basics, following best practices, and continuously improving your designs, you can create themes that are functional, responsive, and optimized for SEO.

If you’re serious about WordPress development, start building and experimenting with your own themes today!

#web design

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tccicomputercoaching · 1 month ago

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Learn Responsive Web Design – TCCI Coaching

Introduction

In the current world of digitalization, websites must be accessible and adaptable to different devices and screen sizes. Learn Responsive Web Design at TCCI Coaching to master the skills needed for seamless performance across desktops, tablets, and smartphones. At TCCI-Tririd Computer Coaching Institute, our expert trainers provide hands-on mentorship to help you develop modern, flexible websites.

What is Responsive Web Design?

It is a method of making a website able to automatically fit and perform well on different screen sizes. Unlike static designs offering fixed pixels, responsive websites include flexible site layouts, media queries, and scalable images combined to provide a seamless-user experience on any device.

Key Principles of Responsive Design

1. Fluid Grids

Fluid grids do not provide fixed pixel-based layouts but relative units such as percentages for ensuring adaptability.

2. Flexible Images

The scaling of images is in accordance to the screen size to avoid any distortion and also the enhancement in load times.

3. Media Queries

Media queries in CSS allow the application of different styles based upon the various screen widths of devices.

4. Mobile-First Approach

Designing in favor of mobile devices first assures the light weight and optimization of a website before going on into larger scales.

Why Responsive Web Design is Important?

Increasing Mobile Users: Most of the users access the web using mobile devices.

SEO Benefits: Google prioritizes the websites in search rankings which are mobile-friendly.

Improved User Experience: It guarantees that navigation is unobstructed and much readable in every type of device.

Technologies Which Are Essential to Responsive Web Design

HTML5: Structuring web pages

CSS3: Styling and Layout

JavaScript: Add interactivity to the site

Bootstrap: A well-known framework for responding design

How to Start with Responsive Web Design?

Learning the basics of HTML & CSS

Knowing the view port meta tags

Experimenting with media queries

Testing in various devices

Best Practices in Responsive Web Design

Using relative units such as %, em, rem

Optimizing images for better performance

Implement Flexbox and CSS Grid

Avoid fixed-width layouts

Popular Frameworks For Responsive Web Design

Bootstrap: Pre-designed components and grid system

Foundation: Advanced responsive design features

Tailwind CSS: Utility-first framework for flexibility

Tools for Testing Responsiveness

Google Mobile-Friendly Test

Chrome Developer Tools

BrowserStack

Common Mistake in Responsive Web Design

Ignoring the Touchscreen Users: Make sure all buttons and links are very easy to tap.

Too Much Breakpoint Overload: Only keep the few most important.

Not Testing on Actual Devices: Emulator is helpful but not always accurate.

Why Train Instead of Other Providers?

TCCI basically provides you with:

Expert Faculty having Industry experience

Live Projects for Practical Hands-on Learning

Flexible Learning Modes (Online & Offline)

Cost effective Fees along with quality Learning

Career Future After Learning Responsive Web Design

Web Developer

Frontend Developer

UI/UX Designer

Freelancing & Entrepreneurship

Conclusion

In the present digital age, it is a compulsion to master the art of responsive web designing. At TCCI-Tririd Computer Coaching Institute, we have provided skilled training from experts to create modern, flexible websites. Start learning today and begin your journey to becoming a successful web developer!

Location: Bopal & Iskon-Ambli Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Call now on +91 9825618292

Get information from: https://tccicomputercoaching.wordpress.com/

#ResponsiveWebDesign #WebDevelopment #LearnWebDesign #TCCICoaching #WebDesignCourse

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skyappz · 2 months ago

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Frontend training institute in coimbatore

What is Frontend Development?

Frontend development refers to the creation of the visual and interactive aspects of a website or application that users directly interact with. It involves using technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frontend frameworks (React, Vue, Angular) to build user-friendly, responsive, and engaging web applications.

What Should I Know Before Learning Frontend?

Before diving into frontend development, it's helpful to have a basic understanding of:

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript – The core technologies of the web.

Version Control – Using Git and GitHub for managing code.

Basic UI/UX Principles – Understanding user experience and accessibility.

Responsive Design – Creating websites that work on all screen sizes.

Browser DevTools – Debugging and optimizing code in Chrome, Firefox, etc.

Basic Command Line Usage – Navigating files and running scripts.

Skills Required to Become a Frontend Engineer

To become a successful frontend engineer, you need:

Core Web Technologies – HTML, CSS (Flexbox, Grid), and JavaScript.

JavaScript Frameworks & Libraries – React.js, Vue.js, Angular.

State Management – Redux, Zustand, or Vuex.

CSS Preprocessors & UI Libraries – SASS, Tailwind CSS, Bootstrap.

API Integration – Fetching data from RESTful and GraphQL APIs.

Performance Optimization – Lazy loading, caching, and minimizing requests.

Build Tools & Package Managers – Webpack, Vite, NPM, Yarn.

Testing & Debugging – Jest, Cypress, React Testing Library.

Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) – Enhancing web apps for offline use.

SEO & Web Accessibility – Making websites search-friendly and inclusive.

What Does a Frontend Engineer Do?

A Frontend Engineer is responsible for:

Developing User Interfaces – Building responsive, interactive websites.

Ensuring Cross-Browser Compatibility – Making sure the website looks good on all browsers.

Optimizing Performance – Improving website speed and responsiveness.

Collaborating with Backend Developers – Integrating frontend with APIs and databases.

Implementing SEO Best Practices – Enhancing website visibility.

Debugging & Testing Code – Identifying and fixing issues.

Staying Updated with Latest Trends – Learning new frameworks and tools.

Salary Insights for Frontend Engineers

Frontend developers earn competitive salaries worldwide:

India: ₹5–12 LPA (Mid-level), ₹15+ LPA (Senior-level).

USA: $80,000–$150,000 per year.

UK: £40,000–£100,000 per year.

Salaries depend on experience, skills, and specialization in frameworks like React.js, Next.js, or Vue.js.

Future of Frontend in India

The demand for frontend developers in India is booming due to:

Rise of Web & Mobile Apps – Businesses are investing heavily in digital platforms.

AI-Powered Interfaces – AI-driven user experiences are growing.

Web3 & Blockchain Integration – Decentralized apps (dApps) are on the rise.

Performance & Accessibility Focus – Speed and inclusivity are key priorities.

Remote Work Opportunities – Companies worldwide are hiring frontend developers remotely.

🚀 Frontend development is an exciting and future-proof career with endless opportunities!

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chimeraflowposter · 2 months ago

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The Art and Science of Website Development: Crafting Digital Experiences in the Modern Era

In the digital age, websites have become the cornerstone of online presence for businesses, organizations, and individuals alike. The process of website development is a complex interplay of design, functionality, and technology, requiring a deep understanding of both user needs and technical capabilities. From frontend design to backend infrastructure, every aspect of website development plays a crucial role in creating a seamless and engaging user experience. As the internet continues to evolve, so too do the tools and techniques used by developers to build websites that are not only visually appealing but also fast, secure, and scalable.

At the heart of website development lies the frontend, the part of the website that users interact with directly. This is where HTML, CSS, and JavaScript come into play, forming the building blocks of modern web design. HTML provides the structure of the page, CSS adds style and visual appeal, and JavaScript brings interactivity and dynamic content. Frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js have revolutionized frontend development, enabling developers to create complex, responsive, and highly interactive user interfaces. These frameworks leverage the concept of components, reusable pieces of code that can be combined to build intricate layouts and features. Additionally, responsive design ensures that websites look and function well on a variety of devices, from desktops to smartphones, using techniques like media queries and flexbox.

While the frontend is what users see, the backend is the engine that powers the website. This is where server-side logic, databases, and application programming interfaces (APIs) come into play. Backend development often involves languages like Python, Ruby, PHP, and Node.js, each offering its own set of advantages and use cases. For instance, Node.js is particularly well-suited for real-time applications, while Python is favored for its simplicity and versatility. Databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB, store and manage the data that fuels the website, from user profiles to product catalogs. APIs, on the other hand, enable communication between the frontend and backend, as well as integration with third-party services like payment gateways and social media platforms.

One of the most critical aspects of website development is performance optimization. Users expect websites to load quickly and run smoothly, and even a few seconds of delay can lead to higher bounce rates and lost revenue. Techniques like caching, minification, and lazy loading are commonly used to improve performance. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) distribute website content across multiple servers worldwide, reducing latency and ensuring fast load times for users regardless of their location. Additionally, image optimization and code splitting help reduce the size of assets and JavaScript bundles, further enhancing performance. Tools like Google Lighthouse and WebPageTest provide valuable insights into website performance, helping developers identify and address bottlenecks.

Security is another paramount concern in website development. With cyber threats on the rise, developers must implement robust security measures to protect user data and maintain trust. HTTPS is now a standard requirement, encrypting data transmitted between the user’s browser and the server. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) and SSL/TLS certificates add an extra layer of protection, safeguarding against attacks like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL injection. Regular security audits and penetration testing are essential for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring compliance with regulations like GDPR and PCI DSS. Furthermore, two-factor authentication (2FA) and secure password policies help protect user accounts from unauthorized access.

The rise of headless CMS and static site generators has introduced new possibilities for website development. A headless CMS separates the content management system from the frontend, allowing developers to use any technology stack to build the user interface. This approach offers greater flexibility and scalability, making it ideal for complex websites with diverse content needs. Static site generators like Gatsby and Jekyll pre-render pages at build time, resulting in faster load times and improved security. These tools are particularly well-suited for blogs, documentation sites, and other content-heavy websites.

In conclusion, website development is a multifaceted discipline that combines creativity, technical expertise, and strategic thinking. From frontend design and backend infrastructure to performance optimization and security, every aspect of the process plays a crucial role in creating a successful website. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, developers must stay abreast of emerging trends and technologies, from headless CMS to progressive web apps (PWAs), to deliver cutting-edge solutions that meet the needs of modern users. By mastering the art and science of website development, developers can create digital experiences that are not only visually stunning but also fast, secure, and scalable, ensuring their place at the forefront of the digital revolution.

Make order from us: @Heldcbm

Our portfolio: https://www.linkedin.com/company/chimeraflow

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