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Learn HTML and CSS: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners
Introduction to HTML and CSS
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are the core technologies for creating web pages. HTML provides the structure of the page, while CSS defines its style and layout. This guide aims to equip beginners with the essential knowledge to start building and designing web pages.
Why Learn HTML and CSS?
HTML and CSS are fundamental skills for web development. Whether you're looking to create personal websites, start a career in web development, or enhance your current skill set, understanding these technologies is crucial. They form the basis for more advanced languages and frameworks like JavaScript, React, and Angular.
Getting Started with HTML and CSS
To get started, you need a text editor and a web browser. Popular text editors include Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, and Atom. Browsers like Google Chrome, Firefox, and Safari are excellent for viewing and testing your web pages.
Basic HTML Structure
HTML documents have a basic structure composed of various elements and tags. Here’s a simple example:
html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Web Page</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to My Web Page</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph of text on my web page.</p>
</body>
</html>
: Declares the document type and HTML version.
: The root element of an HTML page.
: Contains meta-information about the document.
: Connects the HTML to an external CSS file.
: Contains the content of the web page.
Essential HTML Tags
HTML uses various tags to define different parts of a web page:
to : Headings of different levels.
: Paragraph of text.
: Anchor tag for hyperlinks.
: Embeds images.
: Defines divisions or sections.
: Inline container for text.
Creating Your First HTML Page
Follow these steps to create a simple HTML page:
Open your text editor.
Write the basic HTML structure as shown above.
Add a heading with the tag.
Add a paragraph with the tag.
Save the file with a .html extension (e.g., index.html).
Open the file in your web browser to view your web page.
Introduction to CSS
CSS is used to style and layout HTML elements. It can be included within the HTML file using the <style> tag or in a separate .css file linked with the <link> tag.
Basic CSS Syntax
CSS consists of selectors and declarations. Here’s an example:
css
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h1 {
color: blue;
font-size: 24px;
}
Selector (h1): Specifies the HTML element to be styled.
Declaration Block: Contains one or more declarations, each consisting of a property and a value.
Styling HTML with CSS
To style your HTML elements, you can use different selectors:
Element Selector: Styles all instances of an element.
Class Selector: Styles elements with a specific class.
ID Selector: Styles a single element with a specific ID.
Example:
html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Styled Page</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="main-heading">Hello, World!</h1>
<p id="intro">This is an introduction paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
In the styles.css file:
css
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.main-heading {
color: green;
text-align: center;
}
#intro {
font-size: 18px;
color: grey;
}
CSS Layout Techniques
CSS provides several layout techniques to design complex web pages:
Box Model: Defines the structure of an element’s content, padding, border, and margin.
Flexbox: A layout model for arranging items within a container, making it easier to design flexible responsive layouts.
Grid Layout: A two-dimensional layout system for more complex layouts.
Example of Flexbox:
css
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.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.item {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: lightblue;
}
Best Practices for Writing HTML and CSS
Semantic HTML: Use HTML tags that describe their meaning clearly (e.g., , , ).
Clean Code: Indent nested elements and use comments for better readability.
Validation: Use tools like the W3C Markup Validation Service to ensure your HTML and CSS are error-free and standards-compliant.
Accessibility: Make sure your website is accessible to all users, including those with disabilities, by using proper HTML tags and attributes.
Free Resources to Learn HTML and CSS
W3Schools: Comprehensive tutorials and references.
MDN Web Docs: Detailed documentation and guides for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Codecademy: Interactive courses on web development.
FreeCodeCamp: Extensive curriculum covering HTML, CSS, and more.
Khan Academy: Lessons on computer programming and web development.
FAQs about Learning HTML and CSS
Q: What is HTML and CSS? A: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) structures web pages, while CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) styles and layouts the web pages.
Q: Why should I learn HTML and CSS? A: Learning HTML and CSS is essential for creating websites, understanding web development frameworks, and progressing to more advanced programming languages.
Q: Do I need prior experience to learn HTML and CSS? A: No prior experience is required. HTML and CSS are beginner-friendly and easy to learn.
Q: How long does it take to learn HTML and CSS? A: The time varies depending on your learning pace. With consistent practice, you can grasp the basics in a few weeks.
Q: Can I create a website using only HTML and CSS? A: Yes, you can create a basic website. For more complex functionality, you'll need to learn JavaScript.
Q: What tools do I need to start learning HTML and CSS? A: You need a text editor (e.g., Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text) and a web browser (e.g., Google Chrome, Firefox).
Q: Are there free resources available to learn HTML and CSS? A: Yes, there are many free resources available online, including W3Schools, MDN Web Docs, Codecademy, FreeCodeCamp, and Khan Academy.
#how to learn html and css#html & css course#html & css tutorial#html and css#html course#html css tutorial#html learn#html learn website#learn html#learn html and css#html and css course#html and css full course#html and css online course#how to learn html and css for beginners
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I love you indie web I love you Neocities I love you hobby sites held together with duct tape I love you passion I love you whimsy I love you joy
And I am killing SEO with hammers. It’s for the greater good >:3
#woe be upon the employers who try to get me to code things#the adhd brain is inefficient by nature and the dyscalculia brain hates javascript with a passion#and i know jack shit about algorithms. and that’s how i like it#i have my neocities for fun which means the hours spent coding it are never wasted#but at work#inefficiency might as well be a crime#and if i cannot waffle about and be confused for hours the end product will suffer as a result#my neocities is for me bc i thought learning HTML and CSS sounded fun#and it is!#it would not be fun if my creativity was stifled by the SEO popularity contest#my site looks like ass and I’m having a great time#many thanks to whoever’s post abt neocities crossed my dash on that fateful day#i remember you fondly#though i do not know your name#neocities ily#neocities#indie web#static sites#static website#static websites#hobby websites#personal websites#hobbies#if sad check this tag
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thinking of writing a fanfic of vincent coming out as intersex after a Long reign of the papacy......
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i'm not a DNI person but actually do not fw me if you're like this
#what a pretentious POS#fuck gatekeeping!!! if you wanna use the sadgrl layout do it!!#if you wanna collect blinkies and buttons from gifcities DO IT!!#gatekeeping fucking OLD WEB DESIGN is LOSER BEHAVIOR and will NOT be tolerated at melis industries#newsflash - my neocities is based on the sadgrl layout#heavily modified and customized#BUT is has helped me learn CSS and HTML!!! it is a GODSEND!#sadgrl and yesterweb in general is a GODSEND!!#i've looked at how people create navigation buttons and other components#and applied these tactics to my own site!#old web is about taking inspiration from each other!!!#FUCK this commenter!
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i need to learn 3d modelling so that more than anything my power to mod persona 4 golden can grow
#rambles#modding#the thing is i'm SO BAD at following tutorials#i've always learned better by doing my own thing. messing around with whatever tool it is until it works#but that isn't really something i can do with 3d modelling.#or at least it's not something i can do at a total beginner level. i imagine it'll be kinda like how i learned coding#(did a couple free online classes and once i learned the very basics/got bored i just did my own thing)#but i started THAT when i was like 14. i wanna be as good at blender as i am with html/css NOW!!!!!!#<- is not even that good w html#<- because of the aforementioned ''hates taking classes on this kind of thing'' thing
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Flash Was Killed Because It Was Objectively Dangerous
I get it, I get the Flash nostalgia and the fondness for old Flash games. I was big on Neopets before they decided to ruin the art and make all the pets samey paper dolls to play dressup with (completely ruining the point of the far more expensive "redraw" colors like Mutant and Faerie and Desert). I have fond memories of Newgrounds games and I even managed to take a class for a semester in high school where I could learn flash.
But I also remember how terrible it was. And you should too.
Leaving aside all of the issues involving performance and inaccessibility (such as being easily broken by bog-standard browser actions like the back button, and its ability to modify web code AND OS code in real time likely broke a lot of accessibility tech too), Flash was legitimately one of the most dangerous web technologies for the end user. An end-user is you, or more specifically back then, child-you.
According to Wikipedia and its sources, Flash Player has over a thousand vulnerabilities known and listed and over 800 of these lead to arbitrary code execution.
What is arbitrary code execution? That's when someone can just run any commands they want on a machine or program that didn't intend it. A fun way to see this is in this infamous Pokemon tool-assisted speedrun where they manage to get an SNES to show the host's twitch chat in real time. It's not so fun though when it's someone stealing all the files on your computer, grabbing your credentials so they could clean out your Neopets account (yes, really, it was a pretty common concern at the time), and other nefarious works. Also, there was a time where it allowed people to spy on you with your webcam and microphone.
Oh and on top of all of this, Flash had its own "flash cookies", which could not be cleared by ordinary means and thus could be used to track users indefinitely, at least until Adobe slapped a bandaid over it by introducing yet another screen an ordinary person wouldn't know to use. (I assume this is how the infamous neopets "cookie grabbers" worked, so they could get into your account. This is mainly what I remember about using Flash back in the early 2000s lol) So it not only was a "stranger taking over your machine" concern, but a bog-standard privacy concern too, arguably a precursor to our current panopticon internet landscape, where greedy websites would track you because they could and maybe get some money out of it, facilitated by this technology.
When Apple decided to block it, it wasn't out of greed; Steve Jobs cited its abysmal performance and security record, among other issues such as an inherent lack of touchscreen support, and Apple cited specific vulnerability use-cases when blocking specific versions before they nuked it entirely. When Mozilla, who makes Firefox, decided to block it, it's not like they would've gotten money out of doing so, or by offering an alternative; they did so because it is fucking dangerous.
Your ire and nostalgia is misplaced. Flash was not killed by our current shitty web practices that ruin unique spaces and fun games. Flash was killed because both Macromedia (its original developers) and Adobe were incapable of making it safe, if that was even possible, and it was killed after third-parties, in an unprecedented gesture, collectively threw their hands up and said enough.
Well, that and HTML5 being developed and becoming more widespread, being able to do everything Flash can do without being a pox on technology. One could argue that you should bemoan the lack of Flash-to-HTML5 conversion efforts, but that requires asking a lot of effort of people who would have to do that shit for free...and if they have to run Flash to do so, opening themselves up to some of the nastiest exploits on the internet.
Nostalgia is a fucking liar. The games themselves I think are worth having nostalgia over (look, I still find myself pining for that one bullet hell Neopets made and Hannah and the Pirate Caves), but Flash itself deserves none of that, and absolutely deserved to be put in the fucking ground. You're blaming the wrong causes. It was terrible.
(specifics and sources found via its wikipedia page, which has a lot more than is mentioned here. and also my own opinions and experiences back then. lol)
#flash#nostalgia really is a liar#don't trust it#technology#yet another instance of my unfettered autism#adobe flash#macromedia flash#the old web#I was there gandalf three thousand years ago lmao#personal context: I am now a software QA that tests web apps#and when I was a child I was absolutely a neopets addict and am on Subeta TO THIS DAY#I learned HTML and CSS when I was 12#largely to spruce up my Neopets profile#I have been on the internet A While now#(I understand how ironic it is given that my tumblr layout is kind of shit; I will fix it soon)
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Oh yeah yesterday I went to my C programming professor's office hours to ask about what's being covered in class tomorrow. Since I can't go bc of my PT appointment overlapping with it & I'm apparently the kind of student that cares about attending every single class now.
While I was there, I ended up chatting with him about a few things, including my current standing in the class. He asked what I got on the midterm exam, & I answered it was an 87, and he told me I was one of the top 5 or 6 scores in the Whole Class (this being a like. Maybe 70 or so person class). Top score was a 92 or 93 (idr lol) & the class average was a 72. Apparently there were a few of us in the upper 80s/lower 90s, but most people got 70s or lower. And once he does the curve on the exam, he said I'd probably end up with a 97 or so on the exam. So yay!!!
And then he told me how he's noticed how I come to class every day and am really active with taking notes and answering questions. Bc I also sit up front all the time lmao. Hadn't even realized how much of a damned teacher's pet I've been being, but I've been Trying to be a good student this year. But he said I was the type of student that if I got an 88% or smth in the class, he'd likely bump me up to a 90% so I'd get an A lol. But he also said so long as I keep up with how I have been, I could possibly get a 100% in the class by the end (bc I've been there for all the extra credit questions in class and whatever).
And just. I went there bc I wanted to make sure I didn't miss anything important in class on Wednesday, and I ended up having my ego stroked for Real. Felt good to have my efforts be recognized.
#speculation nation#now if only i could care that much for my web coding class. but oh well im still keeping up even if its a reluctant shamble much of the time#other stuff we talked about was how im graduating this semester & how i plan to stay in indiana to work#bc i have family here & i like the relatively low cost of living. & im not particularly ambitious.#just wanna make enough money to live comfortably. dont need anything fancy beyond that.#& he talked about how that's a good outlook in life. how he's known ppl who went to fuckin silicon valley or whatever#with high paying jobs. but the cost of living is so high that theyre effectively not making much more money than here#he said smth about like. a $70k salary has just as much strength here than a $120k salary there. smth around those#& he praised me on how i seem genuine and hard-working. so he thinks im gonna do just fine in the industry 🥺🥺🥺#i kinda wanted to keep chatting with him but i had to go to bowling class lol. ended up late to it even#bc i checked my phone for the time while chatting and went Oh Fuck bc it wss 1 min after the class started hfkshfks had to rush off then#but yeah makes me feel very nice about that class. i think it rly is my favorite class this semester.#web programming is pretty rewarding and im glad im taking it. but i was basically a complete newbie in html css and javascript#so ive spent quite a lot of time wanting to tear out my fucking HAIR over these labs. b4 it clicks and im like Haha yayy :3#i like C programming bc it's just so much more logical and regimented. it IS the language that got me to give up my engineering degree#since i was thinking about computer engineering. took my first coding class freshman year. and went 'i love this. i want to do CS now'#didnt do that obviously. but im happy where ive ended up. i wouldnt wanna be a programmer lol#and then my quality engineering in IT class. it's certainly engaging. it's the class i constantly have presentations in tho#had Another one this morning. blah! good to keep in practice but i still dont rly enjoy public speaking lmao#probably the most work intensive of my classes. interesting but Blegh#C programming i just keep up with the labs and do the exams and it's wonderful... so logical and comforting...#oh yeah web programming i also have a few presentations. also gotta fucking. code my project pages by next week 😭😭😭#i think it's just the html and css? no javascript yet. thank god. javascript is by far the hardest to learn#but css is so finicky too!!!! ive been struggling with trying to move these fucking input boxes around#i wanna have them on the right!! but they wont go there!!! gotta poke at it more. at least i managed to finish building the form.#still have to finish the lab tho. that was due 2 days ago. lol. also have another one due sunday. AND the project pages. gah!!!#they havent even graded the wireframes yet. i wanted their feedback b4 proceeding to coding >:( oh well#anyways yeah..im keeping busy lol
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I know I'll immediately get in over my head but I sort of want to make a Trollian client workskin for AO3.
#txt#this is a terrible idea#i am very very new to css and html#but theres only one way to learn#and this is essentially how ive learned how to code everything in the past#so why not?
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you guys are making your stamps far too big. that’s all i’m gonna say.
#scrawny rambles#i go on here and it’s like 700 pixel tall stamps. that’s not how we do it here#“you can resize it. it’s easy to resize in html/css” i don’t care. they UNNERVE me. it’s like if people were making 88x31 buttons 400x140#you must learn to live with the shit quality you get from resizing a 500+ pixels big image to 90-something like god intended#non serious do whatever
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how did you go about doing the navigation links on your neocities? it's really neat!
MY NEOCITIES... i really need to add more to that. every so often i remember it exists. anyway
the sidebar and main text, first of all, are two containers in the simplest possible flexbox container (the css for it just has 'display: flex' and nothing else). very useful, i love flexbox. if you haven't used it before, i'd recommend looking into it! loads of examples and guides out there. (there's also css grid, but i've never used it)
the navigation itself in the html is very simple, basically a list of links.. not actually a list, just separate 'paragraphs'. (which i have to update on every page every time i add/rename/remove another page..) additional thought: i think mayyybe if i used a flexbox container for the links themselves it'd be easier to make it so the navigation turns horizontal (and along the top) instead of vertical when the screen is small enough? or something with inline blocks maybe. i haven't gotten around to trying any of that though
back on topic, the symbol before each link and the translucent 'label' on hover is from the css, like this
so basically the 'label' sticking out is, like, an offset background? and also the current page link gets a custom class that gives it the same formatting as the hover text
i think that's everything, i'm not great at actually explaining how i did stuff so i hope this is helpful haha
#honestly when i was making it i... mostly just looked through the mdn web docs#and clicked on whatever interesting selectors/attributes/etc. i thought i might use#that's pretty much the main way i learn html/css.. trying out whatever might look good and learning how to use it lol
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Only a week of WordPress and I'm already remembering why I stopped the first time, this shit is literally soul sucking I fucking hate it
#it's the most boring type of development existing probably#but grinding my teeth because this is the second quickest way i have to make money#ugh i also have to learn how to do ios app development because of my father's client#i hope the language used for that is better than apple's shitty computers#i miss kotlin that's a serious language that requires brain to use not this stupid mix of html and php that i detest#also fuck css i find it so unpleasant for some reason
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Responsive Website Layout
#responsivedesign#responsive web layout#responsive web design#how to create a website#create a website#make a website#html css#divinector#learn to code#code#frontenddevelopment#css#html#css3#webdesign
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update i did not, in fact, fail my final
also i’m making a neocities site
#i have no idea how CSS works but#i partially learned HTML earlier this year and now i’ve relearned what i forgot about#plus a bit more#html#css#neocities
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i'm going to learn how to make things so i can better figure out how to break and rebuild
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bitches stepping into the front of web development only to look around for one second and immediately pull out <div class="GET ME THE FUCK OUT OF HERE" id="SUFFERING">HELP FOR GOD'S SAKE</div> with .GET ME THE FUCK OUT OF HERE { width:1px; height: 1px; } and #SUFFERING { background-image:url(https://www.hellscape.com/gifs/elmohellflame.gif) center no-repeat; }
#it's me i'm bitches#sy.txt#OH HOW I WISH ONE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE EXISTED!#INSTEAD OF HAVING TO JUGGLE ITALIAN LATIN ANCIENT MAYAN ARABIC AND GERMAN ALL AT ONCE#(joker voice) YOU SEE. BATMAN. HTML AND CSS ARE REALLY YOUR TWO BEST FRIENDS FOREVER#BUT IF YOU WANNA GIT GUD YOU GOTTA LEARN ABOUT THEIR DEAR COUSINS THAT ARE STORED IN THE WALLETS WITH 50 PICTURES ROLLING OUT!#ive been binging urban rescue ranch for like 9 hours straight today and i did not regret it#thougj i am going insane
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Fuuuuck I've been working on an HTML fanfic for hours and just realized like, halfway through my fic that the way I've formatted it isn't compatible with AO3, so I have to go back and transfer a bunch of my stuff to css (and then make a work skin with it) to format it the way I want.
#on the bright side#this has been a great learning moment for me#ive learned how to code the HTML faster AND how to better utilize css and classes in HTML#so yaaaaaayyy for progress and learning!!#but boooooo for backtracking on work!!
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