#oauth2 spring boot microservices

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YouTube Short | What is Difference Between OAuth2 and SAML | Quick Guide to SAML Vs OAuth2

Hi, a short #video on #oauth2 Vs #SAML #authentication & #authorization is published on #codeonedigest #youtube channel. Learn OAuth2 and SAML in 1 minute. #saml #oauth #oauth2 #samlvsoauth2 #samlvsoauth

What is SAML? SAML is an acronym used to describe the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML). Its primary role in online security is that it enables you to access multiple web applications using single sign-on (SSO). What is OAuth2?  OAuth2 is an open-standard authorization protocol or framework that provides applications the ability for “secure designated access.” OAuth2 doesn’t share…

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From Monolithic to Microservices: The Full Stack Developer's Guide 

In software development, the transition from monolithic to microservices architecture represents a major advancement. Because of their coupled components, monolithic programs can have trouble growing and changing to meet evolving business requirements. By dividing applications into smaller, independent services that can be built, deployed, and scaled separately, microservices offer a more adaptable and modular approach. Comprehending this shift is essential for Full Stack Developers to create contemporary, expandable applications. This article offers a thorough how-to for switching from monolithic to microservices architecture, outlining the advantages, difficulties, and recommended procedures for a smooth transfer. 

Why Shift from Monolithic to Microservices?  

Monolithic applications can be difficult to maintain and scale due to their tightly coupled architecture. As applications grow, these challenges multiply, leading to longer development cycles and increased operational costs. Microservices offer a modular approach, allowing individual services to be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. This results in faster release cycles, better fault isolation, and improved scalability. For Full Stack Developers, mastering microservices architecture means being able to build applications that can easily adapt to changing business requirements.  

Key Considerations for a Successful Transition: 

Transitioning from monolithic to microservices is not without challenges. Developers need to consider factors such as service granularity, data management, and inter-service communication. Defining the right level of granularity is crucial to avoid creating too many or too few services. Similarly, managing data consistency across multiple services requires a robust strategy, such as using event-driven architectures or implementing a Saga pattern. Understanding these key considerations will help developers navigate the complexities of microservices architecture. 

Choosing the Right Tools and Frameworks:  

Selecting the right tools and frameworks is critical for a smooth transition to microservices. Developers need to choose container orchestration tools like Kubernetes for deploying and managing microservices. Additionally, frameworks like Spring Boot for Java, Express.js for Node.js, and Flask for Python offer built-in support for microservices development. Familiarity with API gateways, such as NGINX or Kong, is also essential for managing communication between services. 

Ensuring Security in a Microservices Architecture:  

Security in a microservices architecture can be challenging due to the increased number of endpoints. Developers must implement strong authentication and authorization mechanisms, such as OAuth2 and JWT tokens, to secure communications between services. Additionally, monitoring and logging tools like Prometheus and Grafana can help detect and respond to security threats in real-time. 

There are several advantages of switching from monolithic to microservices design, such as increased scalability, flexibility, and quicker release cycles. It does, however, also bring difficulties that call for meticulous preparation and implementation. Full Stack Developers may effectively manage this transformation by being aware of the principal factors, selecting the appropriate tools, and putting strong security measures in place. Developers may create more durable and adaptive modern apps by embracing microservices, which will help them stay competitive in the rapidly changing IT industry. 

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How to Implement Java Microservices Architecture

Implementing a microservices architecture in Java is a strategic decision that can have significant benefits for your application, such as improved scalability, flexibility, and maintainability. Here's a guide to help you embark on this journey.

1. Understand the Basics

Before diving into the implementation, it's crucial to understand what microservices are. Microservices architecture is a method of developing software systems that focuses on building single-function modules with well-defined interfaces and operations. These modules, or microservices, are independently deployable and scalable.

2. Design Your Microservices

Identify Business Capabilities

Break down your application based on business functionalities.

Each microservice should represent a single business capability.

Define Service Boundaries

Ensure that each microservice is loosely coupled and highly cohesive.

Avoid too many dependencies between services.

3. Choose the Right Tools and Technologies

Java Frameworks

Spring Boot: Popular for building stand-alone, production-grade Spring-based applications.

Dropwizard: Useful for rapid development of RESTful web services.

Micronaut: Great for building modular, easily testable microservices.

Containerization

Docker: Essential for creating, deploying, and running microservices in isolated environments.

Kubernetes: A powerful system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

Database

Use a database per service pattern. Each microservice should have its private database to ensure loose coupling.

4. Develop Your Microservices

Implement RESTful Services

Use Spring Boot to create RESTful services due to its simplicity and power.

Ensure API versioning to manage changes without breaking clients.

Asynchronous Communication

Implement asynchronous communication, especially for long-running or resource-intensive tasks.

Use message queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka for reliable, scalable, and asynchronous communication between microservices.

Build and Deployment

Automate build and deployment processes using CI/CD tools like Jenkins or GitLab CI.

Implement blue-green deployment or canary releases to reduce downtime and risk.

5. Service Discovery and Configuration

Service Discovery

Use tools like Netflix Eureka for managing and discovering microservices in a distributed system.

Configuration Management

Centralize configuration management using tools like Spring Cloud Config.

Store configuration in a version-controlled repository for auditability and rollback purposes.

6. Monitoring and Logging

Implement centralized logging using ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) for easier debugging and monitoring.

Use Prometheus and Grafana for monitoring metrics and setting up alerts.

7. Security

Implement API gateways like Zuul or Spring Cloud Gateway for security, monitoring, and resilience.

Use OAuth2 and JWT for secure, stateless authentication and authorization.

8. Testing

Write unit and integration tests for each microservice.

Implement contract testing to ensure APIs meet the contract expected by clients.

9. Documentation

Document your APIs using tools like Swagger or OpenAPI. This helps in maintaining clarity about service endpoints and their purposes.

Conclusion

Implementing a Java microservices architecture can significantly enhance your application's scalability, flexibility, and maintainability. However, the complexity and technical expertise required can be considerable. Hire Java developers or avail Java development services can be pivotal in navigating this transition successfully. They bring the necessary expertise in Java frameworks and microservices best practices to ensure your project's success. Ready to transform your application architecture? Reach out to professional Java development services from top java companies today and take the first step towards a robust, scalable microservice architecture.

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Top Advantages of Hiring a Java Spring Boot Developers For Your Business:

Hiring a Java Spring Boot developer for your project can bring numerous advantages and benefits. 

Listed below are some of the top advantages of hiring a Java Spring Boot developer and explain why they are valuable for your project.

Robust and Efficient Development: 

Java Spring Boot is a powerful and mature framework that provides a comprehensive set of features for developing enterprise-grade applications. Hiring a Java Spring Boot developer ensures that your project will benefit from the robustness and efficiency of the framework. Spring Boot offers built-in support for many common tasks, such as dependency management, configuration, and auto-configuration, which accelerates development and reduces boilerplate code.

Rapid Application Development: 

Spring Boot promotes rapid application development by providing a convention-over-configuration approach. It reduces the need for manual configuration and eliminates much of the boilerplate code, allowing developers to focus on implementing business logic. With Spring Boot, developers can quickly set up a project, leverage the extensive library of reusable components (such as security, database access, and web services), and build applications rapidly.

Microservices Architecture:

 Java Spring Boot is well-suited for developing microservices-based architectures. Microservices promote the development of loosely coupled, independently deployable components, which can be beneficial for scalability, maintainability, and fault isolation. Spring Boot provides the necessary features for building microservices, such as embedded servers, lightweight containers, and easy integration with other Spring projects like Spring Cloud and Spring Cloud Netflix.

Broad Community and Ecosystem:

 Spring Boot has a large and vibrant community of developers, which means there is ample support, resources, and knowledge available. The Spring community actively contributes to the framework's development and provides valuable libraries, extensions, and integrations. By hiring a Spring Boot developer, you gain access to this extensive ecosystem, enabling you to leverage existing solutions, troubleshoot issues effectively, and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices.

Robust Testing and Debugging Capabilities: 

Java Spring Boot encourages the use of test-driven development and provides excellent support for testing. The framework includes testing utilities, such as the Spring Test Framework and JUnit integration, which allow developers to write comprehensive unit, integration, and end-to-end tests. Additionally, Spring Boot's built-in logging and debugging capabilities aid developers in diagnosing and resolving issues efficiently.

Scalability and Performance: 

Java Spring Boot applications can be easily scaled to handle increased load and demand. The framework supports horizontal scaling by deploying multiple instances of an application, and it provides integration with cloud platforms, containerization technologies like Docker, and orchestration tools like Kubernetes. Spring Boot also offers features like caching, connection pooling, and asynchronous processing, which contribute to improved application performance.

Security and Reliability: 

Spring Boot emphasizes security and provides robust mechanisms for implementing authentication, authorization, and secure communication. The framework integrates well with industry-standard security protocols and frameworks, such as OAuth2, JWT, and Spring Security. By hiring a Spring Boot developer, you ensure that your application follows security best practices and can withstand potential threats, thus enhancing the overall reliability of your project.

Maintenance and Support: 

Java Spring Boot promotes maintainable code by encouraging modular and well-structured designs. It follows established design patterns and coding principles, which simplifies future enhancements, bug fixes, and maintenance tasks. Furthermore, the Spring community provides regular updates, bug fixes, and long-term support for major releases, ensuring that your application remains compatible and secure in the long run.

Cross-platform Compatibility: 

Java Spring Boot applications are platform-independent and can run on various operating systems and environments. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) allows Spring Boot applications to be deployed on Windows, Linux, macOS, and other platforms without the need for major modifications. This cross-platform compatibility ensures that your application can reach a wide audience and adapt to different deployment scenarios.

Industry Adoption and Job Market: 

Java Spring Boot is widely adopted in the industry, and many organizations rely on it for their critical applications. By hiring a Java Spring Boot developer, you align your project with a proven technology stack that is trusted and supported by numerous enterprises. Additionally, from a hiring perspective, there is a considerable pool of experienced Java Spring Boot developers available in the job market, making it easier to find skilled professionals for your project.

In conclusion, hiring a Java Spring Boot developer brings a multitude of advantages to your project, including robust development, rapid application development, support for microservices architecture, a broad community and ecosystem, testing and debugging capabilities, scalability and performance, security and reliability, ease of maintenance, cross-platform compatibility, and industry adoption. These advantages contribute to efficient development, high-quality applications, and the ability to adapt and scale as your project evolves.

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(Via: Hacker News)

Today’s developers are expected to develop resilient and scalable distributed systems. Systems that are easy to patch in the face of security concerns and easy to do low-risk incremental upgrades. Systems that benefit from software reuse and innovation of the open source model. Achieving all of this for different languages, using a variety of application frameworks with embedded libraries is not possible.

Recently I’ve blogged about “Multi-Runtime Microservices Architecture” where I have explored the needs of distributed systems such as lifecycle management, advanced networking, resource binding, state abstraction and how these abstractions have been changing over the years. I also spoke about “The Evolution of Distributed Systems on Kubernetes” covering how Kubernetes Operators and the sidecar model are acting as the primary innovation mechanisms for delivering the same distributed system primitives.

On both occasions, the main takeaway is the prediction that the progression of software application architectures on Kubernetes moves towards the sidecar model managed by operators. Sidecars and operators could become a mainstream software distribution and consumption model and in some cases even replace software libraries and frameworks as we are used to.

The sidecar model allows the composition of applications written in different languages to deliver joint value, faster and without the runtime coupling. Let’s see a few concrete examples of sidecars and operators, and then we will explore how this new software composition paradigm could impact us.

Out-of-Process Smarts on the Rise

In Kubernetes, a sidecar is one of the core design patterns achieved easily by organizing multiple containers in a single Pod. The Pod construct ensures that the containers are always placed on the same node and can cooperate by interacting over networking, file system or other IPC methods. And operators allow the automation, management and integration of the sidecars with the rest of the platform. The sidecars represent a language-agnostic, scalable data plane offering distributed primitives to custom applications. And the operators represent their centralized management and control plane.

Let’s look at a few popular manifestations of the sidecar model.

Envoy

Service Meshes such as Istio, Consul, and others are using transparent service proxies such as Envoy for delivering enhanced networking capabilities for distributed systems. Envoy can improve security, it enables advanced traffic management, improves resilience, adds deep monitoring and tracing features. Not only that, it understands more and more Layer 7 protocols such as Redis, MongoDB, MySQL and most recently Kafka. It also added response caching capabilities and even WebAssembly support that will enable all kinds of custom plugins. Envoy is an example of how a transparent service proxy adds advanced networking capabilities to a distributed system without including them into the runtime of the distributed application components.

Skupper

In addition to the typical service mesh, there are also projects, such as Skupper, that ship application networking capabilities through an external agent. Skupper solves multicluster Kubernetes communication challenges through a Layer 7 virtual network and offers advanced routing and connectivity capabilities. But rather than embedding Skupper into the business service runtime, it runs an instance per Kubernetes namespace which acts as a shared sidecar.

Cloudstate

Cloudstate is another example of the sidecar model, but this time for providing stateful abstractions for the serverless development model. It offers stateful primitives over GRPC for EventSourcing, CQRS, Pub/Sub, Key/Value stores and other use cases. Again, it an example of sidecars and operators in action but this time for the serverless programming model.

Dapr

Dapr is a relatively young project started by Microsoft, and it is also using the sidecar model for providing developer-focused distributed system primitives. Dapr offers abstractions for state management, service invocation and fault handling, resource bindings, pub/sub, distributed tracing and others. Even though there is some overlap in the capabilities provided by Dapr and Service Mesh, both are very different in nature. Envoy with Istio is injected and runs transparently from the service and represents an operational tool. Dapr, on the other hand, has to be called explicitly from the application runtime over HTTP or gRPC and it is an explicit sidecar targeted for developers. It is a library for distributed primitives that is distributed and consumed as a sidecar, a model that may become very attractive for developers consuming distributed capabilities.

Camel K

Apache Camel is a mature integration library that rediscovers itself on Kubernetes. Its subproject Camel K uses heavily the operator model to improve the developer experience and integrate deeply with the Kubernetes platform. While Camel K does not rely on a sidecar, through its CLI and operator it is able to reuse the same application container and execute any local code modification in a remote Kubernetes cluster in less than a second. This is another example of developer-targeted software consumption through the operator model.

More to Come

And these are only some of the pioneer projects exploring various approaches through sidecars and operators. There is more work being done to reduce the networking overhead introduced by container-based distributed architectures such as the data plane development kit (DPDK), which is a userspace application that bypasses the layers of the Linux kernel networking stack and access directly to the network hardware. There is work in the Kubernetes project to create sidecar containers with more granular lifecycle guarantees. There are new Java projects based on GraalVM implementation such as Quarkus that reduce the resource consumption and application startup time which makes more workloads attractive for sidecars. All of these innovations will make the side-car model more attractive and enable the creation of even more such projects.

Sidecars providing distributed systems primitives

I’d not be surprised to see projects coming up around more specific use cases such as stateful orchestration of long-running processes such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) engines in sidecars. Job schedulers in sidecars. Stateless integration engines i.e. Enterprise Integration Patterns implementations in sidecars. Data abstractions and data federation engines in sidecars. OAuth2/OpenID proxy in sidecars. Scalable database connection pools for serverless workloads in sidecars. Application networks as sidecars, etc. But why would software vendors and developers switch to this model? Let’s see a few of the benefits it provides.

Runtimes with Control Planes over Libraries

If you are a software vendor today, probably you have already considered offering your software to potential users as an API or a SaaS-based solution. This is the fastest software consumption model and a no-brainer to offer, when possible. Depending on the nature of the software you may be also distributing your software as a library or a runtime framework. Maybe it is time to consider if it can be offered as a container with an operator too. This mechanism of distributing software and the resulting architecture has some very unique benefits that the library mechanism cannot offer.

Supporting Polyglot Consumers

By offering libraries to be consumable through open protocols and standards, you open them up for all programming languages. A library that runs as a sidecar and consumable over HTTP, using a text format such as JSON does not require any specific client runtime library. Even when gRPC and Protobuf are used for low-latency and high-performance interactions, it is still easier to generate such clients than including third party custom libraries in the application runtime and implement certain interfaces.

Application Architecture Agnostic

The explicit sidecar architecture (as opposed to the transparent one) is a way of software capability consumption as a separate runtime behind a developer-focused API. It is an orthogonal feature that can be added to any application whether that is monolithic, microservices, functions-based, actor-based or anything in between. It can sit next to a monolith in a less dynamic environment, or next to every microservice in a dynamic cloud-based environment. It is trivial to create sidecars on Kubernetes, and doable on many other software orchestration platforms too.

Tolerant to Release Impedance Mismatch

Business logic is always custom and developed in house. Distributed system primitives are well-known commodity features, and consumed off-the-shelf as either platform features or runtime libraries. You might be consuming software for state abstractions, messaging clients, networking resiliency and monitoring libraries, etc. from third-party open source projects or companies. And these third party entities have their release cycles, critical fixes, CVE patches that impact your software release cycles too. When third party libraries are consumed as a separate runtime (sidecar), the upgrade process is simpler as it is behind an API and it is not coupled with your application runtime. The release impedance mismatch between your team and the consumed 3rd party libraries vendors becomes easier to manage.

Control Plane Included Mentality

When a feature is consumed as a library, it is included in your application runtime and it becomes your responsibility to understand how it works, how to configure, monitor, tune and upgrade. That is because the language runtimes (such as the JVM) and the runtime frameworks (such as Spring Boot or application servers) dictate how a third-party library can be included, configured, monitored and upgraded. When a software capability is consumed as a separate runtime (such as a sidecar or standalone container) it comes with its own control plane in the form of a Kubernetes operator.

That has a lot of benefits as the control plane understands the software it manages (the operand) and comes with all the necessary management intelligence that otherwise would be distributed as documentation and best practices. What’s more, operators also integrate deeply with Kubernetes and offer a unique blend of platform integration and operand management intelligence out-of-the-box. Operators are created by the same developers who are creating the operands, they understand the internals of the containerized features and know how to operate the best. Operators are executables SREs in containers, and the number of operators and their capabilities are increasing steadily with more operators and marketplaces coming up.

Software Distribution and Consumption in the Future

Software Distributed as Sidecars with Control Planes

Let’s say you are a software provider of a Java framework. You may distribute it as an archive or a Maven artifact. Maybe you have gone a step further and you distribute a container image. In either case, in today’s cloud-native world, that is not good enough. The users still have to know how to patch and upgrade a running application with zero downtime. They have to know what to backup and restore its state. They have to know how to configure their monitoring and alerting thresholds. They have to know how to detect and recover from complex failures. They have to know how to tune an application based on the current load profile.

In all of these and similar scenarios, intelligent control planes in the form of Kubernetes operators are the answer. An operator encapsulates platform and domain knowledge of an application in a declaratively configured component to manage the workload.

Sidecars and operators could become a mainstream software distribution and consumption model and in some cases even replace software libraries and frameworks as we are used to.

Let’s assume that you are providing a software library that is included in the consumer applications as a dependency. Maybe it is the client-side library of the backend framework described above. If it is in Java, for example, you may have certified it to run it on a JEE server, provided Spring Boot Starters, Builders, Factories, and other implementations that are all hidden behind a clean Java interface. You may have even backported it to .Net too.

With Kubernetes operators and sidecars all of that is hidden from the consumer. The factory classes are replaced by the operator, and the only configuration interface is a YAML file for the custom resource. The operator is then responsible for configuring the software and the platform so that users can consume it as an explicit sidecar, or a transparent proxy. In all cases, your application is available for consumption over remote API and fully integrated with the platform features and even other dependent operators. Let’s see how that happens.

Software Consumed over Remote APIs Rather than Embedded Libraries

One way to think about sidecars is similar to the composition over inheritance principle in OOP, but in a polyglot context. It is a different way of organizing the application responsibilities by composing capabilities from different processes rather than including them into a single application runtime as dependencies. When you consume software as a library, you instantiate a class, call its methods by passing some value objects. When you consume it as an out-of-process capability, you access a local process. In this model, methods are replaced with APIs, in-process methods invocation with HTTP or gRPC invocations, and value objects with something like CloudEvents. This is a change from application servers to Kubernetes as the distributed runtime. A change from language-specific interfaces, to remote APIs. From in-memory calls to HTTP, from value objects to CloudEvents, etc.

This requires software providers to distribute containers and controllers to operate them. To create IDEs that are capable of building and debugging multiple runtime services locally. CLIs for quickly deploying code changes into Kubernetes and configuring the control planes. Compilers that can decide what to compile in a custom application runtime, what capabilities to consume from a sidecar and what from the orchestration platform.

Software consumers and providers ecosystem

In the longer term, this will lead to the consolidation of standardized APIs that are used for the consumption of common primitives in sidecars. Rather than language-specific standards and APIs we will have polyglot APIs. For example, rather than Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API, caching API for Java (JCache), Java Persistence API (JPA), we will have polyglot APIs over HTTP using something like CloudEvents. Sidecar centric APIs for messaging, caching, reliable networking, cron jobs and timer scheduling, resource bindings (connectors to other APIs, protocols), idempotency, SAGAs, etc. And all of these capabilities will be delivered with the management layer included in the form of operators and even wrapped with self-service UIs. The operators are key enablers here as they will make this even more distributed architecture easy to manage and self-operate on Kubernetes. The management interface of the operator is defined by the CustomResourceDefinition and represents another public-facing API that remains application-specific.

This is a big shift in mentality to a different way of distributing and consuming software, driven by the speed of delivery and operability. It is a shift from a single runtime to multi runtime application architectures. It is a shift similar to what the hardware industry had to go through from single-core to multicore platforms when Moore’s law ended. It is a shift that is slowly happening by building all the elements of the puzzle: we have uniformly adopted and standardized containers, we have a de facto standard for orchestration through Kubernetes, possibly improved sidecars coming soon, rapid operators adoption, CloudEvents as a widely agreed standard, light runtimes such as Quarkus, etc. With the foundation in place, applications, productivity tools, practices, standardized APIs, and ecosystem will come too.

This post was originally published at ​The New Stack here.