#pezdek

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

It's National Pumpkin Day! 🎃

National Pumpkin Day 🎃 is celebrated on October 26th 🗓 every year to give thanks for that squash cultivator that is such an integral part of American Culture. 🇺🇸

Did You Know These Facts About Pumpkins: 🤔🎃

✔️ The largest pumpkin weighed 1,140 pounds

✔️ The largest pumpkin pie was 5 feet in diameter and weighed 350 pounds

✔️ The largest pumpkin pie used 80 pounds of cooked pumpkin, 12 dozen eggs, and 36 pounds of sugar

✔️ The largest pumpkin pie took 6 hours to bake

✔️ Pumpkins contain Vitamin A and potassium

✔️ Pumpkins are 90% water

Have a Fun-Filled Pumpkin Day! 🎃🥧

[nigthbreed]

Identification? Hallucination? Falsification.

“The great enemy of truth is very often not the lie, deliberate, contrived and dishonest, but the myth, persistent, persuasive and unrealistic.”

JFK

For the purpose of this article I will be referring to the expert witness statement of Dr Kathy Pezdek, document 16-7 from the Federal Petition of the Writ of Habeas Corpus, filed by the Federal Defenders Office 17th December 2008.

For ease of clarity when discussing the tainted line up procedure, I will briefly mention the events that led up to it. Those events will be comprehensively covered in a later article.

Police sketch released August 30th 1985. A point was made that the assailant had “straight, white teeth”, which considering that Richard had excessive dental problems, doesn’t sound quite right. No, I’m not seeing a likeness here..

On the 30th August 1985, the final police sketch of the man suspected of being the notorious “Night Stalker” was released to the media. That in itself is odd, because by then they were already in possession of his mug shot, which was released to the world and was soon seen staring out of every newspaper stand and TV. Law Enforcement had a man in their sights and now it was only a matter of time.

Not even if I squint.

After the well documented and public beating Richard received in East Hubbard Street after the release of the mugshot, LAPD wasted no time getting him into a live line up.

It should be pointed out that the people who attacked Richard in the street that day didn’t realise they were beating up the most wanted man in the USA, but a car thief after a failed carjacking. The officer in attendance, Deputy Sheriff Andres Ramírez (no relation), was told by Manuel De La Torre that Richard had attempted to steal his car and assault his wife. It wasn’t until the Deputy Sheriff asked for his name that realisation began to sink in. Richard was placed under arrest for attempted grand theft auto and assault. He was unarmed, compliant and non-aggressive. The most evil man ever born, was apparently, not carrying a weapon, although it has been said he threw his gun away. No gun was seen or recovered. A bit like those famous Avia trainers, that no one ever saw him wear, or throw away. If Richard had a gun that morning, does anyone seriously think he wouldn’t have hesitated to use it as he was running for his life? After all, this is the man they call the Night Stalker, right?

From the Federal Petition of the Writ of Habeas Corpus, 2008.

Richard had taken a severe beating, bleeding heavily from being hit on the head twice by a metal pole, an ambulance was called. This “street justice” meted out from a posse of enraged citizens may just have saved his life “as an LA Times reporter said that an order had been explicitly given out to police ‘we don’t want a trial for this guy’” (Taken from Programmed To Kill; The Politics Of Serial Murder by Dave McGowan) In other words he was never meant to be taken alive.

Alas for Law Enforcement he was handed over very much alive, his head wounds treated and completely covered in gauze bandages. With helicopters circling above, an angry crowd and a plethora of cameras, this drama was now playing out directly in the public gaze. Everyone had now seen his face staring out from every news stand and directly from their TV sets into their homes; he was instantly recognisable.

Into The Fire..

The line up took place on 5th September 1985, a couple of days after two award ceremonies had taken place honouring those citizens instrumental in taking the infamous Night Stalker off the streets. All before he’d even been identified, arraigned or even charged. He was already tried and found guilty in their eyes.

Varying police composites. Described at differing times as light, “Oriental”, 5ft 7 to 5ft 9 (Richard was 6ft 1) and my personal favourite, seen with a cat on his shoulder carrying, a tub of ice cream, about three blocks away from a crime scene.

Richard really didn’t want to take part in the live line up as he knew his face had been spread all over the media. He also had an obvious head wound with two shaved patches on his head where treatment had been administered. All knew the circumstances of his arrest and these wounds would not go unnoticed, especially as he was the only one out of the six individuals on the viewing platform that day with an injured head. Also Richard appeared that day for the first and only time with a side parting in his hair. A deliberate move, perhaps, to more closely match the last eye witness description given of him on August 30th? At no point before or since did he style his hair that way. Richard was given place number 2, with a board bearing the number round his neck.

The expert witness declaration of Dr Kathy Pezdek, document 16-7, taken from the Federal Petition of the Writ of Habeas Corpus, filed by the Public Defenders Office on 17th December 2008.

There were so many witnesses called to participate that day that there had to be two separate line ups. Public Defender Alan Adashek (briefly assigned to Richard) stated in court that he and 5 other public defenders had gone to the line up to make sure everything was done correctly and fairly. This seems to not have been the case as witnesses we’re allowed to gather together before hand, discuss and swap notes. Public Defender Judy Crawford also attended the line ups that day to observe, she later testified in court that she had noticed Deputy John Jones hold up two fingers to the assembled audience during the first line up. Apparently, she didn’t think much of this until she saw that Richard was in position number two. Her suspicions were then confirmed at the second line up when another deputy, Tom Hyeboek did the same. Two fingers were again held up to the audience as he said “Does anyone have any questions?”

So here we have a room full of tense and upset people, perfectly understandable considering the awful circumstances, most of whom, if not all, had seen his face plastered over every media outlet for days. Were they being subtly coached and encouraged to pick the man they’d already decided was guilty? It certainly looked that way to the lawyers observing. A kangaroo court in the making, even before the fact.

The public defenders in attendance during those biased line ups filed an objection sheet, pointing out the media saturation, visible head wounds and the deputies and their fingers. However, during the trial itself, Prosecutor Phil Halpin lied and said he’d never been given it. That, as it turns out, wasn’t the truth and the objection sheet was duly produced and handed to Public Defender Ray Wallen to read out to the jury. Halpin was proven to have been wrong and to have lied.

I am using this eyewitness identification taken from the Writ of Habeas Corpus to demonstrate how perceptions change, along with descriptions after prolonged exposure by the media.

Taken from the expert witness declaration of Dr Kathy Pezdek, document 16-7, which is available on line for any who care to look.

It is beyond imagining that anyone looking at the composites of Richard could readily identify him from those alone. None look anything like him and it’s absurd to suggest that they do. For eyewitness identification other methods must be employed, whether that’s a live line up or in court but what happens when the procedure is tainted from the start? The eyewitnesses were hopelessly compromised by their exposure to media coverage, daily, hourly, attested to in the court documents, of which I given an example above, although there are more.

Speaking of compromised identification, take a look HERE and perhaps HERE, or even HERE for more examples of how eyewitnesses differed in their descriptions.

How they managed to morph the composites by rubbing bits out here and there… they still don’t and never will match.

As for composites, below is a double one, with the one of “Richard Ramirez” on the left and one of the GSK aka The Golden State Killer on the right. A closer match to each other than the left hand one ever was to Ramirez!

Twins!

In the aftermath of this wholly inappropriate line up Public Defender Alan Adashek gave the following statement to the LA Times. “The publicity is so intense, so intense and constant, over so many days, it’s really a problem. A major problem. The effect of all this massive publicity can be very negative in terms of a fair trial”.

And so it came to pass. The first stage in the railroading of Richard Ramírez.

~Jay~

Full article

[pezdekdentalcare]

Did You Know❓🤔

You Can Tell a Dolphin’s 🐬 Age by Its Teeth 🦷

Just like trees 🌳, dolphins’ teeth 🐬🦷 have rings inside them that tell how old they are.

Their teeth 🦷 are permanent, but they don’t use them for chewing - dolphins swallow their food 🐡 whole because they have no muscle in their jaws.

[larryland]

REVIEW: "Yellow" at Troy Foundry Theatre

REVIEW: “Yellow” at Troy Foundry Theatre

[theunfairfolk]

... Please tell me you've at least heard of the enema experiment that refuted the possibility of using the lost-in-the-mall technique for memories of traumatic events.

Homie I dunno what sources you’ve been reading but that absolutely did not refute the possibility lmaooo in fact IN that experiment people were given false memories!

“An article in the journal Child Development by Pezdek and Hodges described an extension of the experiment: by using the subjects' family members to do the interviewing, their study was able to replicate Loftus' findings that memories of being lost in the mall could be created and were more likely to occur in young children. However, a much smaller number of children reported false memories of another untrue incident: that of a painful and embarrassing enema. Another article by Kenneth Pope in American Psychologist suggested possible confounding variables in the study, questioning whether the technique's ability to generate a false memory could be compared with the ability of a therapist to create a pseudomemory of childhood sexual abuse.”

So yeah one dude went “idk if this is comparable to a therapist implanting false memories of abuse”. But here’s the fun bit! None of those experiments used drugs or hypnosis! And they weren’t carried out and reinforced over years and years and years! So it’s almost like! That’s different circumstances! To create a more extreme result!

“Loftus made it clear that the Lost in the Mall study (and other studies using memory implantation techniques) in no way claimed that all memories of childhood sexual abuse discovered in therapy were false; instead, they tried to show how easy it was to manipulate human memory if an older relative said they witnessed the incident.”

[leebird-simmer]

Psychology and Law, Ch 5: Eyewitnesses to Crimes & Accidents, pt. 2

How Psychologists Study Eyewitness Identification

Experimental methodology, in which a researcher stages a crime or shows a filmed crime to unsuspecting participant witnesses, is the primary research method. In an experiment, the researcher manipulates some variable (e.g. the presence or absence of an instruction to witnesses, prior to viewing a lineup, that the perpetrator "may or may not be in the lineup") and measures its effects (e.g. the likelihood of choosing someone from the lineup). The value of an experiment is that the researcher knows exactly what the witnesses experienced (termed ground truth) and can measure, fairly precisely, how the manipulated variable affected what the witnesses remember. In other words, an experiment can establish cause-and-effect relations. But any individual experiment may lack ecological validity, meaning that the study may not approximate the real-world conditions under which eyewitnesses observe crimes and police interact with eyewitnesses. Still, if a number of experiments conducted under varying conditions and with different populations tend to reach the same conclusion, we can be fairly certain that the result would apply to the "real world."

A second way to study eyewitness identification is via archival analysis that involves after-the-fact examination of actual cases. Archival analyses typically begin with proven wrongful convictions and examine features of the cases that could have led to the mistaken verdicts. A study of the first 200 exonerations based on DNA testing analyzed the evidence that apparently supported the convictions (e.g. eyewitness testimony, forensic evidence) (Garrett, 2008). Archival analyses have confirmed inaccurate identifications that occur when eyewitnesses choose a filler from a lineup (Pezdek, 2012) and other variables associated with lineup outcomes, for example, exposure duration and viewing distance (Horry, Halford, Brewer, Milne & Bull, 2014). The value of archival analysis is that it uses real-life situations as the backdrop; the disadvantage is that it can only document what happened in those cases and it cannot explain why.

Field studies combine the rigorous control of an experiment with the real-world setting of archival analyses. Field studies of eyewitness identification examine the procedures used by the police in actual cases. A field study may have more ecological validity than an experiment, but it also has a downside. Because we cannot be certain whether a suspect is really guilty, we cannot distinguish correct identification of the guilty from incorrect identifications of the innocent.

The Variables That Affect Eyewitness Accuracy

Building on the research on basic information processing and using these methodologies, psychologists have identified several other variables that can influence the validity of identifications. Professor Gary Wells, a prolific researcher in the area of eyewitness identification, introduced a useful taxonomy to categorize these variables (Wells, 1978). He coined the term system variable to refer to those factors that are under the control of the criminal justice system (e.g. te instructions given to eyewitnesses when they consider a lineup and the composition of that lineup).

The term estimator variable refers to factors that are under the control of the criminal justice system and whose impact on the reliability of the eyewitness can only be estimated (e.g. the lighting conditions at the time of the crime and whether the culprit was wearing a disguise). A third variable - a postdiction variable - does not directly affect the reliability of an identification, but is a measure of some process that correlates with reliability (Wells, Memon & Penrod, 2006). The confidence that a witness feels about an identification is an example of a postdiction variable.

Because system variables hold more promise for preventing errors in eyewitness identification (they are, after all, controllable), many psychologists have focused their research efforts on those variables. But research on estimator variables is important because it can help us understand situations in which eyewitnesses experience problems in perception and memory, and studies of postdiction variables allow an after-the-fact assessment of eyewitness accuracy.

Assessing the Impact of Estimator Variables

Race of the Eyewitness - Eyewitnesses are usually better at recognizing and identifying members of their own race or ethnic group than members of another race or ethnic group. The chances of a mistaken identification have been estimated to be 1.56 times greater when the witness and suspect are of different races than when they are of the same race (Meissner & Brigham, 2001). This phenomenon, termed the other-race effect, has been examined extensively in experimental studies involving a variety of racial groups, and archival analysis of DNA exoneration cases shows that it is also a significant problem in actual cases. Racial attitudes are apparently not related to this phenomenon (people with prejudicial attitudes are not more likely to experience the other-race effect than are people with unbiased attitudes). Recent explanations of the other-race effect have tended to involve both cognitive and social processes. Cognitive interpretations hold that there are differences between faces of one race and faces of another race in terms of the variability in features, something called physiognomic variability. Faces of one race differ from faces of another race in terms of the type of physiognomic variability. For example, White faces show more variability in hair color, and Black faces show more variability in skin tone. For eyewitnesses to correctly identify members of other races, they must focus on the characteristics that distinguish that person from other people of the same race. Thus, Black eyewitnesses would be better off noticing and encoding a White perpetrator's hair color than their skin tone, whereas White eyewitnesses could more profitably pay attention to a Black assailant's skin tone. But most of us have more experience with members of our own race, so our natural inclination is to focus on the features that distinguish members of our own group. We have less practice distinguishing one member of another race from other people of that race. {note: this is where media representation can be really helpful, because it gives people the chance to practice this skill.} These ideas are supported by studies involving sophisticated eye-movement monitoring technology to assess the encoding processes people adopt when viewing own-race and other-race faces. One study showed that we fixate on more, and more distinctive features, when viewing own-race faces than when viewing other-race faces (Goldinger, He & Papesh, 2009). Social psychologists have also tried to explain the other-race effect. One reasonable hypothesis is based on social perception and in-group/out-group differences (Sporer, 2001). When we encounter the face of a person from another race or ethnic group (the outgroup), our first job is to categorize the face as a member of that group. Attentional resources that are directed toward categorization come at the expense of attention to facial features that would distinguish that person from other members of the outgroup. But when we encounter the face of a person from our in-group, the categorization step is eliminated, so we can immediately devote attention to distinguishing that person from other members of the in-group. Because identifying people of other races involves both a cognitive and a social process, both explanations may be right.

Age and Gender of the Eyewitness - The evidence for gender effects is not overwhelming but tends to indicate an own-gender bias, at least for women. Women are better at recognizing female faces than male faces, whereas men recognize female and male faces equally well (Palmer, Brewer & Horry, 2013). Women apparently pay more attention at encoding to female faces than male faces. There is some evidence that the age of the eyewitness matters: Older eyewitnesses make more errors than younger and middle-aged adults, regardless of whether they are identifying perpetrators or rejecting lineups in which perpetrators are absent (Erickson, Lampinen & Moore, 2016). One explanation is that older adults base judgments more on gist information (central aspects) than on recollection of precise details. Because lineup fillers look like the perpetrator, at least to some extent, they activate gist-like memory traces (Goems, Cohen, Desai, Brainerd & Reyna, 2014).

Controlling the Impact of System Variables

System variables are those factors in an identification over which the justice system has some control. In general, system variables tend to come into play after the crime, usually during the investigation. They are associated with how a witness is questioned and how a lineup is constructed and shown to the eyewitness. We have already described two system variables: the influence of post-event information and the effects of questions posed to eyewitnesses. Other system variables are also important. Research on these variables can suggest changes to procedures that investigators use with eyewitnesses.

To explain why system variables and procedures are so important, it may be helpful to draw an analogy to the steps used by researchers doing an experiment (Wells & Luus, 1990). Like scientists, crime investigators begin with a hypothesis (that the suspect actually committed the crime), test the hypothesis (by placing the suspect in a lineup), observe and record the eyewitness's decision, and draw conclusions from the results (that the suspect was the assailant).

There are certain principles that are essential to good experimental design (e.g. that observers should be unbiased), and violation of those principles affects the usefulness of the experiment's findings. In similar fashion, violating the principles of good criminal investigation affects the results of the investigation. For example, if the suspect appears to be different from the other people in the lineup in some obvious way, or if the person conducting the lineup conveys their suspicions to the eyewitness, then the results of that identification procedure can be erroneous. Applying the analogy of an experiment to criminal investigations enables us to evaluate critically the steps involved in these investigations.

Reforming Identification Procedures

One important aspect of a system variable is that because it is controllable, it can be modified. Because the police want to catch the real culprits and avoid mistakes, they have begun to incorporate procedures recommended by psychologists and other researchers for interviewing eyewitnesses and constructing and presenting lineups. For example, research findings suggest ways to increase the likelihood that a guilty perpetrator, rather than an innocent filler, is selected from a lineup. This concept, termed a lineup's diagnosticity, has informed the way that police conduct lineups.

In fact, since the publication of an important article that outlined research-based recommendations for collecting and preserving eyewitness evidence (Wells et al., 1998), the pace of reform has quickened (Wells & Quigley-McBride, 2016). In 1999, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) recommended procedures for collecting eyewitness evidence based on psychological research studies and distributed guidelines to more than 16,000 law enforcement agencies in the US. The National Research Council validated these and other recommendations from eyewitness research (National Research Council, 2014). Several state courts have imposed requirements for eyewitness evidence by relying on social science findings (e.g. State v. Henderson, 2011; State v. Lawson, 2012). And many jurisdictions have voluntarily reformed their identification procedures in light of relevant research.

[gennshaughnessy]

I’m having a huge creative block so here’s a flashback to 3 years ago... ᴳᴱᴼᴹᴱᵀᴿᵞ ᴼᶠ ᴸᴵᴳᴴᵀ Photography: Sarah Pezdek-Smith Garments: @titaniainglis Hair: Jaysie Walts Makeup: Genn Shaughnessy Styling: Tara Holmes at Tiane Novati Model: Anna Riccardi (at Glitch Glam Beauty Studio) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3X1lh4lRMy/?igshid=1niyenyoopsih

[tannertoctoo-blog]

Untitled Document

March 8, 2017

ALIUS Bulletin, n. 1, 2017 Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 58, #1, 2017 Developing World Bioethics, Vol. 17, #1, 2017 International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 81, #1-2, 2017 Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 113, #7, 2016 Journal of Social Ontology, Vol. 3, #1, 2017 Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 42, #1, 2017 Méthexis, Vol. 29, #1, 2017 Nursing Philosophy, Vol. 18, #2, 2017 Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 98, #1, 2017 Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Vol. 57, February 2017

ALIUS Bulletin, n. 1, 2017 Articles Robin Carhart-Harris (interviewed by Martin Fortier & Raphaël Millière). Consciousness and Psychedelics. Jakob Hohwy (interviewed by Matthieu Koroma). On Different Ways of being Conscious: Modes of Consciousness and the Predictive Mind. Tanya Luhrmann (interviewed by Martin Fortier). The Anthropology of the Mind: Exploring Unusual Sensations and Spiritual Experiences Across Cultures. Simon McCarthy-Jones (interviewed by Mathieu Frerejouan). The Phenomenon of Voice-Hearing: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Rebecca Seligman (interviewed by Arnaud Halloy). Towards a Biocultural Approach to Dissociative Consciousness. Jennifer Windt (interviewed by Alessio Bucci & Raphaël Millière). Relocating Dreams on the Conceptual Map: How the Analysis of Slepp and Dreaming Cgallenges our Taxonomy of Mental States. Back to Top

Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 58, #1, 2017 Recently Published Articles Cathay Liu. Re-Examining Descartes’ Algebra and Geometry: An Account Based on the Reguale. John Morrison. Perceptual Confidence and Categorization. Rachel N. Denison. Precision, Not Confidence, Describes the Uncertainty of Perceptual Experience: Comment on John Morrison's “Perceptual Confidence”. Bradley Rives. Concepts and Analytic Intuitions. Joseph Gottlieb. Transitivity and Transparency. Back to Top

Developing World Bioethics, Vol. 17, #1, 2017 Editorial Udo Schuklenk and William Rooney. Vulnerability and Dignity: Labeling Problems Away. Articles David R. Hall and Anton A. van Niekerk. Reconsidering Counseling and Consent. Lisa Diependaele, Julian Cockbain and Sigrid Sterckx. Raising the Barriers to Access to Medicines in the Developing World – The Relentless Push for Data Exclusivity. Gerald M. Ssebunnya. Beyond the Sterility of a Distinct African Bioethics: Addressing the Conceptual Bioethics Lag in Africa. Pierre-Marie David. Measurements, "Scriptural Economies," and Social Justice: Governing HIV/AIDS Treatements by Numbers in a Fragile State, the Central African Republic (CAR). Chitu Womehoma Princewill, Ayodele S. Jegede, Karin Nordström, Bolatito Lanre-Abass and Bernice Simone Elger. Factors Affecting Women's Autonomous Decision Making In Research Participation Amongst Yoruba Women Of Western Nigeria. Kimberly Jarvis. Dilemmas in International Research and the Value of Practical Wisdom. Book Review Christine Straehle. Debating Brain Drain – May Governments Restrict Emigration? Back to Top

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 81, #1-2, 2017 Special issue: Approaches to Faith; Issue editors: Rebekah L.H. Rice, Daniel J. McKaughan, Daniel Howard-Snyder Editorial Rebekah L. H. Rice, Daniel McKaughan. Special (Double) Issue: Approaches to Faith. Articles Daniel J. McKaughan. On the Value of Faith and Faithfulness. Daniel Howard-Snyder. Markan Faith. Samuel Lebens. The Life and Faith as a Work of Art: A Rabbinic Theology of Faith. Terence Cuneo. Aligning with Lives of Faith. George Tsai. Supporting Intimates on Faith. Lara Buchak. Faith and the Steadfastness in the Face of Counter-Evidence. Michael Pace. The Strength of Faith and Trust. Frances Howard-Snyder. The Pearl of Great Price. Beth A. Rath. Christ's Faith, Doubt, and the Cry of Dereliction. Dale Tuggy. Jesus as an Exemplar of Faith in the New Testament. Anne Jeffrey. Does Hope Morally Vindicate Faith? Brian Ballard. The rationality of Faith and the Benefits of Religion. Back to Top

Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 113, #7, 2016 Articles Roy T. Cook and Philip A. Ebert. Frege’s Recipe. Comments and Criticism Knut Olav Skarsaune. Moral Deference and Authentic Interaction. Book Reviews Carolyn Brighouse. Frank Arntzenius: Space, Time, and Stuff. Back to Top

Journal of Social Ontology, Vol. 3, #1, 2017 Articles Teresa Marques. The Relevance of Causal Social Construction. Raphael van Riel. Mental Disorder and the Indirect Construction of Social Facts. Lena Wahlberg. Legal Ontology, Scientific Expertise and The Factual World. Heikki J. Koskinen. Mediated Recognition and the Categorial Stance. Dave Elder-Vass. Material Parts in Social Structures. Christopher Woodard. Three Conceptions of Group-Based Reasons. Book Reviews Guglielmo Feis. An Introduction to Metametaphysics. Janna van Grunsven. The Phenomenology of Sociality: Discovering the “We”. Olle Blomberg. Complicity and Moral Accountability. Back to Top

Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 42, #1, 2017 Articles Symposium: How Law Works—Editor's Introduction. Don Herzog. Democracy, Law, Compliance. Gillian K. Hadfield. The Problem of Social Order: What Should We Count as Law? Daryl Levinson. The Inevitability and Indeterminacy of Game-Theoretic Accounts of Legal Order. Robin Bradley Kar. The Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Foundations of Law. Robert C. Ellickson. Forceful Self-Help and Private Voice: How Schauer and McAdams Exaggerate a State's Ability to Monopolize Violence and Expression. Janice Nadler. Expressive Law, Social Norms, and Social Groups. Richard H. McAdams. Reply to Commentators. Frederick Schauer. Preferences for Law? Mila Versteeg and Tom Ginsburg. Measuring the Rule of Law: A Comparison of Indicators. Ashley T. Rubin. The Consequences of Prisoners’ Micro-Resistance. Mary Gallagher and Yujeong Yang. Getting Schooled: Legal Mobilization as an Educative Process. Doron Dorfman. Re-Claiming Disability: Identity, Procedural Justice, and the Disability Determination Process. Review Essays Howard S. Erlanger. Review Section. Rachel E. Stern. Activist Lawyers in Post-Tiananmen China. Andrew David Edwards. The American Revolution and Christine Desan's New History of Money. Back to Top

Méthexis, Vol. 29, #1, 2017 Research Articles Laura Rosella Schluderer. Speaking and Acting the Truth: The Ethics of Heraclitus. Michael Schramm. Der Homo-Mensura-Satz des Protagoras. Refik Güremen. The Myth of Protagoras: A Naturalist Interpretation. Francesca Pentassuglio. Eschine di Sfetto: Alcune Nuove Testimonianze. Brad Berman. Why Can’t Geometers Cut Themselves on the Acutely Angled Objects of Their Proofs? Aristotle on Shape as an Impure Power. Massimo Catapano. The Two Modes of Scepticism and the Aporetic Structure of Foundationalism. Thomas Blackson. The Stoic Explanation of the Origin of Vice. Aldo Brancacci. John Moles, Historian of Ancient Philosophy. Luca Gili. Plato, Soph. 216 a3–4. Tiziano Dorandi. Usener Redivivus. Alessandro Linguiti. «È Impossibile Che L’anima Sia Corpo». Il Decimo Libro Delle Leggi di Platone come Fonte di Plotino, Enneadi IV 7 [2], 4. Pieter d’Hoine. Parmenide Neoplatonico: Intorno a un Nuovo Studio sulla Presenza di Parmenide nel Commento alla Fisica di Simplicio. Book Reviews Jonathan Lavilla de Lera. Who is Phaedrus? Keys to Plato’s Dyad Masterpiece, written by Marshall Carl Bradley. Mario Vegetti. Philosophical Themes in Galen, written by P. Adamson, R. Hansberger, J. Wilberding. Franco Trabattoni. Lives of Eminent Philosophers, edited by Tiziano Dorandi. Back to Top

Nursing Philosophy, Vol. 18, #2, 2017 Editorial Derek Sellman. Fake News, Truth and Ideology: Galileo, Censorship and Nursing. Original Articles Gavin J. Andrews. Geographical Thinking in Nursing Inquiry, Part Two: Performance, Possibility, and Non-Representational Theory. Diane Tapp and Mireille Lavoie. The Humanbecoming Theory as a Reinterpretation of the Symbolic Interactionism: A Critique of its Specific Nature and Scientific Underpinnings. Krzysztof Pezdek and Lotar Rasiński. Between Exclusion and Emancipation: Foucault's Ethics and Disability. Peter Kevern. Spiritual Care as a Response to an Exaptation: How Evolutionary Psychology Informs the Debate. Dialogue Contributions Sam Porter. Evaluating Realist Evaluation: A Response to Pawson's Reply. Philosophers for Nursing Lynne Williams, Jo Rycroft-Malone and Christopher R. Burton. Bringing Critical Realism to Nursing Practice: Roy Bhaskar's Contribution. Postgraduate Essay Prize Winner Aimee Milliken. Subjective from the Start: A Critique of Transformative Criticism. Back to Top

Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 98, #1, 2017 Original Articles Andrew McAninch. Activity, Passivity, and Normative Avowal. Paul Silva Jr. The Composite Nature of Epistemic Justification. Per-Erik Milam. How is Self-Forgiveness Possible? Benjamin McMyler. Requesting Belief. B. J. C. Madison. Epistemic Value and the New Evil Demon. Chase B. Wrenn. Truth is not (Very) Intrinsically Valuable. Sam Baron. Back to the Unchanging Past. Back to Top

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, Vol. 57, February 2017 Original Research Articles Joshua Luczak. Talk about Toy models. Paul Tappenden. Objective Probability and the Mind-Body Relation. Jacob Pearce. The Unfolding of the Historical Style in Modern Cosmology: Emergence, Evolution, Entrenchment. David Wallace. More Problems for Newtonian Cosmology. David Merritt. Cosmology and Convention. Balázs Gyenis. Maxwell and the Normal Distribution: A Colored Story of Probability, Independence, and Tendency toward Equilibrium. Angelo Baracca, Silvio Bergia, Flavio Del Santo. The Origins of the Research on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (And Other Critical Activities) in Italy during the 1970s. Yemima Ben-Menahem. The PBR Theorem: Whose Side is it on? Gábor Hofer-Szabó. How Human and Nature Shake Hands: The Role of No-Conspiracy in Physical Theories. Klaas Landsman. On the Notion of Free Will in the Free Will Theorem. Matthias Egg. The Physical Salience of Non-Fundamental Local Beables. Darren Bradley. Deutsch on the Epistemic Problem in Everettian Quantum Theory. Rainer Dick. Quantum Jumps, Superpositions, and the Continuous Evolution of Quantum States. William Rehg, Kent Staley. "Agreement" in the IPCC Confidence Measure. Back to Top

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

Merry Christmas! 🎄🎅

We wish you all enjoy seasonal sweets 🧁🍰🍮 and still have a cavity-free smile 😁 to flash in festive photos. 🤳

Happy Christmas 🎄, May All Your Teeth Be White and Healthy. ✨🦷💪

Wishing you all a lovely Christmas time. ☃️❄️

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

🤓 #FunFactFriday 🤓

#foods 🍬🍭🍫🍰🍩🍯🧁 that are HIGH in SUGAR AND STARCH can CONTRIBUTE to #toothdecay 🦷💔, whole foods that are high in:

#calcium 🥛🧀🥦🥬🍊🍶

#phosphorus 🐟🍖🥩🥜🥚🍠🍤🍗🍣

#vitaminD ☀️🍳🐟🥛🧀🍤🍄

can help keep your #teeth strong and #healthy. 💪🦷✨😍

Brushing and flossing are important for maintaining #goodoralhealth, but so is eating a #balanceddiet. 🥗

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

Happy Doctors' Day! 🩺👨‍⚕️👩‍⚕️

Happy #doctorsday to the heroes 🦸🦸‍♀️ who inspire us with their compassion, expertise, and unwavering dedication to healing. Your invaluable contributions and sacrifices are deeply appreciated. 👏

Thank you 🙏for improving the health and well-being of countless lives, both physically and orally. 💐🙌

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

You only get one set of #adultteeth, so take care of them! 😮

Practice #goodoralhygiene 🪥 and visit your #dentist 🦷⚕️ regularly.

Don't neglect your #oralhealth 😁 just because you're busy ⌛. Take a few minutes each day to care for your #teeth and #gums. 👄😍

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

#didyouknow 🤔 that #March is #NationalNutritionMonth? 🍎🥦

Let's celebrate by making #healthychoices and nourishing 🌟 our bodies with the #nutrients they need to thrive. By consuming a well-balanced #diet 🥗 that includes nutrient-rich foods like #fruits 🥑🍓🍌🍎, #vegetables 🥕🥒🫑🥬🌽, #dairyproducts 🥛🧈, and drinking plenty of #water 🚰, you can improve your #oralhealth and prevent #dentalproblems.

Let's prioritize our #nutrition and #dentalhygiene 🦷 for a #brightersmile 😁 and #healthierbody. 💪

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

Happy #NationalHealthyFatsDay 🙋💗

Today, we celebrate the importance of incorporating #healthyfats into our diet for #optimalhealth. #didyouknow 🤔 that #healthy #fats can improve #brainfunction 🧠 , support #hearthealth 🫀, and even aid in #weightloss ⚖️?

Some great sources of healthy fats include #avocados 🥑, #nuts 🥜, #fattyfish 🐟, #oliveoil 🫒, and #seeds. So go ahead and indulge in some delicious healthy fats today! 🥗

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

Happy #WorldOralHealthDay! 🌎🦷🎗

Let's celebrate #healthysmiles 😁 by practicing #goodoralhygiene habits, like #brushing twice a day, #flossing 🪥 daily, and visiting your dentist 🦷⚕️regularly.

Remember, a #healthymouth 👄 leads to a #healthybody 💪

Let's all pledge to prioritize our #oralhealth, spread awareness about its importance and work together to ensure #goodoralhealth for everyone! 😍

[pezdekdentalcare-blog1]

Happy #NationalNappingDay 💤🎗

Did you know that getting enough #sleep is crucial for maintaining #goodoralhealth? Studies show that people who don't get #enoughsleep are at a higher risk for #gumdisease 👄 and other #oralhealth 😁 problems.

A quick #nap 💤 can go a long way in promoting overall well-being, including #oralhealth! 💪🦷

Celebrate #NationalNappingDay 💤🎗 by taking a quick #snooze 😴 and giving your body the rest it needs. 😍