#reconstructing dialects

[tricornonthecob]

This is an odd question I guess but its bugging my hyperfixating brain: from what I understand, the period dialect of 18th century British North America would more likely contract "it is" to "'tis," instead of "it's," which is the default for a 21st century ear. I don't actually know how certain this is, though - human language is soft and pliable over time and no one group of people follow anything strictly, and how certain are we, anyway, that this would be a "correct" way to reconstruct the dialect?

Anyway, I'd like to write spoken grammar and cadence to be more period-accurate in my fanfics, but I do understand that going all-in on it risks making the dialogue sound contrived, which is, in my opinion, a greater sin than a little bit of anachronism in my contractions. The mortal sin of Can't Relate against the venial sin of A Little Bit Not Correct.

Anyway tl;dr what do y'all think?

[sailor-aviator]

how anon took your response to their analysis on the term "Gaelic"

STEPH. 💀

[penhive]

Apologetics and Philosophy

Apologetics is a philosophy to defend Christian faith through the exegesis of philosophical texts. Here, I would like to take up worldly philosophies and use apologetics as a lens to reinterpret it.

Plato and Christianity

Here I would like to take Plato’s theory of forms. Plato said: there is cave populated by men and it’s all dark and from the boundary of the cave men can see a beam of light and what Plato meant in this theory was beside the world of the senses there is an ideal world of forms.  Let’s take Plato’s allegory from a Christian point of view: the cave represents temptation and sin and the light is the Messiah Christ who came to this world and died on the cross for the remission of sins so that all in Christ can enjoy eternity in Heaven.

Hegel and the Master Slave Dialectic

It was the philosopher who proposed the idea of the Master and the Slave dialectic. Both of them have an interrelationship one being the dominant and the other being the submissive. From a Christian perspective: the relationship that Jesus has is one of being a friend and guide. And there is a free choice of surrender or apostasy. The Master Friend dialectic is one of camaraderie and essence fulfillment. It’s an intimacy based on the forgiving and eternal love of Christ.

Nietzsche and God is dead and Dionysian and Apollonian

Nietzsche’s statement that God is dead was an iconic one and turned the tables upside down into the world of despair and doom and ushered into a Philosophy of nihilism. What I would like to say is Nietzsche’s Death of God can be compared to Christ’s crucifixion which gave all humans the will to life in eternity. Nietzsche’s Dionysian and the Apollonian as Dionysian being rhythm and beat and Apollonian being melody and harmony can be reinterpreted as Dionysian being the prodigal complex (a tendency to sin lead a profligate life) and the Apollonian (being the tendency of the Father to give the freedom of choice for either yielding to the father or being in a state of apostasy where forgiveness is guaranteed with repentance

Existentialism

Here I would like to rewrite the Philosophies of Sartre and Camus from a Christian apologetics point of view. Camus based his philosophy on the Myth of Sisyphus where Sisyphus is condemned by the Gods to roll a boulder all the way up hill only to his madness it rolls down and he is forced to do this meaningless task. From this Camus said his iconic statement that life is absurd, meaningless, monotonous, repetitive and chaotic. Looking at it from a Christian point of view: I quote Christ’s words: ‘I came to give life abundantly.’ From a postmodern Christian existentialist point of view: Life is the celebration of meaning.

Sartre’s two core philosophies are: man is condemned to be free: and hell is the other. I rewrite Sartre by saying in Christ we are privileged to be free.  The other for me is Heaven as a relationship of love, empathy, and camaraderie.

Deconstruction and Reconstruction

It was the Philosopher Derrida who introduced deconstruction and in  it a text is analyzed as presence and absence. From Deconstruction, I have developed a Philosophy of Reconstruction from a Christian apologetic point of view: and it is a text with the celebration of presence and the privilege and forgiveness as absence. In the text there is always a chance for the prodigal apostate to return back to the father and be embraced with love, compassion and mercy. The God of presence is a kind and merciful God and he harbors no grievance.

Kant’s Transcendental Idealism

In this Kant talks about a not-knowable-world or the noumena (spirit). Here I would like to bifurcate Kant’s transcendental idealism into transcendental realism. Kant’s transcendental idealism stands for the Father God the supreme and Kant’s transcendental realism stands for a knowable God as Christ the Messiah who came into the world: to proselytize and save people from their sins and died on the cross so that we can share an eternity with him.

[mcmorare]

that w.wdits clip where colin is trying to drain joh.n sl.attery but it isn't working bc john keeps on being fascinated by colin's specific regional accent and going on tangents about accents and dialects. just like me fr

[apas-95]

Nazi antisemitism was not based on “economic needs of German capital under the burden of postwar reconstruction”. The price of operating extermination camps and sending out death squads far exceeded confiscation of Jewish wealth. It was based on sincerely belief in Jewish racial inferiority and that Jews, communists, & social democrats had sabotaged the German war effort in WWI.

The direct primitive accumulation of appropriated wealth was not the only economic benefit of the German program of depopulation, this is fairly basic — was the colonisation of the Americas principally carried out for the purpose of seizing indigenous belongings? Were the massacres carried out in the European colonies, such as the Bengali famine, done for the seizure of the wealth of individuals? The very plain fact is that the depopulation of Germany proper and its newly-seized territories in the east was carried out as part of a plan of economic reconstruction explicitly based on European settler-colonial projects, wherein the destruction of fixed capital and the establishment of small-producer wehrbaueren was intended to both reverse and inhibit the tendency of the rate of profit to fall under capitalism.

The further notion that Weimar Germany's opposition to communists was out of revanchism and not an actual threat to the ruling classes and their state is genuinely hilarious, and goes directly against both what was explicitly stated at the time and also basic facts.

Your position here is basic idealism - if you're interested in being correct, I'd suggest looking into Dialectical and Historical Materialism, and On Practice, etc.

[mapsontheweb]

Map of a Norwegian fjord in the middle ages.

The map shows the situation in the 15th century. Here is a map showing the location in Norway, and here is a satellite map of the area today.

The various regions of similar colour (such as green) is the «fylker», administrative areas that started out as petty kingdoms before the unification of Norway. In the middle ages the region of «Trøndelag» started out as 8 of them, 4 inner (Veradal-, Sparbyggja-, Eyna- and Skøyna-) and for outer (Strinda-, Stjørdøla-, Orkdøla- and Gauldøla-). This map shows the inner 4 and some border areas.

The different shades of colour shows each “skipsreide”. These are regions originally tasked with supplying ships and soldiers for the defence of Norway. Some of the biggest wafts for longships in Norway found in the region. But at this time it was mostly a tax system.

The churches shown were both of stone and wood, most of the stone ones still there today, but wooden ones lost. Many would be stave churches (reconstruction), some log churches.

Farms have remained almost the same, most of the ones shown here still there today. Though often split into smaller ones as sons split the land.

Most of the info is as said on the map gathered from bishop Aslak's 14030's book where he notes down tax paid by the various farms.

The language the book was written in was a quite Swedish-influenced Middle Norwegian dialect. The farm and region names are quite inconsistent, and seem to be written much like they would sound.

by jkvatterholm

[yvanspijk]

The f of enough

The word enough has the same origin as German genug and Dutch genoeg. However, unlike these words, enough doesn't start with a g-. Moreover, contrary to what its spelling suggests, it ends with an /f/ sound. When did these changes happen? Click the video to listen to a reconstruction of how this word evolved over the past 2300 years.

Enow

Modern English enough comes from the Old English variant ġenōh, with an unvoiced /x/ at the end. The variant ġenōg, with the voiced fricative /ɣ/, also continued to evolve but it followed a different path. Its final /ɣ/became /w/ in Middle English, producing inow. This was a regular sound change. Compare Old English būgan, which became bowen, now to bow. Dutch buigen and German biegen preserved their g's.

Inow ultimately became Modern English enow, which rhymes with how. It's become archaic, but when it was a living part of English, it was often used before plural nouns: enow people.

Notes

In Middle and Early Modern English, different dialects underwent different sound changes, and some sociolects were more conservative than others, preserving certain stages for a longer time. Variants shown and not shown in my chronology coexisted. This chronology, which represents the evolution in the London region, is only one of the paths this word took.

I thank fellow historical linguist Alex Foreman (A.Z. Foreman on X, YouTube and Patreon) for his advice on reconstructing the changes in the Late Middle English period.

[rhinozzryan]

can u do etymology of the word kitten? i cant believe ive never asked this of u yet

TL;DR: kitten is a borrowing from French, a diminutive of chat, from the same Latin root as English cat, probably ultimately borrowed from a Near Eastern language like Arabic.

English n. kitten 'the young of the cat; a young cat, a cat that is not full-grown; the young of another mammal' (form attested from the early 17th century), earlier as Middle English n. kitoun, ketoun, kyt(t)on 'id.', a borrowing from Anglo-Norman n. *kitoun, *ketoun, *kiton, *keton 'id.' (not attested, but required as an intermediary; the regular change of word-initial /t͡ʃ/- to /k/- is implied by an erroneous ca. 1190 usage of Old Picard n. caston 'id.', with the form construed with the northern dialectical form of Old Picard n. caston, caton 'collet, bezel'), dialectical form of Old French n. chaton 'id.' (attested ca. 1230), diminutive of Old French n. chat, chas 'the domesticated cat, Felis catus' (attested 2nd half of the 12th century), a passing from Proto-Romance n. *katʊ 'id.' (secondarily attested in the borrowing into Basque n. katu 'id.'; also reconstructable via the passing into forms like Old Galician–Portuguese n. gato 'id.' and Sardinian n. gattu 'id.'), reflecting Late Latin n. cattus, catus 'id.' (a term widely borrowed, including, ultimately, into English n. cat 'id.'), probably (based on genomic and archaeological evidence in Egypt and the Near East) borrowed from Arabic n. قط 'id.' or a cognate, of uncertain further origin.

[petermorwood]

How on earth did these goats get there?

*****

In reality the goats are lying on their sides on rocky ground, looking up at a crane-mounted camera. The photograph was taken some years ago, part of a series reconstructing Central European folk customs and traditions which have fallen from favour or are now prohibited.

This old-fashioned rural blood-sport was originally practiced in parts of Anatolia, Turkey, where the game was called keçi fırlatmak, and also in the Carpathian Alps of Romania, possibly imported during the Ottoman conquest. The name there was aruncarea caprei.

*****

The goats would have been coated in a strong adhesive traditionally distilled from pine resin.(represented pictorially here by darker patches of dye on the flanks) and were then thrown upwards towards a cliff or rock-face with makeshift catapults, often a primitive form of counterweight trebuchet assembled from wooden beams and weighted with rocks.

The game ended when the glue dried and lost adhesion, and the goats fell to their deaths. They were then cooked and eaten, their meat being valued like that of Spanish fighting bulls.

The meat of the last goat to fall (başarılı keçi or cea mai durabilă capră) was prized as a special delicacy and selected cuts from the legs of this particular “winner” goat were often smoked and dried into a kind of jerky.

*****

In his “Grandes Histoires Vraies d'un Voyageur le 1er Avril” (pub. Mensonges & Faussetés, Paris, 1871) French folk-historian, anthropologist and retired cavalry general Gilles-Etienne Gérârd wrote about witnessing a festival near Sighișoara, Transylvania, in 1868.

There he claims to have seen catapults improvised from jeunes arbres, très élastiques et souples - “very springy and flexible young trees” - which were drawn back with ropes and then released.

Bets were placed before the throw, and marks given afterwards, according to what way up the goats adhered and for how long. The reconstruction, with both goats upright, facing outward and still in place, shows what would have been a potential high score.

The practice has been officially banned in both countries since the late 1940s, but supposedly still occurred in more isolated areas up to the end of the 20th century. Wooden beams from which the catapults were constructed could easily be disguised as barn-rafters etc., and of course flexible trees were, and are, just trees.

*****

Gérârd’s book incorrectly calls the goat jerky “pastrami”, to which he gives the meaning "meat of preservation".

While pastrami may be a printing error for the Turkish word bastırma or the Romanian pastramă, both meaning “preserved meat”, at least one reviewer claims that Gérârd misunderstood his guide-translator, who would have been working from rural dialect to formal Romanian to scholarly French.

Since this jerky was considered a good-luck food for shepherds, mountaineers, steeplejacks and others whose work involved a risk of falling, Gérârd's assumption seems a reasonable one.

However, several critical comments on that review have dismissed its conclusion, claiming "no translator could be so clumsy", but in its defence, other comments point out confusion between slang usage in the same language.

One cites American and British English, noting that even before differences in spelling (tire / tyre, kerb / curb etc.) "guns" can mean biceps or firearms, "flat" can mean a deflated wheel or a place to live, "ass" can mean buttocks or donkey and adds, with undisguised relish, some of the more embarrassing examples.

This comment concludes that since the errors "usually make sense in context", Gérârd's misapprehension is entitled to the same respect.

*****

The good-luck aspect of the meat apparently extended to work which involved "falling safely", since its last known use was believed to be in ration packs issued to the 1. Hava İndirme Tugayı (1st Airborne Brigade) of the Turkish Army, immediately before the invasion of Cyprus in July 1974.

Nothing more recent has been officially recorded, because the presence of cameras near military bases or possible - and of course illegal - contests is strongly (sometimes forcefully) discouraged, and the sport’s very existence is increasingly dismissed as an urban or more correctly rural legend.

The official line taken by both Anatolian and Carpathian authorities is that it was only ever a joke played on tourists, similar to the Australian “Drop-bear”, the Scottish “Wild Haggis” and the North American “Jackalope”.

They dismiss the evidence of Gérârd’s personal observation as “a wild fable to encourage sales of his book”, “a city-dweller’s misinterpretation of country practices”, or even “the deliberate deception of a gullible foreigner by humorous peasants”.

And as for those paratroop ration packs, Turkish involvement in Cyprus is still such a delicate subject that the standard response remains “no comment”.

[comicaurora]

Hi Red! Since the Artemis and Apollo video released last week, I've been curious about something that I had been expecting to come up but didn't.

Supposedly, sited in a Hittite treaty, is a god called Apaliunas, protector diety of Wilasu, who is called upon by its leader Alaksandu. His name has been linked to Apollo and used with a few dialect variations of Apollo's name to attempt a reconstruction, and seperately as the figure Apollo dirrectly evolved from. Did or do you have thought on this figure?

I hadn't encountered that name before, but a quick investigation makes me think this is (a) very cool and (b) thankfully in line with the other stuff I found for the video! Apollo having origins in the area of mythical Troy around 1200 BCE would align with his far-flung birth myths and his earliest solid role in the Iliad as Troy's established guardian deity. Unfortunately since that's all we've got about this guy that's kind of all we can credibly get from it.

[tricornonthecob]

He's not drunk he's just from Milford.

Bonus:

He's not drunk he's just from Philadelphia

[shiranuieditorial]

20 inspirational names for a super summer!

List summary: 新夏、夏向、夏涼、夏艷/夏艶、琉夏、夏樂、夏怡、夏悅、夏嬉、夏歡/夏懽、梨夏、夏梅、夏蓮、莽夏、青夏、勇夏、承夏、平夏、峰夏、and 夏緒！ (Keep reading ’til the end to discover their meanings, readings, pronunciations, guide to etymology and history, and more linguistic knowledge!)

Is it just me or has this summer been unnervingly chilling for us tropical islanders? 🌞🥶

Check out this summer-inspired name bank I’ve been working on for the past 5 months!

Each name was…

→ meticulously hand-picked like exotic cherries 🍒

→ carefully translated to the best of my ability 🉑

→ and then packed with a mini beginner’s guide to 夏 (the Han character/Chinese character for “summer”, used throughout the Sinosphere) 📖

→ which contains its standard readings in many languages: Mandarin Chinese, Dungan Tili, Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Wu, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese! 🀄

(If you need info on any other topolect, dialect, or time-specific variant not mentioned here, just ask away! I’ll see what I can do for ya!)

👉🏼 An incredibly versatile character, it’s impossible to run out of given names containing/based on 夏!

The possibilities are endless, and the only limit is our imagination! 💡

👉🏼 If we visit the Wiktionary entry for 夏, we’ll see a whole lot more linguistic variants & historical hypotheses on this ancient grapheme dating back to 2070 BC, and even a reconstruction of its Middle Chinese & Old Chinese pronunciations based on recovered millennia-old scripts! 😱

👇🏼 Comment “Wiktionary” and I’ll send you the link to read further. It’s very interesting to read, whether you’re a curious beginner or a veteran Sinologist.

❓ QOTD 1: Which name stood out to you in particular? 🤔

❓ QOTD 2: Do you know what the difference is between “reading” and “pronunciation”? 🗣️

👇🏼 Also also also, let me know what you think of this list! 📜

Is it interesting enough? Are the tables mathematical enough? Are my font choices weird enough? Have I managed to convince you that I’m secretly an omniscient Taoist immortal from the 16th century BCE here to steal all the trees off your backyards, or should I try harder? If so, what other attempts at floor-length grocery lists should I make to satisfy your most honourable expectations?

Remember—your plants are at stake here! 🧚🏼‍♀️🌲🌳🌴

[starlightervarda]

So

As someone who has cried at ruins, art and temples my ancestors left behind, at how I can't read or speak our own native language, and how what remains of that is in a liturgical language used in secret by an oppressed religious minority...Butchered Tongue has me in my feelings.

It's so hard to love yourself as you are when the people that had your face have been defaced, demonized and disregarded. Not just by the people that invaded us and imposed their language, culture and religion on us for centuries, but by your own people. Not much survived the centuries of brutal colonialism and religious fanaticism, and even if you had a grace period where more began to appreciate what your ancestors left behind, the push against it, to distance yourself and identify more with the invader's culture and even their ethnicity because they are 'right' by decree of religion, is depressing.

It doesn't help that we now have foreigners holding our artifacts in their museums, and pushing insane narratives about aliens building our monuments. Then there are Americans constantly making claims to our ancestry due to racist conspiracy theories, saying horrific shit about how we're the descendants of invaders and that they are the true heirs despite constant proof otherwise. What's worse is having that narrative supported by the most powerful media in the world, casting anyone but us to play us.

They fetishize our aesthetic, our history, our mythology, our land, but hate those that spawned from it.

The only time I like my face is when I recognize it in the likeness left behind in busts, statues and wall paintings. In reconstructions of mummies that have my skin, hair, eyes and nose. Things that are viewed as ugly now and erased through straighteners, bleaching creams and surgeries so we can look more like the foreigners that invaded us, whether they came from Western Europe or Western Asia.

I may look like them, but I'll never know what they truly sounded like, what they did on day-to-day basis, how they worshipped our native gods, what songs they sang or what they called their grandparents.

So many of us are stuck speaking someone else's language, now matter how nativised that dialect has become, and practicing their religion, even revering the very people that broke in and destroyed everything in their wake to impose their version of everything as 'saviours'.

I wish we were taught our native languages in school, that they were never demonized, and punished into dying. That there were huge movements to preserve what we still have that's uniquely ours, but the more time passes, the less people care. All we have left are names of historical figures, gods and the odd town or city that has been misheard into something else over time.

To all my siblings in lost cultures, demonized history and butchered tongues, I hope we hold on to what we have left.

[stormsthatrage]

Important PSA: Do not ask linguists how many languages they speak. Linguistics is the scientific study of language, investigating things such as (but not limited to): how language can be modeled as a complex logic system; the cognitive processes and neurological structures that support the acquisition, storage, and usage of language; the biological and acoustic mechanisms involved in the production/perception of language; how language influences society and how society influences language.

Other things linguists do: work with communities to document or revitalize dying languages; develop dictionaries; work on language modeling software; consult for copyright litigation; reconstruct dead languages.

Really lucky linguists get hired by Hollywood to create fictional languages for sci-fi and fantasy blockbusters.

What linguists do not do: spend all day learning foreign languages. (Alas, if you are a linguist who enjoys learning foreign languages, you must do it in your free time, not during work hours.)

Also! Another important PSA: Any linguist who has learned, like, anything about language, WILL NOT JUDGE YOUR GRAMMAR! Do NOT apologize to a linguist for how you speak. Remember: no dialect is "more correct" than another. There is literally no objective criteria with which you can compare two languages or dialects and decide one is "better" than the other. If you are communicating successfully, you're doing language right!

[chekhovs-tantrum]

-John and his best friend, G—, both Maori (or is Jod mixed?). We don't know G's original name or whether it was Maori, but from Wikipedia: Both L and G are also encountered in the Southern dialect, though not in standard Māori. So G's original name was either Southern dialect or not Maori at all. 

-When John resurrects G— he renames him a white Christian name, and not even the Maori version. 

-John has a kid who comes preset with the name of his resurrected bestie. When he reconstructs her, he gives her the Maori version of the name. 

I'm not sure what I'm asking here, but it feels like there's a Thing I'm missing as a white American. Here, slapping Christian names on Native American kids who were violently forced to "forget" their culture was a huge part of our genocide. 

For Kiwi folk, was John erasing Maori culture in giving his actually-Maori friend a whitewashed name? (are there even Maori options that begin with G?) And if not, why was it more important to John to keep G's first initial rather than to grant him a connection with the culture that G literally took a bomb for, and why does he reverse this course with his daughter after 10,000 years? 

There are SUCH good posts here about Maori culture and the way it influences characters or stands out in the books (thinking about the one about how Griddle's humor has an edge of Kiwi passive-aggression, or the one about nuclear things/NZ/Maori folks). I so badly want to learn and understand more, please let's amplify those voices/if my mutuals see good posts about it please tag me or send them to me

[protoindoeuropean]

Comments by people about how disappointed they are to hear that Etymonline is a pretty bad source for (English) etymology make me realize how spoiled we are in Slovene with the (relative) quality and accessibility of etymological dictionaries.

There are three (modern) etymological dictionaries for Slovene: the standard work by Bezlaj, Furlan and Snoj, ESSJ (Etymological Dictionary of the Slovene Language; 4 volumes + indices; begun by Bezlaj in 1976, joined in the following volume (1982) by his student Snoj and in the third and fourth also Furlan (1995, 2005); Bezlaj died in 1994); Snoj's more "popular science" version, SES (Slovene Etymological Dictionary, 1st edition in 1997, 3rd in 2016, available online); Furlan's much more rigorous and dialectally oriented NESSJ (New Etymological Dictionary of the Slovene Language; trial folio in 2013, online publication since 2017).

As mentioned, SES and NESSJ are available online, though the very limited scope of NESSJ means that SES is the usual reference. There are talks about putting ESSJ online as well, but there are some issues with rights and Bezlaj's family etc.

Before illustrating the differences between the various Slovene and English sources for etymology, a few notes on what a good etymological dictionary entry should include:

philological documentation (current meaning, phonetic/phonological information (incl. suprasegmental features), morphological characteristics (inflection, gender), word family (derivatives, parallel formations), attestation (historical sources), onomastic material (esp. anthorponymy and toponymy)

comparative material (cognates or related words in closely related languages and in the wider language family)

etymological explanation (word form at the moment of creation, morphemic structure, meaning and semantic motivation)

To demonstrate the differences between the dictionaries, it's best to consider their entries for the same words:

— ESSJ, SES poln, adj. 'full' in ESSJ and SES. NESSJ does not have this word. ESSJ includes more information on Slovene historical and dialectal attestation, as well as all the existing forms in other Slavic languages. SES, on the other hand, besides the relevant derivations only includes those Slavic languages that are more relevant for the Proto-Slavic reconstruction. It is important to note that this entry from ESSJ is from the third volume, which systematically takes into account the findings of the laryngeal theory (you can see that the reconstruction of the PIE root in ESSJ is *pelH-, with a laryngeal, even if it is not specified which one; cf. the update in SES with *pleh₁-). The first two volumes do not, however, and are therefore in many ways superseded by the entries in SES, even if those are otherwise less rigorous.

***at this point I should note that I'll gladly(!) translate all the Slovene entries if anyone wants me to do so, but I'm not going to do it if no one asks because there are quite a few of them here

Compare the entries in popular English online sources for etymology – Wiktionary and Etymonline; and then also Kroonen's Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic for comparison:

— Kroonen, Wiktionary, Etymonline 1, 2 The Wiktionary entry for full is roughly on par with SES, while Kroonen's Germanic material is more comprehensive. Etymonline, however, shows no trace of the laryngeal theory and when looking at the cognates listed under the root, it's like they've never heard of a diacritic either (except in Old Norse "fjöl-", even though ö is not normally used for Old Norse – ǫ is) – even though those are often crucial! –, not to mention fully replacing ə with e in what should be Avestan pərəna- ...

To also include NESSJ, the word for 'birch' will be used, but first the entries for this word in the already mentioned dictionaries:

—Kroonen, Wiktionary, Etymonline Again the Etymonline entry just does not compare – it's not just that the PIE reconstruction is non-laryngeal, it's also plain wrong because it has *g instead of *ǵ; also again with the diacritics ...

— ESSJ, SES As you can see, this entry is from the first volume of ESSJ and thus also non-laryngeal. It is still more comprehensive in terms of material, but the explanation in SES is more up-to-date.

The entry in NESSJ simply does not compare to the ones above – it is more in line with a dictionary like the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages (ÈSSJa) in the amount of information it includes, which means that it is so long that I will put it under the cut:

— NESSJ You can see that this entry includes much more dialectal and historical material and discusses in depth its historical morphology and types of derivation, finally constructing its diachronic word-family.

And since I mentioned it, here's also the ÈSSJa entry for 'birch':

— ĖSSJa As it is from the very first folio, from 1974, the explanation is non-laryngeal, as in ESSJ. Compared to NESSJ, it includes (literally) a couple more Slavic languages: Slovincian and Polabian, though understandably no further dialectal material, which NESSJ includes specifically for Slovene. ÈSSJa, as a rule, doesn't reconstruct accentual paradigms for Proto-Slavic, while on the other hand, some of the discussion in NESSJa specifically concerns the question of accentual features of the discussed word and its IE word-family. NESSJ is also more explicit in the discussion of the models of derivation and morphological variants.