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skogjeger · 3 days

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Connecting and Working with Deities ❁ཻུ۪۪ ━

‧₊˚. : · •. * • ˚ . · * ✶ : · • * ˚ ✵

In a previous post, I opened up about the idea of compiling a list outlining ways to establish a connection and work with deities. So here are some ideas of how you can connect with deities and or worship/work with them. Mind you, these are just suggestions, so there isn't a wrong nor right way on how you want to connect with deities. It is whatever feels comfortable and feels comfortable with the deity you are wanting to have a connection with.

𖤣𖥧˚ Research & Learn

Study Mythology: Study mythological material to understand the particular deity's background and their connections with their circle. Mythology can help understand attributes, symbols, or the history. As a note though, how a deity is predicted in mythology might not even come close to how they actually behave.

Understand Cultural Context: Learn about the cultural and historical context of the deity; how they were worshipped in the past, how others in a particular culture worked with them and showed appreciation and or admiration.

𖤣𖥧˚ Create an Altar or Sacred Space

Set Up an Altar: Create a dedicated space with images, statues, symbols, and offerings related to the deity. And if you're wanting to take a cheap approach, doing a digital altar works too!

Sacred Objects: Include items that are sacred to the deity, such as crystals, herbs, or special artifacts pertaining to that deity.

𖤣𖥧˚ Offerings

Food & Drink: Offer foods and drinks that are favorable and or were common as an offering to the deity. It can range to anything like candy, beer, wine, coffee, hot chocolate, water, meat, fruit, etc.

Incense & Candles: Light incense or candles as offerings. Bonus would be that the scent/colour correlates to the deity, but this is entirely optional.

Flowers & Other Natural Offerings: Place flowers, stones, leaves, or other natural items on your altar.

𖤣𖥧˚ Artistic Creations

Create Art: Draw, paint, sculpt, or engage in any artistic endeavor that honours and or shows appreciation for the deity.

Music & Dance: Sing, play music, make music, or dance in a way that celebrates the deity.

Writing & Poems: Write a short-story, your interactions, and or poems dedicated to that deity.

𖤣𖥧˚ Divination and Signs

Divination Tools: Use tools like tarot cards, runes, scrying, or other forms of divination to seek guidance from the deity. If you are using tarot cards, what helps is looking at the major arcana cards to see which deity it is associated to.

Look for Signs: Be open to receiving signs and messages, and or look out for anything that is consistent but out of the ordinary.

𖤣𖥧˚ Study and Practice Corresponding Disciplines

Learn Related Skills: For example, if the deity is associated with healing, study and practice healing arts. If the deity is related to death, you can do funeral donations to help the bereaved.

𖤣𖥧˚ Rituals and Ceremonies

Seasonal Celebrations: Participate in or create rituals and ceremonies that align with the deity's sacred times, such as solstices, equinoxes, or specific festivals.

Personal Rituals: Develop your own rituals that feel meaningful and appropriate for your connection with the deity.

𖤣𖥧˚ Meditation and Visualization

Meditate: Find a quiet place, clear your mind, and focus on the deity. Visualize their form, symbols, and presence. If silence doesn't do too well, you can play a song that you think would be a good representation to the deity.

Guided Imagery: Use guided meditations specifically designed for connecting with deities.

𖤣𖥧˚ Prayer and Invocation

Pray Regularly or When Needed: Establish a daily or regular practice of prayer. Speak from the heart or use traditional prayers and hymns. You can either keep your prayers formal or casual, whatever feels right and appropriate.

Invoke the Deity: Call upon the deity's presence through chants, mantras, or specific invocations. You can either do this in your mind or call out loud.

𖤣𖥧˚ Join a Community

Find Like-minded People: Join groups or communities that honour and work with the same deity. It can be through Discord, Tumblr, or wherever—online or physical.

Attend Ceremonies: Participate in communal worship, festivals and gatherings.

𖤣𖥧˚ Tips for the Practice

Respect: Always approach with respect and sincerity.

Consistency (or Flexibility): Build a regular practice to deepen your connection, and even if it's not daily, there's always a flexible approach.

Intuition: Trust your intuition and personal experiences.

Adaptability: Be open to changing your methods as you grow and learn more.

Remember, the key is to develop a relationship that feels genuine and meaningful to you in whatever means possible.

#paganblr #deities #witchblr #magick #paganism #witch community #pagan blog #deity worship #offerings #polytheism #eclectic witch #eclectic pagan #witchcraft #divination #spirituality #deity devotion #deity work #beginner witch #spirit work

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688199 · 10 months

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hello legend.

writing a wholesome mlb fanfic but trying to make it very meticulous in terms of details. do you think it’s appropriate that i ask for small things that i could include to highlight marinette’s connection to chinese culture.

things like certain clothes/phrases/names her parents would authentically call her/little things around her room /small habits/comfort foods/stories her mom told her growing up/thoughts on confucianism, taosim, buddhism/if she includes traditional chinese fashion in her designs/etc

i really hope this doesn’t come off as ignorant/offensive! i’ve been researching chinese culture but there’s a difference between reading about the “text-book” examples and actually being part of a culture where you just wouldn’t understand things unless you were surrounded by it and a part of it and grew up with it. and i don’t want to play into stereotyping, you know? i want these things to be specific to chinese culture AND to marinette & her moms side of the family.

any answer would be helpful because i read that you are chinese yourself and you are so well versed in the creation of marinette’s character that if you think she would do/say/keep/etc certain things i would love to hear your thoughts!

oh sure! note that i’m singaporean chinese, so there might be a little bit of difference in culture. but having been to china (and attended chinese culture heavy schools) before, i’ll do my best!

- nicknames: baobao/ bao bei, meaning “precious”. first one is babyish, second one usually used by couples but parents also use it to call their kids. also, easy and common nickname is just repeating their name. for example, if marinette’s mandarin name was “ma li” (though i don’t think any parent would want to name their child that), the nickname used by family, relatives and friends would be “lili”

- small things around her room: chinese literature books on shelves, maybe a blue-white porcelain vase to put flowers in? and maybe a maobi (calligraphy brush) sticking out of her pencil holder.

- small habits: switching to chinese when surprised/ stressed. oh and def using chopsticks eating (only use for asian dishes tho). make sure she doesn’t stick it upright into the food though, cause of some superstition, and general etiquette. she could get slightly stressed when she sees people use chopsticks incorrectly, i know i do lol.

- comfort foods: congee and you tiao (fried dough). she could eat it when she feels under the weather. also, an alternative to the classic dumplings is pan fried pork dumplings (sheng jian bao) which i personally love to death. oml. its also a cuisine pretty unique to shanghai iirc. here’s how it looks

- bonus: one nostalgic food could be tanghulu, or candied hawthorns. munching on a self made version using strawberries and other small fruits with hardened candy syrup while working. although it’s more of a northern snack rather than a southern snack… (shanghai is south)

- stories mom told: as in… children’s stories? or mom’s personal stories? for children stories, or common folk tales, chang e, the legend of nian, the cowherd and the weaver girl, the twelve zodiac animals, etc. personal mom stories not sure lol.

- thoughts on religious stuff: hmmm…. tough cause i’m personally not much of a religious person myself, though i’m familiar with taoism and buddhism. it’s not necessary to include those inside. oh yea just random thing i was reminded of, one small detail you can add is burning incense. for example, use of joss sticks to pray is common in taoist and buddhist religion. there’s also incense burning as an art form. personally my mom does that whenever i have major exams coming lmao.

- design: i think it’s cool if marinette learnt the art of embroidery, like shown below. it’s pretty commonly seen on qipaos, with different patterns but most commonly flowers. it’s a dying art form. having marinette use embroidery to make images on her outfits rather than have them printed on will be a neat detail.

hope this helps! good luck on the fic too, if there’s any more questions feel free to dm

(oh and though i find the movie mid, turning red has accurate representation so you can check it out)

#miraculous ladybug #asks

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magnae-deum-matris · 3 years

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Bhairava (Mahakala Bhairava) (Sanskrit: भैरव, lit. frightful) is a Hindu Tantrik deity worshiped by Hindus. In Shaivism, he is a fierce manifestation of Shiva associated with annihilation.[1][2][3][4] In Trika system Bhairava represents Supreme Reality, synonymous to Para Brahman.[5][6] In Hinduism Bhairava is also called Dandapani (as he holds a rod or Danda to punish sinners) and Swaswa meaning "whose horse is a dog".[7] In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is considered a fierce emanation of Mañjuśrī and also called Heruka, Vajrabhairava and Yamantaka. Mantra Om Shri Kaal Bhairavaya Namaha Weapon Trishula, Khaṭvāṅga Number 33 This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text. The historical origins of Bhairava are obscure; according to Ronald M. Davidson, he was probably a "local ferocious divinity" associated by tribal peoples with cremation grounds (smasana), ghouls and ghosts (vetala, pisaca).[10] He is worshiped throughout India, Sri Lanka and Nepal as well as in Tibetan Buddhism.

In Hinduism

Bhairava with his consort, Bhairavi

Aakash Bhairab in Kathmandu. Bhairava originates from the word bhīru, which means "fearful". Bhairava means "terribly fearful form". It is also known as one who destroys fear or one who is beyond fear. The right interpretation is that he protects his devotees from dreadful enemies, greed, lust and anger. Bhairava protects his devotees from these enemies. These enemies are dangerous as they never allow humans to seek God within. There is also another interpretation: Bha means creation, ra means sustenance and va means destruction. Therefore, Bhairava is the one who creates, sustains and dissolves the three stages of life. Therefore, he becomes the ultimate or the supreme.

The origin of Bhairava can be traced to a conversation between Brahma and Vishnu which is recounted in the Shiva Mahapuranam. In it, Vishnu inquired of Brahma, "Who is the supreme creator of the Universe?" Arrogantly, Brahma told Vishnu to worship him as Supreme Creator. One day, Brahma thought "I have five heads. Shiva also has five heads. I can do everything that Shiva does and therefore I am Shiva." Brahma became a little egotistical as a result of this. Additionally, he began to forge the work of Shiva and also started interfering in what Shiva was supposed to be doing. Consequently, Mahadeva (Shiva) threw a small nail from his finger which assumed the form of Kala Bhairava and casually went to cut off one of Brahma's heads. The skull (Kapala) of Brahma is held in the hands of Kala Bhairava, Brahma’s ego was destroyed and he became enlightened. From then on, he became useful to himself and to the world, and deeply grateful to Shiva. In the form of the Kala Bhairava, Shiva is said to be guarding each of these Shaktipeeth (Shakti temples). Each Shaktipeeth is accompanied by a temple dedicated to Bhairava.

There is another school of thought which says that Shiva himself created Bhairava. There was one demon by name Dahurāsuraṇ who got a boon that he could be killed only by a woman. Kali was invoked by Parvati to kill him. The wrath of Kali killed the demon. After killing the demon, her wrath metamorphosed as a child. Kali fed the child with her milk. Shiva made both Kali and the child to merge with him. From this merged form of Shiva, Bhairava appeared in his eight forms (Aṣṭāṅga Bhairavas). Since Bhairava was thus created by Shiva, he is said to be one of the sons of Shiva.

Puranas too give different versions of Bhairava. In this version there was a war between gods and demons. To eradicate the demons, Shiva created Kala Bhairava from whom Aṣṭāṅga Bhairavas were created. These Ashta Bhairavas got married to Ashta Matrikas. These Ashta Bhairavas and Ashta Matrikas have dreadful forms. From these Ashta Bhairavas and Ashta Matrikas, 64 Bhairavas and 64 Yoginis were created.

Normally in Shiva temples, idols of Bhairava are situated in the north facing, southern facing direction. He is also called Kṣhetrapāla. He appears in a standing position with four hands. His weapons are drum, pāśa (noose), trident and skull. In some forms of Bhairava, there are more than four hands. He appears without dress and with a dog. His weapons, the dog, protruding teeth, terrifying looks, a garland with red flowers all give him a frightening appearance.

In all Shiva temples, regular puja rituals begin with Surya and end with Bhairava. Bhairava likes ghee bath (abhiṣeka), red flowers, ghee lamp, unbroken coconut, honey, boiled food, fibrous fruits etc. If a Bhairava idol is facing west, it is good; facing south is moderate; facing east is not good. The right time to pray to Bhairavi is midnight. During midnight it is said that Bhairava and his consort Bhairavi will give darśana (appearance) to their devotees. The most appropriate time is a Friday midnight. There are eight types of flowers and leaves used in archana (अर्चन) to Bhairava.

Bhairava is the ultimate form of manifestation or pure "I" consciousness. This form is called Svarṇākarṣṇa Bhairava. He has red or blue complexion and is clothed in golden dress. He has the moon over his head. He has four hands, one of which he holds a golden vessel. He gives wealth and prosperity. Performing pūja on Tuesdays gives quick results. In some of the ancient texts he is said to have thirty two hands, the shape of a bird, golden complexion, terrible teeth, and a human form above the hip. Worshiping him destroys enemies.

Some forms of Bhairava are guardians of the eight cardinal points. There are 64 Bhairavas. These 64 Bhairavas are grouped under 8 categories and each category is headed by one major Bhairava. The major eight Bhairavas are called Aṣṭāṅga Bhairavas. The Ashta Bhairavas control the 8 directions of this universe. Each Bhairava has seven sub Bhairavas under him, totaling 64 Bhairavas. All of the Bhairavas are ruled and controlled by Maha Swarna Kala Bhairava otherwise known as Kala Bhairava, who is the supreme ruler of time of this universe as per some Śaiva tantric scriptures (āgamas). Bhairavi is the consort of Kala Bhairava.[24] The eight Bhairavas are said to represent five elements viz. ākāś, air, fire, water and earth and the other three being sun, moon and ātman. Each of the eight Bhairavas are different in appearance, have different weapons, different vāhanas (vehicles) and they bless their devotees with eight types of wealth representing Ashta Lakshmis. Continuous worship of Bhairava leads the worshiper to a true Guru. There are separate mantras to all the eight Bhairavas.

Bhairava is also called upon as protector, as he guards the eight directions of the universe. In Shiva temples, when the temple is closed, the keys are placed before Bhairava. Bhairava is also described as the protector of women. He is described as the protector of the timid and in general women who are timid in nature.

It is generally believed that worshiping Bhairava gives prosperity, success and good progeny, prevents premature death and solution to debts and liabilities. Different forms of Bhairava evolve only from Śiva, who is called the Mahā Bhairava.

Trika System

Trika and Kashmiri Shaivism names the Absolute Reality(Para Brahman) as Bhairava. The Vijñāna Bhairava Tantra is a key Tantra text of the Trika System. Cast as a discourse between the god Bhairava and his consort Bhairavi it briefly presents 112 Tantric meditation methods or centering techniques (Dharana). The text is a chapter from the Rudrayamala Tantra,a Bhairava Agama. Bhairavi, the goddess, asks Bhairava to reveal the essence of the way to realization of the highest reality. In his answer Bhairava describes 112 ways to enter into the universal and transcendental state of consciousness. References to it appear throughout the literature of Trika, Kashmir Shaivism, indicating that it was considered to be an important text in the schools of Kashmir Shaiva philosophy and Trika.

In Buddhism

Thangka Depicting Vajrabhairava, ca. 1740s. Buddhism also adopted Bhairava (Tibetan: 'Jigs byed; Chinese: Buwei) as a deity and a dharmapala or dharma protector. The various buddhist forms of Bhairava (variously called Herukas, Vajrabhairava, Mahākāla and Yamantaka) are considered fierce deities and yidams (tantric meditational deity) in Tibetan Buddhism. They also have their own set of buddhist tantras, the Vajrabhairava tantras.[34] According to Tibetan tradition, these tantras were revealed to Lalitavajra in Oddiyana in the 10th century. These texts play a particularly important role in the Sarma (new translation) traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, especially among the Gelug school where Vajrabhairava is one of the three central highest yoga tantra practices of the lineage. Because of this, it is also popular in Mongolia as a protector deity and was also popular among the Manchus. The deity is also central to Newar Buddhism. The tantric practices associated with Bhairava focus on the transformation of anger and hatred into understanding.

Worship

See also: Bhairava Ashtami

Kala Bhairava attended by devotees at Kathmandu Durbar Square Temples or shrines to Bhairava are present within or near most Jyotirlinga temples. There are also the sacred twelve shrines dedicated to Shiva which can be found all across India including the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi and the Kal Bhairav temple, Ujjain. The Patal Bhairav and Vikrant Bhairav shrines are located in Ujjain as well.

One of the ancient temples of Kaal Bhairava is situated in Dhuri city (District Sangrur), Punjab. The idol of Kaal Bhairava in the temple was found hundreds of years ago. The temple has been managed by "Baba Shri Pritam Muni Ji" for many years. It is believed that Kaal Bhairava Ji resides here.

Gorat Kashmiris are known to worship Bhairava during Shivratri. The renowned Hindu reformer, Adi Sankara composed a hymn on Kala Bhairava called "Sri Kalabhairava Ashtakam" in the city of Kashi.

Observances

Bhairava Ashtami commemorating the day Kala Bhairava appeared on earth, is celebrated on Krishna paksha Ashtami of the Margashirsha month of the Hindu calendar. It is a day filled with special prayers and rituals.

Iconography

Rakta Bhairava Bhairava is depicted as being ornamented with a range of twisted serpents, which serve as earrings, bracelets, anklets, and sacred thread (yajnopavita). He wears a tiger skin and a ritual apron composed of human bones.[44] Bhairava has a dog (Shvan) as his divine vahana (vehicle). Bhairavi is a fierce and terrifying aspect of the Devi who is virtually indistinguishable from Kali, with the exception of her particular identification as the consort of Bhairava.

Bhairava himself has eight manifestations i.e. Ashta Bhairava:

Asithaanga Bhairava Ruru Bhairava Chanda Bhairava Krodha Bhairava Unmattha Bhairava Kapaala Bhairava Bheeshana Bhairava Samhaara Bhairava Kala Bhairava is conceptualized as the Guru of the planetary deity, Shani (Saturn). Bhairava is known as Bhairavar or Vairavar in Tamil, where he is often presented as a Grama devata or village guardian who safeguards the devotee in eight directions (ettu tikku). Known in Sinhalese as Bahirawa, he is said to protect treasures. Lord Bhairava is the main deity worshiped by the Aghora sect.

List of Bhairava temples

Reflection of blue sky on mask of Shwet Bhairav at Basantapur, Kathmandu, Nepal Bhairava is an important deity of the Newars. All the traditional settlements of Newars have at least one temple of Bhairava. Most of the temples of Bhairava in Nepal are maintained by Newar priests. There are several Bhairava temples in the Kathmandu valley. In south Karnataka, Lord Sri Kalabhairaveshwara is present as Kshetra Palaka in Sri Adichunchanagiri Hills.

Haatha: Shwet Bhairav Kala Bhairava temples can also be found around Shaktipeeths. It is said that Shiva allocated the job of guarding each of the 52 Shaktipeeths to one Bhairava. There are said to be 52 forms of Bhairava, which are considered a manifestation of Shiva himself. Traditionally, Kala Bhairava is the Grama devata in the rural villages of Maharashtra, where he is referred to as "Bhairava/Bhairavnath" and "Bairavar". In Karnataka, Lord Bhairava is the supreme God for the community commonly referred to as Vokkaligas (Gowdas). Especially in the Jogi Vokkaliga, he is considered the caretaker and punisher.[49] Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple of Madhya Pradesh is also popular.

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spinninginthespiral · 4 years

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since i’m busy atm, here’s the current concepts of my toontown ocs so far with nhung being the only one with a name so far LMAO under the cut!

as their designs are planned to be human ocs for an original story about vietnamese-american espers i have, it’s likely there’ll be this running motif that the “good guys” are more likely to be girls w vietnamese names while the “bad guys” are more likely to be boys w white/western names too atm

Toons

🎲 (Toontown Central): Nhung runs Jest for Laughs down at Loopy Lane, but messes around and plays tricks on everyone more often; she has great pride in her skills like taking risks in any situation, which help earn a lot of jellybeans and notoriety for her. While she has intentions to keep things happy around Toontown, they’re more out of self-interest with just causing mischief for the fun of it.

Her design is based on the dice game bầu cua tôm cá, the spotted sika deer in the game (not to mention antler velvet is a thing in traditional medicine), and red velvet cake. Specializes in throw and/or drop gags, taking a gamble with their accuracy rates for strong attacks like her dice rolls.

🌊 (Donald’s Dock): A Toon who spends her time swimming and fishing among the currents of Donald’s Dock, she has practically become one with the water itself, adaptable to gracefully flow along with any situation to sweeping into thunderous, freezing fury when necessary. Ironically, she can seem very rigid and nervous when she’s out of her comfort zone (both metaphorically and literally) experiencing something new like a fish out of water.

Her design would either be based on Vietnamese water puppetry, beautiful fashion like this dress based on the Trần dynasty, and/or sailors and fishermen. Specializes in squirt gags as she thrives in sources of water and practically has hydrokinesis.

💐 (Daisy Gardens): A hardworking gardener cultivating plants around Toontown, she enjoys growing various plants to help the world’s atmosphere and anyone in need of some organic gags or fruits to have enough energy for the day. While she does sell her grown products to everyone, she always maintains affordable prices with the main goal to fairly distribute and trade stuff (she has to use the same jellybeans she earns to plant for her gardening after all gdjhfdj)!

Her design would be based on agricultural aspects of Vietnam, such as farming attire, traditional flowers and fruits, etc. Specializes in toon-up gags as her green thumb has helped flowers, organic gag trees, and Toons flourish alike.

🎵 (Minnie’s Melodyland): A prodigy in the musical arts, this Toon is invested in honing her skills to conduct and play songs powerful enough to bring forth any emotion she wishes. While she likes using her instruments to revive the Laff in fellow Toons with her gardening friend, she also has a hidden side of screaming ear-wrenching nightmares to make cogs explode instantaneously.

Her design would be based on musical instruments (I’m personally debating on whether to focus on modern western instruments, traditional Vietnamese instruments, or both), along with possibly including singing like karaoke, especially as that’s an activity done with friends! Specializes in sound gags, as she’s always ready to let loose and unleash powerful death metal explosions.

⛸️ (The Brrrgh): A strong contender in the local ice skating competitions, this Toon enjoys friendly competition and motivating herself and her friends to always improve. She admires her friend from Donald’s Dock the most in particular, astounded at her graceful aquatic talents practically gliding on the water surface without the need of skates or ice at all.

Her design would be based on snowy aesthetics, and I’m thinking of leaning mostly into the ice skating side of things... Specializes in lure gags, as they’re combined with her skating to show off hypnotic performances impossible to look away from.

✒️ (Donald’s Dreamland): A fantasizing Toon who runs Visible Ink down at Loopy Lane with Nhung for fun, she spends more time at her residence in Donald’s Dreamland (day)dreaming and writing in her dream diary with the sparkling pens in her possession. Loves sleeping to the soothing songs of her musical friend, but also respects and fears her skills in playing and screaming echos that can be heard across all of Toontown.

Her design would be based on dream diaries and ink, and may include toys as well. Specializes in trap gags, as they’re scattered around like toys that haven’t been cleaned up before bedtime, along with the fact the traps are effective without alarming sound gags interrupting her slumber along with the cogs’s as well.

Cogs

📞: A Telemarketer who frequents the streets and phone lines across Toontown, he carries a self-confident attitude talking to anyone and everyone to buy/invest in whatever Totally Reliable And Actually Existing Product he’s “selling” or just listen to him in general. However, Nhung is the only one who constantly disregards and makes fun of his schpiels with a bantering attitude instead, and thus annoys him to no end.

🌱: During an invasion, this Bean Counter descended into the streets of Daisy Gardens and was caught off guard by the great amount of colors in the local flora he had never seen before in the other streets. Deciding to investigate these strange lifeforms as vibrant and energetic as the Toons, he eventually became enamored with meticulously collecting jellybeans and growing them into full-fledged plants, even having his gardening activities approved of when showing off his creations like organic money trees.

🔪: Sharpening his blades down the streets of Polar Place, this Back Stabber has an arsenal of weaponry... his most prized being a pair of ice skates. In the beginning, he initially had a piercing interest in doing his job with as much efficiency as possible, and picked up skating with the intent to increase the speed of productivity and battles against the Toons. Now he enjoys skating to his own leisure and competing in ice skating battles more these days, but would be defensive and try to claim otherwise if questioned about it.

🧀: An absolute blockhead of a cog, this Big Cheese always acts like a hotshot with his former fame being a formidable high rank among the Bossbots, all while also deliberately sidestepping armor-piercing topics like his incapability to fly with the lack of a propeller, gaping holes in his head, lacking a group attack, and being considered the weakest tier 8 cog for traits like these. Even with the days of glory behind him, he still adamantly tries to keep up with the current trend of what’s “cool”, constantly jumping the Loan Sharks.

🎭: The combined forces, or more accurately, faces, of Double Talker and Two-Face parts melded together during a low resource day in the factories, these two brothers both strive to earn great acclaim and attention to prove themselves... but the thing is, they struggle with such drastically differing personalities, desired ways to achieve their goals, and the predicament of sharing a single body. Even though they oppose each other often, they still stick together and secretly admit the concept of having their own separate body and losing their brother would feel wrong in the end.

#toonblr #mira rambles #wip

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madewithonerib · 4 years

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Jonah 4:10-11 | But the LORD said, “You cared about the plant, which you neither tended nor made grow. It sprang up in a night & perished in a night."

So should I not care about the great city of Nineveh, which has >120,000 people who cannot tell their right hand from their left, & many cattle as well?”

cattle as well?” וּבְהֵמָ֖ה (ū·ḇə·hê·māh) Strong's Hebrew 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

Donald Spence Jones [1836-1917] | Jonah 4:11

Verse 11—Should not I spare Ninevah? The contrast between the feeling & conduct of GOD & those of the prophet is very forcible.

You have compassion for a plant of little worth, in whose growth you have had no concern, to which you have no right; should I not pity a great city which is MINE, which I have permitted to grow into power?

You have compassion on a flower which sprang up in a day & withered in a day;

should I not pity this town with its teeming population & its multitude of cattle,

the least of which is more worth than any senseless plant,

& which I uphold daily with MY providence?

Six score thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand & their left hand; ie children of tender years, who did not know which hand was the strongest & fittest for use; or, metaphorically, who had no knowledge between good & evil" [Deuteronomy 1:39], at present incapable of moral discernment.

Deuteronomy 1:39 | And the little ones you said would become captives—your children who on that day did not know good from evil—will enter the land that I will give them, & they will possess it.

This limitation would include children of three or four years old; &, taking these as one-fifth of the population, we should set the inhabitants at six hundred thousand in number.

The multitude of these innocent children, who must needs perish if the city were destroyed, is an additional reason why it should be spared.

A still further claim for compassion is appended.

And also much cattle. GOD's mercy is over all HIS works; HE preserves man & beast [Psalm 36:6; Psalm 145:9], & as man is superior to other animals, so are cattle better than plants.

Psalm 36:6 | YOUR righteousness is like the highest mountains, YOUR judgments like the deepest sea. O LORD, YOU preserve man & beast.

Psalm 145:9 | The LORD is good to all; HIS compassion rests on all HE has made.

The book ends abruptly, but its object is accomplished.

Jonah is silenced; he can make no reply; he can only confess that he is entirely wrong, & that GOD is righteous.

He learns the lesson that GOD would have all men saved, & that that narrow-mindedness which would exclude heathen from HIS kingdom is displeasing to HIM & alien from HIS design.

Keil & Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the OT

The short, cursory explanation of the reason for the lamentation opened here, is followed in Amos 5:4 by the more elaborate proof, that Israel has deserved to be destroyed, because it has done the very opposite of what GOD demands of HIS people.

GOD requires that they should seek HIM, & forsake idolatry, in order to live [Amos 5:4-6];

but Israel on the contrary, turns right into unrighteousness, without fearing the Almighty GOD & HIS judgment [Amos 5:7-9].

This unrighteousness GOD must punish [Amos 5:10-12].

Amos 5:10-12 | There are those who hate the one who reproves in the gate & despise him who speaks with integrity. Therefore, because you trample on the poor & exact from him a tax of grain, you will never live in the stone houses you have built; you will never drink the wine from the lush vineyards you have planted. For I know that your transgressions are many & your sins are numerous. You oppress the righteous, taking bribes & depriving the poor of justice at the gates.

Amos 5:4, "For thus saith YHWH to the house of Israel, Seek ye ME, & live.

Amos 5:5, And seek not Bethel, & come not to Gilgal, & go not over to Beersheba: for Gilgal repays it with captivity, & Bethel comes to nought.

Amos 5:6, Seek YHWH, & live; that HE fall not upon the house of Joseph like fire, & it devour, & there be none to quench it for Bethel."

The kı̄ in Amos 5:4 is co-ordinate to that in Amos 5:3, "Seek ME, & live," for "Seek ME, so shall you live."

For this meaning of two imperatives, following directly the one upon the other [see Ewald, 347, b.]

חיה, not merely to remain alive, not to perish, but to obtain possession of true life.

GOD can only be sought, however, in HIS revelation, or in the manner in which HE wishes to be sought & worshipped.

This explains the antithesis, "Seek not Bethel," etc.

In addition to Bethel & Gilgal [see at Amos 4:4], Beersheba, which was in the southern part of Judah, is also mentioned here, being the place where Abraham had called upon the LORD [Genesis 21:33],

& where the LORD had appeared to Isaac & Jacob [Genesis 26:24 & Genesis 46:1; Genesis 21:31].

These sacred reminiscences from the olden time had caused Beersheba to be made into a place of idolatrous worship, to which the Israelites went on pilgrimage beyond the border of their own kingdom [עבר].

But visiting these idolatrous places of worship did no good, for the places themselves would be given up to destruction.

Gilgal would wander into captivity [an expression used here on account of the similarity in the ring of גּלגּל & גּלה יגלה].

Bethel would become 'âven, that is to say, not "an idol" here, but "nothingness," though there is an allusion to the change of Beth-el [GOD's house] into Beth-'âven [an idol-house; see at Hosea 4:15].

The Judaean Beersheba is passed over in the threat, because the primary intention of Amos is simply to predict the destruction of the kingdom of the ten tribes.

After this warning the prophet repeats the exhortation to seek YHWH, & adds this threatening, "that YHWH come not like fire upon the house of Joseph"

[tsâlach, generally construed with ‛al or 'el, cf. Judges 14:19; Judges 15:14; 1 Samuel 10:6; here with an accusative, to fall upon a person],

"and it [the fire] devour, without there being any to extinguish it for Bethel." Bethel, as the chief place of worship in Israel, is mentioned here for the kingdom itself, which is called the "house of Joseph,"

from Joseph the father of Ephraim, the most powerful tribe in that kingdom.

To add force to this warning, Amos [Amos 5:7-9] exhibits the moral corruption of the Israelites, in contrast with the omnipotence of YHWH as it manifests itself in terrible judgments.

Amos 5:7, "They that change right into wormwood, & bring righteousness down to the earth.

Amos 5:8, HE that makes the seven stars & Orion, & turns the shadow of death into morning, & darkens day to night: that calls to the waters of the sea, & pours them over the surface of the earth; YHWH is HIS name.

Amos 5:9, Who causes desolation to flash upon the strong, & desolation comes upon the fortress."

The sentences in Amos 5:7-8 are written without any connecting link.

The participle in Amos 5:7 cannot be taken as an address, for it is carried on in the third person [hinnı̄chū], not in the second.

And hahōphekhı̄m [who turn] cannot be in apposition to Beth-el, since the latter refers not to the inhabitants, but to the houses.

As Amos is generally fond of a participial construction [Amos 2:7; Amos 4:13], so in a spirited address he likes to utter the thoughts one after another without any logical link of connection.

As a matter of fact, hahōphekhı̄m is connected with bēth-yōsēph [the house of Joseph], "Seek the LORD, ye of the house of Joseph, who turn right into wrong;"

but instead of this connection, he proceeds with a simple description, They are turning," etc.

La‛ănâh, wormwood, a bitter plant, is a figurative term denoting bitter wrong

[Amos 6:12], the actions of men being regarded, according to Deuteronomy 29:17, as the fruits of their state of mind.

Laying righteousness on the ground [hinnı̄ăch from nūăch] answers to our "trampling under feet." Hitzig has correctly explained the train of thought in Amos 5:7-8:

"They do this, whereas YHWH is the Almighty, & can bring destruction suddenly upon them."

To show this antithesis, the article which takes the place of the relative is omitted from the participles ‛ōsēh & hōphēkh.

The description of the divine omnipotence commences with the creation of the brightly shining stars; then follow manifestations of this omnipotence, which are repeated in the government of the world.

Kı̄mâh, lit., the crowd, is the group of seven stars, the constellation of the Pleiades.

Kesı̄l, the gate, according to the ancient versions the giant, is the constellation of Orion.

The two are mentioned together in Job 9:9 & Job 38:31 [see Delitzsch on the latter].

Job 9:9 | HE is the Maker of the Bear & Orion, of the Pleiades & the constellations of the south.

Job 38:31 | Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?

And HE also turns the darkest night into morning, & darkens the day into night again.

These words refer to the regular interchange of day & night; for tsalmâveth, the shadow of death, i.e., thick darkness, never denotes the regularly recurring gloominess of night, but the appalling gloom of night [Job 24:17], more especially of the night of death

[Job 3:5; Job 10:21-22; Job 38:17; Psalm 44:20], the unlighted depth of the heart of the earth [Job 28:3], the darkness of the prison [Psalm 107:10, Psalm 107:14], also of wickedness [Job 12:22; Job 34:22],

of sufferings [Job 16:16; Jeremiah 13:16; Psalm 23:4], & of spiritual misery [Isaiah 9:1].

Isaiah 9:1 | Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those in distress. In the past HE humbled the land of Zebulun & the land of Naphtali, but in the future HE will honor the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles:

Consequently the words point to the judicial rule of the Almighty in the world.

As the Almighty turns the darkness of death into light, & the deepest misery into prosperity & health,

[Note: Theodoret has given a correct explanation, though he does not quite exhaust the force of the words:

"It is easy for HIM to turn even the greatest dangers into happiness; for by the shadow of death he means great dangers.

And it is also easy to bring calamity upon those who are in prosperity."]

so HE darkens the bright day of prosperity into the dark night of adversity, & calls to the waters of the sea to pour themselves over the earth like the flood, & to destroy the ungodly.

The idea that by the waters of the sea, which pour themselves out at the call of GOD over the surface of the earth, we are to understand the moisture which rises from the sea & then falls upon the earth as rain, no more answers to the words themselves, than the idea expressed by Hitzig, that they refer to the water of the rivers & brooks, which flow out of the sea as well as into it [Ecclesiastes 1:7].

The words suggest the thought of terrible inundations of the earth by the swelling of the sea, & the allusion to the judgment of the flood can hardly be overlooked.

This judicial act of the Almighty, no strong man & no fortress can defy.

With the swiftness of lightning HE causes desolation to smite the strong man.

Bâlag, lit., micare, used in the Arabic to denote the lighting up of the rays of the dawn, hiphil to cause to light up, is applied here to motion with the swiftness of lightning;

it is also employed in a purely metaphorical sense for the lighting up of the countenance

[Psalm 39:14; Job 9:27; Job 10:20].

In Amos 5:9 the address is continued in a descriptive form; יבוא has not a causative meaning.

The two clauses of this v. point to the fate which awaits the Israelites who trust in their strength & their fortifications [Amos 6:13].

And yet they persist in unrighteousness.

#Jonah 4:11 #special mercy #infants #children #no moral compass #good from evil #GOD's compassion #Ninevah #rebuke #Jonah

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star-light-fae · 7 years

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Personal Headcanons of Elins in Tera Online

This is an assorted list of all the headcanons I have for Elins, compiled together from discussions of other fellow Tera lore theorists. This post will be updated when I make more headcanons about Elins. You are welcome to borrow some of these lore theories. If you do not agree with some of the theories, that is fine. You are entitled to your opinion as am I.

This post is mainly useful for when I roleplay with other fellow Tera players as my own Elins follow these headcanons.

Elins in general:

-Like most animals, Elins like to snuggle with one another in a big pile to establish trust. Typically seen amongst best friends and siblings

-The animal tails are very sensitive-they do NOT like their tails being touched without permission-it is very uncomfortable and sometimes painful if one touches their tail without them knowing

-Those with long, versatile tails, use them for balance to be more nimble

-Elins who are more magic-tuned will train as temporary students at the Elderitch Academy

-Many Elins are more comfortable with forests. Those who live in Allementheia are often irritated by the lack of the lush nature of home-though some have adapted to the barren environment (Many Elins see those ones as ‘Odd’ from their kind)

-Elins will often have characteristic traits of the animal they are. Certain senses are stronger for certain animals (ex: hearing, sight, and smell)

-Typically, the more unintelligent an animal is, the less an Elin is with those animal features (ex: many Sheep Elins are known to have a lower IQ than any other Elin with other animal features, even so they are still treated the same as the rest of their brethren)

-The animals Elins take part of are mainly mammals though there have been extremely rare cases of an Elin having the features of an insect but very few have occurred

Elin Cuisine:

-Meals generally consist of mostly vegetables with a healthy amount of protein and carbs

-Generally, whatever animal features an Elin has, tends to dictate what kinds of food they prefer (Example: many rabbit Elins are vegetarians and do not eat meat) (Sheep and Squirrel Elins sometimes eat meat but very rarely

-Being initially nature spirits, Elins have a love for vegetables (Hence why a cat Elin is not exclusively a carnivore)

There are two generations of Elins:

-Elinu-generation and Seren-generation. All Elins today in the world of Tera (minus the royalty Elins-but we will get to that later) are Seren-generation.

-These generations also apply to Popori, as seen in the next theory

Elins are NOT related to Popori:

-Elins were created by Elinu and they in turn, used their magic to shape the animals of the forest into humanoids to help them cultivate nature. Elinu-generation Elins could create Popori but after Elinu’s death/disappearance, the Seren-generation Elins could not, thus Seren took upon the task of creating Popori herself

Seren-generation Elins are born from flowers:

-There is no need for procreation of Elins as Elinu initially created the race’s vessels to be pure, perfect in every way, like the spirits they harbored. When the Goddess was still around, she simply created the Elins into being immediately. Seren though, being a lesser deity in age and rank (She was created from one of Balder’s eyes; Balder is one of Elinu’s children and thus one could argue that Elinu is Seren’s grandmother), cannot easily form a vessel of flesh immediately. Using the plants, which the Elin spirits are associated with initially, Seren morphed the foliage to create bodies for the Elins of her generation.

-When a new Elin is to be born, a flower stalk will grow from the waters around Pora Elinu (The great tree is built around a garden for the flowers). The flower grows a large bud, creating the Elin’s body within, like an incubator; during this stage, Seren guides a nature spirit to inhabit the body. Once the body has been completely formed, the flower opens, revealing the Elin inside

-Popori of the Seren-generation, are born from trees like fruit

-Siblings are born from the same flower. Pora Elinu residents keep records of what kind of flower each Elin is born to. Some Elins who are adults or have passed on already, will have siblings born from the same flower they were born from, much later

-Twins are rare and can either be born from two buds on a flower stem or from a single, large bud (much rarer)

Elins are born genderless and sexless:

-As said before, their race has no need to procreate. Their bodies are initially smooth with no genitals of any kind, as they have no use for them.

-Most Elins tend to identify as female in honor of their initial creator, Elinu. There are some Elins who identify as male though

-Once an Elin has lived past 100+, they may begin developing genitals depending on what gender they have been identifying as. Even so, they still cannot procreate and may use said genitals for sexual pleasure if they so desire

Elins mature mentally at a slow rate:

-Following the idea of character races in DnD, Elins do not fully mature until they are around 50-60 in human lives (1 Elin year = 2.25 human years)

-When initially “born”, they act more like children. This is because their spirits are still young and playful in their new bodies

-Those who have lived past the mature age have a definite difference from younger Elins due to their wisdom and experience. Typically, most Elins one meets outside of Pora Elinu are fully mature

Elins currently have no age limit in their lifespan:

-Aside from diseases, war, etc., Elins do not die of old age. This is because they are spirits of nature, given a vessel of flesh. The cells in their bodies have merged with their spirits and thus, like their spirits, are long-lasting. Because they were initially spirits of nature, they have a strong bond with their Goddesses who created them, further fueling the idea that their bodies will not die from age.

-All the Elins from the Elinu-generation have, unfortunately, died out from the many wars-the remaining survivor of that generation is the Elin Queen.

Elin bodies do age, just at a very, very slow rate:

-Similar to their age of full maturity, Elins bodies do grow, just very slowly. Initially with bodies of children or young teens, should an Elin live long enough, (around 500 years or so) their body looks more like a young adult.

-Elins who have decided on what gender they wish to identify as, may develop a visible chest

-An adult Elin is said to look very much like the Goddess Elinu-not surprising as they are her initial creation

-So far, only the Elin Queen is the only known Elin to have lived long enough to reach full adult stage

Most Elins do not Dream

-Being initially spirits from the Dream, Elins minds do not enter it while they sleep; Elins who are more in tune with magic though, especially Priests and Mystics are able to feel the Dream during their slumbers as it is where they draw their magic from

-Some Reapers are said to be able to enter the Dream-but only in the dark parts where the shadows fester

-Elins who can enter the Dream are able to go further, and sometimes be able to communicate with the Gods-including those who do not have a physical presence in the world anymore

-Current known Elins who can Dream: Rida and Syona

The Elin Queen and royalty:

-The Elin Queen is the last of the Elinu-generation Elins. Because of this, she is the only Elin who can still create Popori from animals

-Being very old, she has lived long enough to have her body resemble an adult woman-some say she resembles the Goddess Elinu in every aspect

-Interestingly enough, she is also the only Elin to be able to bear children. This is because her body is an adults’. The Elin Princesses of Pora Elinu are her only offspring (Seren assisted the Queen in making her children; they are considered virgin-birth children); The Princesses, the only Elin babies to exist, grew rapidly to the child-form stage that Elins typically are within a matter of days

-It is not known yet if the Elin Princesses will also be able to have children like their mother

-Current known Princesses are Rida, Arin, Syona and Zolyn

-Princess Syona and Zolyn are twins

Reapers:

-Reapers are Elins from the Seren-generation who died in the past and were brought back by Seren due to their anger against their beloved home, Pora Elinu, and the great tree being destroyed

-There are no Reapers from the Elinu-generation

-Reapers appeared near the end of the Argon war. Following the timeline of Tera’s storyline, Reapers came about when the player character, Mystel’s Chosen One went to confront Saleron and take on his challenge in his garden

-Reapers draw on the dark powers of the Dream-the shadows

-Utilizing the shadows has a very dangerous effect as it is controlled heavily by the rage and anguish of the Reaper

-Those who cannot control the shadows succumb to the darkness and become corrupted souls; While many Reapers almost converted to this state initially when they appeared to avenge Pora Elinu, the sight of their beloved Princess Rida and loved ones calmed their souls. Even so, some still fell into the darkness and had to be taken down soon after

-The surviving Reapers had their gravestones and names from the deceased record books removed until further notice

-Elins who died traumatic deaths tend to have an even stronger connection to the shadows; Elins who died young are not as in tune with the darkness

-Demonic horned Elins did not exist until after the Reapers appeared-this is due to the amount of darkness an Elin’s soul held before they were resurrected as a Reaper; the shadows from the Reapers when they first appeared corrupted the soil in which the flowers that Elins are born from grows, thus some Elins born post-Pora Elinu destruction are seen with these horns

-While the demonic horns replace other animal features that a Reaper had before their death (ex: Elin before used to be a squirrel-now has demonic horns), they still may carry the animal traits from before (ex: ex-squirrel Elin having a great ability of balance; ex-fox Elin with heightened sense of smell)

#tera #tera online #tera lore #headcanon #elin #tera misc

26 notes · View notes

jenningslie-blog · 5 years

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what dude

https://www.google.com/search?q=photos+of+woodened+houses&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwir34iErMPlAhVNVhoKHZqmAEwQsAR6BAgIEAE&biw=1280&bih=953

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=953&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=ESy5XYL5HcGca_uAj-gG&q=photos+of+thick+metal+plate&oq=photos+of+thick+metal+plate&gs_l=img.3…39925.44487..44965…0.0..0.254.4040.2-17……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0.6rnAfTCf6kE&ved=0ahUKEwjCxbeFrMPlAhVBzhoKHXvAA20Q4dUDCAc&uact=5

Click the link above and see how you can tell the constructor to put the thick metal in-between ya wooden-ed houses in every wall to reduce the risk of being attack by gangsters.

Mochanda bwana, siunitole samthing ee-wet his penis changu, othiege manda bwana, koyo ni-ng’ich, to cold conducive 4 pumpamo.

Uhuru kenya and the malindi death, now he has gone distributing cash to dignitaries to take home their share. If you keep ya money badly you are kidnap or killed, so is a mirror of the feature bro to people. Click the link below 4 more

https://www.nation.co.ke/counties/kilifi/Italian-tourist-found-dead-Malindi/1183282-4742652-29edc0/index.html

And the money is well distributed bro.

Magdalin anasema, ekawo mand ng’aa, wuoru kose nerwho, enduko jowa, kwani umechukuwa mbolo chanani asks kebi magdalin, you have taken the penis of who, ya father- unachimba mno. Mit jowa, tamu mtu wangu. Nidinye jo, jomba, nakufeeli bro. Mimi nasikia ewilaba yaani kwa glan swears kebi. This weather suits pumping something yani kupeleka kitu, i mean swoyo gimolo- em em em tamu My Girl says kebi to Robinson

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/kebiyouth

Took nebucadneza to hell

when you visualize it u see hell door being lowered 4 you when you meditate. Charging a 24 v wet cell using the starter and the battery system. Click the link below 4 more as well how they are connected 2 charge the wet cell

https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+heavy+vehicle+used+for+farming&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikw_Pc58PlAhUs1eAKHdanDLQQsAR6BAgFEAE&biw=1280&bih=881#imgrc=Mcv2k1lG6Uh2VM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=MWu5XbHfN8m6admksIAP&q=photos+showing+tructor+alternator+and+starter+how+they+are+connected&oq=photos+showing+tructor+alternator+and+starter+how+they+are+connected&gs_l=img.3…13215.17693..18666…0.0..0.222.4718.0j7j16……0….1..gws-wiz-img.M5xoNub9AfU&ved=0ahUKEwjxu6mf6MPlAhVJXRoKHVkSDPAQ4dUDCAc&uact=5

Today’s standard news Kenya shows part of the malindi death money and the price of petty theft around bro. The post cars on the front page dude.

My firm will give people loans from 10, 000 to 100, 000 but payable 4 20 years at the rate of 5 % per anum. The beauty you can pay per day, weekly or monthly via mobile money or bank card. Like with $ 100 you pay a dime daily at that rate as well applies to $1000. The name as suggested by colleagues will be UpgradefinancialServices. Keep watch bro, to empower people with low income capability.

You will be left alone like a flag post left on top of a mountaintop bro in this link below

https://biblehub.com/isaiah/30-17.htm

My emails others i used to open up tumblr a/c with are nelsonasni and modivincent or nelson2monde10 both at gmail.com, check 4 my particular under following page of the tumblr a/c to get into these accounts bro. stop many words.

The teachers of the law all came on the plane including the or pharisees. The present day kisumu court is where Christ was taken 4 answering ten proceeded to Nebuchadnezzar palace but after his demise at onding. Dont say i didn’t warn you bro- fire, lighter, setter etc

Now you see the dead horse, put in the mouth of the tractor used to scoop things on the road and then lift them unto a lorry 4 example. To signal defeat bro or buy from Malaysia as it has defeated them or show how Malaysia made their gadgets out of to as well finish their price so you buy from ya nation.

Using food to make gadgets takes ya to hell fire as well as tructor coz its made using big logs, stones, crocodile and its illegal in the bible to cut trees 4 such, any gadget made out of this got that feeling bro

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/euniceriverside

Kikuyu shortly after they were brought to the earth by the green-man they continue their rudeness of making gadgets with trees or food. The Gidionites who lived next to Nairobi meaning the tree cuts, king of the jew to cement the truth and the curse was on their lower incisor teeth, the 1st two as well as the alternating in and out Mexican teeth, they were as well as the kikuyous. Making of gadgets mog, now i have told them am gonna do tatoo so they dont quit still saying am a beneficiary of the land percel yet i have told them us to vist the jury to eliminate my name from the lien. What do you want with me, your food, if you refuse they give you names bro or aim a gun at u from the back without you knowing which upset ya brain and makes you wild. Come out dude and hurl that gun straight unto my 4head stop dilly dallying bro. Make gadgets out of corpse or mafi wont take you to hell coz its waste bro as opposed to food or living creatures dude.

If you can see your all posts on tumblr a/c with another tumblr or what you followed in your previous tumblr you can still see via the new opened tumblr then you dont loose bro, whats the problem if you cut both the email address used to open that a/c and the tumblr password as well so you dont get into it. Explaining this shit they dont want, if they get it put a gun on ya head without ya consent from behind, want to be with ya or in ya house or wanna touch ya manhood. Stop dude, with me am kill you or organing massive and brutal killing with panga like the luya wid 500 people killed on cold blood coz the police as well is in this bullshit bro. Question is how will justice surface, the answer is the violent take it by force as win their justice and that justice is massive panga cutting of the identified such culprits period.

2 shocks 1 elastic and 1 bristle to take back the elastic 1 to its position when so much compressed so the car or plane dont look like leaping and the elastic 1 to still make the plane or car stand when the bristle one breaks bro.

Santiago violence just a creation to see how they rush that they are good in helping people yet with evidence has failed to help a fellow man in Africa whom they took its cash employing corrupt deals in his case. It will be war coz every other nation has learnt automation and how to make ammunition bro while trump & entourage still laughs at the nyeupehouse bro to test people.

click the link below to find how the heat regulator of an iron reduced electric current that you can use to charge your 24 v or 12 v wet cell after you have certified with a volt meter the out put is either 12 or 24 volts depending with the wet cell you own bro.

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+heat+controller+of+an+iron+box+photos&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZuMWapcPlAhVGCxoKHfvUAMsQsAR6BAgFEAE&biw=1280&bih=953

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRnYp8foJks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYkr1xk_eoU

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=953&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=CSW5XYq9FIvIaJqTuig&q=images+of+a+volt+meter+photos&oq=images+of+a+volt+meter+photos&gs_l=img.3…187622.194686..195574…0.0..0.1137.11307.3-3j2j2j5j4……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0.S0uwFeZpMpE&ved=0ahUKEwjK5YarpcPlAhULJBoKHZqJDgUQ4dUDCAc&uact=5

The link below show the type of the volt meter for your step-down/step up transformer, whether digital or manual but digital has a lot of shortcoming & side effects bro

From the enclosed box, tank, containers gadgets like phones, watches, tv are made the same with aero-planes, bus, or big machines which cant fit the tank when you salivate, puk, urinate or hurl sperms unto the container surface but with the big machines you climb unto the roof top of the company building and you do the same, it can be a big church or hall as well. The offering is constant, cotton wool, melons, okwaju seeds or just fruit seed, vegetables, mafi, stones even 4 wheat flour.

Kanisa ya Golgotha/Calvary is the place where a church rest on on your way to Onding from bar kalare primary school, the road that leads to ramula, that junction bro. In-fact Judas Iscariot hanged himself to prove he was Arab there not Nigerians who fear death, suffering and do open things bro. It was a blessing in disguise, he never went to hell but heaven.. Thank God bro!!! And Lolwe estate was the Garden of a long time friend of mine called Gethsemane, A Greek settle who was cultivating flowers as flowers needs somehow dry land like lolwe. Puodho mar Gethsemane when translated is Garden of Gethsemane in English. A great friend in deed.

Let people find your blogs through this address you provided in tumbler under settings, it changes from blue to grey when you click that option on that box bro.

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/jenningslie

https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard/blog/kebiyouth

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/signupbrother

https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard/blog/skyhighmonde https://www.tumblr.com/blog/wekasasa https://www.tumblr.com/blog/signupbrother

open ya tumblr and click the links above to open in the new tab.

My baby my Girlfriend not kid in the USA, English differ bro

Click the links below and see how if the machines below are connected to the timing chain of a vehicle it moves the car fitting the motor in the combustion of that car section or plane or boat or motor bike etc https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTEC5Y6nlBqf4twVzYEOSYWukyKfQ%3A1572263157103&sa=1&ei=9dS2XYf7BcaKatHIkIgO&q=photos+of+metal+drill+machine&oq=photos+of+metal+drill+machine&gs_l=img.3…7517.9699..10069…0.0..0.313.2086.2-6j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.9ggn8TCr6uM&ved=0ahUKEwjHyePX8L7lAhVGhRoKHVEkBOEQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTTDTi8Epy0Y901k5_9Fmtohs95RA%3A1572263169771&sa=1&ei=AdW2Xf7gLvWQ1fAPj8KJkAw&q=photos+of+metal+grinder+machine&oq=photos+of+metal+grinder+machine&gs_l=img.3…118304.119942..121176…0.0..0.301.1854.2-6j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.b48ySCE4wjU&ved=0ahUKEwi-5ejd8L7lAhV1SBUIHQ9hAsIQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNRGw72yL2L8FileFJhg_YLiDGrvQg%3A1572263292951&sa=1&ei=fNW2XbDUOdHuxgP5_7zACg&q=photos+of+a+car+startor+mounted+on+the+engine&oq=photos+of+a+car+startor+mounted+on+the+engine&gs_l=img.3…8744.23124..23863…0.0..0.561.10828.2-25j7j2j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0i67j0j0i24j0i30.nxt7cR9Kjsw&ved=0ahUKEwiwgseY8b7lAhVRt3EKHfk_D6gQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNSsU0Qdnr3nmq-tNEtljsBp7WjvdQ%3A1572263318492&sa=1&ei=ltW2XZbfHdKIaYzPsNAE&q=photos+of+a+car+timing+chain+from+the+combustion+section&oq=photos+of+a+car+timing+chain+from+the+combustion+section&gs_l=img.3…26065.38005..38745…0.0..0.566.12457.2-20j18j1j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.PVyw_JNIs50&ved=0ahUKEwiWgt6k8b7lAhVSRBoKHYwnDEoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 The car starter as well produces power if rotated and you can mount it on a whirlybird to produce power bro Yesternight kbi was crying “minaj kinda you have taken the genes of the pussy of your mother, your pussy sweet” and Nancy “Nikamakwamba umechukuwa senye cha mama chako, tamu” He could stop the cry as he cried helplessly bro. To Mochanda and Magalin “chakkagimikao thel minu, theli mit nduko to ndukle, wajameni nifanye nini, nisaidiane wamama” Click the link below 4 more https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTrHH0d2SOu2lkJWdvIoMCIJIeRJA%3A1572263358591&sa=1&ei=vtW2XcPjI_yJ1fAPm-26yAM&q=photos+of+amini+bread+making+machine&oq=photos+of+amini+bread+making+machine&gs_l=img.3…282194.288581..288905…0.0..0.344.6459.2-25j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0j0i10i24.G50BozVfhaU&ved=0ahUKEwjDuu238b7lAhX8RBUIHZu2DjkQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNSpH3Hvv4TmUBuOGs_rqY2NhlUN4g%3A1572263649693&sa=1&ei=4da2XYSDKuiV1fAP25-hiAg&q=photos+of+amini+cake+making+machine&oq=photos+of+amini+cake+making+machine&gs_l=img.3…28728.34180..34456…0.0..0.375.4780.2-18j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.LtJsbm6MWrs&ved=0ahUKEwjE99TC8r7lAhXoShUIHdtPCIEQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=917&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTOtbUYoDkVrhKRS4y5P-P4Ix-dGw%3A1572263686450&sa=1&ei=Bte2XaaYG6yKlwTssZCIBQ&q=photos+of+amini+poshomill&oq=photos+of+amini+poshomill&gs_l=img.3…7248.9085..9845…0.0..0.381.2425.2-8j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.XOE6ke_rD1U&ved=0ahUKEwims5jU8r7lAhUsxYUKHewYBFEQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 Skipy x2, skipy the bush Kangaroo- this guide you bro and i wonder and say go march in it song as go to a nation they frustrate you but dont get out soon, walk into it while skipy tells you learn to lift people out a problem or situation always and the whites need to get out of Australia, be jumpy jumpy in ya deeds and boom you make it, never be straight 4ward bro. Wasee munajuwa binarex2 song takes me high dude. Loss mar pi, the water tank option to be used in temperate lands during summer bro- guiding light bro. Sinse kuku ya kienyeji are used to make money the government should collect all of them and keep inventory to thwart such bro even of other nations as well. It should be a law dude also to stop illicit traders from making of illegal money.

how power is produced bro

The link below show the step down step up transformer that can perform the same duty as the welding machine https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNS4JqrUwnY9zqpuJqAlOAc6TIB_0A:1572327572957&q=images+of+step+down+step+up+transformer+120v-240v&tbm=isch&source=univ&sxsrf=ACYBGNS4JqrUwnY9zqpuJqAlOAc6TIB_0A:1572327572957&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRmtPT4MDlAhURO8AKHSbiBpcQsAR6BAgJEAE&biw=1280&bih=881 https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=photos+showing+how+to+connect+2+or+more+step+down+step+up+transformer+120v-240v You connect two solar panels like 37 volts each to give ya 74 volts in maximum sunlight then channel it to the step up section as 120 v inlet then gives you 150 volts and you can have another step down/up transformer in case the sunlight intensity decreases to bring up a power surge you add it unto it on the outlet of the 1st step up transformer to up the power again and even you can have up-to 3 such transformers but need to be connected with a qualified electrician. You can incorporate a voltmeter to show you the power surge and instead of another step up you can use a battery back up 4 the computer bro. Can old tape decoders be transformed into CD player to up their utility by removing the tape section and fixing the cd gadget like the cd writer inside. They brought good mood and sense into the surrounding. Click the link below 4 more https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=photos+showing+old+cassette+decorders+vhs https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNQWJwgWmL8Ll7aUIGOhPGiqOD3i1A:1572328280714&q=photos+showing+old+vhs+recorders&tbm=isch&source=univ&sxsrf=ACYBGNQWJwgWmL8Ll7aUIGOhPGiqOD3i1A:1572328280714&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFsZGl48DlAhVgQ0EAHWerDZUQsAR6BAgJEAE&biw=1280&bih=881 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQkKWkaOP1JxlpuKNKF2s3zwtktOQ%3A1572328286815&sa=1&ei=XtO3XcmvMbTJgwfkrqnoBQ&q=photos+showing+old+vhs+recorders+indside+parts&oq=photos+showing+old+vhs+recorders+indside+parts&gs_l=img.3…91461.100022..100562…0.0..1.304.3626.2-12j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.JimsWpTL4c0&ved=0ahUKEwjJ1oWo48DlAhW05OAKHWRXCl0Q4dUDCAc&uact=5 You can cut the wires that leads to the shinny cylindrical gadget that the tape rest on to produce pictures to make one, suggestion by Mr Barack. Click the link below 4 the shinny surface pictures https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQkKWkaOP1JxlpuKNKF2s3zwtktOQ%3A1572328286815&sa=1&ei=XtO3XcmvMbTJgwfkrqnoBQ&q=photos+showing+old+vhs+recorders+indside+parts&oq=photos+showing+old+vhs+recorders+indside+parts&gs_l=img.3…91461.100022..100562…0.0..1.304.3626.2-12j2……0….1..gws-wiz-img.JimsWpTL4c0&ved=0ahUKEwjJ1oWo48DlAhW05OAKHWRXCl0Q4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=X5BbT8Q-KQ3o7M: The same step down/up transformer in the above link can be connected to a car alternator mounted on a whirlybird or mounted on the end of the mouth of a water pump while the motor part is removed, still produce power to light ya house or mounted on the car starter. Click the links below 4 more https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ACYBGNTXrkwZAq8UIgU1fkPduNQnApvVMA:1572328670247&q=photos+of+whirly+bird&tbm=isch&source=univ&sxsrf=ACYBGNTXrkwZAq8UIgU1fkPduNQnApvVMA:1572328670247&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidzfDe5MDlAhUWilwKHZz7CmgQsAR6BAgJEAE&biw=1280&bih=881 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQCGfOL7FtsmaMLwsO1U6zAEtZp-Q%3A1572328674475&sa=1&ei=4tS3XebYHIG7gweq2Km4AQ&q=photos+of+a+car+alternator&oq=photos+of+a+car+alternator&gs_l=img.3…34249.38442..38929…0.0..0.259.3820.2-16……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0j0i24j0i30.QO2a9tIa8Ic&ved=0ahUKEwjm0fLg5MDlAhWB3eAKHSpsChcQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQrY5eDMsd3kOqJQVJeAIWzNf88nw%3A1572328715445&sa=1&ei=C9W3XfDoGtCX1fAPvfWM2A0&q=photos+of+a+car+starter&oq=photos+of+a+car+starter&gs_l=img.3…10821.12215..13198…0.0..0.271.1732.2-7……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39.UspX3P1wO-0&ved=0ahUKEwiwmrf05MDlAhXQSxUIHb06A9sQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNSZ75xfKXHTG4cWeB2h1eClj8_2fA%3A1572328731093&sa=1&ei=G9W3XaKtBYuS1fAP85-esAY&q=photos+of+a+water+pump+parts&oq=photos+of+a+water+pump+parts&gs_l=img.3…32994.41888..42740…0.0..0.520.4947.2-13j3j0j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0i67j0j0i24.W2jKzFbyK8Y&ved=0ahUKEwjipvL75MDlAhULSRUIHfOPB2YQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 Wireless camera that you can view what is happening captured by ya camera on ya phone in a measured radius and still connect it to ya laptop or computer tv to help curb home far from home away theft, organised bank theft or school system or any job as well as ATM. Click the link below 4 more https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQR8c-X24k_ry-sto4hgzgNaa2BrA%3A1572328775926&sa=1&ei=R9W3Xf6ZOP6U1fAP6IWqiAo&q=photos+of+a+a+wireless+camera&oq=photos+of+a+a+wireless+camera&gs_l=img.3…66928.74387..75031…1.0..0.372.5249.2-14j5……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0j0i24.Bz_weGiuID8&ved=0ahUKEwi-2aKR5cDlAhV-ShUIHeiCCqEQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 The same technology can be used to make a system the pulls/push the trigger 4 example of a revolver gun to shot the intruder under the same camera position like a safe in ya house has been broken into and in ya phone you are seeing the incumbent bro. Click the link below 4 more https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNQ_-roCB2yRhfKyTGosmuSnM8bfTQ:1572329145718&q=photos+of+a+wireless+camera+sold+by+safaricom&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim_8zB5sDlAhUNUhUIHSNTDI8QBQhLKAA&biw=1280&bih=881&dpr=1#imgrc=yzHHsDL7Boc5_M: Maturity knocks, anyone who came your way or close to you is two folded bro, his bad character or good tells you something in ya life, teaches you of the unknown character of people like them and how to tuckle such misfortunes in life. Dont be quick to rebuke, forget and forgive and move on, sometimes after long you come to appreciate you met that bad character the somehow equipped you for the better. Within something bad there is something good and vice-versa bro Chicago women warn Michel Robinson, i will slap her with a rungu, or i will skin her with a machete. Joluo warn her likes ablopade gi-rungu.People with small compacted ears got utility, the head chopped out and used to make mini-wifi cd changer that sometimes directs you bro. Mostly they are looked down upon and waiting 4 this when the time is due as much as tall people skinny powerful people with crane/forklift. They got a price tag on their forehead. Dont blame them fellows.Solar bulbs and the DC part of any gadget can remove the risk of a step-down/step up transformer but to use the alternator or solar direct unto the gadget the only place you use an ac in electric kettle, fridge, iron box, toaster which many lucks.Sweet potatoes many put inside a dark container like tanks then sperm hurl from outside or salivated upon as well as urinated makes grenades bro. This electric fan of the house can as well be mounted on a whirlybird to still produce power to power your house or business premise. Click the link below 4 more bro, it as well produces power when rotated as well as motor bike starter. The bicycle one as well produces power but weak one dude https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNRnmhEP7TmJR-Uh7s_tcQKU–Arvw%3A1572329160906&sa=1&ei=yNa3Xfr2NuTDxgPJ7oe4CQ&q=photos+of+metalic+electric+fan+put+on+top+of+the+roof&oq=photos+of+metalic+electric+fan+put+on+top+of+the+roof&gs_l=img.3…736769.767892..769072…0.0..0.294.12175.2-48……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0j0i24.tSpi0QAK3qk&ved=0ahUKEwj6-uvI5sDlAhXkoXEKHUn3AZcQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNR_b90fXyZl43FqQGIiYKN9ZZ0jPQ%3A1572329970481&sa=1&ei=8tm3XcH-HJyJ1fAP4t2e2AQ&q=photos+of+a+motor+bike+starter&oq=photos+of+a+motor+bike+starter&gs_l=img.3…50267.59999..61194…0.0..0.454.6061.2-21j1j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….0j0i7i30j0i5i30j35i39j0i30.psssU33nLaw&ved=0ahUKEwjBv_DK6cDlAhWcRBUIHeKuB0sQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=nu9f1j0Ohht7LM: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTYEfpyp83Rv3hJ3VkS47mpPNCMEw%3A1572330034213&sa=1&ei=Mtq3XYPaDL-W1fAP0Lag0A0&q=photos+of+bycycle+dinamore&oq=photos+of+bycycle+dinamore&gs_l=img.3…32976.41868..42953…0.0..0.415.4547.2-14j2j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0i67j0j0i8i30j0i8i10i30j0i10i24.J4yxiNsbb-w&ved=0ahUKEwiDu6Lp6cDlAhU_SxUIHVAbCNoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5 https://www.google.com/search?biw=1280&bih=881&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ACYBGNTYEfpyp83Rv3hJ3VkS47mpPNCMEw%3A1572330034213&sa=1&ei=Mtq3XYPaDL-W1fAP0Lag0A0&q=photos+of+bycycle+dinamore&oq=photos+of+bycycle+dinamore&gs_l=img.3…32976.41868..42953…0.0..0.415.4547.2-14j2j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img…….35i39j0i67j0j0i8i30j0i8i10i30j0i10i24.J4yxiNsbb-w&ved=0ahUKEwiDu6Lp6cDlAhU_SxUIHVAbCNoQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=41NzNL9U9y3ZHM:

https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard/blog/weldontimer

The alternator of a car like a trellar can be replaced 4 a lorry and put 2 in a two way manner facing each other, where you make holes using a drill of the sides of the gear the belt rests on (V-belt pulley). The lorry one charges a 24 volts battery thus powerful that 4 a small car which produces 80 volts when rotated 1st to charge a 12 v battery system thus the lorry one produces twice when rotated 1st bro at 160 volts. Click the link below 4 more

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&rlz=1C1CHBD_enKE798KE798&q=the+lorry+alternator+photos&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju-s3_sMHlAhVLTcAKHTAKDccQsAR6BAgCEAE&biw=1280&bih=913

https://en.as-pl.com/content/components/892

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&rlz=1C1CHBD_enKE798KE798&biw=1280&bih=913&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=iiW4XcCqCZDeaq34naAM&q=parts+of+the+metal+hand+drill+machine&oq=parts+of+the+metal+hand+drill+machine&gs_l=img.3…15581.17793..18495…0.0..0.303.1172.2-4j1……0….1..gws-wiz-img.vrYC1iQs6Xw&ved=0ahUKEwjAl73WscHlAhUQrxoKHS18B8QQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=EeQUiE0pSlMDFM:

Make holes on the v-belt pulley part facing each other and fixed it perfectly connecting the maching wires together with a gadget that allows electric current not to turn back into one or another alternator to be burnt as the people who transfigure does, the conect the + & - terminals to burn the alternator using a metal or a wire. If one burns still you got the other like in a plane or carry a gasolin Generator inside the plane that switches automatically incase of such or incorporate solar panels on top of the plane to do the same. Click the link below dude

https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/sun-powered-plane-in-spain/3389115.html

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&rlz=1C1CHBD_enKE798KE798&biw=1280&bih=913&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=Oie4XZv_O_md1fAPsteXmA8&q=photos+of+lithium+metal+rotating+in+water&oq=photos+of+lithium+metal+rotating+in+water&gs_l=img.3…4175.5218..5625…0.0..0.259.1361.2-6……0….1..gws-wiz-img.POoJOv842EI&ved=0ahUKEwibhO-ks8HlAhX5ThUIHbLrBfMQ4dUDCAc&uact=5

https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&rlz=1C1CHBD_enKE798KE798&q=solar+power+spanish+plane&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim1ZjUssHlAhWLa8AKHY2zB4gQsAR6BAgDEAE&biw=1280&bih=913

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SC6xFQ_sPp4

Question is where is the fuel in the solar powered engine, plane uses siren gas to fly when heated period, so the solar heat the coil which instead hit the gas in its cylinder then cold airblow to fly as lithium in water to cement the truth, instead of rotating siren gas moves up in that enclosed cylinder bro.

Adrian scooby doo we are going to see, scoooooooby doooooo baby and harkiulis and tin tin

https://weldontimer.tumblr.com/

https://www.tumblr.com/dashboard/blog/murrymonde

What instills confidence in people more is school, as in they never attended class, had it on their own as read in their own or adopted last minute reading and still defeated the people who started from the very start as well makes people who started earlier to hate ya.

Europe is good than Africa, any nation is rich when the population vice natural resources is at optimum bro. Their is no poor nation the problem is population bro

We are deluding them but not with my things, even if i die or kill me today question is will you get into the tumblr of mine yet i have told ya i have cut the code which i know not. Get it bro!!!

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/captainkorowa

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phynxrizng · 7 years

Text

INFORMATION FOR BEGINNERS SERIES, GLOSSARY OF TERMS COMMONLY USED IN WICCA

Glossary Of Terms Commonly Used In Wicca By, Rowan Moonstone And Durwydd Mactara AKASHA- the spiritual ether (or Aether); the omnipresent fifth occult element which embraces the other four- earth, air, fire, and water; and from which they stem. This is the realm of "pattern" or causality, from which the realm the normally thought of "five senses manifests. Some define it is the "other" of the "two worlds" that the witch or magician walks between. ARADIA- Daughter of the Goddess Diana, and a name for the Goddess used by Italian Witches or Strega, commonly used in many Wiccan traditions today. ASPECTING- Any advanced magickal activity in which a practitioner manifests a particular aspect of the Goddess or God, in thought, feelings, behavior, appearance, etc.; Often as a direct result of a "Drawing Down". Often a minor variation of this phenomena occurs with the selection of a "Magical Name", of Craft Name. ASPECTS- Forms, facets, or personas of Deity: for example, Brighid, Iseult,Eos, and Kore are all aspects of the Maiden, and the Maiden is an aspect of the Goddess. ATHAME- black handled, double edged dagger. Principally used to cast and dissolve the circle, for which purposes it is interchangeable with the magic sword. A tool of the "Element" of Fire in the Georgian Tradition and some others. BELTANE- May Eve festival. One of the Ancient Celtic "Fire Festivals." on this night, the cattle were driven between two bonfires to protect them from disease. Couples wishing for fertility would " jump the fires" on Beltane night. Also the traditional Sabbath where the rule of the "Wheel of the Year" is returned to the Goddess. This Festival also marks the transition point of the threefold Goddess energies from those of Maiden to Mother. BOOK OF SHADOWS- Traditionally hand copied book of rituals, recipes, training techniques, guidelines, and other materials deemed important to a Witch or a coven. Each tradition has it's own standard version of the Book and each Witch's book will be different as he or she adds to it with time from many different sources. Only another Witch can see your book of shadows. Also, traditionally, it may never leave your hands or possession until death, when it should be destroyed, or (in some traditions) returned to the coven to be disposed of. BURNING TIMES- a term used by some Witches for the period of persecution in the Middle Ages and later. It is in fact a misnomer in some places, as Witches were only burned in Scotland, and on the continent of Europe. In England and the U.S., they were hanged. CANDLEMAS- Festival held on Feb. 1. One of the 4 Celtic "Fire Festivals. Commemorates the changing of the Goddess from the Crone to the Maiden. Celebrates the first signs of Spring. Also called "Imbolc" (the old Celtic name). This is the seasonal change where the first signs of spring and the return of the sun are noted, i.e. the first sprouting of leaves, the sprouting of the Crocus flowers etc. In other words, it is the festival commemorating the successful passing of winter and the beginning of the agricultural year.This Festival also marks the transition point of the threefold Goddess energies from those of Crone to Maiden. CARDINAL POINTS- North, South, East, and West, marked in the Georgian Tradition by candles of green, red, yellow, and blue, respectively. The Circle is drawn to connect these four points. CHALICE- one of the tools of the Witch. Placed on the altar to represent the element of Water. CHARGE OF THE GODDESS- The Traditional words of the Goddess to her followers, or "hidden children". Normally declaimed by the HPS at every coven Circle. CIRCLE- the area in which the magickal worship and spells takes place. Can also be used to designate a particular group of Witches or Pagans such as "Silver Acorn Circle". CONE OF POWER- power raised in the circle by the Witches assembled, and sent out into the world to work magick, is usually visualized as being retained and built in the form of a "cone" prior to release. COVEN- an organized group of Witches, led by a High priestess and/or a High Priest who meet regularly for worship and fellowship. The traditional membership is 13, but in fact most covens number considerably less. 3 is the minimum in the Georgian Tradition. In Middle English, "Covin" a group of confederates; In Old French "Covine" a band or group with a single purpose; Latin "Com"-together, "Venire"-to come or move. COVENSTEAD- regular meeting place for a coven. Usually the home of the High Priestess or High Priest. COWAN- a non-Witch. Formerly used in a very derogatory manner. Still used in Masonic Ritual to indicate the non initiate and/or pretender to "real craft". Not often used today among most Witches. COYOTE ENERGY- trickster energies. Named for the American Indian Trickster, Coyote, who tricks man into learning what he needs to learn. Applies to one who constantly jokes and clowns. Also applies to the concept of "Holy Fool" in many traditions. CROSS QUARTER DAYS- The modern name for the Celtic Fire Festivals of Samhain, Imbolc, Beltane, and Lammas. DEOSIL- clockwise, or sunwise. Traditional direction for working "building" magick. DRAWING DOWN THE MOON- Ritual invocation of the spirit of the Goddess into the body of the High Priestess by the High Priest. DIVINATION- magical method of exploration or inquiry into a situation via such methods as Tarot cards, runestones, I- Ching, etc. ELEMENTS- Earth, air, fire, and water, plus spirit, which includes them all. These are regarded as realms or categories of nature (both material and non-material) and are not to be confused with the physicists table of elements, which the modern witch, of course, accepts. ESBAT- weekly or biweekly meeting of a coven. Traditionally held either on the full moon or the new moon. FAMILIARS- Either a Witch's pet animal which has been trained to be a magickal helper, or an artificially created "elemental" which performs the same functions as the animal friend. FIVEFOLD KISS, FIVEFOLD SALUTE- The Witches' ritual salute, with kisses; (1) on each foot, (2) on each knee, (3) above the pubic hair, (4) on each breast, and (5) on the lips- really 8 kisses in all. It is only used within the Circle, but the words that go with it are the origin of "Blessed Be." GARDNERIANS- Tradition of Witchcraft descended from the teachings of Gerald Gardner. GNOMES- an "entity" or "elemental" that dwells in the plane of Earth or is associated with the EARTH Element. GREAT RITE- The rite which is the main feature of the third degree initiation, and which is also laid down for certain festivals. It is sexual in nature, but may be `actual' (and private to the couples concerned) or symbolic, as the participants wish. HALLOWS- name used by some traditions for Samhain, or Halloween HANDFASTING- Wiccan equivalent of a wedding. It can be made legal if the Priestess and/or Priest are registered as clergy with the local authorities, or it may only be considered binding within the coven. HIGH PRIEST/ESS- Technically speaking, a Witch who has received the 3rd. degree initiation. More usually, the male and female leaders of a coven. IMBOLC- Celtic name for Candlemas. INVOCATION- The ritual "calling-in" of an entity (or energies) higher than human, either for communication with the caller through a medium or by visible manifestation or else to enter into a human body as in the Drawing Down the Moon. In some traditions, a Prayer. LAMMAS- August 1st. Witch Festival. The Old Celtic name for this festival is Lughnassadh. It is the Festival of the First Fruits, and is the first of the 3 harvests. This festival also marks the change of the Threefold Goddess energies from that of Mother to Crone. MAIDEN- An appointment held by one of the women of the coven. She is virtually the assistant High Priestess. This term is also the descriptive term used to describe the first of the aspects of the Threefold Goddess Energies (Maiden, Mother, and Crone). It is traditionally associated with the Waxing Moon, and the period from Imbolc (Candlemas) to Beltane (May eve) where the energies are those of initiating, beginning, and creation. OLD RELIGION- another name for the Craft. PAGANING- Presentation of an infant to the Circle and to the Gods. PENTACLE- a disc shaped talisman; in particular, the metal disc which represents the earth element among the witch's working tools. PENTAGRAM- The five-pointed star. With a single point uppermost, it represents the human being. Inverted, with two points uppermost, it can have Satanist associations; but not necessarily. Some traditions of Wicca use the inverted pentagram to signify an initiate of the second degree. QUARTERS- The North, East, South, and West parts of a magickal circle or other ritual area. (See also "Watchtowers") REDE- rule or law. SABBAT- one of the Eight festivals or high holy days of Wicca. SALAMANDER- an entity that dwells in the realm of Fire. SAMHAIN- The festival of remembrance for the dead, held on the eve of Nov. 1st. It is the last of the three harvests. This festival also marks the transition of rulership of the "Wheel of the Year from that of the Goddess to that of the God. SCRYING- divination, usually using such methods as crystal gazing, or divination via incense smoke, or water as opposed to tarot or other manipulative means. SPELL- a prayer, or verbal direction of magickal energies toward the accomplishment of some goal. SUMMONER- The male officer of the coven who corresponds to the Maiden. He is the assistant High Priest. SYLPH- an "entity" or "elemental" that dwells in the plane of Air or is associated with the AIR Element. TRADITIONS- any of the various "sects" of Wicca such as Gardnerian, Alexandrian, Georgian, Seax, etc. UNDINE- an "entity" or "elemental" that dwells in the plane of Water or is associated with the WATER Element. WAND- A rod or staff that is prepared so that it may be used for magickal or psychic purposes, usually to project some form of power. WARLOCK- a term coined in the Burning Times. It was used to denote a traitor to the Craft, or one who had betrayed the followers of the Old Religion. It's origin is Scottish. Because of the negative connotations, it is not used by most Wiccans today. WATCH TOWERS- Originally from the Enochian branch of Ceremonial Magick, now incorporated into many "Traditions" of Wicca, these are the four elemental "directions" or "quarters" (corresponding to the appropriate points on the compass) called to protect the Circle during its establishment. Each of them have a correspondence between the compass point, an element, and (varying amongst different traditions) color associated with them. WICCA- the name most modern day Witches use for the Craft. It comes from the Anglo-Saxon word Wicce, meaning to bend or to shape. This is the root word from which we get wicker. WIDDERSHINS- counter clock wise. Used for "tearing down" OR BANISHING magick. WHITE HANDLED KNIFE- the working knife of a Witch. It is used to carve candles, and for fashioning the other tools. Traditionally, it can only be used in a Circle. Copyright 1991 by Rowan Moonstone and Durwydd MacTara. Permission to reprint for educational purposes at no cost is hereby granted to all and sundry, provided the text is not altered in any way. SOURCE, the pagan library.COM POSTED by, PHYNXRIZNG

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faunafcrged · 4 years

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CHARACTER BLURB. // super rough wip edition.

latest oc bc i apparently make ocs when i am miserable who knew (everybody knew): she’s a sort of modern day nephilim, her mother was saved by a miracle - the healing power of an angel, before her mother knew she was pregnant. her default verse is enmeshed with faith (said angel @faithsreward ) and kara @orphanedshadow - set in a post apocalyptic / zombie setting but applicable to any apocalyptic / supernatural setting and or the old guard if anyone wants to write with her in that verse too.

easily adapted to other verses so open to any aus / crossovers.

her main plot picks up when she was fourteen - the outbreak of said apocalypse, supernatural event, zombies, what have you - she was killed during the first few months of said outbreak, came back (not zombie) and was promptly abandoned, maybe even persecuted / hunted / killed again by the group she was with initially out of fear of her being some delayed undead or new strain etc.

her abilities began to appear after her initial death - while she doesn’t know the full capabilities or limitations, she can control and mutate / accelerate growth / crossbreed / cross-pollinate etc any living, carbon, non-sentient life forms - plants, lichen, bacteria, some sea life, insects, some invertebrates etc. - she can make them grow faster, can make them bear fruit / cross breed fruits, flowers, can control hives of insects that share the same mind - things of that nature, via touch for something she hasn’t grown or mutated herself - if she controlled the creation of it then she has limited control over it when she’s w/in a certain radius.

things that jem has / will make in a post apocalyptic setting include: giant ass lightning bugs, bio-luminescent / glow in the dark lichen and ivy etc that soaks up sunlight and then glows at night to illuminate her home area w/out using fire if she doesn’t want to; honeybee hives -everywhere- with a multitude of variants of flavor bc she has a ridiculous sweet tooth; brambles that latch onto anything moving like the strangling vines in harry potter only they also have slow acting paralysis poison in the brambles; all kinds of fruits and vegetables with crazy ass crossbreeds like oranges that are spicy and pecans that are fist sized, and whatever else; uses her abilities to create water proof lean tos out of branches, ivy, leaves, undergrowth etc; has lots of pit fall traps and things around her home area for the undead; also has created a special grain that has a paralyzing neurotoxin that infects the meat of those that eat it - she feeds it to certain herd animals that she leaves staked out in certain pit falls for the zombies as the zombies will be attracted to the sounds of distress and eat the prey animal and in turn the neurotoxin reduces their nervous system to jelly and makes them unable to move, in turn making them easier to kill or avoid; there’s more but yeah.

Also pre-death her name was Jennifer Marie Stewart; after her death / after taking off on her own she adopted the name Jeremiah Katherine Bates - nickname Jem. (It’s a play on the scientific term for bullfrog. Jeremiah was a Bullfrog was one of her and her mom’s favorite songs way back when and she figured, why the fuck not.)

#BIO.#BIOGRAPHY.#BLURB.#CHARACTER INFO.

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neshatriumphs · 7 years

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The Patriarchy Ain’t Never Been Shhh

I don’t think that I have ever posted my Full Armor of God Devotionals on Tumblr before... I think I got on Tumblr after I stopped doing them regularly. Well. at any rate...

Helmet Of Salvation: Radical Discipleship

SWORD OF THE SPIRIT:

Genesis, Chapter 3

Blessing to enjoy: So far, I don’t know that these particular accounts are basked in blessings, but rather in mercy. So, I will go with that. Mercy, even when messing up.

Example to follow: Not Adam, I tell you that. Maybe not Eve, either. But, definitely not Adam.

Thoughts to carry: Whether or not you are a Christian, this information can be dissected. If you believe in the Bible, it should be looked at from a believer’s perspective. If you don’t, it can also be looked at from the perspective of analyzing a tale. At any rate:

Breastplate of Righteousness

The Patriarchy Ain’t Never Been Shhh

Man has been a letdown since the Garden and today we still make excuses for them, but we need to gain a whole view of the picture and do whatever is necessary to bring about the change that we want to see in the world. We can’t hold on to the problems that have been created and continue to expect God to show up and rescue us from systems that we keep erected. God was not a misogynist. His people were/are.

Remember in the Garden, when Eve had a full conversation with the serpent? Adam, the one that God had sent to be in charge was there, but did not step up as Eve was making a deal that could possibly ruin her life. What they thought - that they would surely die when they ate the fruit. What the serpent said - that they would not surely die, if they ate it. That they would become LIKE God. What Eve did - decided to trust the serpent and take the risk of dying to try that fruit and some of that sweet godlikeness. What Adam did - stood by and watched, waited to see how the fruit affected her, then ate it too. What happened - Sin was born into the world and punishments were handed down. What does that lead ME to believe? - That it was Adam’s mess up that caused the fall of humanity. What is taught - That it was Eve’s fault.

Why do we do this? Adam tried to blame her and she tried to blame the serpent, but if we are to faithfully believe these accounts and model our lives after them and learn from them, we have to see these things with eyes that do not hold our prejudices and our privileges. We don’t always get to do that because for so long, men have been the ones sharing and teaching these stories. Men have been the ones giving the instructions and spreading the interpretations. It was a man who first said, “This was the woman’s fault!” (And to some degree, God’s fault because she was called “the woman you gave me,” instead of her name.) It must have been a man who first said, “Look at how this woman ruined the entire world for everyone,” and since then, too many of us have accepted that as good interpretation of Genesis, Chapter 3.

I remember the first time that I heard this story, and maybe it was because I identified with a woman in it, I immediately thought that this wasn’t her fault. I thought that surely if she was in the wrong, God was going to step in and punish her and give Adam a new wife. So, I spent years simply being quiet about these thoughts, because I felt like if I didn’t take the lesson that I was being taught away from it, I had to be wrong. Years later, something that I had not realized before… Adam was there. She gave the fruit to her husband who was with her. He was there, all along!

Let’s not be coy. We know “how men are.” Victims, scapegoats, and supporting friends get speeches all of the time to defend their bum behavior by setting up the archetype of “just a man.” The toxic masculinity and misogyny attached to that are another few conversations, at least. But for the sake of this one - “how men are” includes: Being strong, being brave, being fearless, being in charge, being… You get it. But, what we see here is a man, standing by while a woman that we are expected to believe is someone who is under his control makes a decision that goes against what God has told him and held him to, even before she was ever pulled from his rib.

So, why when it was time for him to be that dude with dominion. To be “the man,” as so many of us put emphasis on right now; he simply stood by and then did what he knew he wasn’t supposed to do? I mean, he claims that it was Eve’s fault. He didn’t just tell her, “I don’t recommend that you eat that fruit. God told me not to and if we’re going to be together, you can’t either.” He didn’t say, “I told you not to do it and now that you’ve done this thing and disobeyed God, you’re going to have to deal with whatever happens, now.” He didn’t look around and wonder why God wasn’t there to do something about this. He didn’t even ask HER any questions! He didn’t ask, ‘Well… did it work? Are you like God? What does He know? What does He see?” The most reference that we know of that he received from her was that it tasted good.

And he ate. THEN, the eyes of both of them were opened. (And the discussion of why God didn’t prevent the free will etc is also a different conversation, BUT) God showed up. When he showed up, He started questioning them to get their confessions. Their confessions were to place the blame elsewhere; but everyone was punished, on a personal level and through all the generations.

With Adam’s punishment - To Adam he said, “Because you listened to your wife and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ “Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.” With ADAM’S punishment, came strife, death and the end of the world.

But, to this day, we associate all of the bad with Eve’s portion. I even have heard men say that they don’t listen to their wives/women because, “Adam listened to Eve, and look what happened! Lol” But, all he really had to do was step up. When she went to eat it, I don’t know what thoughts she had. Maybe she had been wanting to taste it anyway. Maybe they both were curious and the serpent just nudged where he noticed that desire was already budding. Maybe he had tried to talk to Adam and got turned down and went through Eve because she was a weakness for Adam… But, in that instance, if she was a weakness for him and he thought that they might die... Why wasn’t he willing to protect her from that? Why didn’t he raise questions and voice concerns? I don’t buy it.

Adam was the world’s not only first man in the biblical account of Creation, but he was the world’s first… You know the word. Starts with “F” and ends with “boy.” Cursed was the ground, because of him, but people are still blaming Eve. Thorns and thistles because of him, but people are still blaming Eve. (That man has to work to provide for himself and his family - a LOADED conversation with today’s F boy excepting a wifey, but not expecting to toil #GoodLawdIHaveSoMuchToSayAboutThatConversation), but people are still blaming Eve.

Let’s not be coy, again. I’m in no way saying that Eve is an innocent precious flower and that she deserves all amnesty and all protection. But, I am saying that in this story about humanity and how we are flesh and how we can mess up and have to face consequences, sometimes consequences bigger than ourselves… Eve is a HUMAN in this story. This is a story about how they messed up and what happened. This is a story in which, she is actually a protagonist to the the serpent’s crafts and a catalyst to Adam giving up his dominion. Adam gets to be human in society. He gets empathy. He gets to be a tragic figure who lost it all… but people are still blaming Eve.

Girdle of Truth: We don’t have to demonize women to love and follow God. Sometimes, we need to see that we are all in the battle together.

Shield of Faith: Men will hold on to problematic behavior and let women take the fall for many things that they both engaged in. We need to communicate better, so that things won’t come between those who we have missions with.

Sandals of Peace:

Heavenly Father, Father of Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ,

I pray that these words that I have asked you to give to me be examined with an open heart and mind. We have people in this world who think of you as a misogynist because there are those who claim to follow you who hold true prejudices and hatred for the women that you have created. We are not evil. We are not enemies. But, we are also not here to be the punching bags and patsies for these men. I pray for radical change in the dynamics of sexual oppression and gender specific antagonism. In Jesus’ Holy Name, Amen.

#NeshaTriumphs #Nesha's Bible Study #Bible #Christianity

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priscillagrrr · 7 years

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Essay on Man, by Alexander Pope (my favorite book)

The Project Gutenberg eBook, Essay on Man, by Alexander Pope, Edited by Henry Morley This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Essay on Man Moral Essays and Satires Author: Alexander Pope Editor: Henry Morley Release Date: August 20, 2007 [eBook #2428] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESSAY ON MAN***

AN ESSAY ON MAN.

TO H. ST. JOHN LORD BOLINGBROKE. THE DESIGN.

Having proposed to write some pieces of Human Life and Manners, such as (to use my Lord Bacon’s expression) come home to Men’s Business and Bosoms, I thought it more satisfactory to begin with considering Man in the abstract, his Nature and his State; since, to prove any moral duty, to enforce any moral precept, or to examine the perfection or imperfection of any creature whatsoever, it is necessary first to know what condition and relation it is placed in, and what is the proper end and purpose of its being.

The science of Human Nature is, like all other sciences, reduced to a few clear points: there are not many certain truths in this world. It is therefore in the anatomy of the Mind as in that of the Body; more good will accrue to mankind by attending to the large, open, and perceptible parts, than by studying too much such finer nerves and vessels, the conformations and uses of which will for ever escape our observation. The disputes are all upon these last, and, I will venture to say, they have less sharpened the wits than the hearts of men against each other, and have diminished the practice more than advanced the theory of Morality. If I could flatter myself that this Essay has any merit, it is in steering betwixt the extremes of doctrines seemingly opposite, in passing over terms utterly unintelligible, and in forming a temperate yet not inconsistent, and a short yet not imperfect system of Ethics.

This I might have done in prose, but I chose verse, and even rhyme, for two reasons. The one will appear obvious; that principles, maxims, or precepts so written, both strike the reader more strongly at first, and are more easily retained by him afterwards: the other may seem odd, but is true, I found I could express them more shortly this way than in prose itself; and nothing is more certain, than that much of the force as well as grace of arguments or instructions depends on their conciseness. I was unable to treat this part of my subject more in detail, without becoming dry and tedious; or more poetically, without sacrificing perspicuity to ornament, without wandering from the precision, or breaking the chain of reasoning: if any man can unite all these without diminution of any of them I freely confess he will compass a thing above my capacity.

What is now published is only to be considered as a general Map of Man, marking out no more than the greater parts, their extent, their limits, and their connection, and leaving the particular to be more fully delineated in the charts which are to follow. Consequently, these Epistles in their progress (if I have health and leisure to make any progress) will be less dry, and more susceptible of poetical ornament. I am here only opening the fountains, and clearing the passage. To deduce the rivers, to follow them in their course, and to observe their effects, may be a task more agreeable. P.

ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE I.

Of the Nature and State of Man, with respect to the Universe.

Of Man in the abstract. I. That we can judge only with regard to our own system, being ignorant of the relations of systems and things, v.17, etc. II. That Man is not to be deemed imperfect, but a being suited to his place and rank in the Creation, agreeable to the general Order of Things, and conformable to Ends and Relations to him unknown, v.35, etc. III. That it is partly upon his ignorance of future events, and partly upon the hope of future state, that all his happiness in the present depends, v.77, etc. IV. The pride of aiming at more knowledge, and pretending to more Perfection, the cause of Man’s error and misery. The impiety of putting himself in the place of God, and judging of the fitness or unfitness, perfection or imperfection, justice or injustice of His dispensations, v.109, etc. V. The absurdity of conceiting himself the final cause of the Creation, or expecting that perfection in the moral world, which is not in the natural, v.131, etc. VI. The unreasonableness of his complaints against Providence, while on the one hand he demands the Perfections of the Angels, and on the other the bodily qualifications of the Brutes; though to possess any of the sensitive faculties in a higher degree would render him miserable, v.173, etc. VII. That throughout the whole visible world, an universal order and gradation in the sensual and mental faculties is observed, which cause is a subordination of creature to creature, and of all creatures to Man. The gradations of sense, instinct, thought, reflection, reason; that Reason alone countervails all the other faculties, v.207. VIII. How much further this order and subordination of living creatures may extend, above and below us; were any part of which broken, not that part only, but the whole connected creation, must be destroyed, v.233. IX. The extravagance, madness, and pride of such a desire, v.250. X. The consequence of all, the absolute submission due to Providence, both as to our present and future state, v.281, etc., to the end.

EPISTLE I.

Awake, my St. John! leave all meaner things To low ambition, and the pride of kings. Let us (since life can little more supply Than just to look about us and to die) Expatiate free o’er all this scene of man; A mighty maze! but not without a plan; A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot; Or garden tempting with forbidden fruit. Together let us beat this ample field, Try what the open, what the covert yield; The latent tracts, the giddy heights, explore Of all who blindly creep, or sightless soar; Eye Nature’s walks, shoot Folly as it flies, And catch the manners living as they rise; Laugh where we must, be candid where we can; But vindicate the ways of God to man.

I. Say first, of God above, or man below What can we reason, but from what we know? Of man, what see we but his station here, From which to reason, or to which refer? Through worlds unnumbered though the God be known, ’Tis ours to trace Him only in our own. He, who through vast immensity can pierce, See worlds on worlds compose one universe, Observe how system into system runs, What other planets circle other suns, What varied being peoples every star, May tell why Heaven has made us as we are. But of this frame, the bearings, and the ties, The strong connections, nice dependencies, Gradations just, has thy pervading soul Looked through? or can a part contain the whole? Is the great chain, that draws all to agree, And drawn supports, upheld by God, or thee?

II. Presumptuous man! the reason wouldst thou find, Why formed so weak, so little, and so blind? First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess, Why formed no weaker, blinder, and no less; Ask of thy mother earth, why oaks are made Taller or stronger than the weeds they shade? Or ask of yonder argent fields above, Why Jove’s satellites are less than Jove? Of systems possible, if ’tis confest That wisdom infinite must form the best, Where all must full or not coherent be, And all that rises, rise in due degree; Then in the scale of reasoning life, ’tis plain, There must be, somewhere, such a rank as man: And all the question (wrangle e’er so long) Is only this, if God has placed him wrong? Respecting man, whatever wrong we call, May, must be right, as relative to all. In human works, though laboured on with pain, A thousand movements scarce one purpose gain; In God’s one single can its end produce; Yet serves to second too some other use. So man, who here seems principal alone, Perhaps acts second to some sphere unknown, Touches some wheel, or verges to some goal; ’Tis but a part we see, and not a whole. When the proud steed shall know why man restrains His fiery course, or drives him o’er the plains: When the dull ox, why now he breaks the clod, Is now a victim, and now Egypt’s god: Then shall man’s pride and dulness comprehend His actions’, passions’, being’s, use and end; Why doing, suffering, checked, impelled; and why This hour a slave, the next a deity. Then say not man’s imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say rather man’s as perfect as he ought: His knowledge measured to his state and place; His time a moment, and a point his space. If to be perfect in a certain sphere, What matter, soon or late, or here or there? The blest to-day is as completely so, As who began a thousand years ago.

III. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of Fate, All but the page prescribed, their present state: From brutes what men, from men what spirits know: Or who could suffer being here below? The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would he skip and play? Pleased to the last, he crops the flowery food, And licks the hand just raised to shed his blood. Oh, blindness to the future! kindly given, That each may fill the circle, marked by Heaven: Who sees with equal eye, as God of all, A hero perish, or a sparrow fall, Atoms or systems into ruin hurled, And now a bubble burst, and now a world. Hope humbly, then; with trembling pinions soar; Wait the great teacher Death; and God adore. What future bliss, He gives not thee to know, But gives that hope to be thy blessing now. Hope springs eternal in the human breast: Man never is, but always to be blest: The soul, uneasy and confined from home, Rests and expatiates in a life to come. Lo, the poor Indian! whose untutored mind Sees God in clouds, or hears Him in the wind; His soul, proud science never taught to stray Far as the solar walk, or milky way; Yet simple Nature to his hope has given, Behind the cloud-topped hill, an humbler heaven; Some safer world in depth of woods embraced, Some happier island in the watery waste, Where slaves once more their native land behold, No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold. To be, contents his natural desire, He asks no angel’s wing, no seraph’s fire; But thinks, admitted to that equal sky, His faithful dog shall bear him company.

IV. Go, wiser thou! and, in thy scale of sense, Weigh thy opinion against providence; Call imperfection what thou fanciest such, Say, here He gives too little, there too much; Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust, Yet cry, if man’s unhappy, God’s unjust; If man alone engross not Heaven’s high care, Alone made perfect here, immortal there: Snatch from His hand the balance and the rod, Re-judge His justice, be the God of God. In pride, in reasoning pride, our error lies; All quit their sphere, and rush into the skies. Pride still is aiming at the blest abodes, Men would be angels, angels would be gods. Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell, Aspiring to be angels, men rebel: And who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the Eternal Cause.

V. Ask for what end the heavenly bodies shine, Earth for whose use? Pride answers, “’Tis for mine: For me kind Nature wakes her genial power, Suckles each herb, and spreads out every flower; Annual for me, the grape, the rose renew The juice nectareous, and the balmy dew; For me, the mine a thousand treasures brings; For me, health gushes from a thousand springs; Seas roll to waft me, suns to light me rise; My footstool earth, my canopy the skies.” But errs not Nature from this gracious end, From burning suns when livid deaths descend, When earthquakes swallow, or when tempests sweep Towns to one grave, whole nations to the deep? “No, (’tis replied) the first Almighty Cause Acts not by partial, but by general laws; The exceptions few; some change since all began; And what created perfect?”—Why then man? If the great end be human happiness, Then Nature deviates; and can man do less? As much that end a constant course requires Of showers and sunshine, as of man’s desires; As much eternal springs and cloudless skies, As men for ever temperate, calm, and wise. If plagues or earthquakes break not Heaven’s design, Why then a Borgia, or a Catiline? Who knows but He, whose hand the lightning forms, Who heaves old ocean, and who wings the storms; Pours fierce ambition in a Cæsar’s mind, Or turns young Ammon loose to scourge mankind? From pride, from pride, our very reasoning springs; Account for moral, as for natural things: Why charge we heaven in those, in these acquit? In both, to reason right is to submit. Better for us, perhaps, it might appear, Were there all harmony, all virtue here; That never air or ocean felt the wind; That never passion discomposed the mind. But all subsists by elemental strife; And passions are the elements of life. The general order, since the whole began, Is kept in nature, and is kept in man.

VI. What would this man? Now upward will he soar, And little less than angel, would be more; Now looking downwards, just as grieved appears To want the strength of bulls, the fur of bears Made for his use all creatures if he call, Say what their use, had he the powers of all? Nature to these, without profusion, kind, The proper organs, proper powers assigned; Each seeming want compensated of course, Here with degrees of swiftness, there of force; All in exact proportion to the state; Nothing to add, and nothing to abate. Each beast, each insect, happy in its own: Is Heaven unkind to man, and man alone? Shall he alone, whom rational we call, Be pleased with nothing, if not blessed with all? The bliss of man (could pride that blessing find) Is not to act or think beyond mankind; No powers of body or of soul to share, But what his nature and his state can bear. Why has not man a microscopic eye? For this plain reason, man is not a fly. Say what the use, were finer optics given, To inspect a mite, not comprehend the heaven? Or touch, if tremblingly alive all o’er, To smart and agonize at every pore? Or quick effluvia darting through the brain, Die of a rose in aromatic pain? If Nature thundered in his opening ears, And stunned him with the music of the spheres, How would he wish that Heaven had left him still The whispering zephyr, and the purling rill? Who finds not Providence all good and wise, Alike in what it gives, and what denies?

VII. Far as Creation’s ample range extends, The scale of sensual, mental powers ascends: Mark how it mounts, to man’s imperial race, From the green myriads in the peopled grass: What modes of sight betwixt each wide extreme, The mole’s dim curtain, and the lynx’s beam: Of smell, the headlong lioness between, And hound sagacious on the tainted green: Of hearing, from the life that fills the flood, To that which warbles through the vernal wood: The spider’s touch, how exquisitely fine! Feels at each thread, and lives along the line: In the nice bee, what sense so subtly true From poisonous herbs extracts the healing dew? How instinct varies in the grovelling swine, Compared, half-reasoning elephant, with thine! ’Twixt that, and reason, what a nice barrier, For ever separate, yet for ever near! Remembrance and reflection how allayed; What thin partitions sense from thought divide: And middle natures, how they long to join, Yet never passed the insuperable line! Without this just gradation, could they be Subjected, these to those, or all to thee? The powers of all subdued by thee alone, Is not thy reason all these powers in one?

VIII. See, through this air, this ocean, and this earth, All matter quick, and bursting into birth. Above, how high, progressive life may go! Around, how wide! how deep extend below? Vast chain of being! which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man, Beast, bird, fish, insect, what no eye can see, No glass can reach; from Infinite to thee, From thee to nothing. On superior powers Were we to press, inferior might on ours: Or in the full creation leave a void, Where, one step broken, the great scale’s destroyed: From Nature’s chain whatever link you strike, Tenth or ten thousandth, breaks the chain alike. And, if each system in gradation roll Alike essential to the amazing whole, The least confusion but in one, not all That system only, but the whole must fall. Let earth unbalanced from her orbit fly, Planets and suns run lawless through the sky; Let ruling angels from their spheres be hurled, Being on being wrecked, and world on world; Heaven’s whole foundations to their centre nod, And nature tremble to the throne of God. All this dread order break—for whom? for thee? Vile worm!—Oh, madness! pride! impiety!

IX. What if the foot, ordained the dust to tread, Or hand, to toil, aspired to be the head? What if the head, the eye, or ear repined To serve mere engines to the ruling mind? Just as absurd for any part to claim To be another, in this general frame: Just as absurd, to mourn the tasks or pains, The great directing Mind of All ordains. All are but parts of one stupendous whole, Whose body Nature is, and God the soul; That, changed through all, and yet in all the same; Great in the earth, as in the ethereal frame; Warms in the sun, refreshes in the breeze, Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees, Lives through all life, extends through all extent, Spreads undivided, operates unspent; Breathes in our soul, informs our mortal part, As full, as perfect, in a hair as heart: As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns, As the rapt seraph that adores and burns: To him no high, no low, no great, no small; He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all.

X. Cease, then, nor order imperfection name: Our proper bliss depends on what we blame. Know thy own point: this kind, this due degree Of blindness, weakness, Heaven bestows on thee. Submit. In this, or any other sphere, Secure to be as blest as thou canst bear: Safe in the hand of one disposing Power, Or in the natal, or the mortal hour. All nature is but art, unknown to thee; All chance, direction, which thou canst not see; All discord, harmony not understood; All partial evil, universal good: And, spite of pride in erring reason’s spite, One truth is clear, whatever is, is right.

ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE II.

Of the Nature and State of Man with respect to Himself, as an Individual.

I. The business of Man not to pry into God, but to study himself. His Middle Nature; his Powers and Frailties, v.1 to 19. The Limits of his Capacity, v.19, etc. II. The two Principles of Man, Self-love and Reason, both necessary, v.53, etc. Self-love the stronger, and why, v.67, etc. Their end the same, v.81, etc. III. The Passions, and their use, v.93 to 130. The predominant Passion, and its force, v.132 to 160. Its Necessity, in directing Men to different purposes, v.165, etc. Its providential Use, in fixing our Principle, and ascertaining our Virtue, v.177. IV. Virtue and Vice joined in our mixed Nature; the limits near, yet the things separate and evident: What is the Office of Reason, v.202 to 216. V. How odious Vice in itself, and how we deceive ourselves into it, v.217. VI. That, however, the Ends of Providence and general Good are answered in our Passions and Imperfections, v.238, etc. How usefully these are distributed to all Orders of Men, v.241. How useful they are to Society, v.251. And to the Individuals, v.263. In every state, and every age of life, v.273, etc.

EPISTLE II.

I. Know, then, thyself, presume not God to scan; The proper study of mankind is man. Placed on this isthmus of a middle state, A being darkly wise, and rudely great: With too much knowledge for the sceptic side, With too much weakness for the stoic’s pride, He hangs between; in doubt to act, or rest; In doubt to deem himself a god, or beast; In doubt his mind or body to prefer; Born but to die, and reasoning but to err; Alike in ignorance, his reason such, Whether he thinks too little, or too much: Chaos of thought and passion, all confused; Still by himself abused, or disabused; Created half to rise, and half to fall; Great lord of all things, yet a prey to all; Sole judge of truth, in endless error hurled: The glory, jest, and riddle of the world! Go, wondrous creature! mount where science guides, Go, measure earth, weigh air, and state the tides; Instruct the planets in what orbs to run, Correct old time, and regulate the sun; Go, soar with Plato to th’ empyreal sphere, To the first good, first perfect, and first fair; Or tread the mazy round his followers trod, And quitting sense call imitating God; As Eastern priests in giddy circles run, And turn their heads to imitate the sun. Go, teach Eternal Wisdom how to rule— Then drop into thyself, and be a fool! Superior beings, when of late they saw A mortal man unfold all Nature’s law, Admired such wisdom in an earthly shape And showed a Newton as we show an ape. Could he, whose rules the rapid comet bind, Describe or fix one movement of his mind? Who saw its fires here rise, and there descend, Explain his own beginning, or his end? Alas, what wonder! man’s superior part Unchecked may rise, and climb from art to art; But when his own great work is but begun, What reason weaves, by passion is undone. Trace Science, then, with Modesty thy guide; First strip off all her equipage of pride; Deduct what is but vanity or dress, Or learning’s luxury, or idleness; Or tricks to show the stretch of human brain, Mere curious pleasure, or ingenious pain; Expunge the whole, or lop th’ excrescent parts Of all our vices have created arts; Then see how little the remaining sum, Which served the past, and must the times to come!

II. Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love to urge, and reason, to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call, Each works its end, to move or govern all And to their proper operation still, Ascribe all good; to their improper, ill. Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul; Reason’s comparing balance rules the whole. Man, but for that, no action could attend, And but for this, were active to no end: Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot; Or, meteor-like, flame lawless through the void, Destroying others, by himself destroyed. Most strength the moving principle requires; Active its task, it prompts, impels, inspires. Sedate and quiet the comparing lies, Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise. Self-love still stronger, as its objects nigh; Reason’s at distance, and in prospect lie: That sees immediate good by present sense; Reason, the future and the consequence. Thicker than arguments, temptations throng. At best more watchful this, but that more strong. The action of the stronger to suspend, Reason still use, to reason still attend. Attention, habit and experience gains; Each strengthens reason, and self-love restrains. Let subtle schoolmen teach these friends to fight, More studious to divide than to unite; And grace and virtue, sense and reason split, With all the rash dexterity of wit. Wits, just like fools, at war about a name, Have full as oft no meaning, or the same. Self-love and reason to one end aspire, Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire; But greedy that, its object would devour, This taste the honey, and not wound the flower: Pleasure, or wrong or rightly understood, Our greatest evil, or our greatest good.

III. Modes of self-love the passions we may call; ’Tis real good, or seeming, moves them all: But since not every good we can divide, And reason bids us for our own provide; Passions, though selfish, if their means be fair, List under Reason, and deserve her care; Those, that imparted, court a nobler aim, Exalt their kind, and take some virtue’s name. In lazy apathy let stoics boast Their virtue fixed; ’tis fixed as in a frost; Contracted all, retiring to the breast; But strength of mind is exercise, not rest: The rising tempest puts in act the soul, Parts it may ravage, but preserves the whole. On life’s vast ocean diversely we sail, Reason the card, but passion is the gale; Nor God alone in the still calm we find, He mounts the storm, and walks upon the wind. Passions, like elements, though born to fight, Yet, mixed and softened, in his work unite: These, ’tis enough to temper and employ; But what composes man, can man destroy? Suffice that Reason keep to Nature’s road, Subject, compound them, follow her and God. Love, hope, and joy, fair pleasure’s smiling train, Hate, fear, and grief, the family of pain, These mixed with art, and to due bounds confined, Make and maintain the balance of the mind; The lights and shades, whose well-accorded strife Gives all the strength and colour of our life. Pleasures are ever in our hands or eyes; And when in act they cease, in prospect rise: Present to grasp, and future still to find, The whole employ of body and of mind. All spread their charms, but charm not all alike; On different senses different objects strike; Hence different passions more or less inflame, As strong or weak, the organs of the frame; And hence once master passion in the breast, Like Aaron’s serpent, swallows up the rest. As man, perhaps, the moment of his breath Receives the lurking principle of death; The young disease that must subdue at length, Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength: So, cast and mingled with his very frame, The mind’s disease, its ruling passion came; Each vital humour which should feed the whole, Soon flows to this, in body and in soul: Whatever warms the heart, or fills the head, As the mind opens, and its functions spread, Imagination plies her dangerous art, And pours it all upon the peccant part. Nature its mother, habit is its nurse; Wit, spirit, faculties, but make it worse; Reason itself but gives it edge and power; As Heaven’s blest beam turns vinegar more sour. We, wretched subjects, though to lawful sway, In this weak queen some favourite still obey: Ah! if she lend not arms, as well as rules, What can she more than tell us we are fools? Teach us to mourn our nature, not to mend, A sharp accuser, but a helpless friend! Or from a judge turn pleader, to persuade The choice we make, or justify it made; Proud of an easy conquest all along, She but removes weak passions for the strong; So, when small humours gather to a gout, The doctor fancies he has driven them out. Yes, Nature’s road must ever be preferred; Reason is here no guide, but still a guard: ’Tis hers to rectify, not overthrow, And treat this passion more as friend than foe: A mightier power the strong direction sends, And several men impels to several ends: Like varying winds, by other passions tossed, This drives them constant to a certain coast. Let power or knowledge, gold or glory, please, Or (oft more strong than all) the love of ease; Through life ’tis followed, even at life’s expense; The merchant’s toil, the sage’s indolence, The monk’s humility, the hero’s pride, All, all alike, find reason on their side. The eternal art, educing good from ill, Grafts on this passion our best principle: ’Tis thus the mercury of man is fixed, Strong grows the virtue with his nature mixed; The dross cements what else were too refined, And in one interest body acts with mind. As fruits, ungrateful to the planter’s care, On savage stocks inserted, learn to bear; The surest virtues thus from passions shoot, Wild nature’s vigour working at the root. What crops of wit and honesty appear From spleen, from obstinacy, hate, or fear! See anger, zeal and fortitude supply; Even avarice, prudence; sloth, philosophy; Lust, through some certain strainers well refined, Is gentle love, and charms all womankind; Envy, to which th’ ignoble mind’s a slave, Is emulation in the learned or brave; Nor virtue, male or female, can we name, But what will grow on pride, or grow on shame. Thus Nature gives us (let it check our pride) The virtue nearest to our vice allied: Reason the bias turns to good from ill And Nero reigns a Titus, if he will. The fiery soul abhorred in Catiline, In Decius charms, in Curtius is divine: The same ambition can destroy or save, And makes a patriot as it makes a knave. This light and darkness in our chaos joined, What shall divide? The God within the mind. Extremes in nature equal ends produce, In man they join to some mysterious use; Though each by turns the other’s bound invade, As, in some well-wrought picture, light and shade, And oft so mix, the difference is too nice Where ends the virtue or begins the vice. Fools! who from hence into the notion fall, That vice or virtue there is none at all. If white and black blend, soften, and unite A thousand ways, is there no black or white? Ask your own heart, and nothing is so plain; ’Tis to mistake them, costs the time and pain. Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, As, to be hated, needs but to be seen; Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face, We first endure, then pity, then embrace. But where th’ extreme of vice, was ne’er agreed: Ask where’s the north? at York, ’tis on the Tweed; In Scotland, at the Orcades; and there, At Greenland, Zembla, or the Lord knows where. No creature owns it in the first degree, But thinks his neighbour farther gone than he; Even those who dwell beneath its very zone, Or never feel the rage, or never own; What happier nations shrink at with affright, The hard inhabitant contends is right. Virtuous and vicious every man must be, Few in th’ extreme, but all in the degree, The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise; And even the best, by fits, what they despise. ’Tis but by parts we follow good or ill; For, vice or virtue, self directs it still; Each individual seeks a several goal; But Heaven’s great view is one, and that the whole. That counter-works each folly and caprice; That disappoints th’ effect of every vice; That, happy frailties to all ranks applied, Shame to the virgin, to the matron pride, Fear to the statesman, rashness to the chief, To kings presumption, and to crowds belief: That, virtue’s ends from vanity can raise, Which seeks no interest, no reward but praise; And build on wants, and on defects of mind, The joy, the peace, the glory of mankind. Heaven forming each on other to depend, A master, or a servant, or a friend, Bids each on other for assistance call, Till one man’s weakness grows the strength of all. Wants, frailties, passions, closer still ally The common interest, or endear the tie. To these we owe true friendship, love sincere, Each home-felt joy that life inherits here; Yet from the same we learn, in its decline, Those joys, those loves, those interests to resign; Taught half by reason, half by mere decay, To welcome death, and calmly pass away. Whate’er the passion, knowledge, fame, or pelf, Not one will change his neighbour with himself. The learned is happy nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more; The rich is happy in the plenty given, The poor contents him with the care of Heaven. See the blind beggar dance, the cripple sing, The sot a hero, lunatic a king; The starving chemist in his golden views Supremely blest, the poet in his muse. See some strange comfort every state attend, And pride bestowed on all, a common friend; See some fit passion every age supply, Hope travels through, nor quits us when we die. Behold the child, by Nature’s kindly law, Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw: Some livelier plaything gives his youth delight, A little louder, but as empty quite: Scarves, garters, gold, amuse his riper stage, And beads and prayer-books are the toys of age: Pleased with this bauble still, as that before; Till tired he sleeps, and life’s poor play is o’er. Meanwhile opinion gilds with varying rays Those painted clouds that beautify our days; Each want of happiness by hope supplied, And each vacuity of sense by pride: These build as fast as knowledge can destroy; In folly’s cup still laughs the bubble, joy; One prospect lost, another still we gain; And not a vanity is given in vain; Even mean self-love becomes, by force divine, The scale to measure others’ wants by thine. See! and confess, one comfort still must rise, ’Tis this, though man’s a fool, yet God is wise.

ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE III.

Of the Nature and State of Man with respect to Society.

I. The whole Universe one system of Society, v.7, etc. Nothing made wholly for itself, nor yet wholly for another, v.27. The happiness of Animals mutual, v.49. II. Reason or Instinct operate alike to the good of each Individual, v.79. Reason or Instinct operate also to Society, in all Animals, v.109. III. How far Society carried by Instinct, v.115. How much farther by Reason, v.128. IV. Of that which is called the State of Nature, v.144. Reason instructed by Instinct in the invention of Arts, v.166, and in the Forms of Society, v.176. V. Origin of Political Societies, v.196. Origin of Monarchy, v.207. Patriarchal Government, v.212. VI. Origin of true Religion and Government, from the same principle, of Love, v.231, etc. Origin of Superstition and Tyranny, from the same principle, of Fear, v.237, etc. The Influence of Self-love operating to the social and public Good, v.266. Restoration of true Religion and Government on their first principle, v.285. Mixed Government, v.288. Various forms of each, and the true end of all, v.300, etc.

EPISTLE III.

Here, then, we rest: “The Universal Cause Acts to one end, but acts by various laws.” In all the madness of superfluous health, The trim of pride, the impudence of wealth, Let this great truth be present night and day; But most be present, if we preach or pray. Look round our world; behold the chain of love Combining all below and all above. See plastic Nature working to this end, The single atoms each to other tend, Attract, attracted to, the next in place Formed and impelled its neighbour to embrace. See matter next, with various life endued, Press to one centre still, the general good. See dying vegetables life sustain, See life dissolving vegetate again: All forms that perish other forms supply (By turns we catch the vital breath, and die), Like bubbles on the sea of matter borne, They rise, they break, and to that sea return. Nothing is foreign: parts relate to whole; One all-extending, all-preserving soul Connects each being, greatest with the least; Made beast in aid of man, and man of beast; All served, all serving: nothing stands alone; The chain holds on, and where it ends, unknown. Has God, thou fool! worked solely for thy Thy good, Thy joy, thy pastime, thy attire, thy food? Who for thy table feeds the wanton fawn, For him as kindly spread the flowery lawn: Is it for thee the lark ascends and sings? Joy tunes his voice, joy elevates his wings. Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat? Loves of his own and raptures swell the note. The bounding steed you pompously bestride, Shares with his lord the pleasure and the pride. Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain? The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Thine the full harvest of the golden year? Part pays, and justly, the deserving steer: The hog, that ploughs not nor obeys thy call, Lives on the labours of this lord of all. Know, Nature’s children all divide her care; The fur that warms a monarch, warmed a bear. While man exclaims, “See all things for my use!” “See man for mine!” replies a pampered goose: And just as short of reason he must fall, Who thinks all made for one, not one for all. Grant that the powerful still the weak control; Be man the wit and tyrant of the whole: Nature that tyrant checks; he only knows, And helps, another creature’s wants and woes. Say, will the falcon, stooping from above, Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove? Admires the jay the insect’s gilded wings? Or hears the hawk when Philomela sings? Man cares for all: to birds he gives his woods, To beasts his pastures, and to fish his floods; For some his interest prompts him to provide, For more his pleasure, yet for more his pride: All feed on one vain patron, and enjoy The extensive blessing of his luxury. That very life his learned hunger craves, He saves from famine, from the savage saves; Nay, feasts the animal he dooms his feast, And, till he ends the being, makes it blest; Which sees no more the stroke, or feels the pain, Than favoured man by touch ethereal slain. The creature had his feast of life before; Thou too must perish when thy feast is o’er! To each unthinking being, Heaven, a friend, Gives not the useless knowledge of its end: To man imparts it; but with such a view As, while he dreads it, makes him hope it too; The hour concealed, and so remote the fear, Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. Great standing miracle! that Heaven assigned Its only thinking thing this turn of mind.

II. Whether with reason, or with instinct blest, Know, all enjoy that power which suits them best; To bliss alike by that direction tend, And find the means proportioned to their end. Say, where full instinct is the unerring guide, What pope or council can they need beside? Reason, however able, cool at best, Cares not for service, or but serves when pressed, Stays till we call, and then not often near; But honest instinct comes a volunteer, Sure never to o’er-shoot, but just to hit; While still too wide or short is human wit; Sure by quick nature happiness to gain, Which heavier reason labours at in vain, This too serves always, reason never long; One must go right, the other may go wrong. See then the acting and comparing powers One in their nature, which are two in ours; And reason raise o’er instinct as you can, In this ’tis God directs, in that ’tis man. Who taught the nations of the field and wood To shun their poison, and to choose their food? Prescient, the tides or tempests to withstand, Build on the wave, or arch beneath the sand? Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as Demoivre, without rule or line? Who did the stork, Columbus-like, explore Heavens not his own, and worlds unknown before? Who calls the council, states the certain day, Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way?

III. God in the nature of each being founds Its proper bliss, and sets its proper bounds: But as He framed a whole, the whole to bless, On mutual wants built mutual happiness: So from the first, eternal order ran, And creature linked to creature, man to man. Whate’er of life all-quickening ether keeps, Or breathes through air, or shoots beneath the deeps, Or pours profuse on earth, one nature feeds The vital flame, and swells the genial seeds. Not man alone, but all that roam the wood, Or wing the sky, or roll along the flood, Each loves itself, but not itself alone, Each sex desires alike, till two are one. Nor ends the pleasure with the fierce embrace; They love themselves, a third time, in their race. Thus beast and bird their common charge attend, The mothers nurse it, and the sires defend; The young dismissed to wander earth or air, There stops the instinct, and there ends the care; The link dissolves, each seeks a fresh embrace, Another love succeeds, another race. A longer care man’s helpless kind demands; That longer care contracts more lasting bands: Reflection, reason, still the ties improve, At once extend the interest and the love; With choice we fix, with sympathy we burn; Each virtue in each passion takes its turn; And still new needs, new helps, new habits rise. That graft benevolence on charities. Still as one brood, and as another rose, These natural love maintained, habitual those. The last, scarce ripened into perfect man, Saw helpless him from whom their life began: Memory and forecast just returns engage, That pointed back to youth, this on to age; While pleasure, gratitude, and hope combined, Still spread the interest, and preserved the kind.

IV. Nor think, in Nature’s state they blindly trod; The state of nature was the reign of God: Self-love and social at her birth began, Union the bond of all things, and of man. Pride then was not; nor arts, that pride to aid; Man walked with beast, joint tenant of the shade; The same his table, and the same his bed; No murder clothed him, and no murder fed. In the same temple, the resounding wood, All vocal beings hymned their equal God: The shrine with gore unstained, with gold undressed, Unbribed, unbloody, stood the blameless priest: Heaven’s attribute was universal care, And man’s prerogative to rule, but spare. Ah! how unlike the man of times to come! Of half that live the butcher and the tomb; Who, foe to nature, hears the general groan, Murders their species, and betrays his own. But just disease to luxury succeeds, And every death its own avenger breeds; The fury-passions from that blood began, And turned on man a fiercer savage, man. See him from Nature rising slow to art! To copy instinct then was reason’s part; Thus then to man the voice of Nature spake— “Go, from the creatures thy instructions take: Learn from the birds what food the thickets yield; Learn from the beasts the physic of the field; Thy arts of building from the bee receive; Learn of the mole to plough, the worm to weave; Learn of the little nautilus to sail, Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale. Here too all forms of social union find, And hence let reason, late, instruct mankind: Here subterranean works and cities see; There towns aërial on the waving tree. Learn each small people’s genius, policies, The ant’s republic, and the realm of bees; How those in common all their wealth bestow, And anarchy without confusion know; And these for ever, though a monarch reign, Their separate cells and properties maintain. Mark what unvaried laws preserve each state, Laws wise as nature, and as fixed as fate. In vain thy reason finer webs shall draw, Entangle justice in her net of law, And right, too rigid, harden into wrong; Still for the strong too weak, the weak too strong. Yet go! and thus o’er all the creatures sway, Thus let the wiser make the rest obey; And, for those arts mere instinct could afford, Be crowned as monarchs, or as gods adored.”

V. Great Nature spoke; observant men obeyed; Cities were built, societies were made: Here rose one little state: another near Grew by like means, and joined, through love or fear. Did here the trees with ruddier burdens bend, And there the streams in purer rills descend? What war could ravish, commerce could bestow, And he returned a friend, who came a foe. Converse and love mankind might strongly draw, When love was liberty, and Nature law. Thus States were formed; the name of king unknown, ’Till common interest placed the sway in one. ’Twas virtue only (or in arts or arms, Diffusing blessings, or averting harms) The same which in a sire the sons obeyed, A prince the father of a people made.

VI. Till then, by Nature crowned, each patriarch sate, King, priest, and parent of his growing state; On him, their second providence, they hung, Their law his eye, their oracle his tongue. He from the wondering furrow called the food, Taught to command the fire, control the flood, Draw forth the monsters of the abyss profound, Or fetch the aërial eagle to the ground. Till drooping, sickening, dying they began Whom they revered as God to mourn as man: Then, looking up, from sire to sire, explored One great first Father, and that first adored. Or plain tradition that this all begun, Conveyed unbroken faith from sire to son; The worker from the work distinct was known, And simple reason never sought but one: Ere wit oblique had broke that steady light, Man, like his Maker, saw that all was right; To virtue, in the paths of pleasure, trod, And owned a Father when he owned a God. Love all the faith, and all the allegiance then; For Nature knew no right divine in men, No ill could fear in God; and understood A sovereign being but a sovereign good. True faith, true policy, united ran, This was but love of God, and this of man. Who first taught souls enslaved, and realms undone, The enormous faith of many made for one; That proud exception to all Nature’s laws, To invert the world, and counter-work its cause? Force first made conquest, and that conquest, law; Till superstition taught the tyrant awe, Then shared the tyranny, then lent it aid, And gods of conquerors, slaves of subjects made: She, ’midst the lightning’s blaze, and thunder’s sound, When rocked the mountains, and when groaned the ground, She taught the weak to bend, the proud to pray, To power unseen, and mightier far than they: She, from the rending earth and bursting skies, Saw gods descend, and fiends infernal rise: Here fixed the dreadful, there the blest abodes; Fear made her devils, and weak hope her gods; Gods partial, changeful, passionate, unjust, Whose attributes were rage, revenge, or lust; Such as the souls of cowards might conceive, And, formed like tyrants, tyrants would believe. Zeal then, not charity, became the guide; And hell was built on spite, and heaven on pride, Then sacred seemed the ethereal vault no more; Altars grew marble then, and reeked with gore; Then first the flamen tasted living food; Next his grim idol smeared with human blood; With heaven’s own thunders shook the world below, And played the god an engine on his foe. So drives self-love, through just and through unjust, To one man’s power, ambition, lucre, lust: The same self-love, in all, becomes the cause Of what restrains him, government and laws. For, what one likes if others like as well, What serves one will when many wills rebel? How shall he keep, what, sleeping or awake, A weaker may surprise, a stronger take? His safety must his liberty restrain: All join to guard what each desires to gain. Forced into virtue thus by self-defence, Even kings learned justice and benevolence: Self-love forsook the path it first pursued, And found the private in the public good. ’Twas then, the studious head or generous mind, Follower of God, or friend of human-kind, Poet or patriot, rose but to restore The faith and moral Nature gave before; Re-lumed her ancient light, not kindled new; If not God’s image, yet His shadow drew: Taught power’s due use to people and to kings, Taught nor to slack, nor strain its tender strings, The less, or greater, set so justly true, That touching one must strike the other too; Till jarring interests, of themselves create The according music of a well-mixed state. Such is the world’s great harmony, that springs From order, union, full consent of things: Where small and great, where weak and mighty, made To serve, not suffer, strengthen, not invade; More powerful each as needful to the rest, And, in proportion as it blesses, blest; Draw to one point, and to one centre bring Beast, man, or angel, servant, lord, or king. For forms of government let fools contest; Whate’er is best administered is best: For modes of faith let graceless zealots fight; His can’t be wrong whose life is in the right: In faith and hope the world will disagree, But all mankind’s concern is charity: All must be false that thwart this one great end; And all of God, that bless mankind or mend. Man, like the generous vine, supported lives; The strength he gains is from the embrace he gives. On their own axis as the planets run, Yet make at once their circle round the sun; So two consistent motions act the soul; And one regards itself, and one the whole. Thus God and Nature linked the general frame, And bade self-love and social be the same.

ARGUMENT OF EPISTLE IV.

Of the Nature and State of Man with respect to Happiness.

I. False Notions of Happiness, Philosophical and Popular, answered from v.19 to 77. II. It is the End of all Men, and attainable by all, v.30. God intends Happiness to be equal; and to be so, it must be social, since all particular Happiness depends on general, and since He governs by general, not particular Laws, v.37. As it is necessary for Order, and the peace and welfare of Society, that external goods should be unequal, Happiness is not made to consist in these, v.51. But, notwithstanding that inequality, the balance of Happiness among Mankind is kept even by Providence, by the two Passions of Hope and Fear, v.70. III. What the Happiness of Individuals is, as far as is consistent with the constitution of this world; and that the good Man has here the advantage, V.77. The error of imputing to Virtue what are only the calamities of Nature or of Fortune, v.94. IV. The folly of expecting that God should alter His general Laws in favour of particulars, v.121. V. That we are not judges who are good; but that, whoever they are, they must be happiest, v.133, etc. VI. That external goods are not the proper rewards, but often inconsistent with, or destructive of Virtue, v.165. That even these can make no Man happy without Virtue: Instanced in Riches, v.183. Honours, v.191. Nobility, v.203. Greatness, v.215. Fame, v.235. Superior Talents, v.257, etc. With pictures of human Infelicity in Men possessed of them all, v.267, etc. VII. That Virtue only constitutes a Happiness, whose object is universal, and whose prospect eternal, v.307, etc. That the perfection of Virtue and Happiness consists in a conformity to the Order of Providence here, and a Resignation to it here and hereafter, v.326, etc.

EPISTLE IV.

Oh, happiness, our being’s end and aim! Good, pleasure, ease, content! whate’er thy name: That something still which prompts the eternal sigh, For which we bear to live, or dare to die, Which still so near us, yet beyond us lies, O’erlooked, seen double, by the fool, and wise. Plant of celestial seed! if dropped below, Say, in what mortal soil thou deign’st to grow? Fair opening to some Court’s propitious shine, Or deep with diamonds in the flaming mine? Twined with the wreaths Parnassian laurels yield, Or reaped in iron harvests of the field? Where grows?—where grows it not? If vain our toil, We ought to blame the culture, not the soil: Fixed to no spot is happiness sincere, ’Tis nowhere to be found, or everywhere; ’Tis never to be bought, but always free, And fled from monarchs, St. John! dwells with thee. Ask of the learned the way? The learned are blind; This bids to serve, and that to shun mankind; Some place the bliss in action, some in ease, Those call it pleasure, and contentment these; Some, sunk to beasts, find pleasure end in pain; Some, swelled to gods, confess even virtue vain; Or indolent, to each extreme they fall, To trust in everything, or doubt of all. Who thus define it, say they more or less Than this, that happiness is happiness? Take Nature’s path, and mad opinions leave; All states can reach it, and all heads conceive; Obvious her goods, in no extreme they dwell; There needs but thinking right, and meaning well; And mourn our various portions as we please, Equal is common sense, and common ease. Remember, man, “the Universal Cause Acts not by partial, but by general laws;” And makes what happiness we justly call Subsist not in the good of one, but all. There’s not a blessing individuals find, But some way leans and hearkens to the kind: No bandit fierce, no tyrant mad with pride, No caverned hermit, rests self-satisfied: Who most to shun or hate mankind pretend, Seek an admirer, or would fix a friend: Abstract what others feel, what others think, All pleasures sicken, and all glories sink: Each has his share; and who would more obtain, Shall find, the pleasure pays not half the pain. Order is Heaven’s first law; and this confest, Some are, and must be, greater than the rest, More rich, more wise; but who infers from hence That such are happier, shocks all common sense. Heaven to mankind impartial we confess, If all are equal in their happiness: But mutual wants this happiness increase; All Nature’s difference keeps all Nature’s peace. Condition, circumstance is not the thing; Bliss is the same in subject or in king, In who obtain defence, or who defend, In him who is, or him who finds a friend: Heaven breathes through every member of the whole One common blessing, as one common soul. But fortune’s gifts if each alike possessed, And each were equal, must not all contest? If then to all men happiness was meant, God in externals could not place content. Fortune her gifts may variously dispose, And these be happy called, unhappy those; But Heaven’s just balance equal will appear, While those are placed in hope, and these in fear: Nor present good or ill, the joy or curse, But future views of better or of worse, Oh, sons of earth! attempt ye still to rise, By mountains piled on mountains, to the skies, Heaven still with laughter the vain toil surveys, And buries madmen in the heaps they raise. Know, all the good that individuals find, Or God and Nature meant to mere mankind, Reason’s whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, Lie in three words, health, peace, and competence. But health consists with temperance alone; And peace, oh, virtue! peace is all thy own. The good or bad the gifts of fortune gain; But these less taste them, as they worse obtain. Say, in pursuit of profit or delight, Who risk the most, that take wrong means, or right; Of vice or virtue, whether blessed or cursed, Which meets contempt, or which compassion first? Count all the advantage prosperous vice attains, ’Tis but what virtue flies from and disdains: And grant the bad what happiness they would, One they must want, which is, to pass for good. Oh, blind to truth, and God’s whole scheme below, Who fancy bliss to vice, to virtue woe! Who sees and follows that great scheme the best, Best knows the blessing, and will most be blest. But fools the good alone unhappy call, For ills or accidents that chance to all. See Falkland dies, the virtuous and the just! See god-like Turenne prostrate on the dust! See Sidney bleeds amid the martial strife! Was this their virtue, or contempt of life? Say, was it virtue, more though Heaven ne’er gave, Lamented Digby! sunk thee to the grave? Tell me, if virtue made the son expire, Why, full of days and honour, lives the sire? Why drew Marseilles’ good bishop purer breath, When Nature sickened, and each gale was death? Or why so long (in life if long can be) Lent Heaven a parent to the poor and me? What makes all physical or moral ill? There deviates Nature, and here wanders will. God sends not ill; if rightly understood, Or partial ill is universal good, Or change admits, or Nature lets it fall; Short, and but rare, till man improved it all. We just as wisely might of Heaven complain That righteous Abel was destroyed by Cain, As that the virtuous son is ill at ease When his lewd father gave the dire disease. Think we, like some weak prince, the Eternal Cause Prone for His favourites to reverse His laws? Shall burning Etna, if a sage requires, Forget to thunder, and recall her fires? On air or sea new motions be imprest, Oh, blameless Bethel! to relieve thy breast? When the loose mountain trembles from on high, Shall gravitation cease, if you go by? Or some old temple, nodding to its fall, For Chartres’ head reserve the hanging wall? But still this world (so fitted for the knave) Contents us not. A better shall we have? A kingdom of the just then let it be: But first consider how those just agree. The good must merit God’s peculiar care: But who, but God, can tell us who they are? One thinks on Calvin Heaven’s own spirit fell; Another deems him instrument of hell; If Calvin feel Heaven’s blessing, or its rod. This cries there is, and that, there is no God. What shocks one part will edify the rest, Nor with one system can they all be blest. The very best will variously incline, And what rewards your virtue, punish mine. Whatever is, is right. This world, ’tis true, Was made for Cæsar—but for Titus too: And which more blest? who chained his country, say, Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day? “But sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed.” What then? Is the reward of virtue bread? That, vice may merit, ’tis the price of toil; The knave deserves it, when he tills the soil, The knave deserves it, when he tempts the main, Where folly fights for kings, or dives for gain. The good man may be weak, be indolent; Nor is his claim to plenty, but content. But grant him riches, your demand is o’er? “No—shall the good want health, the good want power?” Add health, and power, and every earthly thing, “Why bounded power? why private? why no king?” Nay, why external for internal given? Why is not man a god, and earth a heaven? Who ask and reason thus, will scarce conceive God gives enough, while He has more to give: Immense the power, immense were the demand; Say, at what part of nature will they stand? What nothing earthly gives, or can destroy, The soul’s calm sunshine, and the heartfelt joy, Is virtue’s prize: A better would you fix? Then give humility a coach and six, Justice a conqueror’s sword, or truth a gown, Or public spirit its great cure, a crown. Weak, foolish man! will heaven reward us there With the same trash mad mortals wish for here? The boy and man an individual makes, Yet sighest thou now for apples and for cakes? Go, like the Indian, in another life Expect thy dog, thy bottle, and thy wife: As well as dream such trifles are assigned, As toys and empires, for a God-like mind. Rewards, that either would to virtue bring No joy, or be destructive of the thing: How oft by these at sixty are undone The virtues of a saint at twenty-one! To whom can riches give repute or trust, Content, or pleasure, but the good and just? Judges and senates have been bought for gold, Esteem and love were never to be sold. Oh, fool! to think God hates the worthy mind, The lover and the love of human kind, Whose life is healthful, and whose conscience clear, Because he wants a thousand pounds a year. Honour and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there all the honour lies. Fortune in men has some small difference made, One flaunts in rags, one flutters in brocade; The cobbler aproned, and the parson gowned, The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned, “What differ more (you cry) than crown and cowl?” I’ll tell you, friend! a wise man and a fool. You’ll find, if once the monarch acts the monk, Or, cobbler-like, the parson will be drunk, Worth makes the man, and want of it, the fellow; The rest is all but leather or prunella. Stuck o’er with titles and hung round with strings, That thou mayest be by kings, or wh***s of kings. Boast the pure blood of an illustrious race, In quiet flow from Lucrece to Lucrece; But by your fathers’ worth if yours you rate, Count me those only who were good and great. Go! if your ancient, but ignoble blood Has crept through scoundrels ever since the flood, Go! and pretend your family is young; Nor own, your fathers have been fools so long. What can ennoble sots, or slaves, or cowards? Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards. Look next on greatness; say where greatness lies? “Where, but among the heroes and the wise?” Heroes are much the same, the points agreed, From Macedonia’s madman to the Swede; The whole strange purpose of their lives, to find Or make, an enemy of all mankind? Not one looks backward, onward still he goes, Yet ne’er looks forward farther than his nose. No less alike the politic and wise; All sly slow things, with circumspective eyes; Men in their loose unguarded hours they take, Not that themselves are wise, but others weak. But grant that those can conquer, these can cheat; ’Tis phrase absurd to call a villain great: Who wickedly is wise, or madly brave, Is but the more a fool, the more a knave. Who noble ends by noble means obtains, Or failing, smiles in exile or in chains, Like good Aurelius let him reign, or bleed Like Socrates, that man is great indeed. What’s fame? a fancied life in others’ breath, A thing beyond us, even before our death. Just what you hear, you have, and what’s unknown The same (my Lord) if Tully’s, or your own. All that we feel of it begins and ends In the small circle of our foes or friends; To all beside as much an empty shade An Eugene living, as a Cæsar dead; Alike or when, or where, they shone, or shine, Or on the Rubicon, or on the Rhine. A wit’s a feather, and a chief a rod; An honest man’s the noblest work of God. Fame but from death a villain’s name can save, As justice tears his body from the grave; When what the oblivion better were resigned, Is hung on high, to poison half mankind. All fame is foreign, but of true desert; Plays round the head, but comes not to the heart: One self-approving hour whole years outweighs Of stupid starers, and of loud huzzas; And more true joy Marcellus exiled feels, Than Cæsar with a senate at his heels. In parts superior what advantage lies? Tell (for you can) what is it to be wise? ’Tis but to know how little can be known; To see all others’ faults, and feel our own; Condemned in business or in arts to drudge, Without a second or without a judge; Truths would you teach or save a sinking land, All fear, none aid you, and few understand. Painful pre-eminence! yourself to view Above life’s weakness, and its comforts too. Bring, then, these blessings to a strict account; Make fair deductions; see to what they mount; How much of other each is sure to cost; How each for other oft is wholly lost; How inconsistent greater goods with these; How sometimes life is risked, and always ease; Think, and if still the things thy envy call, Say, would’st thou be the man to whom they fall? To sigh for ribands if thou art so silly, Mark how they grace Lord Umbra, or Sir Billy: Is yellow dirt the passion of thy life? Look but on Gripus, or on Gripus’ wife; If parts allure thee, think how Bacon shined, The wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind: Or ravished with the whistling of a name, See Cromwell; damned to everlasting fame! If all, united, thy ambition call, From ancient story learn to scorn them all. There, in the rich, the honoured, famed, and great, See the false scale of happiness complete! In hearts of kings, or arms of queens who lay, How happy! those to ruin, these betray. Mark by what wretched steps their glory grows, From dirt and seaweed as proud Venice rose; In each how guilt and greatness equal ran, And all that raised the hero, sunk the man: Now Europe’s laurels on their brows behold, But stained with blood, or ill exchanged for gold; Then see them broke with toils or sunk with ease, Or infamous for plundered provinces. Oh, wealth ill-fated! which no act of fame E’er taught to shine, or sanctified from shame; What greater bliss attends their close of life? Some greedy minion, or imperious wife. The trophied arches, storeyed halls invade And haunt their slumbers in the pompous shade. Alas! not dazzled with their noontide ray, Compute the morn and evening to the day; The whole amount of that enormous fame, A tale, that blends their glory with their shame; Know, then, this truth (enough for man to know) “Virtue alone is happiness below.” The only point where human bliss stands still, And tastes the good without the fall to ill; Where only merit constant pay receives, Is blest in what it takes, and what it gives; The joy unequalled, if its end it gain, And if it lose, attended with no pain; Without satiety, though e’er so blessed, And but more relished as the more distressed: The broadest mirth unfeeling folly wears, Less pleasing far than virtue’s very tears: Good, from each object, from each place acquired For ever exercised, yet never tired; Never elated, while one man’s oppressed; Never dejected while another’s blessed; And where no wants, no wishes can remain, Since but to wish more virtue, is to gain. See the sole bliss Heaven could on all bestow! Which who but feels can taste, but thinks can know: Yet poor with fortune, and with learning blind, The bad must miss; the good, untaught, will find; Slave to no sect, who takes no private road, But looks through Nature up to Nature’s God; Pursues that chain which links the immense design, Joins heaven and earth, and mortal and divine; Sees, that no being any bliss can know, But touches some above, and some below; Learns, from this union of the rising whole, The first, last purpose of the human soul; And knows, where faith, law, morals, all began, All end, in love of God, and love of man. For Him alone, hope leads from goal to goal, And opens still, and opens on his soul! Till lengthened on to faith, and unconfined, It pours the bliss that fills up all the mind He sees, why Nature plants in man alone Hope of known bliss, and faith in bliss unknown: (Nature, whose dictates to no other kind Are given in vain, but what they seek they find) Wise is her present; she connects in this His greatest virtue with his greatest bliss; At once his own bright prospect to be blest, And strongest motive to assist the rest. Self-love thus pushed to social, to divine, Gives thee to make thy neighbour’s blessing thine. Is this too little for the boundless heart? Extend it, let thy enemies have part: Grasp the whole worlds of reason, life, and sense, In one close system of benevolence: Happier as kinder, in whate’er degree, And height of bliss but height of charity. God loves from whole to parts: but human soul Must rise from individual to the whole. Self-love but serves the virtuous mind to wake, As the small pebble stirs the peaceful lake! The centre moved, a circle straight succeeds, Another still, and still another spreads; Friend, parent, neighbour, first it will embrace; His country next; and next all human race; Wide and more wide, the o’erflowings of the mind Take every creature in, of every kind; Earth smiles around, with boundless bounty blest, And Heaven beholds its image in his breast. Come, then, my friend! my genius! come along; Oh, master of the poet, and the song! And while the muse now stoops, or now ascends, To man’s low passions, or their glorious ends, Teach me, like thee, in various nature wise, To fall with dignity, with temper rise; Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe; Correct with spirit, eloquent with ease, Intent to reason, or polite to please. Oh! while along the stream of time thy name Expanded flies, and gathers all its fame, Say, shall my little bark attendant sail, Pursue the triumph, and partake the gale? When statesmen, heroes, kings, in dust repose, Whose sons shall blush their fathers were thy foes, Shall then this verse to future age pretend Thou wert my guide, philosopher, and friend? That urged by thee, I turned the tuneful art From sounds to things, from fancy to the heart; From wit’s false mirror held up Nature’s light; Showed erring pride, whatever is, is right; That reason, passion, answer one great aim; That true self-love and social are the same; That virtue only makes our bliss below; And all our knowledge is, ourselves to know.

THE UNIVERSAL PRAYER.

DEO OPT. MAX.

Father of all! in every age, In every clime adored, By saint, by savage, and by sage, Jehovah, Jove, or Lord!

Thou Great First Cause, least understood, Who all my sense confined To know but this, that Thou art good, And that myself am blind;

Yet gave me, in this dark estate, To see the good from ill; And binding Nature fast in fate, Left free the human will.

What conscience dictates to be done, Or warns me not to do, This, teach me more than Hell to shun, That, more than Heaven pursue.

What blessings Thy free bounty gives, Let me not cast away; For God is paid when man receives, To enjoy is to obey.

Yet not to earth’s contracted span Thy goodness let me bound, Or think Thee Lord alone of man, When thousand worlds are round:

Let not this weak, unknowing hand Presume Thy bolts to throw, And deal damnation round the land, On each I judge Thy foe.

If I am right, Thy grace impart, Still in the right to stay; If I am wrong, oh, teach my heart To find that better way.

Save me alike from foolish pride, Or impious discontent, At aught Thy wisdom has denied, Or aught Thy goodness lent.

Teach me to feel another’s woe, To hide the fault I see; That mercy I to others show, That mercy show to me.

Mean though I am, not wholly so, Since quickened by Thy breath; Oh, lead me wheresoe’er I go, Through this day’s life or death.

This day, be bread and peace my lot: All else beneath the sun, Thou know’st if best bestowed or not; And let Thy will be done.

To Thee, whose temple is all space, Whose altar earth, sea, skies, One chorus let all being raise, All Nature’s incense rise!

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